Documents

Endangered Species Act (ESA): The Exemption Process

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jan 27, 2017

, deadlines, etc. 44 Among the other federal laws that have been at issue are the Clean Water Act, NEPA, and project-specific authorizations. … FWS initially replies that a three-year study is necessary before it can offer a BiOp on the effects of the project. 3/1978 Corps issues a Section 404 dredge and fill permit under the Clean Water Act

COVID-19, U.S. Agriculture, and USDA’s Coronavirus Food Assistance Program (CFAP)

Congressional research report · CRS Report · May 8, 2020

; Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act, P.L. 116-136); and Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act (P.L. 116-139). … The APHIS and AMS amounts are to replace user fee revenues that are expected to decline due to reduced air passenger traffic (APHIS) and because of reduced grading, inspections and audit services (AMS)

Field Hearings: Fact Sheet on Purposes, Rules, Regulations, and Guidelines

Congressional research report · Reports · Jun 22, 2026

Some examples of field hearings in the 119th Congress included full committee hearings in Stanford, CA (on cybersecurity technology), in Boston, MA (on the clean energy economy), and in New Orleans, LA … Similarly, Senate Rule XXVI, paragraph 1, states that a committee “is authorized to hold such hearings, to sit and act at such times and places during the sessions, recesses, and adjourned periods of the

Patents and Regulatory Exclusivities: Issues in Pharmaceutical Innovation and Competition

Congressional research report · CRS Report · May 1, 2015

Brand-name firms are entitled to a four-year period during which no application to market a follow-on biologic may be filed47 and a 12-year period in which no 34 Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, P.L. … Some commentators strongly support enactment of the MODDERN Cures Act and related legislation.98 Attorney and former pharmaceutical executive Robert A.

Building the Capacity of Partner States Through Security Force Assistance

Congressional research report · CRS Report · May 5, 2011

Gates, "A Balanced Strategy: Reprogramming the Pentagon for a New Age," Foreign Affairs, January/February 2009. 24 Francis Fukuyama, comment on Center for Global Development task force’s report, On the … security assistance programs are constrained by a “patchwork of authorities, persistent shortfalls in the resources, unwieldy processes and a limited ability to sustain such undertakings beyond a short period

Kosovo and Macedonia: U.S. and Allied Military Operations

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jul 8, 2003

A $2 billion supplemental appropriation for Kosovo was subsequently included in the FY2001 Military Construction Act (H.R. 4425;P.L. 106-246). … In the FY2002 DOD appropriations conference report ( H.Rept. 107-350), did note that $2.13 billion was appropriated for both Balkan operations, a reduction without comment of $600 million from the Administration

Foreign Nationals in the U.S. Armed Forces: Immigration Issues

Congressional research report · Reports · May 13, 2026

The Immigration and Nationality Act provides for expedited naturalization through military service with requirements contingent on whether qualifying service was during peacetime or designated periods … Qualifying service during periods of hostilities includes active-duty service in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, Space Force, and Coast Guard, or service in the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve

Energy and Water Development: FY2021 Appropriations

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Mar 25, 2021

The Air Force plans to deploy the W87-1 on the new U.S. land-based intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), the Ground-Based Strategic Deterrent (GBSD). … Resources Development Act of 2016 (Title I of P.L. 114-322, the Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act [WIIN Act]); and in October 2018, the Water Resources Development Act of 2018 (Title

Repairs and Alterations Backlog at the General Services Administration

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jun 12, 2020

Federal Office Building 3, Suitland, MD54  Air has levels of carbon dioxide that exceed industry standards.  Water system has contaminants.  Employees have slipped on water from leaks 37 times, with … Expedited Disposal Authority Under the Federal Assets Sale and Transfer Act The Federal Assets Sale and Transfer Act of 2016 (FASTA, P.L. 114-287) established a new, centralized process for disposing of

No Surprises Act’s Independent Dispute Resolution Process and Related Litigation

Congressional research report · CRS Insight · Apr 1, 2022

INSIGHTi No Surprises Act’s Independent Dispute Resolution Process and Related Litigation April 1, 2022 On December 27, 2020, the No Surprises Act (NSA), part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 … The court also concluded that the IFR violated the Administrative Procedure Act’s notice-and-comment rulemaking requirements.

FEMA Individual Assistance Programs: An Overview

Congressional research report · Reports · Mar 3, 2025

Horn. 2 Stafford Act Section 416, 42 U.S.C. §5183. 3 Stafford Act Section 426, 42 U.S.C. §5189d. 4 Stafford Act Section 415, 42 U.S.C. §5182. 5 Stafford Act Section 410, 42 U.S.C. §5177. 6 Stafford Act … Miscellaneous items may assist disaster survivors with gaining access to their property or assisting with cleaning efforts.

Market Dynamics and Public Policy Issues in the Video Programming Industry

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jul 28, 2003

Thus, there are no restrictions against a vertically 38 The Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992, Pub. L. … that extend far beyond the period covered by the retransmission consent.

Satellite Television License of the Copyright Act (17 U.S.C. Section 119) and the 1997 Rate Adjustment

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Sep 28, 1998

Eliminate the 90 day waiting period after terminating cable service for satellite retransmission of network signals to “unserved households;” ! … The bill eliminates the 90-day waiting period for former cable households to subscribe to a satellite service.

Immigration: Visa Entry/Exit Control System

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Nov 9, 1998

FY1997 INS Inspections Illegal Immigration Land, Air & Sea Ports of Entry Reform and Immigrant (499 million inspections) Responsibility Act (Division C of P.L. 104Northern Land Border POEs 208; IIRIRA) … deadline in place for air ports of entry (now October 15, 1998).

Cuba: U.S. Policy in the 115th Congress

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jan 15, 2019

air charter flights between the United States and Cuba. … Agency for Global Media, October 29, 2018. 245 Regalado’s comments were made to the publication Mother Jones in an e-mail. See Aaron Wiener, “U.S.

Gray Area Retirees—Issues and Legislation

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jan 5, 2012

This 18-year period is usually considered to be the “Gray Area.” 3 Title 38 of the U.S. … would thus be considered to have served on active duty for that period of time.

U.S.-China Counterterrorism Cooperation: Issues for U.S. Policy

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jul 15, 2010

Those PLA forces included ground, air, and naval units. … In June 2007, the Taliban used PRC-made HN-5 surface-to-air missiles in Afghanistan.

Africa, the G8, and the Blair Initiative

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jul 20, 2005

Others argued that any sales could be small and made over a long period of time to minimize this risk. … African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) program, begun in 2000.

Juvenile Delinquents and Federal Criminal Law: The Federal Juvenile Delinquency Act and Related Matters in Short

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Nov 1, 2018

The period of detention may be followed by a period of juvenile delinquent supervision, revocation of which in serious cases may result in detention until the individual is 26 years of age. … A clean record, however, is no bar to a transfer.

Long-Term Federal Management of Uranium Mill Tailings: Background and Issues for Congress

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Feb 22, 2021

.60 UMTRCA authorizes EPA to revise these standards periodically. … “The Committee recommends $32,959,000 to reimburse private licensees for the cost of cleaning up uranium and thorium processing sites in accordance with Title X of the Energy Policy Act of 1992.