Documents

U.S. Travel and Tourism and COVID-19

Congressional research report · CRS Insight · Apr 10, 2020

The last sharp decline in tourism employment was during the three-year period 2007-2009, when the industry shed more than 680,000 jobs (see Figure 1). … U.S. tourism exports—a measure of foreign visitors’ spending in the United States and travel on U.S. air carriers—came to $256 billion in 2018, which makes tourism the United States’ single-largest services

Army and Marine Corps Active Protection System (APS) Efforts

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Aug 30, 2016

Once the active protection system detects an incoming round, it must track the round for a period of time to determine if the trajectory poses a danger to the vehicle. … Congressional Research Service 19 Army and Marine Corps Active Protection System (APS) Efforts FY2017 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) H.R. 4909 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal

High-Speed Rail: Development and Investment Issues in the 107th Congress

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Sep 7, 2001

They argue that if trains were timecompetitive with air travel, more people would ride trains. … The bond period is 20 years, so the government would be faced with this expense in years 2022 through 2031, as the bonds come due.

Next Farm Bill Primer Series

Congressional research report · Reports · Jul 27, 2026

Farm bills are periodic, omnibus legislation focused on farm and food policy. … The FCIP is permanently authorized, but Congress has modified it in various ways in periodic farm bills.

Obscenity and Indecency: Constitutional Principles and Federal Statutes

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jun 29, 2004

Act. … CRS-38 within ten years (excluding any period of imprisonment). 18 U.S.C. § 1961(5).

Medicare: FY2009 Budget Issues

Congressional research report · CRS Report · May 30, 2008

The fee schedule establishes seven categories of ground ambulance services and two categories of air ambulance services. The national fee schedule is fully phased in for air ambulance services. … Section 1154 of the Social Security Act describes the functions of Medicare QIOs.

The Global Financial Crisis: Foreign and Trade Policy Effects

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Apr 7, 2009

According to him, the financial system was not meant to be an end in itself. 49 One commentator may have captured the essence of the issue with this comment, “Capitalism isn’t the enemy, and it isn’t the … This ended a period beginning in 2005 in which China had allowed its currency to appreciate by about 20% against the dollar.

The State Secrets Privilege: National Security Information in Civil Litigation

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Apr 28, 2022

Air Force.21 The Air Force opposed disclosure of those documents, as the aircraft and its occupants were engaged in a “‘highly secret mission of 10 Id. at 106. 11 The Totten bar has been labeled a “rule … Congressional Research Service 2 The State Secrets Privilege: National Security Information in Civil Litigation the Air Force’” at the time of the crash.22 The federal district court ordered the Air

Argentina’s Post-Crisis Economic Reform: Challenges for U.S. Policy

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Apr 15, 2013

As one long-time historian of Argentina commented on its economic status in the 19th century, “Prosperity based on good harvests and strong overseas markets obscured a dangerous vulnerability,” namely, … For example, the Argentine government imposed wheat quotas in 2006, adjusting the level periodically to meet domestic needs.

Iraq: Humanitarian Needs, Impact of Sanctions, and the "Oil for Food" Program

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Aug 13, 1998

State of the World’s Children for 1991 (which covered the years 1985-88, before the Gulf war) shows similar statistics, with nearly all urban dwellers and 54 percent of rural residents having access to clean … every opportunity to facilitate the distribution plan in order to alleviate the suffering of the Iraqi population, the Government of Iraq insists upon arguing about procedural mechanisms.”16 In a similar comment

Andean Regional Initiative (ARI): FY2003 Supplemental and FY2004 Assistance for Colombia and Neighbors

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jan 31, 2004

Preference Act. … Air-Bridge Denial Program.

Federal Tort Reform Legislation: Constitutionality and Summaries of Selected Statutes

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jan 28, 2010

Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act, 49 U.S.C. § 44303(b) This statute provides that, “[f]or acts of terrorism committed on or to an air carrier during the period beginning on September … No punitive damages may be awarded against an air carrier (or the Government taking responsibility for an air carrier under this subsection) under a cause of action arising out of such act.”

Funding Gaps and Government Shutdowns: CRS Experts

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Dec 21, 2018

Smole Specialist in Education Policy and Acting Division Research Coordinator [phone number scrubbed] [email address scrubbed] Affordable Care Act (ACA) insurance exchanges Vanessa … Lev Deputy Assistant Director and Specialist/Resources, Science, and Industry [phone number scrubbed] [email address scrubbed] Air safety, air traffic control, aviation/airport security

Nuclear-Armed Sea-Launched Cruise Missile (SLCMN)

Congressional research report · In Focus · Jan 8, 2026

The Biden Administration proposed cancelling the SLCM-N program following its 2022 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR), a periodic assessment of U.S. nuclear policy. … Congress has provided funding for the SLCM-N and its warhead; the FY2024 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) required the executive branch to start up the SLCM-N program.

Russia-North Korea Relations

Congressional research report · In Focus · Sep 18, 2026

During that period, Russian President Vladimir Putin and DPRK leader Kim Jong-un have met three times. … The Ukraine Support Act (H.R. 2913), which passed the House in June 2026, contains a reporting requirement and would expand sanctions on Russia-North Korea cooperation.

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Implementation: The Future of Commercial Trucking Across the Mexican Border

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jun 1, 2010

Department of Transportation, delayed implementation pending completion of a National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) environmental impact statement (EIS) and a Clean Air Act (CAA) conformity determination … Most POE congestion occurs during certain peak periods, usually mid afternoon.

Conservation Provisions in the 1996 Farm Bill: A Summary

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Apr 11, 1996

The President signed the Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 into law on April 4 (P.L. 104-127). … CRS-6 Section 391 establishes an agricultural air quality research oversight committee, to review the accuracy of agricultural air quality data, and to coordinate agricultural air quality activity in the

Private Security Contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan: Legal Issues

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jan 7, 2010

Id. at § 901, comment a. 11 See, e.g., UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 1483 ¶ 4 (May 22, 2003) (calling upon the Coalition Provisional Authority, “consistent with the Charter of the United Nations … Some of the factors leading to the court’s conclusion were that [T]he accused worked directly for the benefit of the Air Force, he was supervised by Air Force personnel, he was quartered and messed on

Navy Aegis Cruiser and Destroyer Modernization: Background and Issues for Congress

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jan 18, 2011

These ships are multi-mission platforms capable of conducting missions such as air defense (which the Navy calls anti-air warfare), ballistic missile defense (BMD), antisubmarine warfare, anti-surface … In general, the Navy wants to divide the modernization work for each ship into two shipyard periods—one for HM&E work, the other for combat system work.

NATO: Response to the Crisis in Ukraine and Security Concerns in Central and Eastern Europe

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jul 31, 2014

In April, NATO increased the Air Policing Mission from four to 16 fighter jets. … annexation of Crimea, some Members of Congress and European leaders repeatedly criticized France’s decision to sell the Mistral to Russia, expressing concern about Russia’s military intentions,34 while French commentators