Documents

Bulgaria: An Overview

Congressional research report · CRS In Focus · May 21, 2024

Bulgaria has experienced a prolonged period of political instability in recent years. … In February 2024, the United States and Bulgaria signed an intergovernmental agreement to cooperate on developing Bulgaria’s civil nuclear power program and clean energy sources. Sarah E.

Minimum Distribution Requirements for Foundations: Proposal to Disallow Administrative Costs

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Apr 29, 2005

Salaries paid to “disqualified persons “ (generally top management, contributors and related persons) in excess of $100,000, non-commercial air transportation and commercial air transportation in excess … During the period 1959-2001, the average return on 6-month Treasury bills was 1.7%; the return on Baa corporate bonds was 3.5%.

501(c)(4)s and Campaign Activity: Analysis Under Tax and Campaign Finance Laws

Congressional research report · CRS Report · May 17, 2013

(May 25, 2004), at 35-37 [hereinafter Task Force Comments], available at http://www.abanet.org/tax/pubpolicy/2004/040525exo.pdf. … that the statute “was anything but clear,” and that it could reasonably be construed to include a “purpose” requirement because it only applied to disbursements for the direct costs of producing and airing

A UN Rapid Reaction Force

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jun 29, 1995

Representatives from 20 of those nations made some comment or reference to the rapid reaction force proposal. … Because U.N. peacekeeping forces are drawn from over 30 countries, they often lack interoperability, i.e., the ability to provide mutual support and act effectively together.

Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) Role in Criminal Justice Data Collection and Dissemination

Congressional research report · CRS In Focus · Jun 15, 2021

BJS publications often lag by a year or more after data collection, which is typical for work with large datasets that require careful cleaning and analysis. … Congress provided $45.0 million for BJS for FY2021 through the Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act (P.L. 116-260).

Issues in the Reauthorization of Amtrak

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jan 5, 2021

CARES Act funds may be “merged” between business lines. c. … The final rule incorporated a grace period for host railroads to renegotiate schedules with Amtrak before the new standards can be enforced.

Sino-Japanese Relations: Issues for U.S. Policy

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Dec 19, 2008

first commander of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Air Force to visit Japan since 2001. … The rightist groups sometime act in response to heavy PRC ship traffic near the islands. Other times, they act without alleged PRC provocations.

Aviation Security: Background and Policy Options for Screening and Securing Air Cargo

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Feb 25, 2008

between profit or loss in an industry that has seen net losses averaging 3.8% of total revenue during the period from 2003 through 2005, and saw a profit margin of just 1.9% in 2006, the first profitable … The act also established a competitive grant program to foster the development of advanced air cargo security technology.

Immigration Related Border Security Legislation in the 109th Congress

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Sep 19, 2006

This report will be updated periodically as events warrant. … Air and Marine Operations.

Veterans Benefits: Federal Employment Assistance

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Dec 1, 2011

—Active military, naval or air service: (38 U.S.C. §101(2); 38 C.F.R. §3.1(d)). —Whether the service was during “time of war:” (38 U.S.C. §101(6)-(11); 38 C.F.R. §3.2). … The grant program is authorized for $4.5 million for the FY2012FY2013 period.

Russian Military Activities in Asia: Combined Military Exercises and Patrols

Congressional research report · Reports · Jun 9, 2026

Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for FY2023 (P.L. 117-263): • • • Section 5523 requires the U.S. … Patrol 2020 Air patrol.

Patents and Regulatory Exclusivities: Issues in Pharmaceutical Innovation and Competition

Congressional research report · CRS Report · May 1, 2015

Brand-name firms are entitled to a four-year period during which no application to market a follow-on biologic may be filed47 and a 12-year period in which no 34 Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, P.L. … Some commentators strongly support enactment of the MODDERN Cures Act and related legislation.98 Attorney and former pharmaceutical executive Robert A.

Israel-Iran Conflict, U.S. Strikes, and Ceasefire

Congressional research report · In Focus · Jun 26, 2025

Strikes, and Ceasefire On June 13, 2025, Israel began a major military operation against Iran, including air strikes and reported covert action. … Some of President Trump’s public comments discouraged attacks while U.S. officials engaged in diplomacy with Iran after April 2025.

Defense Primer: Military Physical Fitness Testing and Body Composition Program

Congressional research report · CRS In Focus · Aug 15, 2022

Congress first required these gender-neutral standards as part of the FY1994 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA, P.L. 103-160§543). … The services have policies that provide exemptions from testing for a specified period of time.

Categorical Exclusions, Metroplexes, and Aircraft Noise Complaints

Congressional research report · CRS Insight · Aug 6, 2018

The 2012 FAA reauthorization act ( P.L. 112-95 ) directed FAA to accelerate the deployment of NextGen procedures . … DNL averages noise from aircraft flyovers over a 24-hour period, adding a 10-decibel penalty to overflights occurring between 10 p.m. and 7 a.m.

Natural Resources: Selected Issues for the 109th Congress

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jun 19, 2006

Issues for the 109th Congress include the implementation of federal protection efforts, such as the permit program of the Army Corps of Engineers under §404 of the Clean Water Act and federal acquisition … Production techniques can contribute to pesticide and nutrient runoff, soil erosion, air pollution, and loss of wildlife habitat.

Build Back Better Act Methane Emissions Charge: In Brief

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Dec 14, 2021

When averaged over a 100-year time period—the time period often used in annual GHG inventories—methane’s global warming potential (GWP) is 25 times greater than that of an equivalent mass of CO2.8 Over … For more discussion, see CRS Report R42986, Methane and Other Air Pollution Issues in Natural Gas Systems, by Richard K.

Benin

Congressional research report · CRS In Focus · Mar 11, 2024

Global Fragility Act (see below). Benin has also offered 2,000 troops to a U.S.backed, Kenyan-led stabilization force planned for Haiti. … Poverty rates are highest in the north, where access to primary education, clean water, and sanitation is also limited.

COVID-19 and Other Election Emergencies: Frequently Asked Questions and Recent Policy Developments

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jul 16, 2020

KXAN NBC, June 29, 2020, at https://www.kxan.com/news/your-local-election-hq/texas-may-see-increase-in-curbside-voting-asprimary-runoff-voting-period-beings/. 70 72 Phillip M. … , the Secure Our Elections Act, and the State Elections Preparedness Act.

The State Secrets Privilege: Preventing the Disclosure of Sensitive National Security Information During Civil Litigation

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Aug 16, 2011

Air Force. … The Air Force opposed disclosure of those documents, as the aircraft and its occupants were engaged in a “highly secret mission of the Air Force” at the time of the crash.14 The federal district court