Documents

Long-Range Bombers: Background and Issues for Congress

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Aug 19, 2003

During this period, the planned procurement of B-2s was reduced, many B-52s were retired, and an ongoing debate began about retiring a number of B1s. … Defense Authorization Act for FY2004,” S.Rept. 108-46 (S. 1050), p. 210. 83 David A.

Midwest Floods of 2008: Potential Impact on Agriculture

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Aug 18, 2008

Note: States are ranked by average production for the six-year period. a. … Note: States are ranked by average production for the six-year period. a.

U.S. Periods of War and Dates of Recent Conflicts

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Feb 5, 2024

Declared by an act of Congress April 25, 1898 (30 Stat. 364, Ch. 189). An armistice signed August 12, 1898. … See S. 639, P.L. 98-43 (Lebanon Emergency Assistance Act of 1983).8 Grenada.

Mootness: An Explanation of the Justiciability Doctrine

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Feb 7, 2007

One commentator has defined mootness as “the doctrine of standing set in a time frame: The requisite personal interest that must exist at the commencement of the litigation (standing) must continue throughout … The Supreme Court explained why the exception should be invoked in this instance: [W]hen, as here, pregnancy is a significant fact in the litigation, the normal 266-day human gestation period is so short

The September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks: Reauthorization of Health and Injury Compensation Programs

Congressional research report · CRS In Focus · May 13, 2015

Rescue, recovery, and clean-up operations took more than a year and involved thousands of workers. Figure 1. … injury, or death caused by exposures at sites of the attack over specified periods of time.

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces: A Brief Introduction

Congressional research report · CRS In Focus · Dec 22, 2022

for the Armed Forces (CAAF) provides the exclusive forum for those convicted at courtsmartial under the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) to appeal the decisions of the Army, Navy-Marine Corps, Air … The chief judge may call upon senior judges, with their consent, to perform judicial duties during periods when an active judge is unable to perform her duties due to illness or disability; there is a

Military Helicopter Modernization: Background and Issues for Congress

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jun 24, 2004

It may support the helicopter air-to-air and air-to-ground mission, troop transport, and search and rescue function. … Richard Cody, commented on how Army aviation is “stretched thin,” and that it would have to find “innovative ways” to address readiness and maintenance challenges.133 Has the Army (and other Services)

Veterans' Benefits: Issues in the 110th Congress

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Oct 16, 2008

The GI Bill Improvement Act of 1977 (P.L. 95-202) recognized the services of the Women’s Air Forces Service Pilots (WASPs) — a civilian group that was attached to the U.S. … Force’s Malcolm Grow Medical Center at Andrews Air Force Base.

Addressing Unruly Airline Passengers

Congressional research report · CRS In Focus · Oct 19, 2021

Language in the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-254) increased the maximum civil penalty for such violations from $25,000 to $35,000. … A more sweeping proposal involves creating a federal government list to ban individuals involved in air rage incidents from airline flights for a period of time.

FY2024 Appropriations: Potential Effects of a Government Shutdown on Illustrative Agencies, Programs, and Activities

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Nov 16, 2023

Therefore, it would not be able to accept regulatory submissions with fees during the lapse period. … other mines are to be periodically inspected, continue to conduct periodic inspections of mines.68 In addition, MSHA would continue the following activities: investigations of targeted mines, specific

FY2025 NDAA: Security Cooperation

Congressional research report · CRS Insight · Sep 30, 2024

The provision would also extend the period of availability of funds from two to three years. … Section 1536 would require the Secretary of Defense to work with Jordan to establish further air and missile defense capabilities and bolster Jordan’s participation in a multilateral integrated air and

Everglades Restoration: Federal Funding and Implementation Progress

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Oct 6, 2017

Federal funding for non-CERP activities has also continued over this period. … For more information on the Clean Water Act, see CRS Report R42752, Clean Water Act and Pollutant Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs), by (name redacted) .

Energy and Water Development: FY2013 Appropriations

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Apr 25, 2013

The Senate Appropriations Committee report commented on the Administration’s funding level but did not name a specific HMTF amount. … Most of the increase would go for joint work with DOE’s Office of Science on clean energy research and innovation.

Defense Primer: Junior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps

Congressional research report · In Focus · Mar 12, 2026

Congress established JROTC as an Army program in the National Defense Act of 1916 (P.L. 64-85), and in 1964 (P.L. 88-647) expanded it to the Navy and Air Force. Congress later authorized U.S. … Curriculum JROTC courses are taught over a three- or four-year period on topics such as leadership, ethics, civics, history, and health and wellness.

U.S.-EU Cooperation Against Terrorism

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Mar 2, 2016

for European countries opposed to armed air marshals. … on the destination of air cargo.

Climate Change: Comparison and Analysis of S. 1151 and the Draft "Climate and Economy Insurance Act of 2005"

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jul 18, 2005

CRS-2 from related air quality and energy policies are included in the decision-making process on new or modified rules. … The second is to enact a market-oriented greenhouse gas reduction program along the lines of the trading provisions of the current acid rain reduction program established by the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments

Unemployment Compensation (Insurance) and Military Service

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jun 7, 2016

The Emergency Unemployment Compensation Act of 1991 (P.L. 102164) provides that former servicemembers be treated the same as other unemployed workers with respect to benefit levels, the waiting period … The Air Force and Navy have seen a gradual decrease in personnel strength since 2001, with the Navy reducing personnel by approximately 47,000 sailors and the Air Force reducing its personnel strength

Middle East and North Africa: Implications of the Russia-Ukraine War

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jun 2, 2023

America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA; P.L. 115-44; 22 U.S.C. §§9501 et seq.). … Egyptian commentators claimed that Egypt withdrew from the international treaty due to its ineffectiveness to control global grain prices and Egypt’s ability to secure grain supplies from 149 State Department

Emergency Arms Sales to the Middle East: Context and Legislative History

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jun 7, 2019

U.S. mid-air refueling of coalition aircraft began in April 2015 and ended in November 2018. … On May 22, Saudi authorities requested that the United States promptly provide Stinger missile systems to assist in air defense operations.

Political Campaign Contributions and Congress: A Legal Primer

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Sep 8, 2020

These limits are periodically adjusted for inflation in odd-numbered years. … For discussion of the Hatch Act, see CRS In Focus IF11512, The Hatch Act: A Primer, by Whitney K. Novak.