Documents

European Union's Arms Embargo on China: Implications and Options for U.S. Policy

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jan 26, 2006

Acronyms: AAM air-to-air missile AEW airborne early warning SAM surface-to-air missile GPS Global Positioning System UAV unmanned aerial vehicle Table 1. … CRS-39 System/technology (dual-use included) Country (company) as reported source of system or technology Citations and comments Grifo air combat radar in FC-1 multi-role fighter developed in China

FDA Authority to Regulate On-Farm Activity

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Aug 14, 2008

Act. … , refrigeration, and other “on-farm prevention measures.”37 In 2005, the FDA extended the comment period for the proposed rule.38 The FDA has indicated its intent to promulgate a final version of the rule

DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Appropriations, FY2026

Congressional research report · In Focus · Jan 29, 2026

$3.287 billion in the EERE account, $1.0598 billion of which would have been a transfer of amounts previously appropriated in IIJA to carry out Section 40308, Regional Direct Air Capture Hubs. … Of this amount, $100 million is for IIJA §40314 activities, which DOE calls the Clean Hydrogen Manufacturing Recycling RD&D Program, and $150 million is being executed within MESC in the Advanced Energy

Attaching a Price to Greenhouse Gas Emissions with a Carbon Tax or Emissions Fee

Congressional research report · CRS Insight · Jul 17, 2018

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has authority under the Clean Air Act to regulate GHG as pollutants.

Contract Liability Arising from the Nuclear Waste Policy Act (NWPA) of 1982

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Feb 1, 2012

DOE chose to develop the Standard Contract through the formal notice-and-comment rulemaking process. … In his 2010 State of the Union address, the President advocated for creating new “clean energy jobs” by “building a new generation of safe, clean nuclear power plants in this country.”165 In a step toward

The Unified Command Plan and Combatant Commands: Background and Issues for Congress

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jan 3, 2013

After a period of time, these IDPs and associated comments are sent to the Deputy Director for Strategy and Policy and the Director J-5 for validation. … Congressional Research Service 7 The Unified Command Plan and Combatant Commands periodically includes provisions in annual National Defense Authorization Acts calling for DOD studies and reports on

Nuclear Weapon “Pit” Production: Options to Help Meet a Congressional Requirement

Congressional research report · CRS Report · May 14, 2015

It directed NNSA to ramp up pit production and demonstrate the capacity to produce at a rate of 80 ppy for at least a 90-day period in 2027. … Radioactive material is “at risk” if it can be acted upon by an event.

Natural Gas Markets: Overview and Policy Issues

Congressional research report · CRS Report · May 23, 2008

A tighter demand/supply balance for 2008, however, has generated more upward spot price movement in this latest period. … Given its environmental advantages, it will likely maintain an important market share in the growing electricity generation applications, along with other clean power sources.

Mens Rea Reform: A Brief Overview

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Apr 14, 2016

Clean Water Act The enforcement section of the Clean Water Act, codified at 33 U.S.C. … For instance, application of both bills to a provision of the Clean Air Act that prohibits persons from “negligently violating” the act would result in the same conclusion: the government would still have

Turkey (Türkiye): Possible U.S. Sale of F-16 Aircraft

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Sep 5, 2023

After the prescribed AECA review period has passed, Congress can also use the regular legislative process to act at any time—up to the point of final delivery—to block, condition, or otherwise influence … Turkey’s air force could face difficulties and a lengthy transition period adjusting to a non-F-16 platform.132 Possible congressional notification requirement.

Energy and Water Development: FY2007 Appropriations

Congressional research report · CRS Report · May 2, 2007

These activities were closely related to provisions of the PACE-Energy Act (S. 2197) and PACE-Education Act (S. 2198). … Predicting the effectiveness of methods to contain radioactive wastes over such long periods of time is challenging, if not impracticable in some cases.

Building Codes, Standards, and Regulations: Frequently Asked Questions

Congressional research report · Reports · Apr 23, 2025

Following the public comment hearing, eligible voters vote online on the individual changes discussed at the public comment hearing. … Congressional Research Service 31 Building Codes, Standards, and Regulations: Frequently Asked Questions rulemaking to establish enforcement procedures on December 26, 2023, with a comment period that

Defense: FY2010 Authorization and Appropriations

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Dec 23, 2009

In follow-on comments, Secretary Gates stated that advice from Combatant Commanders and the Air Force indicated “no military requirement for F-22s beyond.... 187.”114 Air Force Chief of Staff, General … Over this time period, Congress cut approximately $300 million of the $2 billion from the Navy’s R&D accounts for the VH71.125 Secretary Gates also recommended terminating the Air Force Combat Search and

Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad, 1798-2009

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jan 27, 2010

Naval units raided the slave traffic pursuant to the 1819 act of Congress. 1822 Cuba. … U.S. troops were ordered into Cambodia to clean out Communist sanctuaries from which Viet Cong and North Vietnamese attacked U.S. and South Vietnamese forces in Vietnam.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Appropriations: FY2020 President’s Budget Request

Congressional research report · CRS In Focus · Sep 6, 2019

, FY2019 (P.L. 116-6), and the Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2019. … Congress does not set EPA staffing levels in annual appropriations acts.

Science and Technology Issues for the 119th Congress

Congressional research report · Reports · Apr 2, 2026

The Clean Cloud Act of 2025 (H.R. 6179/S. 1475) would require the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency to collect information on certain data centers, including their locations, owners, … and air quality concerns.

Recruiting and Retention: An Overview of FY2013 and FY2014 Results for Active and Reserve Component Enlisted Personnel

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jun 26, 2015

The Air Force’s HSDG metric remained at 99% between FY2004 and FY2007, while its AFQT metric dropped from 82% to 79%. Neither service allowed in any Category IV personnel during this period. … To paraphrase the comments of a former Chief of Staff of the Army, you can reduce force structure quickly, but it takes time to re-grow quality soldiers and leaders.45 Options for Congress Congress exercises

Terrible, No Good, Very Bad Ways of Funding Government: Exploring the Cost to Taxpayers of Spending Uncertainty Caused by Governing Through Continuing Resolutions, Giant Omnibus Spending Bills, and Shutdown Crises

Congressional research report · CRS Report Type TE · Feb 6, 2018

Brass. 24 The Antideficiency Act (31 U.S.C. §§1341-1342, 1511-1519) requires the President to “apportion,” in writing, an executive agency’s appropriation by specific time periods, activity, or a combination … Some commentators, however, have expressed a contrary view. See Jim Schweiter and Herb Fenster, Government Contract Funding under Continuing Resolutions, 95 Fed. Cont.

Electricity Transmission Cost Allocation

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Dec 18, 2012

In return the participants will receive back their investment via payments made by the utilities over a period of up to 20 years. … During the 111th Congress, the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources reported out of committee S. 1462, the American Clean Energy Leadership Act.

Defense: FY2011 Authorization and Appropriations

Congressional research report · CRS Report · May 17, 2011

Under this plan, the winning contractor would build 10 LCSs over the fiveyear period FY2010-FY2014, at a rate of two ships per year. … and Missile Defense 251.1 251.1 251.2 0203801A Missile/Air Defense Product Improvement Program 24.3 24.3 24.3 0102419A Aerostat Joint Program Office (JLENS) 372.5 372.5 372.5 Comments PE