Documents

Budget Enforcement for FY2002: An Overview of Procedural Developments

Congressional research report · CRS Report · May 23, 2002

After the September 11 terrorist attacks on the United States, Congress and the President enacted the Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act into law (P.L. 107-42), incurring over $1 billion … in net costs to compensate air carriers for losses due to the attacks and for related purposes.

Syria: Transition and U.S. Policy

Congressional research report · Reports · Feb 26, 2026

Israel has acted to destroy advanced conventional weapons and military air defense and air domain awareness systems across Syria since December 2024, citing potential risks to Israel’s security.75 Drug … Congress extended the sunset of the Caesar Act through December 2029 in the FY2025 National Defense Authorization Act. 93 FINCEN, “Exception to Prohibition Imposed by Section 311 of the USA PATRIOT Act

Filling U.S. Senate Vacancies: Perspectives and Contemporary Developments

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jul 16, 2013

without reaching approval, while the Senate continued to insist on its version.50 Almost a year passed before the House receded from its version and accepted the amendment as passed by the Senate.51 The “clean … Legislative Proposal: H.R. 899, The Ethical and Legal Elections for Congressional Transitions Act H.R. 899, the Ethical and Legal Elections for Congressional Transitions Act, was introduced by Representative

Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Apr 24, 2013

Periodic programs received $117.7 million (-15.6%) less than the requested $752.7 million. … When the rescission in H.R. 933, Division G, Section 3001(b)(1)(B), and the rescission calculated by OMB per Section 3004 of the act are taken into account, the direct appropriation for periodic programs

Can the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation Be Restored to Financial Health?

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Dec 16, 2004

Graney for further information. 2 UAL Corporation’s (parent of United Airlines) 10-Q filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2004; “US Air Asks … Employees are provided periodic statements of amounts accumulated in their accounts, as for a defined contribution pension plan.

Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Emergency Management and Homeland Security Statutory Authorities Summarized

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Apr 2, 2004

Disaster Price Freeze Act. … The Administrative Leave for Disaster Service Volunteers Act provides agency employees who are Red Cross volunteers with administrative leave, up to a 15 day maximum in a 12 month period, without loss

Online Video Distributors and the Current Statutory and Regulatory Framework: Issues for Congress

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jan 14, 2013

Those households tend not to maintain rooftop antennas and as a result many of them cannot receive broadcast signals over the air. … Section 302 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 Open Video Systems Second Order on Recon., 11 FCC Rcd 20227, 20301 (1996)). 97 As noted supra note 76, this assertion has been questioned in comments

DOD Cost Overruns and The Nunn-McCurdy Act

Congressional research report · In Focus · Jun 12, 2025

June 12, 2025 DOD Cost Overruns and The Nunn-McCurdy Act Since the U.S. … The FY2009 Weapon Systems Acquisition Reform Act (WSARA) (P.L. 111-23) included updates to portions of Title 10 associated with the Nunn-McCurdy Act.

War Powers Issues: U.S. Use of Military Force Against Iran

Congressional research report · Insight · Jun 23, 2025

In connection with the intensified Israel-Iran conflict, U.S. air and naval forces at President Trump’s direction struck Iranian nuclear facilities on June 21. … Members of Congress have questioned the President’s authority to use military force against Iran, asserted Congress’s constitutional role in such decisions, and criticized the President’s decision to act

Fertilizer Transportation: In Brief

Congressional research report · Reports · Sep 4, 2026

Sulfuric acid is also used to keep drip irrigation pipes clean. 12 TFI, “Rail,” https://www.tfi.org/advocacy/our-issues/transportation/rail/. 13 U.S. … Therefore, Jones Act carriers typically do not serve foreign markets during down periods 45 TFI, “Rail.” 46 STB, “Reciprocal Switching for Inadequate Service,” 89 Federal Register 38646, May 7, 2024;

Direct Overt U.S. Aid Appropriations for and Military Reimbursements to Pakistan, FY2002-FY2020

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Mar 12, 2019

P.L.480 Title I (loans), P.L.480 Title II (grants), and Section 416(b) of the Agricultural Act of 1949, as amended (surplus agricultural commodity donations). … The FY2013 NDAA disallowed reimbursements to Pakistan for the period of FY2012 during which the U.S. military’s ground and air lines of communication across and over Pakistan to Afghanistan were closed

The Commercial Space Industry and Launch Market

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Apr 20, 2012

During the post-Cold War period, numerous mergers resulted in industry consolidation, with fewer firms spanning multiple sectors. … Air Force, the NRO, and NASA.17 In particular, the Air Force has announced that the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) program, a Department of Defense program that dates back to 1995, will reserve

Nuclear Arms Control: The U.S.-Russian Agenda

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Apr 19, 2006

However, it again delayed consideration after U.S. and British air strikes on Iraq in mid-December. … This debate was canceled after NATO forces began their air campaign in Yugoslavia.

The Copyright Royalty and Distribution Reform Act of 2004

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Dec 16, 2004

But the CARP process became the subject of congressional hearings during which substantial criticism of the process was aired.11 3 17 U.S.C. §§ 111, 119, 122. 4 17 U.S.C. § 112, 114. 5 For background … A three-month period for voluntary negotiations will be instituted after the date for filing of petitions to participate in a proceeding.

Defense: FY2015 Authorization and Appropriations

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jan 28, 2015

FY2010 was the peak level for the two services during the period of operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. … However, it would have added to the budget a total of $325.7 million in the military personnel and O&M accounts of the Air Force, Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard to continue operating the full

An Analysis of No Surprises Act (NSA) Independent Dispute Resolution (IDR) Emergency Service Outcomes Relative to InNetwork Rates

Congressional research report · Reports · Feb 10, 2026

arrangement) on a publicly accessible website for each offered plan, make the files available free of charge and without conditions, and update them monthly.26 Some private vendors have emerged to aggregate, clean … First, the PUF Files and the Transparency Data are from different time periods. The PUF Files are for disputes resolved during the first half of 2024 and include services provided in 2022 and 2023.

Transportation, the Treasury, Housing and Urban Development, the Judiciary, the District of Columbia, the Executive Office of the President, and Independent Agencies (TTHUD): FY2007 Appropriations

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jun 4, 2007

Table 3 shows funding trends over the five-year period FY2002-FY2006, and the amounts requested for FY2007, for the titles in the bill. … was expected to reduce air service to rural areas.

Former Presidents: Pensions, Office Allowances, and Other Federal Benefits

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Mar 16, 2016

Headquarters of the Departments of the Army, the Navy, the Air Force, and the Treasury, “State, Official, and Special Military Funerals,” pp. 57-58; and U.S. … Retirement Period of Former Presidents After Leaving Office Retirement Period President Date Left Office Date of Death Days Years George Washington March 4, 1797 December 14, 1799 1,015 2.78

Argentina’s Post-Crisis Economic Reform: Challenges for U.S. Policy

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Apr 15, 2013

As one long-time historian of Argentina commented on its economic status in the 19th century, “Prosperity based on good harvests and strong overseas markets obscured a dangerous vulnerability,” namely, … For example, the Argentine government imposed wheat quotas in 2006, adjusting the level periodically to meet domestic needs.

Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania: Background and U.S.-Baltic Relations

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jan 7, 2025

In 2023, for example, the United States approved Foreign Military Sales to Lithuania of Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missiles (AMRAAM) for use with the National Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System … Estonia experienced the largest DDoS attack in its history in March 2024.84 Vandalism and Acts of Violence.