Documents

The U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service: Overview and Reform Proposals

Congressional research report · Reports · Apr 15, 2026

Reform Considerations from the Private Sector In 2023, ITA sought public comments from the business community over a 30-day period about how the USFCS could modernize and improve its services.28 Congress … Given broad changes in U.S. trade policy and the global economy since 2023, Congress also could direct the USFCS to hold another public comment period, as well as hold hearings itself with private sector

Paying for Drinking Water: Background and Issues for Congress

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Nov 19, 2024

Water and Drinking Water Infrastructure Gap Analysis. 18 EPA, The Clean Water and Drinking Water Infrastructure Gap Analysis. … For example, America’s Water Infrastructure Act of 2018 (AWIA; P.L. 115-270) amended SDWA DWSRF provisions to extend the loan repayment period for disadvantaged communities from 20 years to 35 years, which

Navy Network-Centric Warfare Concept: Key Programs and Issues for Congress

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Apr 12, 2007

version of the ship-based Standard air defense missile (both now in development) to expand the Navy’s networked air-defense capabilities out to the full range of the SM-6 missile. … seats, which represents a significant drop from the previous 9month period.

Estimates of Carbon Mitigation Potential from Agricultural and Forestry Activities

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jan 26, 2010

Following a period of declines in crop acres from the mid-1990s through 2005, USDA data show that acreage devoted to principal crops increased by 3% from 2006 through 2008. 36 During this same period, … In fact, farm income reached record highs during this period.

The 15% Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jan 19, 2023

For a calendar year taxpayer, that period comprises 2020, 2021, and 2022. … Gravelle et al. 8 See Kat Lucero “Sale Of Clean Energy Credits Could Trigger Corp.

U.S.-EU Trade Relations

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jun 3, 2022

The proposed Data Act, published February 23, 2022, and Data Governance Act (DGA), provisionally agreed to by the European Council and Parliament in May 2022, aim to increase voluntary and mandatory data … -EU ties, some commentators have called for the United States and the EU to renew efforts to negotiate a bilateral trade deal.148 Multilateral Cooperation and Frictions In the post-World War II period

Aviation Taxes and the Airport and Airway Trust Fund

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Aug 12, 1997

The reauthorization period in the Act was specifically chosen to insure that the tax issue would have to be taken up prior to the beginning of FY1998. … of 1997 S. 949, Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1997 P.L. 105-34, Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 no comparable provision payments to airlines for right to award free or reduced rate air transportation

FY2016 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Issues

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Dec 17, 2015

Reserve (-358 or -0.9%) have been largely unchanged during this period. … The proposed increases as follows: Navy Reserve (+100), Air National Guard (+500), Air Force Reserve (+2,100).

Spectrum Policy in the Age of Broadband: Issues for Congress

Congressional research report · CRS Report · May 28, 2013

The legislation that first authorized the FCC to establish “competitive bidding systems”6 for a limited period was included in the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 (P.L. 103-66). … service to over-the-air TV viewers.

Tax Credit Bonds: Overview and Analysis

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Apr 1, 2021

Clean renewable energy bonds (CREBs) were created by the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (P.L. 109-58), and were later modified as “new” CREBs in the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343 … Clean Renewable Energy Bonds (CREBs) are designated for clean renewable energy projects.

Potential F-22 Raptor Export to Japan

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Mar 11, 2009

Several joint facilities are planned, including an air operations coordination center at Yokota Air Base, to be operational by 2010. … For this reason, some U.S. and Japanese commentators have supported the sale of F-22s to Japan as necessary to maintain the “Taiwan balance.”

FY2017 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Issues

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jan 23, 2017

Congressional Research Service 2 FY2017 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Issues attributed to the reductions in Navy Reserve strength during this period. … Congress periodically reviews and revises the number, duties, and compensation of GFOs. 40 In the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps, they include the grades of brigadier general, major general, lieutenant

Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF): Overview, Issues, and Legislation

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Oct 2, 2018

bill that includes SDWA, the Clean Water Act (CWA) and WIFIA SRF provisions. … (H.R. 6818, the Clean Water Infrastructure Act, parallels many of the above provisions.)

Defense Funding in the 2025 Reconciliation Law (H.R. 1; P.L. 119-21, Title II)

Congressional research report · Insight · Jul 24, 2025

In general, the legislation provided funding for shipbuilding, air and missile defenses, munitions and supply chains, and other military capabilities. … provisions differ in key respects from the legislative language of past annual appropriations acts.

Redeploying U.S. Nuclear Weapons to South Korea: Background and Implications in Brief

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Sep 14, 2017

Nuclear Weapons to South Korea: Background and Implications in Brief will act to meet the common danger. … The United States also employs other strategic assets to demonstrate its commitment to South Korea’s defense; it rotates B-1, B-2 and B-52 bombers through Andersen Air Force Base in Guam and periodically

Service-Contingent Federal Student Loan Forgiveness and Loan Repayment Programs

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jan 29, 2024

$65,000 Air Force: $15 million repaid in FY2023 https://www.af.mil/ News/Article-Display/ Article/3325584/airforce-securesadditional-funding-forrecruitmentincentive-programs/ Air Force Judge Advocate … The STRONG Veterans Act of 2022 (Division V of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-328)) requires that beginning in FY2022, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs provide at least 200 program

The Davis-Bacon Act: 2022 Proposed Rule

Congressional research report · CRS In Focus · Aug 16, 2022

These laws, described as Davis-Bacon related acts (DBRA) because of their prevailing wage requirements, involve construction in areas such as transportation, housing, air and water pollution reduction, … The comment period for the NPRM closed on May 17, 2022.

Appropriations for FY2002: Military Construction

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Apr 23, 2002

Act of 1990, and current program authorizations. … , by (name redacted). 7 Defense Appropriation Act for FY2000 (P.L. 106-79) and Military Construction Appropriations Act for FY2001 (P.L. 106-246). 8 9 This is often referred to as “sell and lease back

Public Access to Data from Federally Funded Research: Provisions in OMB Circular A-110

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Mar 1, 2013

Typical comment periods for regulations are 30, 60, or 90 working days, although longer periods may be provided for complex rules.90 In most cases, an agency would be required under FOIA to notify the … There is no uniform statutory requirement for the length of a comment period, although statutes may stipulate periods in specific cases.

Army Drawdown and Restructuring: Background and Issues for Congress

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Feb 28, 2014

and may be eligible to transfer to the Air National Guard or Air Force Reserve but their Active Duty careers have ended. 74 The Wall Street Journal, “Air Force Is Following Congress’s Mandate, as It … Air Force until July 26, 1947, with the enactment of the National Security Act of 1947, P.L. 80-235). The vast majority of servicemembers in the Army during World War II were draftees.