Rule 2:103. Objections and Proffers

(a) Admission or exclusion of evidence. Error may not be predicated upon admission or

exclusion of evidence, unless:

(1) As to evidence admitted, a contemporaneous objection is stated with reasonable

certainty as required in Rule 5:25 and 5A:18 or in any continuing objection on the record to a

related series of questions, answers or exhibits if permitted by the trial court in order to avoid

the necessity of repetitious objections; or

(2) As to evidence excluded, the substance of the evidence was made known to the court

by proffer.

(b) Hearing of jury. In jury cases, proceedings will be conducted so as to prevent

inadmissible evidence from being made known to the jury.

Last amended by Order dated May 26, 2023; effective immediately.

PART TWO

VIRGINIA RULES OF EVIDENCE

ARTICLE I. GENERAL PROVISIONS