Documents

Commercial Space Launch and Reentry Regulations: Overview and Select Issues

Congressional research report · Reports · Jun 23, 2025

In response to industry requests, the FAA extended the comment period twice to allow stakeholders additional time for review and comment.86 Some stakeholders in the commercial space industry thought the … Period Again for Revised Launch Licensing Rules,” SpaceNews, July 17, 2019, https://spacenews.com/faa-to-extend-comment-period-again-for-revised-launch-licensing-rules/. 87 Jeff Foust, “Industry Seeks

Women in the Armed Forces

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Sep 29, 1998

The Armed Forces Integration Act of 1948 (62 Stat. 356-75) had given women a permanent place in the military services by authorizing women in the regular Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps. … In 1991, the Defense Authorization Act for FY1992 and FY1993 repealed the limitations on assignment of females to combat aircraft in both the Air Force and Navy.

U.S. Strategic Bombers

Congressional research report · In Focus · Jul 31, 2026

Bombers carry heavy ordnance loads across long distances, for extended periods of time, to strike adversary targets of tactical and strategic importance. … Section 1626 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (NDAA; P.L. 118-159) permitted the Air Force to reconvert for nuclear missions B-52 bombers modified for conventional-only missions

Congressional Use of Funding Cutoffs Since 1970 Involving U.S. Military Forces and Overseas Deployments

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jan 16, 2007

It is also important to note that beginning in August 1990, following the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, President Bush over a period of months deployed a substantial number of U.S. military personnel to Saudi … On October 2, 2000, the United States Supreme Court, without comment, refused to hear ˜—›Žœœ’˜—Š•ȱŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱŽ›Ÿ’ŒŽȱ Śȱ ˜—›Žœœ’˜—Š•ȱœŽȱ˜ȱž—’—ȱž˜œȱ’—ŒŽȱŗşŝŖȱ —Ÿ˜•Ÿ’—ȱǯǯȱ’•’Š›¢ȱ˜›ŒŽ

“Black Boxes” in Passenger Vehicles: Policy Issues

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jul 22, 2014

NHTSA had earlier asked for and received public comments on EDRs (Docket No. NHTSA02-13546) on October 11, 2002. … NHTSA is still evaluating over a thousand comments and has not issued a final regulation.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Water Infrastructure Programs and FY2021 Appropriations

Congressional research report · CRS In Focus · Jan 11, 2021

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), including the Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) and the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF). … State Revolving Fund Programs The Clean Water Act (CWA) and the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) authorize complementary financial assistance programs to help publicly owned treatment works and public water

Understanding Federal Legislation: A Section-by-Section Guide to Key Legal Considerations

Congressional research report · CRS Report · May 19, 2022

Friedman, Comment: Inseverability Clauses in Statutes, 64 U. CHI. L. … Cir. 2011) (holding that statutes authorizing the Air Force’s expenditure of appropriated funds for civilian employee uniforms or uniform allowances did not authorize expenditures for uniform cleaning

Recent Responses to COVID-19 by the Judicial Conference of the United States, Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, and Select Courts Within the Federal Judiciary (July 2020)

Congressional research report · CRS Insight · Jul 21, 2020

Congress previously appropriated $7.5 million in the CARES Act for the federal judiciary to address its initial response to the pandemic. … Congress according to the process outlined in the Rules Enabling Act.”

India-U.S. Security Relations: Current Engagement

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Nov 13, 2012

Although the respective armies and air forces hold regular dialogues and conduct periodic exercises, it appears that the strategic and logistical thresholds for securing closer cooperation in the air and … One Indian army colonel reportedly commented that his forces “had learned a lot about the U.S.

Department of Defense Facilities Energy Conservation Policies and Spending

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Feb 19, 2009

Given the lack of rules, comparatively high funding level, and short obligation period, Congress may wish to consider whether DOD may act effectively on the provisions. … Clean, Reliable, Efficient and Secure Energy Act of 2007.

Bangladesh Apparel Factory Collapse: Background in Brief

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Feb 6, 2014

Trade Representative Michael Froman Comments on President’s Decision to Suspend GSP Benefits for Bangladesh,” June 2013. … Data indicated that the Army-Air Force Exchange, a military retailer, imported 124,000 pounds of garments from several factories in Bangladesh.

Energy and Water Development: FY2027 Appropriations

Congressional research report · Reports · Jun 23, 2026

Air Force this B61 variant, intended for strikes on harder and larger-area military targets. H.R. 9022 proposed to fund the program as requested. … The Air Force plans to deploy the W87-1 on the Sentinel intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM).

The Department of Energy’s Appliance and Equipment Standards Program: Prioritization Options for Addressing the Rulemaking Backlog

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Oct 7, 2022

CUAC/CUHP = air-cooled commercial unitary air conditioners and heat pumps. … conditioning and commercial central air conditioning.

Arming Pilots Against Terrorism: Implementation Issues for the Federal Flight Deck Officer Program

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jan 9, 2004

them to carry firearms and use force, including lethal force, to defend the flight deck against acts of criminal violence or air piracy. … Proponents for arming pilots voiced concerns that the legislative language of the Arming Pilots Against Terrorism Act did not include all air carrier pilots.

Federal Contract Labor Standards Statutes: An Overview

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Dec 4, 2007

Much of what is asserted with respect to this period appears to be anecdotal. … Kingston, “The Service Contract Act of 1965: A Review,” in The Air Force Law Review, vol. 20, no. 3 (1978), p. 288. 76 See Thieblot, Prevailing Wage Legislation, pp. 229-270; and Joseph E.

Federally Supported Projects and Programs for Wastewater, Drinking Water, and Water Supply Infrastructure

Congressional research report · Reports · Aug 12, 2026

See EPA, Clean Watersheds Needs Survey 2012, 2016, https://www.epa.gov/ cwns/clean-watersheds-needs-survey-cwns-past-reports-and-data. … See EPA, 2022 Clean Watersheds Needs Survey, 2024, https://www.epa.gov/cwns/ clean-watersheds-needs-survey-cwns-2022-report-and-data.

Public Access to Data From Federally Funded Research: OMB Circular A-110 and Issues for Congress

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Nov 18, 1999

Some say that those who use FOIA to obtain data to comment on a proposed regulation may not obtain the data quickly enough to do so.78 Typical comment periods for regulations are 30, 60, or 90 working … There is no uniform statutory requirement for the length of a comment period, although statutes may stipulate periods in specific cases.

The Position of Secretary of Defense: Statutory Restrictions and Civilian-Military Relations

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jan 6, 2021

In 2007, Section 903 of the FY2008 National Defense Authorization Act (P.L. 110-181), Congress changed the period of time that must elapse between relief from active duty and appointment to the position … Air Force as a separate and distinct military service branch through the National Security Act of 1947, Arnold’s rank and grade as a five-star General of the Army was re-designated, making him the first

Vision 100: Historical Review of the Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act (P.L. 108-176)

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jul 28, 2004

The Senate proposal for FAA reauthorization, the Aviation Investment and Revitalization Vision Act (AIR-V, S. 824) proposed a threeyear reauthorization for FY2004-FY2006 totaling $43.5 billion. … paid for EAS service in the most recent 12-month period.

Public Transportation and Amtrak Funding in the CARES Act (P.L. 116-136)

Congressional research report · CRS Insight · Mar 30, 2020

APTA’s estimate included $7.65 billion in lost fare revenue, $6.25 billion in lost sales tax revenue, and $2.1 billion for increased costs such as extra cleaning of vehicles and facilities. … Amtrak Funding Over the first four months of FY2020, Amtrak ridership was up nearly 4% over the equivalent period a year prior, along with a 3.4% increase in revenue per available seat-mile, and a 2.2%