Energy and Water Development: FY2027 Appropriations
Congressional research reportJun 23, 2026
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Energy and Water Development:
FY2027 Appropriations
Updated June 23, 2026
Congressional Research Service
https://crsreports.congress.gov
R48944
SUMMARY
R48944
Energy and Water Development:
FY2027 Appropriations
June 23, 2026
The Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies appropriations (E&W) bill funds civil
works activities of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in the Department of Defense;
the Department of the Interior’s Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) and Central Utah Project
(CUP); the Department of Energy (DOE); the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC); the
Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC); and several other independent agencies. DOE
typically accounts for about 80% of the bill’s funding.
Mark Holt
Specialist in Energy Policy
Anna E. Normand
Specialist in Natural
Resources Policy
Overall Funding Totals
President Donald Trump submitted his FY2027 budget request on April 3, 2026. The request
included $62.688 billion in discretionary appropriations (excluding transfers) for energy and water development agencies, an
increase of $957 million (2%) above the FY2026 enacted amount, excluding adjustments. The E&W budget request for
FY2027 also included $4.700 billion from unobligated appropriations that would be transferred from the Infrastructure
Investment and Jobs Act (P.L. 117-58). The House Appropriations Committee approved an FY2027 E&W bill (H.R. 9022;
H.Rept. 119-667) on April 22, 2026. The Committee recommended $62.499 billion, excluding offsets, an increase of $768
million (1%) from the FY2026 enacted amount.
Energy and Water Development Appropriations, FY2026 and FY2027 Actions
(in millions of nominal dollars and % change from FY2026 enacted)
FY2026
Enacted
FY2027
Request
(% Change)
FY2027
House Com.
(% Change)
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
10,435
6,663 (-36%)
9,775 (-6%)
Bureau of Reclamation/CUP
1,650
1,292 (-22%)
1,861 (13%)
Department of Energy
49,124
54,522 (11%)
50,359 (3%)
Independent Agencies
522
222 (-57%)
505 (-3%)
Total Appropriations
61,731
62,688 (2%)
62,499 (1%)
Rescissions and Offsets
-3,692
-19,903
-3,999
Adjusted Total
58,039
42,796 (-26%)
58,500 (1%)
Agency
Sources: H.Rept. 119-667, P.L. 119-74, and related H.R. 6938 explanatory statement.
Notes: Enacted amounts do not include supplemental or reconciliation appropriations. Department of Energy FY2027 request
includes $10.7 million for cancellation of loan commitment authority and a $101 million rescission. CUP = Central Utah Project.
Selected Key Issues
Zero Funding Request for Wind, Solar, and Hydrogen Research and Development (R&D). No appropriations were
requested by DOE or recommended by the House E&W Committee for FY2027 for Wind, Solar, and Hydrogen R&D, which
received $480 million in FY2026.
Proposed Elimination of Federal Regional Commissions and Authorities (FRCAs). All but one of the federal regional
commissions and authorities would be terminated by the FY2027 request; the Appalachian Regional Commission annual
appropriation would be reduced from $200 million in FY2026 to $120 million in FY2027 (-40%). Eight of the FRCAs each
received from $1 million to $200 million in annual appropriations in FY2026. The House committee bill (H.R. 9022) would
provide appropriations to seven of the FRCAs at the same level of funding that was provided in FY2026 and none for the
eighth.
Requested Increase for National Nuclear Security Administration. The FY2027 request for the National Nuclear Security
Administration (NNSA) was $7.398 billion (29%) over the FY2026 enacted amount of $25.404 billion, while the House
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Energy and Water Development: FY2027 Appropriations
committee recommended a 7% increase from FY2026, to $27.072 billion. NNSA is a semiautonomous DOE agency
responsible for nuclear warheads, nuclear weapons nonproliferation, and naval reactor R&D.
USACE Account Reorganization. The budget request proposed a 36% cut to USACE and a new District Salaries and
Expenses account. This account would fund the salaries of USACE district and field office employees, plus other operational
costs, separately from direct study and project costs, which would be funded in traditional study and project accounts. The
House committee bill would fund USACE study and project work under the traditional account structure, and the explanatory
statement would direct USACE to report additional information justifying a District S&E account.
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Contents
Introduction and Overview .............................................................................................................. 1
Administration Request ............................................................................................................. 2
DOE .................................................................................................................................... 3
USACE and Reclamation ................................................................................................... 4
Independent Agencies ......................................................................................................... 4
House Appropriations Committee ............................................................................................. 5
Department of Energy ......................................................................................................... 5
USACE and Reclamation ................................................................................................... 5
Independent Agencies ......................................................................................................... 6
FY2027 Budgetary Limits......................................................................................................... 6
Key Funding Issues and Initiatives.................................................................................................. 6
Congressionally Directed Funding ............................................................................................ 6
Cancellation and Transfer of IIJA and IRA Appropriations ...................................................... 8
Proposed USACE District Salaries and Expenses Account ...................................................... 8
Proposed Reductions for Wind, Solar, and Conservation ......................................................... 9
New Request for Baseload Power Production ........................................................................ 10
Proposed Nuclear Reactor Demonstration Funding Transfer .................................................. 10
Proposals to Sell Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve ......................................................... 10
Proposed Reductions in DOE Office of Science and ARPA-E, and Other Changes ................11
More Funding Requested for NNSA Weapons Activities, Less for Certain
Nonproliferation Programs .................................................................................................. 13
Cleanup of Former Nuclear Sites: Adequacy of Proposed Funding ....................................... 15
Proposed Elimination and Reductions at Federal Regional Commissions and
Authorities............................................................................................................................ 16
FY2027 Budget Request and Recent Annual Appropriations by Account .................................... 18
Agency Budget Justifications .................................................................................................. 19
Congressional Hearings ................................................................................................................. 24
House Appropriations Committee Hearings ........................................................................... 24
Senate Appropriations Committee Hearings ........................................................................... 25
Key Policy Staff ...................................................................................................................... 25
Figures
Figure 1. Major Components of Energy and Water Development Appropriations Bills:
FY2025 and FY2026 Enacted, and FY2026 and FY2027 Budget Request ................................. 2
Figure 2. Energy and Water Development CPF/CDS Total Enacted Funding from FY2022
Through FY2026 and FY2027 House Appropriations Report ..................................................... 7
Tables
Table 1. Energy and Water Development Funding by Title: FY2025-FY2027 Actions ................ 18
Table 2. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Funding: FY2025-FY2027 Actions ............................... 20
Table 3. Bureau of Reclamation and CUP Funding: FY2025-FY2027 Actions ............................ 21
Table 4. Department of Energy Funding: FY2025-FY2027 Actions............................................. 21
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Energy and Water Development: FY2027 Appropriations
Table 5. E&W Independent Agency Funding: FY2025-FY2027 Actions ..................................... 23
Table 6. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Funding Categories: FY2025-FY2027 Actions ......... 24
Contacts
Author Information........................................................................................................................ 26
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Energy and Water Development: FY2027 Appropriations
Introduction and Overview
Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies appropriations (E&W) bills typically
include funding for civil works activities of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in the
Department of Defense (currently using the secondary title Department of War), in Title I; the
Department of the Interior’s Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) and Central Utah Project
(CUP), in Title II; the Department of Energy (DOE), in Title III; and a number of independent
agencies, including the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and the Appalachian Regional
Commission (ARC), in Title IV.
President Donald Trump submitted his FY2027 budget request on April 3, 2026.1 The request
included $62.789 billion (plus a $101 million rescission) in discretionary appropriations for
energy and water development agencies.2 The FY2027 budget request for E&W agencies would
be an increase of $1.058 billion (2%) above the FY2026 enacted amount, excluding emergency
appropriations, mandatory appropriations, rescissions, transfers, offsets, and adjustments. The
President’s original E&W budget request for FY2027 also included $4.700 billion from
unobligated appropriations that would be transferred from the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs
Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58). These transfers were subsequently excluded from the House committee
report’s calculation of the President’s request.
The House Appropriations Committee approved an FY2027 E&W bill (H.R. 9022; H.Rept. 119667) on April 22, 2026. The Committee recommended $62.499 billion, excluding offsets, an
increase of $768 million (1%) from the FY2026 enacted amount. Figure 1 compares the major
components of the E&W budget request for FY2027 and FY2026, E&W enacted annual
appropriations for FY2025 and FY2026, and as proposed by the FY2027 House Appropriations
Committee bill.
1 Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the U.S. Government Appendix, Fiscal Year 2027, April 2026,
https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/appendix_fy2027.pdf; Department of Energy (DOE), “FY
2027 Budget Justification,” April 3, 2026, https://www.energy.gov/cfo/articles/fy-2027-budget-justification. For
additional details, see references in Agency Budget Justifications section.
2 FY2027 E&W numbers for the President’s budget request and recommended by the House Appropriations Committee
are taken from the Committee’s FY2027 E&W bill report, H.Rept. 119-667. The Committee report does not include
$4.700 billion in the President’s request that would be transferred from the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
(IIJA; P.L. 117-58).
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Figure 1. Major Components of Energy and Water Development Appropriations
Bills: FY2025 and FY2026 Enacted, and FY2026 and FY2027 Budget Request
(nominal dollars)
Sources: H.Rept. 119-667; President’s FY2027 Budget; Agency budget justifications; P.L. 119-74 and H.R. 6938
explanatory statement, https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2026/01/08/172/5/CREC-2026-01-08-bk3.pdf.
Notes: Amounts do not include supplemental appropriations or adjustments, offsets, and rescissions.
CUP = Central Utah Project.
The Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026, was signed
into law January 23, 2026, as Division B of the Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water
Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026 (P.L. 119-74; H.R. 6938).
It provided $61.731 billion for E&W agencies, not including rescissions, supplementals, and
scorekeeping adjustments. That total is about 1% higher than the comparable appropriation for
FY2025. In the 119th Congress, the FY2025 budget reconciliation measure signed into law on
July 4, 2025 (P.L. 119-21), rescinded unobligated DOE advance funding provided by the Inflation
Reduction Act (IRA; P.L. 117-169 ) for specified programs and included supplemental
appropriations for Reclamation, DOE defense and loan programs, and the Strategic Petroleum
Reserve.
Administration Request
Under the Administration’s FY2027 request, DOE discretionary appropriations would increase by
$5.397 billion (11%) from the FY2026 level, to $54.522 billion (excluding $4.700 billion from
unobligated appropriations that would be transferred from IIJA). The request included a proposed
$7.063 billion (35%) increase for nuclear weapons activities. The request would cancel $15.247
billion in unobligated balances of DOE appropriations provided by the IIJA.3 USACE funding
would be reduced by $3.772 billion (-36%), to $6.663 billion, and Reclamation and CUP funding
would decline by $358 million (-22%), to $1.292 billion.4 Appropriations for independent
3 Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the U.S. Government Appendix, Fiscal Year 2027, April 2026, p. 424,
https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/appendix_fy2027.pdf.
4 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Fiscal Year 2027 Civil Works Budget of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
https://www.usace.army.mil/Missions/Civil-Works/Budget/#Budget%20Information; Bureau of Reclamation
(Reclamation) and Central Utah Project (CUP) FY2027 budget justifications are available at, Department of the Interior
(DOI), “Fiscal Year 2027,” https://www.doi.gov/budget/appropriations/2027.
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agencies in the bill would be reduced by $209 million (-40%), to $312 million, including
rescissions of previous appropriations. These totals generally exclude adjustments and offsets.5
DOE
DOE’s major program areas include energy, science, defense, and environmental management.
The Trump Administration reorganized the former offices of Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy (EERE) and Fossil Fuels into the Office of Critical Minerals and Energy Innovation
(CMEI) and the Office of Hydrocarbons and Geothermal Energy (HGE). For CMEI, the request
proposed to reduce FY2027 comparable funding from $1.883 billion in FY2026 to $1.122 billion
in FY2027, a reduction of $762 million (-40%). HGE would be comparably increased from $647
million to $676 million (4%). Within CMEI, no appropriations were requested in FY2027 under
Integrated Energy Systems for wind and solar R&D, down from $320 million in FY2026. Zero
funding was also requested for two other elements of the CMEI appropriations account: the
Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP), which received $25 million in FY2026, and the
Office of State and Community Energy Programs (SCEP), which provides low-income
weatherization and state planning grants and received $435 million in FY2026.
A new $3.500 billion appropriations account for Baseload Power, to be funded with proposed
transfers of IIJA unobligated balances, would be used by various DOE offices to provide firm
baseload electricity—generated by coal, natural gas, geothermal, nuclear, and hydropower. The
initiative was intended to prevent what the request said was the planned retirement of about 9
gigawatts of baseload capacity and provide 9 gigawatts to 13 gigawatts of power plant upgrades
and new capacity. The proposed transfer for Baseload Power was not included in the President’s
request as calculated by the House Appropriations Committee.
Funding for DOE’s Office of Science in FY2027 was proposed to decrease by $1.111 billion
(-13%) to $7.139 billion from the FY2026 enacted amount of $8.250 billion. Basic Energy
Sciences would receive $2.146 billion, a reduction of over $500 million from FY2026 enacted
levels. Biological and Environmental Research (BER) would see a reduction in funding from
$854 million to $396 million (-54%).6 Particularly, no FY2027 funding was requested for BER
research in environmental system sciences and atmospheric system research. The Atmospheric
Radiation Measurement User Facility would not be funded in FY2027. Those eliminations were
also proposed for FY2026 but not enacted.
The Administration requested $200 million in FY2027 for the Advanced Research Projects
Agency–Energy (ARPA-E), which supports research on technologies it considers high-risk but
potentially transformative. This would be a reduction of $150 million (-43%) from $350 million
enacted for FY2026. The request included $1.200 billion for a new Office of Artificial
Intelligence and Quantum (AIQ), which is to oversee the Genesis Mission to create an integrated
research platform of “the world’s best supercomputers, experimental facilities, AI systems, and
unique datasets across every major scientific domain” to support research on artificial intelligence
and quantum energy systems.7 The funding for AIQ would come from IIJA unobligated balances
5 In the text of this report, dollar numbers are nominal and rounded to the nearest million. Detailed agency
appropriations tables round dollars to the tenths of a million. The total for the FY2027 E&W request consists of the
sum of agency request totals and does not include budgetary offsets.
6 DOE, FY 2027 Congressional Justification, Office of Science, 2026, p. 101, https://www.energy.gov/documents/doefy-2027-volume-4-sc.
7 DOE, FY 2027 Congressional Justification Budget in Brief, April 2026, p. 33, https://www.energy.gov/documents/
doe-fy-2027-budget-brief.
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and was not included in the President’s request as calculated by the House Appropriations
Committee.
Funding for the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), a semiautonomous DOE
agency responsible for nuclear warheads, nuclear weapons nonproliferation, and naval reactor
R&D, was proposed to increase by $7.398 billion (29%) over the FY2026 enacted amount of
$25.404 billion. NNSA’s largest appropriations account, Weapons Activities, would rise from
$20.378 billion to $27.441 billion, an increase of $7.063 billion (35%). The FY2025 budget
reconciliation measure (P.L. 119-21) appropriated $3.885 billion for NNSA for FY2025, to
remain available through FY2029, affecting FY2027 funding. Environmental Management (waste
management and cleanup) would decrease by $386 million (-5%) under the Administration
request, from $8.562 billion in FY2026 to $8.176 billion in FY2027.
USACE and Reclamation
USACE uses most of its appropriations on specific water resources studies and projects
authorized by Congress. The FY2027 request included $6.663 billion for USACE, which is
$3.772 billion less than the $10.435 billion provided for FY2026. The Administration also
proposed different accounts compared with FY2026, including a District Salaries and Expenses
(S&E) account. Most of the proposed FY2027 reduction for Reclamation would come from
Reclamation’s largest account, Water and Related Resources, which supports the development
and operation of water supplies for irrigation, hydroelectric generation, and environmental
quality. The FY2027 budget would reduce that account by $354 million (-24%) compared with
FY2026 annual appropriations.
Independent Agencies
Among the independent agencies in the E&W bill, funding for five active federal regional
commissions and authorities (FRCAs) would be eliminated under the President’s FY2027
request. FRCAs use appropriations to provide economic development and energy reliability and
security grants in their respective regions. Slated for defunding are the Delta Regional Authority,
Denali Commission, Northern Border Regional Commission, Southwest Border Regional
Commission, and Southeast Crescent Regional Commission, along with a cancellation of $150
million in previously appropriated funds for these and other FRCAs.8 The FRCA that has
historically received the largest annual appropriation, the Appalachian Regional Commission,
would be reduced from $200 million in FY2026 to $120 million in FY2027 (-40%).
NRC, the largest E&W independent agency, was recommended to receive $892 million under the
FY2027 request, a decrease of $79 million (-9%) from the FY2026 enacted amount. NRC
licenses and regulates nuclear reactors and radioactive materials. As required by law, NRC’s
FY2027 funding is to be offset by fees paid by the nuclear industry, estimated at $756 million, for
a net appropriation of $136 million.
8 Six FRCAs are currently active, meaning they are engaged in economic development activities in their service areas,
have received recent appropriations, and have a Senate-confirmed federal co-chair (or equivalent) in place. These are
the Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC), Delta Regional Authority (DRA), Denali Commission, Northern Border
Regional Commission (NBRC), Southeast Crescent Regional Commission (SCRC), and Southwest Border Regional
Commission (SBRC). Five FRCAs are currently inactive, and do not have all of those features as of June 2, 2026: the
Great Lakes Authority (GLA), Mid-Atlantic Regional Commission (MARC), Northern Great Plains Regional Authority
(NGPRA), Northwest Regional Commission , and Southern New England Regional Commission (SNERC).
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House Appropriations Committee
The House Appropriations Committee recommended $62.499 billion in E&W discretionary
appropriations for FY2027, a decrease of $290 million (-8%) from the request and an increase of
$768 million (1%) from the FY2026 enacted amount, excluding rescissions and adjustments.
Funding for USACE would be $9.775 billion, an increase of $3.112 billion (47%) from the
request and a decrease of $660 million (-6%) from FY2026. Reclamation and CUP would receive
$1.861 billion, an increase of $569 million (44%) above the request and $211 million (13%)
above the FY2026 level. Independent agencies would receive $505 million, an increase of $193
million (62%, excluding rescissions) above the request and a decrease of $17 million (-3%) from
FY2026.
Department of Energy
The new CMEI office would receive $1.850 billion, an increase of $728 million (65%) over the
request and about the same as the comparable FY2026 appropriation. The Committee accepted
the Administration’s request to zero out funding for solar and wind energy technologies but did
not accept the proposed elimination of weatherization funding, recommending the $369 million
appropriated for FY2026. FEMP would be reduced from $25 million in FY2026 to $15 million in
FY2027, rather than being zeroed out as requested.
Funding for the Office of Science in the House bill would include $800 million for BER,
reversing most of the requested reduction from FY2026 enacted level. The Committee rejected
the requested reduction in funding for the ITER experimental fusion reactor from $171 million in
FY2026 to $78 million in FY2027 (-55%), instead recommending a slight increase (less than
1%). An Administration proposal to fund a new Office of Fusion to help commercialize fusion
energy technologies was also not accepted by the panel. ARPA-E would be increased from the
requested $200 million to $300 million in FY2027, although it would still be $50 million below
the FY2026 enacted amount.
The Administration’s proposed transfers totaling $4.700 billion from IIJA for Baseload Power and
Artificial Intelligence and Quantum were not included in the committee bill.
The House Appropriations Committee recommended $27.072 billion for NNSA, $5.729 billion
(-17%) less than the FY2027 request, according to the committee report. The bill would provide
$22.069 billion for Weapons Activities, $5.373 billion (-20%) less than requested; and $2.085
billion for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, $305 million (-13%) less than requested. EM
funding would total $7.700 billion under the committee bill, decreases of $477 million (-6%)
from the request and $863 million (-10%) from FY2026.
USACE and Reclamation
The FY2027 House committee recommendation of $9.775 billion for USACE does not include
the Administration’s proposed new District S&E account, and the bill would instead continue
funding USACE studies and projects, including District S&E, under the Investigations,
Construction, O&M, and MR&T accounts. Reclamation’s largest account, Water and Related
Resources, would receive $1.675 billion in the committee bill, increases of $563 million (51%)
over the request and $209 million (14%) over the FY2026 amount.
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Independent Agencies
The House committee bill would provide appropriations to seven of the FRCAs at the same level
of funding that was provided in FY2026; the bill did not include funding for the Northwest
Regional Commission, which received an initial appropriation of $1 million in FY2026. A
requested reduction of $80 million (-40%) for the Appalachian Regional Commission was not
approved by the Committee, which recommended level funding of $200 million. For NRC, the
largest independent agency in Title IV, the Committee recommended funding at the requested
level.
FY2027 Budgetary Limits
Congressional consideration of the annual Energy and Water Development appropriations bill is
affected by certain procedural and statutory budget enforcement requirements. These consist
primarily of procedural limits on discretionary spending (the total spending provided in annual
appropriations acts) established in a budget resolution or through some other means, and
allocations of this amount that applied to spending under the jurisdiction of each appropriations
subcommittee. FY2027 allocations had not been determined by the date of this report.
For more information on funding ceilings, see CRS Report R46468, A Brief Overview of the
Congressional Budget Process, by James V. Saturno.
Key Funding Issues and Initiatives
Several issues have drawn particular attention during congressional consideration of Energy and
Water Development appropriations for FY2027. The issues described in this section—listed
approximately in the order the affected agencies or provisions typically appear in Energy and
Water Development bills—were selected based on total funding involved, percentage of proposed
increases or decreases, amount of congressional interest engendered, and potential impact on
broader public policy considerations. Additional relevant CRS products are noted in the following
sections, as applicable.
Congressionally Directed Funding
The 119th Congress, largely continuing the policies of the previous two Congresses, is allowing
congressionally directed funding, also known as earmarks, for site-specific projects and other
activities in the appropriations process. These are referred to as “community project funding”
(CPF) in the House and “congressionally directed spending” (CDS) in the Senate. From the 112th
through the 116th Congresses, moratorium policies largely prohibited earmarks for such projects.9
Figure 2 shows enacted CPF/CDS amounts per agency for FY2022 through FY2024, and
FY2026, plus FY2027 actions. The patterned area of the stacked columns indicates the sum of the
three highest funded CPF/CDS items (all under USACE appropriations). For FY2025, P.L. 119-4
did not fund earmarks.10
9 During the moratorium, Congress appropriated funding for USACE and Reclamation above the requested amounts for
categories of work, called additional funding, without identifying specific projects. In the 117th and 118th Congresses,
enacted appropriations included additional funding for USACE and Reclamation, along with community project
funding (CPF) and congressionally directed spending (CDS).
10 Earmarks were included in the reports accompanying FY2025 Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies
appropriations (E&W) bills approved by the House and Senate Appropriations Committees. However, Section 1111 of
(continued...)
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Figure 2. Energy and Water Development CPF/CDS Total Enacted Funding from
FY2022 Through FY2026 and FY2027 House Appropriations Report
(nominal dollars)
Sources: P.L. 119-4 and Community Project Funding (CPF)/Congressionally Directed Spending (CDS) tables in
explanatory statements accompanying enacted annual appropriations for FY2022 through FY2026, H.Rept. 119667.
Notes: The patterned area of the stacked columns indicates the sum of the three highest funded CPF/CDS
items (all under U.S. Army Corps of Engineers appropriations). For FY2025, P.L. 119-4 did not fund earmarks.
For FY2027, House and Senate appropriations committees provided instructions to Members for
requesting CPF and CDS, respectively. The House and Senate allowed CPF and CDS requests
only for certain Reclamation and USACE accounts under E&W.11 For previous fiscal years, the
Senate allowed CDS requests for DOE that were funded in the “Energy Projects” account, but for
FY2027, the Senate appropriations committees did not allow such requests.12 The House
committee report included 66 CPF for USACE totaling $842 million and 5 for Reclamation
totaling $17 million (see Figure 2). While the median CPF was a little over $2 million, three
CPFs were for $100 million or more, including $250 million for Upper Mississippi River-Illinois
Waterway System, IL, IA, MN, MO, and WI; $160 million for Morganza to the Gulf, LA; and
$100 million for Sabine-Neches Waterway, TX.
established that the act did not provide funding for earmarks. For more information on earmark restrictions in P.L. 1194, see CRS Report R48517, Section-by-Section Summary of the Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2025
(Division A of P.L. 119-4), coordinated by Drew C. Aherne.
11 U.S. House Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development, “Fiscal Year 2027
Guidance on Community Project Funding Requests,” https://appropriations.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicansappropriations.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/fy27-ew-cpf-guidance.pdf; U.S. Senate Committee on
Appropriations, “General Guidance on Fiscal Year 2027 Appropriations Requests,”
https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/fy2027_appropriations_requests_general_guidance.pdf.
12 U.S. Senate Committee on Appropriations, “General Guidance on Fiscal Year 2027 Appropriations Requests,”
https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/fy2027_appropriations_requests_general_guidance.pdf.
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Cancellation and Transfer of IIJA and IRA Appropriations
In addition to the proposed transfers discussed above, the Administration’s FY2027 request called
for cancellation of $15.247 billion of IIJA advance appropriations for renewable energy, carbon
capture from the air, electric vehicles and batteries, FRCAs, “and other costly technologies
burdensome to ratepayers and consumers.”13 Those proposed cancellations included $588 million
in unobligated balances for carbon dioxide sequestration pipelines and related transportation
projects under the Carbon Dioxide Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Program
established by IIJA Section 40304.
Separately, P.L. 119-21, the FY2025 budget reconciliation measure, rescinded all unobligated
balances of IRA appropriations, some of which had been available for several DOE programs in
FY2027.
Proposed USACE District Salaries and Expenses Account
The Administration proposed altering budgeting of USACE district salaries and expenses. In
previous budget requests and appropriations acts, study and project accounts (i.e., Investigations,
Construction, Operation and Maintenance [O&M], and Mississippi River and Tributaries
[MR&T] accounts) composed the majority of the funding, which included the district salaries and
expenses of those activities. For FY2027, the budget request included a new account, District
Salaries and Expenses, to fund the salaries of USACE district and field office employees, plus
other operational costs, separately from direct project costs.14 For example, the budget request for
the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, LA, was split with $5 million in the O&M account and $15
million in the District S&E account, for a total of $20 million for the project.15 The request for the
proposed District S&E account was $2.429 billion, making up 36% of the total amount requested
for USACE.16
The FY2027 budget request noted the new District S&E account as a central feature of the
request and part of the Administration’s “District Salary Transparency initiative.”17 USACE stated
that the proposed account was a policy change to emphasize delivery, transparency, and
accountability, and that “this new approach will realign incentives to focus on building
infrastructure on time and within budget.” For more discussion and information on the FY2027
budget request for USACE, see CRS In Focus IF13212, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: FY2027
Appropriations, by Anna E. Normand and Nicole T. Carter.
The House Committee E&W bill did not include a District S&E account; it instead funded
USACE studies and projects, including District S&E, under the Investigations, Construction,
O&M, and MR&T accounts.18 In the report, the House committee noted appreciation for breaking
13 OMB, Budget of the United States Government for Fiscal Year 2027, “Program Cuts and Eliminations,” p. 16,
https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/budget_fy2027.pdf; OMB, Budget of the U.S. Government
Appendix, p. 424, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/appendix_fy2027.pdf.
14 USACE, Fiscal Year 2027 Civil Works Budget of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, https://www.usace.army.mil/
Missions/Civil-Works/Budget/#Budget%20Information.
15 USACE, Civil Works Budget—Operation and Maintenance Account, Budget Crosswalk,
https://usace.contentdm.oclc.org/utils/getfile/collection/p16021coll6/id/2587.
16 USACE, Fiscal Year 2027 Civil Works Budget of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, https://www.usace.army.mil/
Missions/Civil-Works/Budget/#Budget%20Information.
17 USACE, Fiscal Year 2027 Civil Works Budget of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, https://www.usace.army.mil/
Missions/Civil-Works/Budget/#Budget%20Information.
18 The funding tables for these accounts in the accompanying report distinguish the project costs and District S&E costs
(continued...)
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out project costs and District S&E costs in the FY2027 request and FY2026 work plan. The
House committee did express concern about the accuracy of the breakout in the FY2027 request,
including as compared with the FY2026 work plan. The committee noted that such an account
change would be a multiyear process and directed USACE to report additional information about
the proposal.19
Proposed Reductions for Wind, Solar, and Conservation
The request would reduce funding for Critical Minerals and Energy Innovation (CMEI) to $1.122
billion in FY2027 from a comparable amount of $1.883 billion in FY2026, down $762 million
(-40%). CMEI was created from the former Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
by adding critical minerals programs and moving geothermal research to the Office of
Hydrocarbons and Geothermal Energy (formerly Fossil Energy).
The request opposed federal support for “intermittent energy sources” such as wind and solar in
favor of “24/7 energy that underpins a secure grid.”20 Within CMEI, no appropriations were
requested in FY2027 under Integrated Energy Systems for wind and solar R&D, down from $320
million in FY2026. Zero funding was also requested for two other elements of the CMEI
appropriations account that together received $460 million in FY2026: the Federal Energy
Management Program (FEMP) and the Office of State and Community Energy Programs (SCEP),
which provide low-income weatherization and state planning grants. The budget request also
proposed to zero out Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies (a program element within Alternative
Fuels and Feedstocks), which received $160 million in FY2026.
Also within CMEI, the Administration requested steep reductions for FY2027 compared with
FY2026 levels for Transportation Technologies (formerly Vehicle Technologies), from $397
million to $20 million (-95%); Bioenergy Technologies (now part of Alternative Fuels and
Feedstocks), from $245 million to $10 million (-96%); and Building Technologies, from $288
million to $20 million (-93%).
The House Committee accepted the Administration’s request to zero out funding for solar and
wind energy technologies, along with hydrogen and fuel cell technologies, and bioenergy. It did
not accept the proposed elimination of weatherization funding, recommending the $369 million
appropriated for FY2026. Under the House Committee’s proposal, FEMP would be reduced from
$25 million in FY2026 to $15 million in FY2027, rather than being zeroed out as requested.
Section 312 of the House committee bill would prohibit DOE from using the bill’s appropriated
funds to implement the standard on federal buildings and clean energy, issued by the Federal
Energy Management Program on May 1, 2024.21
under the budget request columns, while the “House Recommended” column of the tables includes total funding with
no distinction between the two.
19 This directive included USACE providing to the committee at the end of FY2026 a comparison of the funding
breakout that accompanied the FY2026 work plan and the amount of funding obligated to each program, project, or
activity throughout the fiscal year.
20 DOE, FY 2027 Congressional Justification, Critical Minerals and Energy Innovation, p. 34,
https://www.energy.gov/documents/doe-fy-2027-volume-2-cmei.
21 “Clean Energy for New Federal Buildings and Major Renovations of Federal Buildings,” 89 Federal Register 35384,
May 1, 2024, https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/FR-2024-05-01/2024-08196.
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New Request for Baseload Power Production
DOE’s FY2027 budget proposal included a new $3.500 billion appropriations account for
Baseload Power, to be funded with proposed transfers of IIJA unobligated balances, that would be
used by various DOE offices to provide firm baseload electricity—generated by coal, natural gas,
geothermal, nuclear, and hydropower. The proposed new account and transfers were not included
in the House committee bill. The initiative was intended to prevent what the request said was the
planned retirement of about 9 gigawatts of baseload capacity and provide from 9 gigawatts to 13
gigawatts of power plant upgrades and new capacity, according to the budget justification.
The Baseload Power initiative is consistent with the Trump Administration’s opposition to federal
support for intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power. The budget
request would provide $1.940 billion for electricity production from coal, gas, and geothermal.
The funds would be used for upgrading existing coal, natural gas, and geothermal plants and
expanding gas pipelines and related facilities. The request also includes $750 million for
reconductoring transmission lines—replacing their wires using advanced materials—and $300
million to upgrade nuclear power plants and fuel.22
Proposed Nuclear Reactor Demonstration Funding Transfer
The House committee bill (Section 313) would transfer $2.675 billion in unobligated IIJA
balances to two small modular reactor (SMR) demonstrations first funded by the Consolidated
Appropriations Act, 2024 (P.L. 118-42) and potential future demonstration projects. The IIJA
funds to be transferred are currently appropriated for carbon dioxide transportation, energy
efficiency and renewable energy, clean energy demonstrations, and fossil energy and carbon
management. The two SMR awards under the FY2024 appropriations act, for $400 million each,
went to the Tennessee Valley Authority, for a GE Vernova Hitachi 300-megawatt reactor at the
Clinch River site in Tennessee, and Holtec Government Services, for two 300-megawatt SMRs at
the Palisades nuclear plant in Michigan.23 SMR demonstration projects already received $3.100
billion in appropriations transferred from IIJA by Section 311 of the Commerce, Justice, Science;
Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026 (P.L.
119-74).
Proposals to Sell Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve
The DOE budget request proposed to close the Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve (NEHHOR).
The 1 million barrels of ultra-low-sulfur heating oil in NEHHOR would be sold, and leases for
storage facilities closed out, by FY2029. The FY2027 NEHHOR appropriation would be half of
the $7 million provided for FY2026.24 The Administration also proposed terminating the
NEHHOR in FY2026, but Congress continued the program’s funding. The House Appropriations
Committee recommended continuing NEHHOR funding at the FY2026 level.
22 DOE, FY 2027 Congressional Justification—Baseload Power, April 2026, https://www.energy.gov/documents/doe-
fy-2027-volume-3-bp.
23 DOE, “Energy Department Selects TVA and Holtec to Advance Deployment of U.S. Small Modular Reactors,”
December 2, 2025, https://www.energy.gov/articles/energy-department-selects-tva-and-holtec-advance-deployment-ussmall-modular-reactors.
24 DOE, FY 2027 Congressional Justification—Budget in Brief, p. 47, https://www.energy.gov/documents/doe-fy-2027budget-brief.
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Proposed Reductions in DOE Office of Science and ARPA-E, and
Other Changes
The Administration proposed to reduce funding for the Office of Science to $7.139 billion, a 13%
decrease from FY2026. The House committee bill would provide $8.525 billion for the Office of
Science, a 3.3% increase from FY2026.25
Basic Energy Sciences would receive $2.146 billion under the President’s budget request, a
reduction of over $500 million from FY2026 enacted levels. By comparison, the House
committee bill would provide $2.779 billion, an increase of about $101 million from FY2026.26
Biological and Environmental Research (BER), under the President’s budget request, would see a
reduction in funding from $854 million to $396 million (-54%).27 This reduction is similar in size
to the Administration’s FY2026 request. Within BER, Earth and Environmental Systems Sciences
would see a reduction of $341 million (-79%), including the elimination of funding for the
atmospheric system research and environmental system sciences programs and closure of the
Atmospheric Radiation Measurement User Facility. Under the FY2027 request, all BER activities
related to earth and environmental systems science would be funded under earth systems
modeling. That program, according to the budget request, would “focus on harnessing AI to
accelerate, enhance and couple BER’s suite of exascale class and multi-sector dynamics models
and integrate atmospheric and environmental field observations to enhance weeks to years
predictive skill for energy expansion.”28 The request would also reduce biological systems
science by $133 million, with the largest reduction (-$124 million) coming from the genomic
science program.29 The DOE budget justification says the request “reduces lower priority efforts
while focusing support on the Genesis Mission and integrating AI to accelerate biotechnology
innovation and CMM (critical minerals and materials) recovery and supporting key quantum
science research for imaging and sensing to align with Administration priorities.”30
The House committee bill would provide $800 million for BER, a $54 million reduction from
FY2026 enacted levels.31 Specifically, the House committee bill would provide $370 million for
25 U.S. Congress, House Appropriations Committee, Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies
Appropriations Bill, 2027, 119th Cong., 2nd sess., May 22, 2027, H.Rept. 119-667, p. 183.
26 DOE, FY 2027 Congressional Justification, Office of Science, 2026, p. 5, https://www.energy.gov/documents/doefy-2027-volume-4-sc; U.S. Congress, House Appropriations Committee, Energy and Water Development and Related
Agencies Appropriations Bill, 2027, 119th Cong., 2nd sess., May 22, 2027, H.Rept. 119-667, p. 179.
27 DOE, FY 2027 Congressional Justification, Office of Science, 2026, p. 101, https://www.energy.gov/documents/doefy-2027-volume-4-sc.
28 DOE, FY 2027 Congressional Justification, Biological and Environmental Research, 2026, p. 102,
https://www.energy.gov/documents/doe-fy-2027-volume-4-sc.
29 DOE, FY 2027 Congressional Justification, Office of Science, 2026, p. 101, https://www.energy.gov/documents/doefy-2027-volume-4-sc.
30 DOE, FY 2027 Congressional Justification, Biological and Environmental Research, 2026, p. 102,
https://www.energy.gov/documents/doe-fy-2027-volume-4-sc. DOE’s Genesis Mission, launched in 2025, is “a
national initiative to build the world’s most powerful scientific platform to accelerate discovery science, strengthen
national security, and drive energy innovation” by developing “an integrated platform that connects the world’s best
supercomputers, experimental facilities, AI systems, and unique datasets across every major scientific domain to
double the productivity and impact of American research and innovation within a decade.” The mission is focused on
three overarching challenge areas: energy dominance, scientific discovery, and national security. For additional
information see DOE, “Genesis Mission,” 2025, https://genesis.energy.gov/.
31 U.S. Congress, House Appropriations Committee, Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies
Appropriations Bill, 2027, 119th Cong., 2nd sess., May 22, 2027, H.Rept. 119-667, p. 179.
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Earth and Environmental Systems Sciences, nearly $281 million more than the President’s budget
request.32
The President’s budget request of $755 million for Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) represents a
6.3% decrease compared to FY2026 levels.33 The majority of this overall decrease (~$50 million)
is specifically focused on the U.S. contribution to ITER34 (-$93 million), with the rest of the FES
budget increasing by about $43 million.35 The House committee bill would provide $800 million
for FES, a 1% decrease from the FY2026 level. The House committee bill includes $171 million
for ITER, a small increase from the FY2026 enacted level.36
On November 20, 2025, DOE announced an organizational realignment that established an Office
of Fusion within the responsibilities of the Under Secretary for Science.37 For FY2027, the budget
requested $10 million for the new Office of Fusion, which, according to DOE, would coordinate
all fusion-related activities within DOE and develop “a national strategy to close scientific and
technological gaps on the critical path toward developing, deploying and commercializing fusion
energy.”38 Referring to the Office of Fusion, the House Committee report accompanying H.R.
9022 stated
The Committee appreciates the Office of Science’s focus on commercialization efforts to
bring fusion energy to the electric grid. However, the Committee believes
commercialization efforts should be conducted through its existing Office of Technology
Commercialization.39
The recently established Office of Artificial Intelligence and Quantum (AIQ),40 within the
responsibilities of the Under Secretary for Science, would receive $1.200 billion under the
Administration’s FY2027 request.41 The stated mission of AIQ is “to oversee the Department’s
Genesis Mission through collaboration and coordination of federal government, national
laboratories, and industry in support of the U.S. AI and quantum research investments.”
According to the budget request, AIQ would repurpose prior-year unobligated Infrastructure
32 U.S. Congress, House Appropriations Committee, Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies
Appropriations Bill, 2027, 119th Cong., 2nd sess., May 22, 2027, H.Rept. 119-667, p. 148.
33 DOE, FY 2027 Congressional Justification, Office of Science, 2026, p. 5, https://www.energy.gov/documents/doefy-2027-volume-4-sc.
34 For additional information on ITER, see CRS Report R48362, ITER—An International Nuclear Fusion Research and
Development Facility, coordinated by Todd Kuiken.
35 For additional information on fusion energy science, see CRS Report R48866, Toward Commercial Fusion Energy:
Considerations for Congress, by Todd Kuiken.
36 U.S. Congress, House Appropriations Committee, Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies
Appropriations Bill, 2027, 119th Cong., 2nd sess., May 22, 2027, p. 180.
37 DOE, “Energy Department Announces Organizational Realignment to Strengthen Efficiency and Unleash American
Energy,” press release, November 20, 2025, https://www.energy.gov/articles/energy-department-announcesorganizational-realignment-strengthen-efficiency-and-unleash. For DOE’s November 25, 2025, organizational chart,
see https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2025-11/Organization-Chart-11.20.2025-2.pdf.
38 DOE, FY 2027 Congressional Justification, Office of Fusion, 2026, p. 2, https://www.energy.gov/documents/doe-fy2027-volume-4-fusion.
39 U.S. Congress, House Appropriations Committee, Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies
Appropriations Bill, 2027, 119th Cong., 2nd sess., May 22, 2027, H.Rept. 119-667, p. 144.
40 DOE, “Energy Department Announces Organizational Realignment to Strengthen Efficiency and Unleash American
Energy,” press release, November 20, 2025, https://www.energy.gov/articles/energy-department-announcesorganizational-realignment-strengthen-efficiency-and-unleash.
41 DOE, FY 2027 Congressional Justification, Artificial Intelligence and Quantum, 2026, https://www.energy.gov/
documents/doe-fy-2027-vol-4-artificial-intelligence-and-quantum.
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Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) funding.42 The House Committee report neither mentions nor
includes funding for AIQ.43
Separately, under the Office of Science, the proposed FY2027 budget requested $1.104 billion for
the Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) program, a reduction of $12 million
compared with FY2026.44 According to the request, “ASCR is coordinating closely with AIQ in
the development, deployment, and management of the Genesis Mission supercomputing
partnerships and quantum investments under AIQ’s purview, and ASCR’s user facilities, the
American Science Cloud, and other ASCR investments are being leveraged by AIQ to deploy and
manage Genesis Mission computing resources.”45 The House bill would provide $1.175 billion
for ASCR, an increase of $59 million compared with FY2026 enacted levels, and $70 million
above the President’s FY2027 request.46
Under the FY2027 budget request, the Advanced Research Project Agency–Energy (ARPA-E)
would see a 43% reduction in its budget from FY2026 enacted levels ($350 million). The $200
million requested by the Administration in FY2027 is the same amount requested in FY2026.47
The House committee bill would provide $300 million for ARPA-E in FY2027.48
More Funding Requested for NNSA Weapons Activities, Less for
Certain Nonproliferation Programs
The FY2027 budget requested $32.801 billion for NNSA, $7.398 billion (29%) more than the
FY2026 enacted amount of $25.404 billion.49 The budget requested $27.441 billion for NNSA’s
largest appropriations account, Weapons Activities, $7.063 billion (35%) more than the FY2026
enacted amount of $20.378 billion. The budget requested $2.390 billion for Defense Nuclear
Nonproliferation, $23 million (1%) more than the FY2026 enacted amount of $2.367 billion.
The House Appropriations Committee would provide $27.072 billion for NNSA, $5.729 billion
(-17%) less than the FY2027 request, according to the accompanying committee report. The bill
would provide $22.069 billion for Weapons Activities, $5.373 billion (-20%) less than requested;
and $2.085 billion for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, $305 million (-13%) less than
requested.
42 DOE, Artificial Intelligence and Quantum FY 2027 Congressional Justification, 2026, p. 2, https://www.energy.gov/
documents/doe-fy-2027-vol-4-artificial-intelligence-and-quantum.
43 U.S. Congress, House Appropriations Committee, Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies
Appropriations Bill, 2027, 119th Cong., 2nd sess., May 22, 2027, H.Rept. 119-667.
44 DOE, FY 2027 Congressional Justification, Office of Science, 2026, p. 11, https://www.energy.gov/documents/doefy-2027-volume-4-sc.
45 DOE, FY 2027 Congressional Justification, Advanced Scientific Computing Research, 2026, p. 8,
https://www.energy.gov/documents/doe-fy-2027-volume-4-sc.
46 U.S. Congress, House Appropriations Committee, Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies
Appropriations Bill, 2027, 119th Cong., 2nd sess., May 22, 2027, H.Rept. 119-667, p. 178.
47 DOE, FY 2027 Congressional Justification, Advanced Research Projects Agency—Energy, 2026, p. 2,
https://www.energy.gov/documents/doe-fy-2027-volume-2-arpa-e.
48 U.S. Congress, House Appropriations Committee, Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies
Appropriations Bill, 2027, 119th Cong., 2nd sess., May 22, 2027, H.Rept. 119-667, p. 152.
49 DOE, Detailed Budget Justification—Energy and Water Development Appropriations, Volume 1: National Nuclear
Security Administration (Overview), April 2026, p. 1, https://www.energy.gov/documents/doe-fy-2027-volume-1-nnsaoverview. References to FY2026 funding in this section refer to discretionary funding provided by the Energy and
Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026 (P.L. 119-74, Division B) and do not include the
$3.885 billion in mandatory funding provided by the FY2025 reconciliation act (P.L. 119-21).
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Below is a summary of FY2027 requested and proposed funding to date for Weapons Activities,
including nuclear warhead modernization programs:50
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
No funding requested for the B61-12 Life Extension Program (LEP), $16 million
less than the FY2026 enacted amount. NNSA in FY2026 intends to complete and
close out modernization of the B61-12 LEP, which combines four existing
variants of the B61 gravity bomb. H.R. 9022, the House committee bill, proposed
no funding for the program as requested.
$46 million requested for the B61-13 variant of the B61 gravity bomb, $3 million
less than the FY2026 enacted amount. NNSA has begun delivering to the U.S.
Air Force this B61 variant, intended for strikes on harder and larger-area military
targets. H.R. 9022 proposed to fund the program as requested.
No funding requested for the W88 Alteration 370 program, for which $64 million
was enacted in FY2025 and none in FY2026. NNSA in FY2026 plans to
complete and close out this program with carryover funding. The W88 warhead
is carried on a portion of the D-5 (Trident) submarine-launched ballistic missiles
(SLBMs). H.R. 9022 proposed no funding for the program as requested.
$1.048 billion requested for the W80-4 LEP, $211 million (-17%) less than the
FY2026 enacted amount. The W80-4 LEP is the warhead planned for the LongRange Standoff (LRSO) cruise missile. NNSA expects the first production unit of
this warhead in FY2027. H.R. 9022 proposed to fund the program as requested.
$913 million requested for development engineering activities in the W87-1
warhead modification program, $264 million (41%) more than the FY2026
enacted amount. The Air Force plans to deploy the W87-1 on the Sentinel
intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). H.R. 9022 proposed to fund the
program as requested.
$1.106 billion requested for the W93 warhead, $299 million (37%) more than the
FY2026 enacted amount. NNSA expects that the W93, a warhead intended for
deployment on SLBMs, will enter development engineering in FY2027. H.R.
9022 proposed to fund the program as requested.
No funding requested for the W80-5 warhead for the nuclear sea-launched cruise
missile (SLCM-N). H.R. 9022 proposed no funding for the program as requested.
NNSA is implementing seven warhead programs and, according to the FY2027 budget
submission, plans to “authorize new future concept programs.”51
NNSA is engaged in efforts to recapitalize its production infrastructure, including for the
manufacture of plutonium pits (warhead cores), central components of nuclear warheads. NNSA
plans to develop pit production capacity at Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico and
the Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina. Pit production is included in NNSA’s FY2027
budget under Plutonium Modernization, for which NNSA requested $4.912 billion, $2.280 billion
50 DOE, Detailed Budget Justification—Energy and Water Development Appropriations: Volume 1: Weapons
Activities, April 2026, p. 3, https://www.energy.gov/documents/doe-fy-2027-volume-1-wa. The National Nuclear
Security Administration (NNSA) plans to obligate in FY2026 “most of” the $3.885 billion in mandatory funding
provided by the FY2025 reconciliation act ( P.L. 119-21) for weapons activities.
51 DOE, Detailed Budget Justification–Energy and Water Development Appropriations: Volume 1: Weapons Activities,
p. 3.
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(87%) more than the FY2026 enacted level of $2.633 billion.52 H.R. 9022 proposed to fund the
program at $3.409 billion, $1.504 billion (-31%) less than requested.53
For Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, the committee report stated that its recommended
reductions “are intended to reduce foreign long-term dependency on the United States while
refocusing the Global Material Security program on the activities that have the greatest impact on
national security.”54 The bill specified a proposed $190 million for the Nonproliferation
Stewardship program. It also included $524 million for Nuclear Counterterrorism and Incident
Response, $161 million less than the request.
The FY2025 budget reconciliation act (P.L. 119-21) provided $3.885 billion in mandatory
funding to remain available through FY2029, for certain NNSA weapons activities:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
$200 million for Phase 1 studies;
$540 million for deferred maintenance and repair;
$1 billion for construction;
$400 million for the sea-launched cruise missile nuclear warhead;
$750 million for modernization of facilities for nuclear warhead primary stages;
$750 million for modernization of facilities for nuclear warhead secondary
stages;
$120 million for uranium enrichment centrifuge deployment;
$10 million for spent nuclear fuel reprocessing evaluation; and
$115 million for artificial intelligence.
Appropriations for NNSA nuclear weapons activities and other defense programs typically
correspond to amounts authorized in annual National Defense Authorization Acts (NDAAs).55 For
more information on the FY2027 NNSA budget, see CRS Report R48946, National Nuclear
Security Administration (NNSA) FY2027 Budget and Policy Issues: In Brief, by Anya L. Fink and
Mary Beth D. Nikitin.
Cleanup of Former Nuclear Sites: Adequacy of Proposed Funding
DOE Environmental Management (EM) funding would decrease by $386 million (5%) under the
Administration request, from $8.562 billion in FY2026 to $8.176 billion in FY2027.
Environmental Management funding at DOE’s largest cleanup site, the Hanford Site in
Washington state (including the Office of River Protection), would decline from $3.225 billion to
$2.821 billion in the request, a reduction of $406 million (13%). EM funding at the Oak Ridge
site in Tennessee would drop by $94 million (16%), from $602 million to $512 million.56
EM funding would total $7.700 billion under the FY2027 House committee bill, decreases of
$477 million (-6%) from the request and $863 million (-10%) from FY2026. For the Hanford site,
52 DOE, Detailed Budget Justification—Energy and Water Development Appropriations: Volume 1: Weapons
Activities, p. 17.
53 H.Rept. 119-667, p. 189.
54 H.Rept. 119-667, p. 159.
55 For NNSA authorizations in proposed and enacted versions of the FY2026 National Defense Authorization Act
(NDAA), see Division C of H.R. 3838 and H.Rept. 119-231; S. 2296 and S.Rept. 119-39; and P.L. 119-60 and House
Armed Services Committee Print No. 3, Book 1 and Book 2.
56 H.Rept. 119-667, pp. 197-199.
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the Committee would provide $2.769 billion, a decrease of $54 million (2%) from the request.
The Committee recommended $593 million for Oak Ridge, nearly the same as the FY2026
enacted amount.
The proposed reductions at the Hanford site have drawn criticism from some Members of
Congress in the Pacific Northwest. For example, Senator Murray on the Senate floor April 16,
2026, accused the Administration of “trying to shortchange the Hanford cleanup.”57 The DOE
budget justification says that the requested amount “supports risk reduction” at the site, including
treating and removing highly radioactive waste in underground tanks “as well as waste site and
facility remediation.”58
DOE’s Office of Environmental Management (EM) is responsible for environmental cleanup and
waste management at the department’s nuclear facilities. The EM budget consists of three
appropriations accounts: Defense Environmental Cleanup, which finances the cleanup of former
nuclear weapons production sites; Non-Defense Environmental Cleanup, which funds the cleanup
of federal nuclear energy research sites; and the Uranium Enrichment Decontamination and
Decommissioning Fund (UED&D).
In addition to the proposed Hanford budget reductions, the adequacy of funding for the Office of
Environmental Management to attain cleanup milestones across the entire site inventory has been
a recurring issue. Cleanup milestones are enforceable measures incorporated into compliance
agreements negotiated among DOE, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the states. These
milestones establish time frames for the completion of specific actions to satisfy applicable
requirements at individual sites.
Proposed Elimination and Reductions at Federal Regional
Commissions and Authorities
Funding for five of the six active federal regional commissions and authorities (FRCAs) would be
eliminated under the President’s FY2027 request. A similar proposal was received by Congress in
the FY2026 request and not adopted.59 The budget request proposes terminating five active
FRCAs:
•
•
•
•
•
Delta Regional Authority (DRA),
Denali Commission,
Northern Border Regional Commission (NBRC),
Southwest Border Regional Commission (SBRC), and
Southeast Crescent Regional Commission (SCRC).
57 Sen. Patty Murray, “On Senate Floor, Murray Blasts Trump’s Budget Request and Speaks About Path Forward for
FY27 Appropriations,” news release, April 16, 2026, https://www.murray.senate.gov/on-senate-floor-murray-blaststrumps-budget-request-and-speaks-about-path-forward-for-fy27-appropriations.
58 DOE, FY 2027 Congressional Justification, vol. 5, April 2026, p. 212, https://www.energy.gov/documents/doe-fy2027-volume-5-em.
59 Additionally, the Appalachian Regional Commission annual appropriation was proposed to be reduced from $200
million in FY2026 to $120 million in FY2027 (-40%). See White House, Office of Management and Budget
(OMB), The President’s FY 2026 Discretionary Budget Request, May 2, 2025, https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/
information-resources/budget/the-presidents-fy-2026-discretionary-budget-request.
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The President’s FY2027 request called for the cancellation of unobligated balances from prioryear appropriations for one inactive FRCA (i.e., Great Lakes Authority);60 did not provide
funding for the Northwest Regional Commission, which received its first appropriation in the
FY2026 E&W measure and is also inactive;61 provided $7 million for the Denali Commission for
closeout purposes; instructed four other FRCAs to use prior-year unobligated balances to conduct
an orderly closeout of the entities; and provided reduced funding for the ARC to be expended
within two years. However, unlike the funding for the other five active FRCAs, the funding for
ARC was not provided for closeout purposes. The request also proposes to end the annual transfer
of interest from the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund to the Denali Commission.62
FRCAs have been previously proposed for elimination in presidential budgets, but have
continued to receive subsequent appropriations from Congress. For instance, in May 2025, the
President’s FY2026 budget request proposed closeout budgets for most of the FRCAs. As noted,
the enacted FY2026 E&W measure continued funding for FRCA programs and administrative
expenses at 1% over FY2025 enacted levels.
Eight of the FRCAs each received $1 million to $200 million in annual appropriations in FY2026
for their various activities. The eight FRCAs that received funding in FY2026 included the (1)
ARC, (2) DRA, (3) Denali Commission, (4) GLA, (5) NBRC, (6) Northwest Regional
Commission, (7) SBRC, and (8) SCRC.63 Six of the FRCAs that received FY2026 appropriations
are considered active (ARC, DRA, Denali Commission, NBRC, SBRC, SCRC).64 The FY2026
E&W measure also provided $5 million for the GLA and $1 million for the Northwest Regional
Commission, which were inactive as of May 2026.65
The House committee bill would provide appropriations to seven of the FRCAs at the same level
of funding that was provided in FY2026; the committee bill did not include funding for the
Northwest Regional Commission, which received an initial appropriation of $1 million in
FY2026. The committee report directed ARC to allocate $65 million to the POWER Initiative
(Partnerships for Opportunity and Workforce and Economic Revitalization), which assists
communities impacted by the decline of the coal industry; $15 million for economic
development, manufacturing, and entrepreneurship in Northern Appalachia; and $10 million for
high-speed broadband and $16 million for critical infrastructure projects in Central Appalachia.
60 White House, OMB, Budget of the U.S. Government—Appendix, April 3, 2026, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-
content/uploads/2026/04/appendix_fy2027.pdf.
61 P.L. 119-74 provided appropriations for “expenses necessary to establish a Northwest Regional Commission” and
that the funding for the commission “shall be used to carry out activities authorized for other regional Commissions by
subtitle V of title 40, United States Code.” The commission is not active.
62 White House, OMB, Budget of the U.S. Government—Appendix, April 3, 2026, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wpcontent/uploads/2026/04/appendix_fy2027.pdf.
63 The other three federal regional commissions and authorities (FRCAs) are the Mid-Atlantic Regional Commission
(MARC), Northern Great Plans Regional Authority (NGPRA), and Southern New England Regional Commission
(SNERC). As of the date of publication, MARC, NGPRA, SNERC, and the Great Lakes Authority (GLA) are not
active, and none of these have a confirmed federal co-chair. For additional information, see CRS Report R45997,
Federal Regional Commissions and Authorities: Structural Features and Function.
64 Each of the six functioning regional commissions and authorities engage in economic development to varying
extents, and they address multiple programmatic activities in their respective service areas. These activities may
include, but are not limited to, basic infrastructure, energy, ecology/environment and natural resources, workforce, and
business development/entrepreneurship. For more information, see CRS In Focus IF11140, Federal Regional
Commissions and Authorities: Overview of Structure and Activities.
65 The presidential nomination and Senate confirmation of a federal co-chair is an essential step for the GLA to start
operations; as of the date of publication, the Senate has not confirmed a federal co-chair for the GLA (a nominee by
President Biden was not confirmed, and President Trump has not submitted a nominee). For more information, see
CRS In Focus IF11744, Federal Regional Commissions and Authorities: Authorization.
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The House committee bill also directed DRA to allocate $2 million to continue a pilot capacitybuilding program. The authorizing statute for ARC includes a sunset provision (i.e., on the
specified date, the legal authority to function will terminate).66 The date is October 1, 2026.
FY2027 Budget Request and Recent Annual
Appropriations by Account
The annual Energy and Water Development appropriations bill titles are shown in Table 1. These
titles include Title I—Corps of Engineers—Civil; Title II—Department of the Interior (Bureau of
Reclamation and Central Utah Project); Title III—Department of Energy; and Title IV—
Independent Agencies. Recent annual appropriations and the FY2026 and FY2027 budget
requests for E&W accounts under these titles are shown in the accompanying tables. Additional
appropriations for these agencies, such as from supplemental appropriations acts, are not
presented in this section.
For additional details about the agencies and accounts funded by E&W appropriations acts, and
changes to various accounts and their programs, as applicable, see CRS Report R48599, Energy
and Water Development: FY2026 Appropriations, by Mark Holt and Anna E. Normand. For a
discussion of selected current funding issues related to these accounts and programs, see “Key
Funding Issues and Initiatives,” above. Congressional clients may obtain more detailed
information by contacting CRS analysts listed at the end of this report and listed in CRS Report
R42638, Appropriations: CRS Experts, by James M. Specht and Justin Murray.
Table 1. Energy and Water Development Funding by Title: FY2025-FY2027 Actions
(budget authority in millions of nominal dollars)
FY2025
Approp
FY2026
Request
FY2026
Approp
FY2027
Request
FY2027
H. Com.
Title 1: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
8,703
6,663
10,435
6,663
9,775
Title II: CUP and Reclamation
1,889
1,290
1,650
1,292
1,861
Title III: Department of Energy
50,170
47,863
49,124
54,522
50,359
Title IV: Independent Agencies
502
215
522
222
505
61,264
56,031
61,731
62,688
62,499
-22
-228
-3,692
-19,903
-3,999
61,242
55,803
58,039
42,796
58,500
Title
Subtotal
Rescissions, Transfers, and
Scorekeeping Adjustments
E&W Total with Adjustments
Sources: H.Rept. 119-667; President’s budget request for FY2027; H.R. 6938 (P.L. 119-74) and explanatory
statement; P.L. 119-4. Excludes emergency appropriations. Department of Energy FY2027 request includes $10.7
million for cancellation of loan commitment authority. FY2027 request subtotal includes $101 million rescission.
The FY2027 request is shown as amended by the House committee bill. Subtotals may include other
adjustments. Columns may not sum to totals because of rounding and adjustments. CUP = Central Utah Project.
66 There are two types of authorizations, which are distinct: (1) the operating authorization of the commission or
authority, and (2) the authorization of appropriations. This information pertains to the operating authorization. For more
information, see CRS Report RS20371, Overview of the Authorization-Appropriations Process, by Bill Heniff Jr.; and
CRS Report R46497, Authorizations and the Appropriations Process, by James V. Saturno, which includes a section on
“The Relationship of Appropriations to Authorizations.”
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Notes: FY2026 request did not include a further reduction of $19.674 billion in scorekeeping adjustments.
Budget “scorekeeping” refers to determinations of spending amounts for congressional budget enforcement
purposes. These scorekeeping adjustments may include rescissions and offsetting revenues from various sources.
Agency Budget Justifications
Selected FY2027 budget justifications for the largest agencies funded by the annual Energy and
Water Development appropriations bill can be found through the links below. The justifications
provide detailed descriptions and funding breakouts for accounts, programs, projects, and
activities under the agencies’ jurisdiction, in addition to the Budget of the U.S. Government
Appendix, Fiscal Year 2027, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/
appendix_fy2027.pdf.
Title I: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Civil Works, https://www.usace.army.mil/missions/civilworks/budget (see Table 2)
Title II (see Table 2):
•
•
Bureau of Reclamation, https://www.usbr.gov/budget
Central Utah Project, https://www.doi.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2026-04/
fy2027greenbookcupca.pdf
Title III: Department of Energy, https://www.energy.gov/cfo/articles/fy-2027-budget-justification
(see Table 3)
Title IV: Independent Agencies (see Table 3)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Appalachian Regional Commission, https://www.arc.gov/budget-performanceand-policy
Delta Regional Authority, https://dra.gov/accountability/congressional-budgetjustification
Denali Commission, https://www.denali.gov/finance/congressional-budgetjustifications
Southeast Crescent Regional Commission, https://scrc.gov/Accountability/
congressional-justification
Northern Border Regional Commission, https://www.nbrc.gov/content/impactreporting
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doccollections/nuregs/staff/sr1100
Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board, https://www.dnfsb.gov/about/
congressional-budget-requests
Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board, http://www.nwtrb.gov/about-us/plans
Southwest Border Regional Commission, https://sbrc.gov/congressionaljustification
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Energy and Water Development: FY2027 Appropriations
Table 2. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Funding: FY2025-FY2027 Actions
(budget authority in millions of nominal dollars)
FY2025
Approp
FY2026
Request
FY2026
Approp
Investigations
143.0
130.0
150.4
38.0
175.0
Construction
1,854.7
1,558.2
3,170.0
1,166.1
2,382.0
368.0
256.5
531.6
156.3
470.0
5,552.8
2,330.3
6,013.2
759.7
6,255.0
Regulatory
221.0
221.0
221.0
223.0
223.0
General Expenses
216.0
220.0
220.0
218.0
218.0
FUSRAP
300.0
200.0
75.0
200.0
—
Flood Control and Coastal Emergencies
(FCCE)
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
Office of the Asst. Secretary of the Army
5.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
WIFIA Program
7.2
—
7.2
—
5.0
Harbor Maintenance Trust Funda
—
1,700.0
—
1,392.6
—
Inland Waterways Trust Fund
—
—
—
33.4
—
District Salaries and Expensesb
—
—
—
2,428.9
—
6,663.0 10,435.4
6,663.0
9,775.0
—
—
—
6,663.0 10,435.4
6,663.0
9,775.0
Account
Mississippi River and Tributaries (MR&T)
Operation and Maintenance (O&M)
Total appropriation
8,702.7
Rescissions
-22.2
Total Title I
8,680.5
—
FY2027 FY2027
Request H. Com.
Sources: H.Rept. 119-667; President’s budget request for FY2027; H.R. 6938 (P.L. 119-74) and explanatory
statement.
Notes: FUSRAP = Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program; WIFIA = Water Infrastructure Finance and
Innovation Act. Columns may not sum to totals because of rounding.
a. In the Administration’s FY2026 and FY2027 requests, as with previous requests, some activities funded in
the O&M, Construction, and MR&T accounts were proposed to be funded directly from a Harbor
Maintenance Trust Fund (HMTF) account. That is, the Administration proposed funding eligible USACE
activities directly from the trust fund. This would replace the current practice of having USACE’s O&M,
Construction, and MR&T accounts incur expenses for HMTF-eligible activities, and for these expenses to be
reimbursed from the HMTF accounts. For example, HMTF-eligible maintenance dredging would no longer
be funded by the O&M account and reimbursed by the HMTF; instead, the dredging would be funded
directly from the HMTF account. Such proposals were not enacted in previous fiscal years since first
proposed for FY2019.
b. For FY2027, the budget request included a new account, District Salaries and Expenses, to fund the salaries
of USACE district and field office employees, plus other operational costs, separate from direct project
costs. In previous E&W appropriations acts, study and project accounts (Investigations, Construction, O&M,
and Mississippi River and Tributaries accounts) composed the majority of the funding, which included the
district salaries and expenses of those activities.
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Energy and Water Development: FY2027 Appropriations
Table 3. Bureau of Reclamation and CUP Funding: FY2025-FY2027 Actions
(budget authority in millions of nominal dollars)
FY2025
Approp
FY2026
Request
FY2026
Approp
FY2027
Request
FY2027
H. Com.
1,710.7
1,112.0
1,465.6
1,112.0
1,675.0
Policy and Administration
66.8
64.0
64.0
64.0
64.0
CVP Restoration Fund (CVPRF)
55.7
65.4
65.4
67.0
67.0
Calif. Bay-Delta (CALFED)
33.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
1,866.3
1,273.4
1,627.0
1,275.0
1,838.0
23.0
17.0
23.0
17.0
23.0
1,889.3
1,290.4
1,650.0
1,292.0
1,861.0
—
—
—
—
—
1,889.3
1,290.4
1,650.0
1,292.0
1,861.0
Account
Water and Related Resources
Gross Current Reclamation
Authority
Central Utah Project (CUP) Completion
Reclamation and CUP
CVP Restoration Fund Offset
Total
Sources: H.Rept. 119-667; President’s budget request for FY2027; H.R. 6938 (P.L. 119-74) and explanatory
statement.
Notes: Columns may not sum to totals because of rounding. CVP = Central Valley Project.
Table 4. Department of Energy Funding: FY2025-FY2027 Actions
(budget authority in millions of nominal dollars)
FY2025
Approp
FY2026
Request
FY2026
Approp
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
3,460.0
888.0
1,950.0
—
—
Critical Minerals and Energy Innovation
—
—
—
1,121.7
1,850.0
Electricity Delivery
280.0
193.0
235.0
203.5
235.0
Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and
Emergency Response
200.0
150.0
190.0
160.2
190.0
Nuclear Energyb
1,685.0
1,370.0
1,685.0
1,533.7
1,800.0
Fossil Energy
865.0
595.0
580.0
—
—
Hydrocarbons and Geothermal Energy
—
—
—
676.0
700.0
Energy Projects
—
—
97.6
—
—
Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR)c
213.5
206.4
206.6
295.2
225.1
Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve
7.2
3.6
7.2
3.6
7.2
Energy Information Administration
135.0
135.0
135.0
135.4
135.0
Non-Defense Environmental Cleanup
342.0
322.4
322.4
338.5
322.4
Uranium Enrichment D&D Fund
855.0
814.4
865.0
854.6
821.2
8,240.0
7,092.0
8,250.0
7,138.8
8,525.0
—
—
—
10.0
—
20.0
—
—
26.6
—
Account
Science
Office of Fusion
Technology Commercialization
Congressional Research Service
FY2027 FY2027
Request H. Com.
21
Energy and Water Development: FY2027 Appropriations
FY2025
Approp
FY2026
Request
FY2026
Approp
Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations
50.0
—
—
—
—
Grid Deployment Office
60.0
15.0
25.0
—
—
Manufacturing and Energy Supply Chains
—
15.0
—
—
—
Advanced Research Projects Agency–
Energy (ARPA-E)
460.0
200.0
350.0
200.3
300.0
Nuclear Waste Disposal
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
Departmental Admin. (net)
286.5
174.9
200.0
288.9
233.0
Office of Inspector General
86.0
90.0
90.0
77.4
80.0
Office of Indian Energy
70.0
50.0
75.0
50.0
75.0
Advanced Technology Vehicles
Manufacturing (ATVM) Loans
13.0
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
-115.0
1,699.3
-205.0
158.6
-55.0
Tribal Energy Loan Guarantee
6.3
-12.0
6.3
2.0
6.3
Critical and Emerging Technologies
—
2.0
—
—
—
Strategy and Technology Roadmaps
—
—
—
3.0
—
Account
Title 17 Loan Guarantee
Total, Energy Programs
FY2027 FY2027
Request H. Com.
17,244.5 14,038.6 15,099.3 13,312.5 15,484.6
National Nuclear Security Admin. (NNSA)
Weapons Activities
19,293.0
20,074.4
20,378.0
27,441.2
22,068.5
Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation
2,396.0
2,284.6
2,367.0
2,389.6
2,084.8
Naval Reactors
1,946.0
2,346.0
2,134.0
2,393.7
2,393.7
500.0
555.0
525.0
577.1
525.0
Office of Admin./Salaries and Expenses
Total, NNSA
24,135.0 25,260.0 25,404.0 32,801.5 27,072.1
Defense Environmental Cleanup
7,285.0
6,956.0
7,375.0
6,983.2
6,555.9
Defense Uranium Enrichment D&D
285.0
278.0
—
253.0
—
1,107.0
1,182.0
1,170.0
1,184.7
1,170.0
Other Defense Activities
Power Marketing Administrations (PMAs)
Southwestern
11.4
10.4
10.4
10.4
10.4
Western
99.9
63.4
63.3
63.4
63.4
Falcon and Amistad O&M
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
111.5
74.0
74.0
74.0
74.0
2.0
74.1
2.0
-98.0
2.0
Total, PMAs
General Provisions
Department of Energy Total
Appropriations
Offsets, Transfers, and Adjustments
Total, Department of Energy
50,170.3 47,862.7 49,124.3 54,521.8 50,358.7
—
-168.1
—
-10.7
—
50,170.3 47,694.6 49,124.3 54,511.1 50,358.7
Sources: H.Rept. 119-667; President’s budget request for FY2027; H.R. 6938 (P.L. 119-74) and explanatory
statement; P.L. 119-4.
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Energy and Water Development: FY2027 Appropriations
Notes: House Appropriations Committee report does not include proposed transfers of $4.700 billion from
IIJA for Baseload Power and Artificial Intelligence and Quantum. FY2027 request for Title 17 Loan Guarantees
includes $10.7 million for cancellation of loan commitment authority. Columns may not sum to totals because of
rounding. Table includes some category adjustments for comparability. Offsets, transfers, and adjustments
include transferred Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) funds, negative loan guarantee subsidy costs,
decommissioning fund offsets, oil sales, and excess fees. Excludes rescissions and supplementals in subsequent
acts. D&D = Decontamination and Decommissioning. O&M = Operation and Maintenance.
a. Funding proposed to be transferred from IIJA.
b. Includes amounts in defense budget function. Defense amount of $160 million excluded from Energy
Programs total in FY2027 request column.
c. Includes SPR Petroleum Account and rescissions.
Table 5. E&W Independent Agency Funding: FY2025-FY2027 Actions
(budget authority in millions of nominal dollars)
FY2025
Approp
FY2026
Request
FY2026
Approp
FY2027
Request
FY2027
H. Com.
Appalachian Regional Commission
200.0
14.0
200.0
120.0
200.0
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
944.1
971.5
971.5
892.4
892.3
(Revenues)
-807.0
-819.4
-819.4
756.2
756.2
Net NRC (including Inspector
General)
137.1
152.1
152.1
136.2
136.2
Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board
42.0
45.0
42.0
45.0
42.0
Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board
4.1
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
Denali Commission
17.0
-4.0
18.0
7.0
18.0
Delta Regional Authority
31.1
-25.0
32.0
-40.0a
32.0
5.0
-14.0b
5.0
42.0
Account
Great Lakes Authority
Northern Border Regional Commission
5.0
-5.0
41.0
-15.0
42.0
-90.0c
—
—
1.0
—
—
Southeast Crescent Regional
Commission
20.0
-10.0
20.0
-5.0d
20.0
Southwest Border Regional
Commission
5.0
-1.0
5.5
-1.0e
5.5
502.3
215.1
521.6
312.2
504.7
Rescissions and Adjustments
—
-60.0
—
-150.0
—
Adjusted Total
—
155.1
—
162.2
504.7
Northwest Regional Commission
Total Appropriation
Sources: H.Rept. 119-667; FY2027 budget request; H.R. 6938 (P.L. 119-74) and explanatory statement; FY2026
Administration budget request; P.L. 119-4 and explanatory statement.
Notes: E&W = Energy and Water Development. Rescissions (negative numbers) for federal regional
commissions and authorities (FRCAs) in the FY2026 and FY2027 requests are considered zero requests, and are
not included in the Total Appropriation. Instead, the negative numbers are included under Rescissions and
Adjustments and counted in the Adjusted Total. Columns may not sum to totals because of rounding. NRC is
required to collect annual fees equal to 100% of its appropriations, minus excluded activities. The FY2027
request for the Denali Commission is for closure purposes. The FY2027 request also proposed to end the
annual transfers from the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund (on the interest from the investment of the Trans-Alaska
Pipeline Liability Fund) to the Denali Commission and to cancel any remaining unobligated discretionary balances
from previous interest transfers. The FY2027 request for the Delta Regional Authority, Great Lakes Authority,
Northern Border Regional Commission, Southeast Crescent Regional Commission, and Southwest Border
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Regional Commission included amounts to be canceled from unobligated FRCA balances from prior-year
appropriation and cancellations from Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) balances.
FY2027 request for regional commissions and authorities are for closeout funds except for the Appalachian
Regional Commission.
a. $30 million in canceled unobligated discretionary funding and $10 million from IIJA.
b. Canceled unobligated discretionary funding.
c. $40 million in unobligated discretionary funding and $50 million from IIJA.
d. Canceled unobligated discretionary funding.
e. Canceled unobligated discretionary funding.
Table 6. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Funding Categories:
FY2025-FY2027 Actions
(budget authority in millions of nominal dollars)
FY2025
Approp
FY2026
Request
FY2026
Approp
FY2027
Request
FY2027
H. Com.
Nuclear Reactor Safety
484.9
502.3
502.3
460.7
460.7
Nuclear Materials and Waste Safety
117.2
113.5
113.5
107.7
107.7
Decommissioning and Low-Level Waste
24.7
27.9
27.9
24.8
24.8
Corporate Support
301.6
309.0
309.0
285.0
285.0
Integrated University Program
—
—
12.4
—
—
Prior-Year Balances
—
—
-12.4
—
—
Inspector General
15.8
18.8
18.8
14.2
14.2
944.1
971.5
971.5
892.3
892.3
Funding Category
Total
Sources: H.Rept. 119-667; FY2027 budget request; H.R. 6938 (P.L. 119-74) and explanatory statement; P.L.
119-4.
Note: Fee offsets and some adjustments are excluded (see Table 2).
Congressional Hearings
The following hearings were held by the Energy and Water Development subcommittees of the
House and Senate Appropriations Committees on the FY2027 budget request. Testimony and
opening statements are posted on most of the web pages cited for each hearing, along with
webcasts in many cases.
House Appropriations Committee Hearings
•
•
Corps of Engineers and Bureau of Reclamation, April 16, 2026,
https://appropriations.house.gov/schedule/hearings/budget-hearing-army-corpsengineers-and-bureau-reclamation
Department of Energy, April 15, 2026, https://appropriations.house.gov/schedule/
hearings/budget-hearing-department-energy
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Energy and Water Development: FY2027 Appropriations
Senate Appropriations Committee Hearings
•
•
National Nuclear Security Administration, April 29, 2026,
https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/hearings/a-review-of-the-presidentsfiscal-year-2027-budget-request-for-the-national-nuclear-security-administration
Department of Energy, April 22, 2026, https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/
hearings/a-review-of-the-presidents-fiscal-year-2027-budget-request-for-thedepartment-of-energy
Key Policy Staff
Area of Expertise
Name
General (Coordinators)
Mark Holt
Anna E. Normand
Corps of Engineers
Anna E. Normand
Nicole T. Carter
Bureau of Reclamation
Charles V. Stern
Renewable Energy
Martin C. Offutt
Energy Efficiency
Martin C. Offutt
Electricity
Martin C. Offutt
Fossil Energy
Lexie Ryan
Geothermal Energy
Morgan Smith
Hydrogen
Martin C. Offutt
Strategic Petroleum Reserve
Phillip Brown
Nuclear Energy
Mark Holt
Science, Fusion, and ARPA-E
Quantum Information Science
Artificial Intelligence
Todd Kuiken
Ling Zhu
Laurie Harris
Loan Programs
Phillip Brown
Nuclear Weapons Stewardship
Anya L. Fink
Nonproliferation
Mary Beth D. Nikitin
DOE Environmental Management
Lance N. Larson
Power Marketing Administrations
Charles V. Stern
Bonneville Power Administration
Charles V. Stern
Federal Regional Commissions and
Authorities
Julie M. Lawhorn
Appropriations Legislative Procedures
James V. Saturno
Bill Heniff
Megan S. Lynch
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Energy and Water Development: FY2027 Appropriations
Author Information
Mark Holt
Specialist in Energy Policy
Anna E. Normand
Specialist in Natural Resources Policy
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Congressional Research Service
R48944 · VERSION 5 · UPDATED
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