John Languirand, Cross-Appellant v. John Hayden, an Individual, City of Pass Christian, Etc., Cross-Appellee

How later courts described this case

• holding that in failure-to-train cases, the plaintiff must establish a pattern of similar incidents in which citizens were injured or endangered by intentional or negligent police misconduct, or that serious incompetence or misbehavior was general or widespread throughout the police force
• reversing jury verdict rendered under failure to train theory where there was no evidence of prior incidents to support a finding that municipal policymakers were "consciously indifferent" to constitutional rights
• observing that plaintiffs bringing § 1983 actions alleging police misconduct “must show that the defendant was adequately put on notice of prior misbehavior”
• municipal liability for failure to train requires “evidence at least of a pattern of similar incidents in which citizens were injured or endangered”

Written by the judges who cited it.