Order of restitution

The court, when sentencing a defendant convicted of an offense under this title, section 401, 408(a), 409, 416, 420, or 422(a) of the Controlled Substances Act ( 21 U.S.C. 841 , 848(a), 849, 856, 861, 863) (but in no case shall a participant in an offense under such sections be considered a victim of such offense under this section), or section 5124, 46312, 46502, or 46504 of title 49, other than an offense described in section 3663A(c), may order, in addition to or, in the case of a misdemeanor, in lieu of any other penalty authorized by law, that the defendant make restitution to any victim of such offense, or if the victim is deceased, to the victim’s estate. The court may also order, if agreed to by the parties in a plea agreement, restitution to persons other than the victim of the offense.

(Added Pub. L. 97–291, § 5(a) , Oct. 12, 1982 , 96 Stat. 1253 , § 3579; renumbered § 3663 and amended Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 212(a)(1) , (3), Oct. 12, 1984 , 98 Stat. 1987 , 2010; Pub. L. 98–596, § 9 , Oct. 30, 1984 , 98 Stat. 3138 ; Pub. L. 99–646 , §§ 8(b), 20(a), 77(a), 78(a), 79(a), Nov. 10, 1986 , 100 Stat. 3593 , 3596, 3618, 3619; Pub. L. 100–182, § 13 , Dec. 7, 1987 , 101 Stat. 1268 ; Pub. L. 100–185, § 12 , Dec. 11, 1987 , 101 Stat. 1285 ; Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, § 7042 , Nov. 18, 1988 , 102 Stat. 4399 ; Pub. L. 101–647, title XXV, § 2509 , title XXXV, § 3595, Nov. 29, 1990 , 104 Stat. 4863 , 4931; Pub. L. 103–272, § 5(e)(12) , July 5, 1994 , 108 Stat. 1374 ; Pub. L. 103–322, title IV , §§ 40504, 40505, Sept. 13, 1994 , 108 Stat. 1947 ; Pub. L. 104–132, title II, § 205(a) , Apr. 24, 1996 , 110 Stat. 1229 ; Pub. L. 104–294, title VI , §§ 601(r)(1), (2), 605( l ), Oct. 11, 1996 , 110 Stat. 3502 , 3510; Pub. L. 106–310, div. B, title XXXVI, § 3613(c) , Oct. 17, 2000 , 114 Stat. 1230 ; Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, § 7128(b) , Aug. 10, 2005 , 119 Stat. 1910 ; Pub. L. 110–326, title II, § 202 , Sept. 26, 2008 , 122 Stat. 3561 .)