Section 27.160 Chemistry

Section 27.160  Chemistry

By October 1, 2024, all candidates

for an endorsement in Science-Chemistry will be required to complete a program

aligned to the National Standards for Science Teacher Preparation (2012),

published by the National Science Teachers Association, 1840 Wilson Boulevard,

Arlington VA 22201, and posted at http://www.nsta.org/preservice/. (No later

amendments to or editions of these guidelines are incorporated.) The standards

effective until September 30, 2024 are as follows:

a)         In addition to the standards for all science teachers that are

set forth in Section 27.140, those who specialize in the teaching of chemistry

shall be required to meet the standards described in this Section.

b)         The competent chemistry teacher possesses basic scientific and

mathematical skills, utilizes safe laboratory practices, and is aware of issues

of public concern.

1)         Knowledge Indicators – The competent chemistry teacher:

A)        understands the appropriate mathematical skills for solving problems;

is aware of methods used in collecting, analyzing, and reporting data,

including basic statistical and computational concepts, and the use of

technology in the learning process.

B)        understands the appropriate experimental procedures and common

scientific equipment for measurement and determination of chemical reactions

and properties.

C)        understands chemical hygiene plans, safe and proper use of

equipment, and materials commonly used in chemistry laboratories, including

proper waste disposal and procedures for preventing and dealing with accidents

and injuries in the laboratory.

D)        understands the role of chemistry in daily life, including ways

in which basic research and the development of new technology affect society.

2)         Performance Indicators – The competent chemistry teacher:

A)        solves simple algebraic operations, uses scientific notation,

and plots and interprets graphs

or preventing and dealing with accidents

and injuries in the laboratory.

D)        understands the role of chemistry in daily life, including ways

in which basic research and the development of new technology affect society.

2)         Performance Indicators – The competent chemistry teacher:

A)        solves simple algebraic operations, uses scientific notation,

and plots and interprets graphs.

B)        uses computer programs to organize data and indicate

relationships.

C)        selects appropriate instrumentation and methods of chemical

analysis.

D)        implements an appropriate chemical hygiene plan as part of the

process of setting up and running a safe and effective chemistry laboratory

course.

E)        relates chemistry and technology to issues of societal

importance.

c)         The competent chemistry teacher understands and applies the

concepts of the nature of matter at the atomic level.

1)         Knowledge Indicators – The competent chemistry teacher:

A)        understands the chemical constitution of matter as elements,

compounds, and mixtures and the distinction between physical and chemical

changes.

B)        understands the development and central concepts of atomic

theory and atomic structure, including the quantum mechanical model.

C)        understands the names and electronic structure of common

elements and their ions.

D)        understands the periodic nature of the elements and the

relationship between their electron configuration and the periodic table.

E)        understands the description of the energy of an electron in an

atom or ion in terms of the four quantum numbers.

F)         understands the properties of an atomic nucleus that affect

its stability.

G)        understands nuclear decay sequences and products.

2)         Performance Indicators – The competent chemistry teacher:

A)        applies basic separation techniques based on differences in the

properties of matter

on of the energy of an electron in an

atom or ion in terms of the four quantum numbers.

F)         understands the properties of an atomic nucleus that affect

its stability.

G)        understands nuclear decay sequences and products.

2)         Performance Indicators – The competent chemistry teacher:

A)        applies basic separation techniques based on differences in the

properties of matter.

B)        describes the historical progression in the development of the

theory of the atom, including the contributions of Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford,

and Bohr.

C)        uses applicable principles to show the ground state electronic

configuration of the elements and their ions.

D)        explains the chemical and physical properties of the elements

in terms of electron configuration.

E)        explains the stability versus instability of specified nuclei

and their decay products.

F)         shows strategies for writing and balancing equations for

nuclear reactions.

d)         The competent chemistry teacher understands the combination of

elements to form bonds and the geometry and properties of the resulting

compounds.

1)         Knowledge Indicators – The competent chemistry teacher:

A)        understands the transfer of electrons in the formation of

ionically bonded materials, the sharing of electrons in covalently bonded

compounds, and the polarity of compounds in terms of electronegativity

differences.

B)        understands the concepts of hybridization, Valence Shell

Electron Pair Repulsion, and Lewis structures to describe molecular geometry

and bonding.

C)        understands general features and properties of compounds of

metals, nonmetals, and transition elements and materials derived from them.

D)        understands general features of three-dimensional structures,

bonding, molecular properties, and reactivity of organic molecules.

2)         Performance Indicators – The competent chemistry teacher:

A)        categorizes compounds as ionic, polar covalent, and nonpolar

covalent

s and properties of compounds of

metals, nonmetals, and transition elements and materials derived from them.

D)        understands general features of three-dimensional structures,

bonding, molecular properties, and reactivity of organic molecules.

2)         Performance Indicators – The competent chemistry teacher:

A)        categorizes compounds as ionic, polar covalent, and nonpolar

covalent.

B)        draws Lewis structures and describes the geometry of specified

compounds.

C)        describes geometry of coordination compounds based on

hybridization of the central atom.

D)        uses molecular models and predicts properties of organic

molecules based on bonding and structure.

e)         The competent chemistry teacher understands the nature and

properties of molecules in the gaseous, liquid, and solid states.

1)         Knowledge Indicators – The competent chemistry teacher:

A)        understands the kinetic molecular theory and its description of

solids, liquids, and gases.

B)        understands the combined gas laws, the ideal gas law, Dalton's

Law of Partial Pressures, and Graham's Law of Diffusion.

C)        understands intermolecular forces that explain the physical

properties of elements and compounds in all states of matter, classifying by

type of unit attraction.

2)         Performance Indicators – The competent chemistry teacher:

A)        explains the transitions between solids, liquids, and gases

using phase diagrams.

B)        describes the behavior of gases and demonstrates proper and

effective lab techniques for working with gases under various conditions.

C)        explains liquid properties in terms of intermolecular forces.

D)        classifies unknown solids as molecular, metallic, ionic, and

covalent network solids according to their physical and chemical properties.

f)         The competent chemistry teacher understands interactions of

particles in solution

proper and

effective lab techniques for working with gases under various conditions.

C)        explains liquid properties in terms of intermolecular forces.

D)        classifies unknown solids as molecular, metallic, ionic, and

covalent network solids according to their physical and chemical properties.

f)         The competent chemistry teacher understands interactions of

particles in solution.

1)         Knowledge Indicators – The competent chemistry teacher:

A)        understands concentrations and appropriate procedures for

preparing solutions.

B)        understands the mechanisms of the solution process, including

effects of temperature and pressure on solubility of liquids and gases.

C)        understands the colligative properties of solutions.

2)         Performance Indicators – The competent chemistry teacher:

A)        prepares solutions of specific concentrations (molality,

molarity, normality, mole fraction, and percent by weight).

B)        selects appropriate solvents for dissolution or purification of

solid compounds.

C)        applies colligative properties to practical solutions of

technological problems.

g)         The competent chemistry teacher understands acid-base

chemistry.

1)         Knowledge Indicators – The competent chemistry teacher:

A)        understands Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis concepts of

acids and bases.

B)        understands the relationship between acid and base strength and

molecular structure.

C)        understands how the chemical equilibrium of weak acids explains

buffered solutions.

2)         Performance Indicators – The competent chemistry teacher:

A)        uses the Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis concepts to

explain the pH of various solutions.

B)        prepares standardized solutions and conducts acid/base

titrations.

C)        explains how to prepare a buffer of a specified pH if given a

list of the Ka of various acids, and a standardized NaOH solution

lutions.

2)         Performance Indicators – The competent chemistry teacher:

A)        uses the Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis concepts to

explain the pH of various solutions.

B)        prepares standardized solutions and conducts acid/base

titrations.

C)        explains how to prepare a buffer of a specified pH if given a

list of the Ka of various acids, and a standardized NaOH solution.

h)         The competent chemistry teacher understands the laws of

thermodynamics and can apply them to chemical systems.

1)         Knowledge Indicators – The competent chemistry teacher:

A)        understands the relationships between enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs

free energy, and the equilibrium constant.

B)        understands the kinetic and thermodynamic dynamics that move a

reversible reaction to a position of chemical equilibrium.

C)        understands LeChatelier's Principle and its application to a

reversible reaction.

D)        understands oxidation/reduction reactions and their

relationship to standard reduction potentials.

E)        understands electrolysis reactions.

2)         Performance Indicators – The competent chemistry teacher:

A)        evaluates the energy potential of a variety of fuels in terms

of maximum possible useful work.

B)        evaluates the thermodynamic feasibility of various reactions

and performs appropriate thermodynamic calculations.

C)        demonstrates the implications of LeChatelier's Principle on a

variety of aqueous and gaseous equilibria.

D)        balances redox equations.

E)        devises and builds an electrochemical cell.

i)          The competent chemistry teacher understands the mechanisms of

chemical reactions and the theory and practical applications of reaction rates.

1)         Knowledge Indicators – The competent chemistry teacher:

A)        understands the classification of types of chemical reactions.

B)        understands common rate terms and experimental determination of

reaction rates as a function of concentration and time

t chemistry teacher understands the mechanisms of

chemical reactions and the theory and practical applications of reaction rates.

1)         Knowledge Indicators – The competent chemistry teacher:

A)        understands the classification of types of chemical reactions.

B)        understands common rate terms and experimental determination of

reaction rates as a function of concentration and time.

C)        understands the basics of collision and transition-state

theories and the significance of the Arrhenius equation.

D)        understands rate laws and their importance to mechanisms; rate

laws associated with common reactions and catalyzed reactions.

2)         Performance Indicators – The competent chemistry teacher:

A)        writes balanced equations to describe chemical reactions.

B)        experimentally determines and analyzes rate data and applies

them to mechanisms.

C)        explains how reactions occur, what factors are involved in

determining how fast a reaction proceeds, and the effects of temperature on

rates.

D)        uses kinetics to determine reaction mechanisms and explains

catalysis.

j)          The competent chemistry teacher understands major aspects of

organic chemistry.

1)         Knowledge Indicators – The competent chemistry teacher:

A)        understands the functional group classification and

nomenclature of organic compounds and general characteristics and reactions of

each group.

B)        understands the concepts and mechanisms of substitution,

addition, elimination, and other reactions of organic molecules.

C)        understands the importance and use of chromatography in the

separation and spectroscopy in the characterization of organic molecules.

D)        understands the general structure, properties and uses of

organic polymers, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and other practical products

the concepts and mechanisms of substitution,

addition, elimination, and other reactions of organic molecules.

C)        understands the importance and use of chromatography in the

separation and spectroscopy in the characterization of organic molecules.

D)        understands the general structure, properties and uses of

organic polymers, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and other practical products.

E)        understands the structure, properties, and function of common

biological molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids) and

how these biomolecules are used in processes necessary for life.

2)         Performance Indicators – The competent chemistry teacher:

A)        recognizes functional groups and predicts reactions thereof.

B)        writes simple mechanisms of organic reactions.

C)        sets up appropriate separation, purification, and

identification schemes for organic molecules.

D)        demonstrates and discusses practical organic materials.

E)        explains the overall biological function of common types of

biomolecules.