Rule Canon 1. A Judge Shall Uphold and Promote the Independence, Integrity, and Impartiality of the Judiciary, and Shall Avoid Impropriety and the Appearance of Impropriety

CJC

CANON 1

A JUDGE SHALL UPHOLD AND PROMOTE THE INDEPENDENCE, INTEGRITY,

AND IMPARTIALITY OF THE JUDICIARY, AND SHALL AVOID IMPROPRIETY AND

THE APPEARANCE OF IMPROPRIETY.

RULE 1.1. Compliance with the Law

A judge shall comply with the law,* including the Code of Judicial Conduct.

Comments

See Scope [6].

RULE 1.2. Promoting Confidence in the Judiciary

A judge shall act at all times in a manner that promotes public confidence in the

independence,* integrity,* and impartiality* of the judiciary, and shall avoid impropriety and the

appearance of impropriety.*

Comments

[1] Public confidence in the judiciary is eroded by improper conduct. This principle applies

to both the professional and personal conduct of a judge.

[2] A judge should expect to be the subject of public scrutiny that might be viewed as

burdensome if applied to other citizens, and must accept the restrictions imposed by the Code.

[3] Conduct that compromises the independence, integrity, and impartiality of a judge

undermines public confidence in the judiciary.

[4] Judges should participate in activities that promote ethical conduct among judges and

lawyers, support professionalism within the judiciary and the legal profession, and promote

access to justice for all.

[5] Actual improprieties include violations of law, court rules, or provisions of this Code.

The test for appearance of impropriety is whether the conduct would create in reasonable minds

a perception that the judge violated this Code or engaged in other conduct that reflects adversely

on the judge’s honesty, impartiality, temperament, or fitness to serve as a judge.

[6] A judge should initiate and participate in community outreach activities for the purpose

of promoting public understanding of and confidence in the administration of justice. In

conducting such activities, the judge must act in a manner consistent with this Code.

RULE 1.3. Avoiding Abuse of the Prestige of Judicial Office

sty, impartiality, temperament, or fitness to serve as a judge.

[6] A judge should initiate and participate in community outreach activities for the purpose

of promoting public understanding of and confidence in the administration of justice. In

conducting such activities, the judge must act in a manner consistent with this Code.

RULE 1.3. Avoiding Abuse of the Prestige of Judicial Office

A judge shall not abuse the prestige of judicial office to advance the personal or economic

interests* of the judge or others, or allow others to do so.

Comments

[1] It is improper for a judge to use or attempt to use their position to gain personal

advantage or deferential treatment of any kind. For example, it would be improper for a judge to

allude to their judicial status to gain favorable treatment in encounters with traffic officials.

Similarly, a judge must not use judicial letterhead to gain an advantage in conducting their

personal business.

[2] A judge may provide a reference or recommendation for an individual based upon the

judge’s personal knowledge. The judge may use official letterhead if the judge indicates that the

reference is personal and if there is no likelihood that the use of the letterhead would reasonably

be perceived as an attempt to exert pressure by reason of the judicial office.

[3] Judges may participate in the process of judicial selection by cooperating with

appointing authorities and screening committees, and by responding to inquiries from such

entities concerning the professional qualifications of a person being considered for judicial

office.

[4] Special considerations arise when judges write or contribute to publications of for-profit

entities, whether related or unrelated to the law. A judge should not permit anyone associated

with the publication of such materials to exploit the judge’s office in a manner that violates this

Rule or other applicable law

fessional qualifications of a person being considered for judicial

office.

[4] Special considerations arise when judges write or contribute to publications of for-profit

entities, whether related or unrelated to the law. A judge should not permit anyone associated

with the publication of such materials to exploit the judge’s office in a manner that violates this

Rule or other applicable law. In contracts for publication of a judge’s writing, the judge should

retain sufficient control over the advertising to avoid such exploitation.