DR 2-101. PUBLICITY
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Ohio Rules of Court › Judges and Attorneys › Ohio Code of Professional Responsibility (Disciplinary Rules) › Ohio DR 2-101
Text
A lawyer shall not, on his or her own behalf or that of a partner, associate, or other
lawyer affiliated with the lawyer or the lawyer's firm, use, or participate in the use of, any form of
public communication, including direct mail solicitation, that:
(1)
Contains any false, fraudulent, misleading, deceptive, self-laudatory, or unfair
statement;
(2)
Seeks employment in connection with matters in which the lawyer or law firm
does not intend to actively participate in the representation, but that the lawyer or law firm
intends to refer to other counsel, except that this provision shall not apply to organizations
defined in DR 2-103(D)(1);
(3)
Contains any testimonial of past or present clients pertaining to the lawyer's
capability;
(4)
Contains any claim that is not verifiable;
(5)
Contains characterizations of rates or fees chargeable by the lawyer or law firm,
such as "cut-rate,” “lowest," "giveaway," "below cost," "discount," and "special;" however, use of
characterizations of rates or fees such as "reasonable" and "moderate" is acceptable.
(B)
Subject to the limitations contained in these rules:
(1)
A lawyer or law firm may advertise services or the sale of a law practice through
newspapers, periodicals, trade journals, "shoppers," and similar print media, outdoor advertising,
radio and television, and written communication.
(2)
A lawyer or law firm may permit or purchase inclusion of information in a
telephone or city directory, subject to the following standards:
(a)
The lawyer's or the firm's name, address, and telephone number may be listed
alphabetically in the residential, business, or classified sections.
(b)
Listing or display advertising in the classified section shall be limited to one or
more of the following:
or law firm may permit or purchase inclusion of information in a
telephone or city directory, subject to the following standards:
(a)
The lawyer's or the firm's name, address, and telephone number may be listed
alphabetically in the residential, business, or classified sections.
(b)
Listing or display advertising in the classified section shall be limited to one or
more of the following:
(i)
under the general heading "Lawyers" or "Attorneys;"
(ii)
if a lawyer or a firm meets the requirements of DR 2-105(A)(1), under the
classification or heading identifying the field or area of practice in which the lawyer or firm is so
qualified;
(iii)
under a classification or heading that identifies the lawyer or firm by geographic
location, certification as a specialist pursuant to DR 2-105(A)(4) or (5), or field of law as
provided by DR 2-105(A)(6).
(c)
Nothing contained in this rule shall prohibit a lawyer or law firm from permitting
inclusion in reputable law lists and law directories intended primarily for the use of the legal
profession, of such information as has traditionally appeared in those publications.
(3)
Brochures or pamphlets containing biographical and informational data that is
acceptable under these rules may be disseminated directly to clients, members of the bar, or
others.
(C)
A communication is false or misleading if it satisfies any of the following:
(1)
Contains a material misrepresentation of fact or law, or omits a fact necessary to
make the statement considered as a whole not materially misleading;
(2)
Is likely to create an unjustified expectation about results the lawyer can achieve,
or states or implies that the lawyer can achieve results by means that violate the Code of
Professional Responsibility or other law;
he following:
(1)
Contains a material misrepresentation of fact or law, or omits a fact necessary to
make the statement considered as a whole not materially misleading;
(2)
Is likely to create an unjustified expectation about results the lawyer can achieve,
or states or implies that the lawyer can achieve results by means that violate the Code of
Professional Responsibility or other law;
(3)
Is subjectively self-laudatory, or compares a lawyer's services with other lawyers'
services, unless the comparison can be factually substantiated.
(D)
The following information with regard to lawyers, law firms, or members of firms
will be presumed to be informational rather than solely promotional or self-laudatory, and
acceptable for dissemination under these rules, if accurate and presented in a dignified manner:
(1)
Name or names of lawyer, law firm, and professional associates, together with
their addresses and telephone numbers, with designations such as "Lawyer," "Attorney," "Law
Firm";
(2)
Field or fields of practice, limitations of practice, or areas of concentration, but
only to the extent permitted by DR 2-105;
(3)
Date and place of birth;
(4)
Dates and places of admission to the bar of the state and federal courts;
(5)
Schools attended, with dates of graduation and degrees conferred;
(6)
Legal teaching positions held at accredited law schools;
(7)
Authored publications;
(8)
Memberships in bar associations and other professional organizations;
(9)
Technical and professional licenses;
(10)
Military service;
(11)
Foreign language abilities;
(12)
Subject to DR 2-103, prepaid or group legal service programs in which the lawyer
or firm participates;
(13)
Whether credit cards or other credit arrangements are accepted;
s;
(7)
Authored publications;
(8)
Memberships in bar associations and other professional organizations;
(9)
Technical and professional licenses;
(10)
Military service;
(11)
Foreign language abilities;
(12)
Subject to DR 2-103, prepaid or group legal service programs in which the lawyer
or firm participates;
(13)
Whether credit cards or other credit arrangements are accepted;
(14)
Office and telephone answering services hours.
(E)(1) Any of the following information with regard to fees and charges, if presented in a
dignified manner, is acceptable for communication to the public in the manner stipulated by DR
2-101(B):
(a)
Fee for an initial consultation;
(b)
Availability upon request of either a written schedule of fees or of an estimate of
the fee to be charged for specific services;
(c)
Contingent fee rates, subject to DR 2-106(C), provided that the statement
discloses whether percentages are computed before or after deduction of costs and expenses and
advises the public that, in the event of an adverse verdict or decision, the contingent fee litigant
could be liable for payment of court costs, expenses of investigation, expenses of medical
examinations, and costs incurred in obtaining and presenting evidence;
(d)
Fixed fee or range of fees for specific legal services or hourly fee rates, provided
the statement discloses that;
(i)
Stated fixed fees or range of fees will be available only to clients whose matters
are included among the specified services;
(ii)
If the client's matter is not included among the specified services or if no hourly
fee rate is stated, the client will be entitled, without obligation, to a specific written estimate of
the fee likely to be charged.
(2)(a) If a lawyer or a law firm quotes a fee for a service in an advertisement or direct
mail solicitation, the service must be rendered for no more than the fee advertised or quoted.
client's matter is not included among the specified services or if no hourly
fee rate is stated, the client will be entitled, without obligation, to a specific written estimate of
the fee likely to be charged.
(2)(a) If a lawyer or a law firm quotes a fee for a service in an advertisement or direct
mail solicitation, the service must be rendered for no more than the fee advertised or quoted.
(b)
Unless otherwise specified in the advertisement, if a lawyer or a law firm includes
any fee information in a publication that is published more frequently than one time per month,
the lawyer or law firm shall be bound by any representation made in the advertisement for a
period of not less than thirty days after such publication. If a lawyer or law firm publishes any
fee information in a publication that is published once a month or less frequently, the lawyer or
law firm shall be bound by any representation made in the advertisement until the publication of
the succeeding issue. If a lawyer or law firm advertises any fee information in a publication that
has no fixed date for publication of a succeeding issue, the lawyer or law firm shall be bound by
any representation made in the advertisement for a reasonable period of time after publication,
but in no event less than one year.
(c)
Unless otherwise specified, if a lawyer or law firm broadcasts any fee information
by radio or television, the lawyer or law firm shall be bound by any representation made in the
broadcast for a period of not less than thirty days after the date of the broadcast.
(F)(1) A lawyer shall not make any solicitation of legal business in person or by
telephone, except as provided in DR 2-103 and DR 2-104.
otherwise specified, if a lawyer or law firm broadcasts any fee information
by radio or television, the lawyer or law firm shall be bound by any representation made in the
broadcast for a period of not less than thirty days after the date of the broadcast.
(F)(1) A lawyer shall not make any solicitation of legal business in person or by
telephone, except as provided in DR 2-103 and DR 2-104.
(2)
A lawyer or law firm may engage in written solicitation by direct mail addressed
to persons or groups of persons who may be in need of specific legal service by reason of a
circumstance, condition, or occurrence that is known or, upon reasonable inquiry, could be
known to the soliciting lawyer or law firm, provided the letter of solicitation:
(a)
Discloses accurately and fully the manner in which the lawyer or law firm became
aware of and verified the identity and specific legal need of the addressee;
(b)
Disclaims any prior acquaintance or contact with the addressee and avoids any
personalization in approach unless the facts are otherwise;
(c)
Disclaims or refrains from expressing any predetermined evaluation of the merits
of the addressee's case;
(d)
Conforms to standards required by these rules with respect to information
acceptable for inclusion in media advertising by lawyers and law firms;
(e)
Includes in its text and on the envelope in which mailed, in red ink and in type no
smaller than 10 point, the recital –“ADVERTISEMENT ONLY.”
(3)
The provisions of division (F)(2) of this rule shall not apply to organizations
defined in DR 2-103(D)(1).
standards required by these rules with respect to information
acceptable for inclusion in media advertising by lawyers and law firms;
(e)
Includes in its text and on the envelope in which mailed, in red ink and in type no
smaller than 10 point, the recital –“ADVERTISEMENT ONLY.”
(3)
The provisions of division (F)(2) of this rule shall not apply to organizations
defined in DR 2-103(D)(1).
(4)
Prior to mailing a written solicitation of legal business pursuant to division (F)(2)
of this rule to a party who has been named as a defendant in a civil action, a lawyer or law firm
shall verify that the party has been served with notice of the action filed against that party.
Service shall be verified by consulting the docket of the court in which the action was filed to
determine whether mail, personal, or residence service has been perfected or whether service by
publication has been completed. Division (F)(4) of this rule shall not apply to the solicitation of
a debtor regarding representation of the debtor in a potential or actual bankruptcy action.
(G)
A lawyer shall not directly or indirectly compensate or give any thing of value to
representatives of the press, radio, television, or other communication medium in anticipation of
or in return for professional publicity in a news item.
(H)(1) If a communication is sent by a lawyer to a prospective client or a relative of a
prospective client within thirty days of an accident or disaster that gives rise to a potential claim
for personal injury or wrongful death, the following “Understanding Your Rights” must be
enclosed with the communication.
UNDERSTANDING YOUR RIGHTS*
If you have been in an accident, or a family member has been injured or
killed in a crash or some other incident, you have many important decisions to
make. We believe it is important for you to consider the following:
se to a potential claim
for personal injury or wrongful death, the following “Understanding Your Rights” must be
enclosed with the communication.
UNDERSTANDING YOUR RIGHTS*
If you have been in an accident, or a family member has been injured or
killed in a crash or some other incident, you have many important decisions to
make. We believe it is important for you to consider the following:
1.
Make and keep records - If your situation involves a motor vehicle crash, regardless of
who may be at fault, it is helpful to obtain a copy of the police report, learn the identity of any
witnesses, and obtain photographs of the scene, vehicles, and any visible injuries. Keep copies of
receipts of all your expenses and medical care related to the incident.
2.
You do not have to sign anything - You may not want to give an interview or recorded
statement without first consulting with an attorney, because the statement can be used against
you. If you may be at fault or have been charged with a traffic or other offense, it may be
advisable to consult an attorney right away. However, if you have insurance, your insurance
policy probably requires you to cooperate with your insurance company and to provide a
statement to the company. If you fail to cooperate with your insurance company, it may void
your coverage.
3.
Your interests versus interests of insurance company - Your interests and those of the
other person’s insurance company are in conflict. Your interests may also be in conflict with
your own insurance company. Even if you are not sure who is at fault, you should contact your
own insurance company and advise the company of the incident to protect your insurance
coverage.
4.
There is a time limit to file an insurance claim - Legal rights, including filing a lawsuit,
are subject to time limits. You should ask what time limits apply to your claim. You may need
to act immediately to protect your rights.
n if you are not sure who is at fault, you should contact your
own insurance company and advise the company of the incident to protect your insurance
coverage.
4.
There is a time limit to file an insurance claim - Legal rights, including filing a lawsuit,
are subject to time limits. You should ask what time limits apply to your claim. You may need
to act immediately to protect your rights.
5.
Get it in writing - You may want to request that any offer of settlement from anyone be
put in writing, including a written explanation of the type of damages which they are willing to
cover.
6.
Legal assistance may be appropriate - You may consult with an attorney before you
sign any document or release of claims. A release may cut off all future rights against others,
obligate you to repay past medical bills or disability benefits, or jeopardize future benefits. If
your interests conflict with your own insurance company, you always have the right to discuss
the matter with an attorney of your choice, which may be at your own expense.
7.
How to find an attorney - If you need professional advice about a legal problem but do
not know an attorney, you may wish to check with relatives, friends, neighbors, your employer or
co-workers who may be able to recommend an attorney. Your local bar association may have a
lawyer referral service that can be found in the Yellow Pages.
8.
Check a lawyer’s qualifications - Before hiring any lawyer, you have the right to know
the lawyer’s background, training, and experience in dealing with cases similar to yours.
9.
How much will it cost? - In deciding whether to hire a particular lawyer, you should
discuss, and the lawyer’s written fee agreement should reflect:
yer referral service that can be found in the Yellow Pages.
8.
Check a lawyer’s qualifications - Before hiring any lawyer, you have the right to know
the lawyer’s background, training, and experience in dealing with cases similar to yours.
9.
How much will it cost? - In deciding whether to hire a particular lawyer, you should
discuss, and the lawyer’s written fee agreement should reflect:
a.
How is the lawyer to be paid? If you already have a settlement offer, how
will that affect a contingent fee arrangement?
b.
How are the expenses involved in your case, such as telephone calls,
deposition costs, and fees for expert witnesses, to be paid? Will these costs be
advanced by the lawyer or charged to you as they are incurred? Since you are
obligated to pay all expenses even if you lose your case, how will payment be
arranged?
c.
Who will handle your case? If the case goes to trial, who will be the trial
attorney?
This information is not intended as a complete description of your legal rights, but as a
checklist of some of the important issues you should consider.
*THE SUPREME COURT OF OHIO, WHICH GOVERNS THE CONDUCT OF
LAWYERS IN THE STATE OF OHIO, NEITHER PROMOTES NOR PROHIBITS THE
DIRECT SOLICITATION OF PERSONAL INJURY VICTIMS. THE COURT DOES
REQUIRE THAT, IF SUCH A SOLICITATION IS MADE, IT MUST INCLUDE THE
ABOVE DISCLOSURE.
(2)
The communication described in division (H)(1) of this rule must meet all of the
other requirements of these rules.
(3)
The communication described in division (H)(1) of this rule applies to any
communication sent by a lawyer, on the lawyer’s behalf, or by the lawyer’s firm, partner,
associate, or any other lawyer affiliated with the lawyer or the lawyer’s firm.
This is a copy of a public record, reproduced as it was published. It is not legal advice, and it may not be the version a court would rely on. Check the official source before you cite it.