Rule 2.003. Disqualification of Judge

(A) Applicability. This rule applies to all judges, including justices of the Michigan Supreme

Court, unless a specific provision is stated to apply only to judges of a certain court. The

word “judge” includes a justice of the Michigan Supreme Court.

(B) Who May Raise. A party may raise the issue of a judge’s disqualification by motion or

the judge may raise it.

(C) Grounds.

(1) Disqualification of a judge is warranted for reasons that include, but are not limited

to, the following:

(a) The judge is biased or prejudiced for or against a party or attorney.

(b) The judge, based on objective and reasonable perceptions, has either (i) a

serious risk of actual bias impacting the due process rights of a party as

enunciated in Caperton v Massey, [556 US 868]; 129 S Ct 2252; 173 L Ed 2d

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1208 (2009), or (ii) has failed to adhere to the appearance of impropriety

standard set forth in Canon 2 of the Michigan Code of Judicial Conduct.

(c) The judge has personal knowledge of disputed evidentiary facts concerning the

proceeding.

(d) The judge has been consulted or employed as an attorney in the matter in

controversy.

(e) The judge was a partner of a party, attorney for a party, or a member of a law

firm representing a party within the preceding two years.

(f)

The judge knows that he or she, individually or as a fiduciary, or the judge’s

spouse, parent or child wherever residing, or any other member of the judge’s

family residing in the judge’s household, has more than a de minimis economic

interest in the subject matter in controversy that could be substantially impacted

by the proceeding.

(g) The judge or the judge’s spouse, or a person within the third degree of

relationship to either of them, or the spouse of such a person:

ouse, parent or child wherever residing, or any other member of the judge’s

family residing in the judge’s household, has more than a de minimis economic

interest in the subject matter in controversy that could be substantially impacted

by the proceeding.

(g) The judge or the judge’s spouse, or a person within the third degree of

relationship to either of them, or the spouse of such a person:

(i)

is a party to the proceeding, or an officer, director, or trustee of a party;

(ii) is acting as a lawyer in the proceeding;

(iii) is known by the judge to have a more than de minimis interest that could be

substantially affected by the proceeding;

(iv) is to the judge's knowledge likely to be a material witness in the

proceeding.

(2) Disqualification not warranted.

(a) A judge is not disqualified merely because the judge's former law clerk is an

attorney of record for a party in an action that is before the judge or is

associated with a law firm representing a party in an action that is before the

judge.

(b) A judge is not disqualified based solely upon campaign speech protected by

Republican Party of Minn v White, 536 US 765 (2002), so long as such speech

does not demonstrate bias or prejudice or an appearance of bias or prejudice for

or against a party or an attorney involved in the action.

(D) Procedure.

(1)(a)Time for Filing in the Trial Courts. To avoid delaying trial and inconveniencing the

witnesses, all motions for disqualification must be filed within 14 days of the

discovery of the grounds for disqualification. If the discovery is made within 14

days of the trial date, the motion must be made forthwith.

ejudice for

or against a party or an attorney involved in the action.

(D) Procedure.

(1)(a)Time for Filing in the Trial Courts. To avoid delaying trial and inconveniencing the

witnesses, all motions for disqualification must be filed within 14 days of the

discovery of the grounds for disqualification. If the discovery is made within 14

days of the trial date, the motion must be made forthwith.

(b) Time for Filing in the Court of Appeals. All motions for disqualification must

be filed within 14 days of disclosure of the judge’s assignment to the case or

within 14 days of the discovery of the grounds for disqualification. If a party

discovers the grounds for disqualification within 14 days of a scheduled oral

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argument or argument on the application for leave to appeal, the motion must

be made forthwith.

(c) Time for Filing in the Supreme Court. If an appellant is aware of grounds for

disqualification of a justice, the appellant must file a motion to disqualify with

the application for leave to appeal. All other motions must be filed within 28

days after the filing of the application for leave to appeal or within 28 days of

the discovery of the grounds for disqualification. If a party discovers the

grounds for disqualification within 28 days of a scheduled oral argument or

argument on the application for leave to appeal, the motion must be made

forthwith.

All requests for review by the entire Court pursuant to subsection (3)(b) must be

made within 14 days of the entry of the decision by the individual justice.

f

the discovery of the grounds for disqualification. If a party discovers the

grounds for disqualification within 28 days of a scheduled oral argument or

argument on the application for leave to appeal, the motion must be made

forthwith.

All requests for review by the entire Court pursuant to subsection (3)(b) must be

made within 14 days of the entry of the decision by the individual justice.

(d) Untimely Motions. Untimely motions in the trial court, the Court of Appeals,

and the Supreme Court may be granted for good cause shown. If a motion is not

timely filed in the trial court, the Court of Appeals, or the Supreme Court,

untimeliness is a factor in deciding whether the motion should be granted.

(2) All Grounds to be Included; Affidavit. In any motion under this rule, the moving

party must include all grounds for disqualification that are known at the time the

motion is filed. An affidavit must accompany the motion.

(3) Ruling.

(a) For courts other than the Supreme Court, the challenged judge shall decide the

motion. If the challenged judge denies the motion,

(i)

in a court having two or more judges, on the request of a party, the

challenged judge shall refer the motion to the chief judge, who shall decide

the motion de novo;

(ii) in a single-judge court, or if the challenged judge is the chief judge, on the

request of a party, the challenged judge shall refer the motion to the state

court administrator for assignment to another judge, who shall decide the

motion de novo.

or more judges, on the request of a party, the

challenged judge shall refer the motion to the chief judge, who shall decide

the motion de novo;

(ii) in a single-judge court, or if the challenged judge is the chief judge, on the

request of a party, the challenged judge shall refer the motion to the state

court administrator for assignment to another judge, who shall decide the

motion de novo.

(b) In the Supreme Court, if a justice’s participation in a case is challenged by a

written motion or if the issue of participation is raised by the justice himself or

herself, the challenged justice shall decide the issue and publish his or her

reasons about whether to participate.

If the challenged justice denies the motion for disqualification, a party may move for

the motion to be decided by the entire Court. The entire Court shall then decide the

motion for disqualification de novo. The Court’s decision shall include the reasons

for its grant or denial of the motion for disqualification. The Court shall issue a

written order containing a statement of reasons for its grant or denial of the motion

for disqualification. Any concurring or dissenting statements shall be in writing.

(4) If Disqualification Motion is Granted.

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(a) For courts other than the Supreme Court, when a judge who is not a business

court judge is disqualified, the action must be assigned to another judge of the

same court, or, if one is not available, the state court administrator must assign

another judge.

(b) When a judge who is a business court judge is disqualified, the action must be

assigned to another business court judge of the same circuit, or if one is not

available, the state court administrator must assign a business court judge from

a different circuit.

assigned to another judge of the

same court, or, if one is not available, the state court administrator must assign

another judge.

(b) When a judge who is a business court judge is disqualified, the action must be

assigned to another business court judge of the same circuit, or if one is not

available, the state court administrator must assign a business court judge from

a different circuit.

(c) In the Supreme Court, when a justice is disqualified, the underlying action will

be decided by the remaining justices of the Court.

(E) Waiver of Disqualification. Parties to the proceeding may waive disqualification even

where it appears that there may be grounds for disqualification of the judge. Such waiver

may occur whether the grounds for disqualification were raised by a party or by the

judge, so long as the judge is willing to participate. Any agreement to waive the

disqualification must be made by all parties to the litigation and shall be in writing or

placed on the record.