Categories of Litigation

The provisions of this chapter apply to all prosecutions initiated pursuant to the statutes identified below. While all of them are considered environmental crimes, for convenient reference they are divided into four groups: pollution crimes, wildlife crimes, animal welfare crimes, and worker safety crimes.

Pollution Crimes

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)

, 7 U.S.C. §§ 136y

Energy Supply and Environmental Coordination Act

, 15 U.S.C. §§ 791-798

Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)

, 15 U.S.C. §§ 2601-2697

Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act

, 30 U.S.C. §§ 1201-1211

Rivers and Harbors Appropriations Act,

33 U.S.C. § 403, and

Refuse Act

, 33 U.S.C. § 407

Federal Water Pollution Control Act

(Clean Water Act)

, 33 U.S.C. §§ 1251-1388

Marine Protection Research and Sanctuaries Act

(Ocean Dumping Act),

33 U.S.C. §§ 1401-1445

Deepwater Port Act

, 33 U.S.C. §§ 1501-1524

Act to Prevent Pollution From Ships

, 33 U.S.C. §§ 1901-1915

Safe Drinking Water Act

, 42 U.S.C. §§ 300f-300j-27

Atomic Energy Act

, 42 U.S.C. §§ 2011-2296b-7 (violations under 42 U.S.C. §§ 2272 and 2273)

Noise Control Act

, 42 U.S.C. §§ 4901-4918

Solid Waste Disposal Act

(including, in Subchapter III, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)),

42 U.S.C. §§ 6901-6992k

Clean Air Act

, 42 U.S.C. §§ 7401-7671q

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)

, 42 U.S.C. §§ 9601-9675

Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA)

(SARA Title III),

42 U.S.C. §§ 11001-11050

Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act

, 43 U.S.C. §§ 1331-1356b

Federal Hazardous Material Transportation Law

, 49 U.S.C. §§ 5101-5128

Wildlife Crimes

Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act

, 16 U.S.C. §§ 661-667e

Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act

, 16 U.S.C. §§ 668-668

National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act

, 16 U.S.C. §§ 668dd-668ee

Sikes Act

, 16 U.S.C. §§ 670a-670o

Migratory Bird Treaty Act

, 16 U.S.C. §§ 703-712

Migratory Bird Conservation Act

, 16 U.S.C

zardous Material Transportation Law

, 49 U.S.C. §§ 5101-5128

Wildlife Crimes

Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act

, 16 U.S.C. §§ 661-667e

Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act

, 16 U.S.C. §§ 668-668

National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act

, 16 U.S.C. §§ 668dd-668ee

Sikes Act

, 16 U.S.C. §§ 670a-670o

Migratory Bird Treaty Act

, 16 U.S.C. §§ 703-712

Migratory Bird Conservation Act

, 16 U.S.C. §§ 715-715r

Airborne Hunting Act,

16 U.S.C. §§ 742j-1

Northern Pacific Halibut Act of 1982

, 16 U.S.C. §§  773-773k

Whaling Convention Act

, 16 U.S.C. §§ 916-916<i>l</i>

Fur Seal Act of 1966

, 16 U.S.C. §§ 1151-1175<i> </i>

Marine Mammal Protection Act

, 16 U.S.C. §§ 1361-1423h

Endangered Species Act of 1973

, 16 U.S.C. §§ 1531-1544

Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act

, 16 U.S.C. §§ 1801-1891d

Antarctic Conservation Act

, 16 U.S.C. §§ 2401-2413

Antarctic Marine Living Resources Convention

, 16 U.S.C. §§ 2431-2444

Lacey Act Amendments of 1981 (Lacey Act)

, 16 U.S.C. §§ 3371-3378, 18 U.S.C. § 42

Atlantic Salmon Convention Act

, 16 U.S.C. §§ 3601-3608

Pacific Salmon Fishing Act

, 16 U.S.C. §§ 3631-3645

African Elephant Conservation Act

, 16 U.S.C. §§ 4201-4246

Wild Exotic Bird Conservation Act

, 16 U.S.C. §§ 4901-4916

North Pacific Anadromous Stocks Convention Act

, 16 U.S.C. §§ 5001-5012

Atlantic Coastal Fisheries Cooperative Management Act

, 16 U.S.C. §§ 5101-5108

Rhinoceros and Tiger Conservation Act

, 16 U.S.C. §§ 5301-5306

High Seas Fishing Compliance Act

, 16 U.S. C. §§ 5501-5509

Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Convention Act

, 16 U.S.C. §§ 5601-5612

Hunting, fishing, trapping; disturbance or injury on wildlife refuge,

18 U.S.C. § 41

Animal Welfare Crimes

Humane Methods of Livestock Slaughter Act

, 7 U.S.C. §§ 1901-1907 (including violations cross-referenced under 21 U.S.C. §§ 601-626)

Animal Welfare Act

, 7 U.S.C. §§ 2131-2159

Animal Fighting Prohibition Enforcement Act

, 7 U.S.C. § 2156, 18 U.S.C. § 49

Horse Protection Act

, 15 U.S.C. §§ 1821-1831

Animal Crush Video Prohibition Act

, 18 U.S.C

wildlife refuge,

18 U.S.C. § 41

Animal Welfare Crimes

Humane Methods of Livestock Slaughter Act

, 7 U.S.C. §§ 1901-1907 (including violations cross-referenced under 21 U.S.C. §§ 601-626)

Animal Welfare Act

, 7 U.S.C. §§ 2131-2159

Animal Fighting Prohibition Enforcement Act

, 7 U.S.C. § 2156, 18 U.S.C. § 49

Horse Protection Act

, 15 U.S.C. §§ 1821-1831

Animal Crush Video Prohibition Act

, 18 U.S.C. § 48

Worker Safety Crimes

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)

, 29 U.S.C. §§ 651

Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act

, 29 U.S.C. §§ 1801-1872

Mine Safety and Health Act (MSHA) of 1977

, 30 U.S.C. §§ 801-966

Atomic Energy Act,

42 U.S.C. §§ 2272-2297h–13

*Due to the unique history of Mine Safety and Health Act (MSHA) enforcement, at the election of the United States Attorney, the responsibility for the investigation and prosecution of MSHA cases will rest with the United States Attorney’s Office.  When the United States Attorney makes such an election for a particular case, the United States Attorney’s Office will notify the Environmental Crimes Section of the election to prosecute the case (as required in JM 5-11.103), and of its disposition (as required in JM 5-11.108).  If a United States Attorney’s Office makes such an election to solely handle a MSHA case or matter within its district, it may also solely handle any appeal in the case or matter.  In such an appeal, the United States Attorney’s Office will provide reasonable notice to ENRD and a copy of the draft brief for comment prior to filing.

[cited in

JM 5-11.102

;

JM 5-11.109

;

JM 5-11.112

;

JM 5-11.114

;

JM 5-11.115

;

JM 5-11.117

;

JM 5-11.119

]

[updated May 2018]