Documents

Political Campaign Contributions and Congress: A Legal Primer

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Sep 8, 2020

These limits are periodically adjusted for inflation in odd-numbered years. … For discussion of the Hatch Act, see CRS In Focus IF11512, The Hatch Act: A Primer, by Whitney K. Novak.

FY2024 Appropriations: Potential Effects of a Government Shutdown on Illustrative Agencies, Programs, and Activities

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Nov 16, 2023

Therefore, it would not be able to accept regulatory submissions with fees during the lapse period. … other mines are to be periodically inspected, continue to conduct periodic inspections of mines.68 In addition, MSHA would continue the following activities: investigations of targeted mines, specific

The Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015: Expiring Provisions

Congressional research report · In Focus · Sep 3, 2026

Considerations for Reauthorization Congress may choose to do a clean extension, whereby only the expiration of the act is amended to a later date. … Duration of a Potential Extension Congress originally authorized the act for 10 years. Congress may choose to extend this period for any duration lawmakers wish.

Mootness: An Explanation of the Justiciability Doctrine

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Feb 7, 2007

One commentator has defined mootness as “the doctrine of standing set in a time frame: The requisite personal interest that must exist at the commencement of the litigation (standing) must continue throughout … The Supreme Court explained why the exception should be invoked in this instance: [W]hen, as here, pregnancy is a significant fact in the litigation, the normal 266-day human gestation period is so short

FY2025 NDAA: Security Cooperation

Congressional research report · CRS Insight · Sep 30, 2024

The provision would also extend the period of availability of funds from two to three years. … Section 1536 would require the Secretary of Defense to work with Jordan to establish further air and missile defense capabilities and bolster Jordan’s participation in a multilateral integrated air and

Defense Primer: Future Years Defense Program (FYDP)

Congressional research report · In Focus · Dec 18, 2025

The FYDP projects DOD funding and manpower needs over a five-year period, and force structure needs over an eight-year period. … FY2026 FYDP Period Source: CRS graphic based on DOD Directive 7045.14.

Ballistic Missile Defense: Historical Overview

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jan 28, 2008

It may be updated periodically. … Throughout this period, Congress tendered strong support for the ABM Treaty.

Taiwan’s Political Status: Historical Background and Its Implications for U.S. Policy

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Nov 3, 2009

to Taiwan under the Taiwan Relations Act (in S. 1390, the National Defense Authorization Act for FY2010, introduced July 2, 2009). … These issues crop up periodically in congressional debate in ways that occasionally prompt comment from U.S. government officials.

Emergency Arms Sales to the Middle East: Context and Legislative History

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jun 7, 2019

U.S. mid-air refueling of coalition aircraft began in April 2015 and ended in November 2018. … On May 22, Saudi authorities requested that the United States promptly provide Stinger missile systems to assist in air defense operations.

Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg as a Deciding Vote on the Supreme Court: Select Data

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Sep 25, 2020

Judicial System; Environmental Law State had standing to challenge the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) alleged failure to regulate greenhouse gases adequately; greenhouse gases fit within the Clean … Air Act’s definition of “air pollutant” and therefore fell within EPA’s regulatory authority.

Thirty-Five Years of Water Policy: The 1973 National Water Commission and Present Challenges

Congressional research report · CRS Report · May 11, 2009

Many of the water and natural environment concerns raised by the NWC have been addressed via implementation of environmental laws at their infancy in 1973—for example NEPA, ESA, and the Clean Water Act … Amendments of 1972 (P.L. 92-500; 33 U.S.C. §1251 et seq., commonly referred to as the Clean Water Act (CWA)).

Whales and Sonar: Environmental Exemptions for the Navy's Mid-Frequency Active Sonar Training

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Feb 18, 2009

Marine mammals are protected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) and some under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). … The plaintiffs asked the Air Force to conduct a supplemental EIS prior to the flights, but the Air Force sought alternative arrangements from the CEQ.

Public Transportation Capital Investment Grant (New Starts) Program: Background and Issues for Congress

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jun 20, 2016

New Starts include BRT projects in which the majority of the project operates in a separated right-of-way dedicated to public transportation during peak periods. … Environmental benefits in the previous evaluation scheme were based solely on an area’s air quality designation.

Corporate Criminal Liability: An Overview of Federal Law

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Oct 30, 2013

Compagnie Nationale Air France, 78 F.3d 664, 670 n.6 (D.C. … Code for which mandatory restitution is not required;210 • transportation of hazardous materials;211 • air transportation of hazardous materials;212 • air piracy;213 • interference with a flight

Climate Change: Comparison and Analysis of S. 1151 and the Draft "Climate and Economy Insurance Act of 2005"

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jul 18, 2005

CRS-2 from related air quality and energy policies are included in the decision-making process on new or modified rules. … The second is to enact a market-oriented greenhouse gas reduction program along the lines of the trading provisions of the current acid rain reduction program established by the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments

Issues in International Trade Law: Restricting Exports of Electronic Waste

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Feb 24, 2012

Environmental impacts reportedly include contamination of the local soil, air, surface water, and groundwater. … In U.S. – Gasoline,109 for example, the Appellate Body found that a regulation prescribing the methods for measuring compliance with the Clean Air Act’s gasoline standards did not satisfy the requirements

Homeland Security: Protecting Airspace in the National Capital Region

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Sep 1, 2005

While these actions have served to enhance accessibility to the NCR by GA aircraft in furtherance of air commerce in the region, the Capitol Airspace Enforcement Act (H.R. 3465) seeks to impose statutory … The Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ).

The Exon-Florio National Security Test for Foreign Investment

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Mar 29, 2013

provision and P.L. 110-49 to direct the Chinese-owned Ralls Corporation to divest itself of four wind turbine project companies in Boardman, Oregon, that were in or within the vicinity of restricted air … Others opposed the acquisition because A123 Systems had received nearly $250 million in a federal grant to support clean energy, although half of the grant was never released.

Fact Sheet: Selected Highlights of the FY2017 National Defense Authorization Act (H.R. 4909, S. 2943)

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Dec 19, 2016

Disband 1 (of 10) activeduty carrier air wings (requiring change in current law) Would reject the reduction in carrier air wings; adds $86 million for wing operations (in OCO funds). … Would allow the reduction to 9 active-duty carrier air wings (section 1088).

Expedited Citizenship Through Military Service: Current Law, Policy, and Issues

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Feb 25, 2009

The statutes concern enlistment in the Army, Air Force, and Reserve components. … Formerly at Department of the Army, Army Regulation 601-280, Army Retention Program, §4-9.k (March 31, 1999); substance deleted from current version (June 31, 2006). 47 Secretary of the Air Force, Air