Secretarial Election

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Pueblo of Laguna

Secretarial Election

OverView

§ Secretarial Election:

§

What is a Secretarial Election (Constitutional Amendment)

This is a federal election, not a tribal election

Amendments

Removal of secretarial approval

Removal of 2-year enrollment requirement

§ Education of our constitutional evolution

§ The BIA voting process

§ Native America watches Laguna– Leadership

§ Our Future

•

What will we leave for our children? What will we leave for our

grandchildren? What will we leave for our grandchildren’s children.

HealthyDiscussion

§ Respect the comments/views of others,

even if you don’t agree with them

§ Be mindful of others opportunity to comment

§ Listen and think

§ Nurturing our future with positive thought

§ Think inclusive

§ Think Core Values

CoreValues

•

Life

Abilities

Clans

Subsistence

Confidence/

Competence

• Environment

•

Love

Respect

Discipline

Obedience

TraditionalGovernance

(Pre-Imposition)

TraditionalGovernance

(Pre-Imposition)

Laguna Governance !

Caciques

Civic

Leadership

Religious

Medicine

Societies

System!

Helpers

1826FirstGovernor

Caciques,

Governor

Religious &

Lieutenant Gov’s.

Medicine Societies

Leadership

§

Governor Romero

1831TrustDoctrine

What is the Federal Indian Trust Responsibility?

• "The Federal Indian Trust Responsibility is a legal obligation under which

the United States Congress has charged itself with moral obligations of

the highest responsibility and trust toward American Indian tribes

(Seminole Nation v. United States, 1942; Cherokee Nation v. Georgia,

1831).

• Wards of the government

• "The federal Indian trust responsibility holds the United States legally

responsible for the protection of tribal lands, assets, resources, and

treaty rights. The Supreme Court suggests that the Federal Indian Trust

Responsibility entails legal duties, moral obligations, and the fulfillment

of understandings and expectations that have arisen over the entire

course of dealings between the U.S. and the tribes.”

• 1848 US takes its place over Mexico and NM becomes a territory

§ 1824 BIA Created in Dept. of War –

Genocide period

1863LincolnCanes

§ We’re not U.S. Citizens

§ Secretarial approval non-existent

§ Kill the Indian save the man still alive

§ Beginning of a new wave of people

entering Laguna

§ Critical of Mexican/Spanish influence

§ Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo

1877FirstElection

§

Caciques,

Governor

Religious &

Lieutenant Gov’s.

Medicine Societies

§

Leadership

Impact and

influence of

education &

boarding schools

Presbyterian,

Protestant, Catholic,

Baptist factions

increase influence

on society and

political structure

Exiting from Laguna

in 1879

1877FirstElection

1885RailRoad

§ Flower of Friendship

§ U.S. vs. Joseph (“Pueblos are not Indians”)

§ Sanatorium

1885RailRoad

§

Influx of many new people to our community. They were staying and

integrating themselves into the Pueblo (Marmons, Gunns, Pradts, etc)

1900RailRoadEra

Pablo Abeita (1871-1940)

Pablo Abeita was a Governor of Isleta and a

well recognized leader of Isleta Pueblo. He

was educated in a Jesuit School at Old

Albuquerque and then St. Michaels College in

Santa Fe. In 1889, he was appointed to the All

Indian Pueblo Council at the age of nineteen.

In 1913, he was appointed as a judge and

elected Secretary of the AIPC.

Quote from Elsie Clews Parson, written in a

footnote:

Lucinda observed in this connection that Pablo

Abeita (the chief of the White Corn group and

the most influential personality of Isleta) “hates

the Laguna people and wants to cut their

ways.”

1900RailRoadEra

1908FirstConstitution

13.

Caciques,

Governor

Religious &

Lieutenant Gov’s.

Medicine Societies

Fiscales

Leadership

War Captains

That the foregoing Laws, ByLaws and constitution shall

be in full force and effect on

and after January 1, 1908;

and that after this date all

other written laws and

regulations of the Pueblo of

Laguna, not embodied in

the foregoing, shall be

declared null and void.

1924IndianCitizenshipAct

•

We were not considered citizens prior to this date

Allotment Era was still in place.

This was a means to further the assimilation process

New “identity” is now imposed on us: U.S. Citizens

1934IRA

• Addressed five (5) areas: Land, members, governing body,

elections, and referendums and recalls

• The creation of tribal constitutions was born in this period.

• Constitutions were not mandated, but was the discretion of the

tribe to accept a constitution.

• Current day Pueblos: 13 Theocratic governments and 6

constitutional governments

• Provided an option to organize

1940CENSUS

SHEET NO.

ENUMERATION DISTRICT NO.

COUNTY

683(59,625¶6',675,&712

1940 Federal C ensus

ENUMERATED BY ME ON

TOWNSHIP OR OTHER DIVISION OF COUNTY

, 1940

, ENUMERATOR

INCORPORATED PLACE

I n what place did this pe rson live on April 1, 1935?

For a person who lived in a different place, enter city or

town, county, and State.

City, town,

or village

having

State (or

2,600 or

Territory

County

or foreign

inhabitants

country)

If less, enter

³5´

If foreign born, give country

in which birthplace was

situated on Jan. 1, 1937.

Distinguish: Canada-French

from Canada-English and

Irish Free State from

Northern Ireland.

Number of Farm Schedule

INDUSTRY

Industry or business, as²

Cotton m ill

Retail g rocery

F arm

Shipyard

Public school

Did this person receive

income of $50 or more from

sources other than money

wages or salary (Y or N)

OCCUPATION

Trade, profession, or

particular kind of work, as ±

F ra m e spinner

S alesm an

Laborer

Rivet heater

Music tea cher

Amount of money, wages or

salary received (including

commissions)

Duration of unemployment up to

March 30, 1940 ±

in weeks.

INCOME IN 1939

(12 months ending

Dec. 31, 1939.)

Number of weeks worked in 1939

(Equivalent full-time weeks)

Number of hours

worked during

week of March 2430, 1940.

OCCUPATION, INDUSTRY, AND CLASS OF WORKER

)RUDSHUVRQDWZRUNDVVLJQHGWRSXEOLFHPHUJHQF\ZRUNRUZLWKDMRE ³<HV´

in col. 21, 22, or 24), enter present occupation, industry, and class of worker.

For a person seeking worN ³<HV´LQFRO D LIKH has previous work

experience, enter last occupation, industry, and class of worker; or (b) if he does

not have previous ZRUNH[SHULHQFHHQWHU³1HZZRUNHU´LQ&RODQGOHDYH

Cols. 29-30 blank.

CODE (leave blank)

CODE

³<HV´LQFRO

If seeking

work or

assigned to

public

emergency

work.

³<HV´LQFRO

22 or 23

Indicate whether

engaged in home

housework (H), in

school (S), unable

to work (U), or

other (Ot).

³1R´WRTXHVWLRQV

21-24.

If at private or

nonemergency

Govt. work.

If not seeking

work, did he

HAVE A JOB,

business, etc.?

(Y or N)

(³NR´ in cols. 21 &22)

For persons answering

Class of Worker

If neither at work nor

assigned to public

emergency work.

Was this person

SEEKING

WORK?

(Y or N)

If not, was he at work on, or assigned

to, public EMERGENCY WORK (WPA,

NYA, CCC, etc.) during week of March

24-30?

Was this person AT WORK for pay or

profit in private or nonemergency

Govt. work during week of March 2430?

(Y or N)

Line No.

PERSONS 14 YEARS OLD AND OVER ± EMPLOYMENT STATUS

National Archives and Records Administration

NA 14129 (6-09)

1$5$¶VZHEVLWHLs http://www.archives.gov

CODE (Leave Blank)

Highest grade of school

completed

Attended school or college

at any time since March 1,

1940?

Farm? (Yes or No)

Marital Status

Value of home or Monthly

rental if rented.

RESIDENCE, APRIL 1, 1935

If born in U.S. give state,

territory or possession.

Relationship of

this person to the

head of the

household, as

wife, daughter,

father, mother-inlaw, grandson,

ORGJHUORGJHU¶V

wife, servant,

hired hand, etc.

Age at Last Birthday

Home owned (O) or rented

(R)

CITIZENSHIP

PLACE OF BIRTH

Color or Race

No. of Household in order of

visitation

BE SURE TO INCLUDE:

1. Persons temporarily absent from household.

:ULWH³$E´DIWHUQDPHVRIVXFKSHUVRQV

&KLOGUHQXQGHU\HDURIDJH:ULWH³,QIDQW´LI

child has not been given a first name.

Enter x after name of person furnishing

information.

EDUCATION

Sex

House Number

Name of each person whose usual

place of residence on April 1,

1940, was in this household.

INSTITUTION

UNINCORPORATED PLACE

PERSONAL

DESCRIPTION

RELATION

CODE (Leave Blank)

NAME

Citizenship of the

foreign born

BLOCK NO.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Street, Avenue, road, etc.

Line No.

LOCATION

CODE (Leave Blank)

WARD OF CITY

On a Farm?

(Y or N)

STATE

1949Amendment

• Compliance to IRA and inclusion of census/membership was

main driver of this amendment

• First acknowledgement of Secretarial Approval

• Blood quantum was NOT a qualifier for membership on the

Laguna roles in 1949

• Laguna is welcoming and extends hospitality

• This is done on the verge of the termination act. Was this done

more for the purpose of self protection to not be terminated?

1958Amendment

• Blood quantum becomes a qualifier

• Tribe is now receiving royalties…

• This is the termination period and the weapons era

• Blood quantum a self imposed element

SelfDetermination

• P.L. 93-638

• Indian Civil Rights Act

• High point of uranium mining operations

• Life is good, our Pueblo has money. But…..has

complacency and “entitlement thinking” set in?

• Speigel Law firm

• Is the practice of core values diminishing? How is that

impacting sovereignty

1984AMENDMENT

2-YEAR RESTRICTION IMPOSED

TheUndesiredFuture

TheDesiredFuture

Governor

Caciques,

Lieutenant Gov’s.

Religious &

U.S. Government

Fiscales

Medicine Societies

War Captains

Leadership

SERVICE

WER

TheDesiredFuture

1. It is in our hands to mold

2. A future based on family, community and core values

3. What will we leave for our children? What will we leave

for our grandchildren?

4. What can we change? Behaviors?

CommunityDNA

Self

Convenience

Influence

Manipulation

OurHope

1. We have provided information that will help you make

an informed decision

2. As a reminder…..

3. You participate in the special secretarial election – our

future will be influenced by it

ThankYou

Comments/

Questions

REMINDER:

October 19th, 2012

Last day to mail or

hand-deliver ballot

This is a copy of a public record, reproduced as it was published. It is not legal advice, and it may not be the version a court would rely on. Check the official source before you cite it.