Approval and Promulgation of State Plans for Designated Facilities and Pollutants: Arizona

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 62

[AZ 014-MSWa; FRL-6440-2]

Approval and Promulgation of State Plans for Designated

Facilities and Pollutants: Arizona

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Direct final rule.

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SUMMARY: EPA is approving the Arizona State Plan for implementing the

emissions guidelines (EG) applicable to existing municipal solid waste

(MSW) landfills. The Plan was submitted by the Arizona Department of

Environmental Quality (ADEQ) for the State of Arizona to satisfy

requirements of section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act (the Act).

DATES: This direct final rule is effective on November 19, 1999 without

further notice, unless EPA receives relevant adverse comments by

October 20, 1999. If EPA receives such comments, then it will publish a

timely withdrawal in the Federal Register informing the public that

this rule will not take effect.

ADDRESSES: Comments must be submitted to Andrew Steckel at the Region

IX office listed below. Copies of the submitted Plan and EPA's

evaluation report are available for public inspection at EPA's Region

IX office during normal business hours. Copies of the submitted Plan

are available for inspection at the following locations:

Rulemaking Office (AIR-4), Air Division, U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency, Region IX, 75 Hawthorne Street, San Francisco, CA 94105

Air Quality Division, Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, 3033

N. Central Avenue, Phoenix, Arizona 85012

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Patricia A. Bowlin, (AIR-4), Air

Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region IX, 75 Hawthorne

Street, San Francisco, CA 94105-3901, Telephone: (415) 744-1188.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Background

Under section 111(d) of the Act, EPA has established procedures

whereby States submit plans to control certain existing sources of

``designated pollutants.'' Designated pollutants are defined as

pollutants for which a standard of performance for new sources applies

under section 111 but which are not ``criteria pollutants'' (i.e.,

pollutants for which National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) are

set pursuant to sections 108 and 109 of the Act) or hazardous air

pollutants (HAPs) regulated under section 112 of the Act. As required

by section 111(d) of the Act, EPA established a process at 40 CFR part

60, subpart B, which States must follow in adopting and submitting a

section 111(d) plan. Whenever EPA promulgates new source performance

standards (NSPS) that control a designated pollutant, EPA establishes

EG in accordance with 40 CFR 60.22 which contain information pertinent

to the control of the designated pollutant from that NSPS source

category (i.e., the ``designated facility'' as defined at 40 CFR

60.21(b)). Thus, a State's section 111(d) plan for a designated

facility must comply with the EG for that source category as well as 40

CFR part 60, subpart B (40 CFR 60.23 through 60.26).

On March 12, 1996, EPA promulgated NSPS for new MSW landfills at 40

CFR part 60, subpart WWW (Standards of Performance for Municipal Solid

Waste Landfills) and EG for existing MSW landfills at 40 CFR part 60,

subpart Cc (Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Municipal

Solid Waste Landfills) (see 61 FR 9905). The pollutants regulated by

the NSPS and EG are MSW landfill emissions, which contain a mixture of

volatile organic compounds (VOC), other organic compounds, methane, and

HAPs. VOC emissions can contribute to ozone formation which can result

in adverse effects to human health and vegetation. The health effects

of HAPs include cancer, respiratory irritation, and damage to the

nervous system. Methane emissions contribute to global climate change

and can result in fires or explosions when they accumulate in

structures on or off the landfill site. To determine whether control is

required, nonmethane organic compounds (NMOC) are measured as a

surrogate for MSW landfill emissions. Thus, NMOC is considered the

designated pollutant. The designated facility which is subject

[[Page 50769]]

to the EG is each existing MSW landfill (as defined in 40 CFR 60.32c)

for which construction, reconstruction or modification was commenced

before May 30, 1991.

Pursuant to 40 CFR 60.23(a), States were required within nine

months after promulgation of subpart Cc (by December 12, 1996) to

submit either a plan to implement and enforce the EG or, if there are

no existing MSW landfills subject to the EG in the State, a negative

declaration letter.

EPA published a direct final rulemaking on June 16, 1998, in which

EPA amended 40 CFR part 60, subpart Cc (and subpart WWW), to add

clarifying language, make editorial amendments, and to correct

typographical errors (see 63 FR 32743). EPA published additional

technical amendments and corrections on February 24, 1999 (see 64 FR

9258). These amendments did not change the submittal date or the

requirements for State plans for existing MSW landfills.

On June 17, 1997, ADEQ submitted to EPA the Arizona State Plan for

implementing the MSW landfill EG. ADEQ submitted an amendment to the

Arizona State Plan on June 29, 1999. The following provides a brief

discussion of the requirements for an approvable State plan for

existing MSW landfills and EPA's review of the Arizona State Plan with

respect to those requirements. A detailed discussion of the State Plan

and EPA's evaluation can be found in the Technical Support Document for

the Arizona Plan (8/99).

II. Review of the Arizona MSW Landfill Plan

EPA has reviewed the Arizona section 111(d) plan for existing MSW

landfills against the requirements of 40 CFR part 60, subparts B and

Cc, as follows:

A. Identification of Enforceable State Mechanism for Implementing the

EG

Subpart B at 40 CFR 60.24(a) requires that the section 111(d) plan

include emissions standards, defined in 40 CFR 60.21(f) as ``a legally

enforceable regulation setting forth an allowable rate of emissions

into the atmosphere, or prescribing equipment specifications for

control of air pollution emissions.'' In the State of Arizona, ADEQ has

jurisdiction over stationary sources of air pollution in twelve of the

fifteen counties of Arizona. The enforceable mechanism in the areas

under ADEQ jurisdiction is a state air regulation: Arizona

Administrative Code (AAC) R18-2-731 ``Standards of Performance for

Existing Municipal Solid Waste Landfills'' (adopted April 4, 1997). In

each of the three counties--Maricopa, Pima, and Pinal--that are not

under ADEQ jurisdiction, the enforceable mechanism is a county air

regulation: Maricopa County Rule 321 ``Municipal Solid Waste

Landfills'' (adopted May 14, 1997); Pima County Code Section 17.16.390

``Standards of Performance for Existing Municipal Solid Waste

Landfills'' (adopted October 7, 1997); and Pinal County Article 5-34

``Standards of Performance for Existing Municipal Solid Waste

Landfills'' (adopted May 14, 1997). Thus, Arizona has met the

requirement of 40 CFR 60.24(a) to have legally enforceable emission

standards.

B. Demonstration of Legal Authority

Subpart B at 40 CFR 60.26 requires that the section 111(d) plan

demonstrate that the State has legal authority to adopt and implement

the emission standards and compliance schedules. The State has

demonstrated that ADEQ and the three county air agencies have

sufficient legal authority to adopt and enforce rules governing MSW

landfills in their respective jurisdictions. The State statutes

providing such authority are Article 2 (State Air Pollution Control)

and Article 3 (County Air Pollution Control) of Chapter 3 (Air Quality)

of Title 49 of the Arizona Revised Statutes (ARS).

C. Inventory of Existing MSW Landfills in the State Affected by the

State Plan

Subpart B at 40 CFR 60.25(a) requires that the section 111(d) plan

include a complete source inventory of all designated facilities

regulated by the EG: existing MSW landfills (i.e., those MSW landfills

that constructed, reconstructed, or modified prior to May 30, 1991)

that have accepted waste since November 8, 1987 or have additional

capacity for future waste deposition (see 40 CFR 60.32c(a)(1)). ADEQ

has submitted an inventory of all existing MSW landfills in Arizona as

part of the State Plan.

D. Inventory of Emissions from Existing MSW Landfills in the State

Subpart B at 40 CFR 60.25(a) requires that the 111(d) plan include

an emissions inventory that estimates emissions of the designated

pollutant regulated by the EG: NMOC. ADEQ has submitted an estimate of

annual NMOC emissions from the landfills in the source inventory as

part of the State Plan. ADEQ used the procedures in AP-42 ``Compilation

of Air Pollutant Emission Factors'' to estimate the NMOC emissions.

E. Emission Standards for MSW Landfills

Subpart B at 40 CFR 60.24(c) specifies that the State plan must

include emission standards that are no less stringent than the EG

(except as specified in 40 CFR 60.24(f) which allows for less stringent

emission standards on a case-by-case basis if certain conditions are

met). The State and county regulations in the Arizona Plan contain

emission standards that are no less stringent than the EG. Thus,

Arizona's section 111(d) plan complies with this requirement.

F. A Process for State Review and Approval of Site-Specific Gas

Collection and Control System Design Plans

Subpart Cc at 40 CFR 60.33c(b) requires State plans to include a

process for State review and approval of site-specific design plans for

required gas collection and control systems. The process for ADEQ and

county air district review and approval of site-specific gas collection

and control systems is specified in the State Plan. Thus, Arizona's

section 111(d) plan adequately addresses this requirement.

G. Compliance Schedules

The State's section 111(d) plan must include compliance schedules

that owners and operators of affected MSW landfills must meet in

complying with the requirements of the plan. Subpart Cc at 40 CFR

60.36c provides that planning, awarding of contracts, and installation

of air emission collection and control equipment capable of meeting the

EG must be accomplished within 30 months of the date on which the NMOC

emission rate equals or exceeds 50 megagrams per year. The State and

county regulations in the Arizona Plan contain the same compliance

schedule as subpart Cc.

H. Testing, Monitoring, Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements

Subpart Cc at 40 CFR 60.34c specifies the testing and monitoring

provisions that State plans must include (60.34c specifically refers to

the requirements found in 40 CFR 60.754 to 60.756), and 40 CFR 60.35c

specifies the reporting and recordkeeping requirements (60.35c refers

to the requirements found in 40 CFR 60.757 and 60.758). The State and

county regulations in the Arizona Plan incorporate by reference the

requirements found in 40 CFR 60.754 to 60.758. Thus, the State Plan

satisfies the requirements of 40 CFR 60.34c and 60.35c.

[[Page 50770]]

I. A Record of Public Hearings on the State Plan

Subpart B at 40 CFR 60.23 contains the requirements for public

hearings that must be met by the State in adopting a section 111(d)

plan. The public hearing requirements were fulfilled during the State

and county rulemakings. ADEQ included documents in the Plan submittal

demonstrating that ADEQ and the county air districts complied with

these requirements, as well as the State's administrative procedures.

Therefore, EPA finds that Arizona has met this requirement.

J. Submittal of Annual State Progress Reports to EPA

Subpart B at 40 CFR 60.25(e) and (f) requires States to submit to

EPA annual reports on the progress of plan enforcement. Arizona

committed in its section 111(d) plan to submit annual progress reports

to EPA. The first progress report will be submitted by the State one

year after EPA approval of the State Plan. Therefore, EPA finds that

Arizona has adequately met this requirement.

In summary, EPA finds that the Arizona State Plan meets all of the

requirements applicable to such plans in 40 CFR part 60, subparts B and

Cc.

III. Final Action

Based on the rationale discussed above, EPA is approving the State

of Arizona section 111(d) plan for the control of landfill gas

emissions from existing MSW landfills.1 As provided by 40

CFR 60.28(c), any revisions to the Arizona State Plan or associated

regulations will not be considered part of the applicable plan until

submitted by the ADEQ in accordance with 40 CFR 60.28(a) or (b), as

applicable, and until approved by EPA in accordance with 40 CFR part

60, subpart B.

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\1\ The State did not submit evidence of authority to regulate

existing MSW landfills in Indian Country; therefore, EPA is not

approving this Plan as it relates to those sources.

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The EPA is publishing this rule without prior proposal because the

Agency views this as a noncontroversial action and anticipates no

adverse comments. However, in the proposed rules section of this

Federal Register publication, EPA is publishing a separate document

that will serve as the proposal to approve the 111(d) plan should

relevant adverse or critical comments be filed. This rule will be

effective November 19, 1999 without further notice unless the Agency

receives relevant adverse comments by October 20, 1999.

If EPA receives such comments, then EPA will publish a document

withdrawing the final rule and informing the public that the rule did

not take effect. All public comments received will be addressed in a

subsequent final rule based on the proposed rule. EPA will not

institute a second comment period on this action. Any parties

interested in commenting on this action should do so at this time. If

no such comments are received, the public is advised that this action

will be effective on November 19, 1999 and no further action will be

taken on the proposed rule.

Nothing in this action should be construed as permitting or

allowing or establishing a precedent for any future request for

revision to any section 111(d) plan. Each request for revision to the

section 111(d) plan shall be considered separately in light of specific

technical, economic, and environmental factors and in relation to

relevant statutory and regulatory requirements.

IV. Administrative Requirements

A. Executive Order 12866

The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has exempted this

regulatory action from review under Executive Order 12866, entitled

``Regulatory Planning and Review.''

B. Executive Order 12875

Under Executive Order 12875, EPA may not issue a regulation that is

not required by statute and that creates a mandate upon a state, local,

or tribal government, unless the Federal government provides the funds

necessary to pay the direct compliance costs incurred by those

governments. If EPA complies by consulting, Executive Order 12875

requires EPA to provide to the Office of Management and Budget a

description of the extent of EPA's prior consultation with

representatives of affected state, local, and tribal governments, the

nature of their concerns, copies of written communications from the

governments, and a statement supporting the need to issue the

regulation. In addition, Executive Order 12875 requires EPA to develop

an effective process permitting elected officials and other

representatives of state, local, and tribal governments ``to provide

meaningful and timely input in the development of regulatory proposals

containing significant unfunded mandates.'' Today's rule does not

create a mandate on state, local, or tribal governments. The rule does

not impose any enforceable duties on these entities. Accordingly, the

requirements of section 1(a) of Executive Order 12875 do not apply to

this rule.

C. Executive Order 13045

Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety

Risks (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997), applies to any rule that: (1) is

determined to be ``economically significant'' as defined under

Executive Order 12866, and (2) concerns an environmental health or

safety risk that EPA has reason to believe may have a disproportionate

effect on children. If the regulatory action meets both criteria, the

Agency must evaluate the environmental health or safety effects of the

planned rule on children, and explain why the planned regulation is

preferable to other potentially effective and reasonably feasible

alternatives considered by the Agency.

This rule is not subject to Executive Order 13045 because it does

not involve decisions intended to mitigate environmental health or

safety risks.

D. Executive Order 13084

Under Executive Order 13084, EPA may not issue a regulation that is

not required by statute, that significantly affects or uniquely affects

the communities of Indian tribal governments, and that imposes

substantial direct compliance costs on those communities, unless the

Federal government provides the funds necessary to pay the direct

compliance costs incurred by the tribal governments. If EPA complies by

consulting, Executive Order 13084 requires EPA to provide to the Office

of Management and Budget, in a separately identified section of the

preamble to the rule, a description of the extent of EPA's prior

consultation with representatives of affected tribal governments, a

summary of the nature of their concerns, and a statement supporting the

need to issue the regulation. In addition, Executive Order 13084

requires EPA to develop an effective process permitting elected and

other representatives of Indian tribal governments ``to provide

meaningful and timely input in the development of regulatory policies

on matters that significantly or uniquely affect their communities.''

Today's rule does not significantly or uniquely affect the

communities of Indian tribal governments. This action does not involve

or impose any requirements that affect Indian Tribes. Accordingly, the

requirements of section 3(b) of Executive Order 13084 do not apply to

this rule.

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E. Regulatory Flexibility

The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) generally requires an agency

to conduct a regulatory flexibility analysis of any rule subject to

notice and comment rulemaking requirements unless the agency certifies

that the rule will not have a significant economic impact on a

substantial number of small entities. Small entities include small

businesses, small not-for-profit enterprises, and small governmental

jurisdictions. This final rule will not have a significant impact on a

substantial number of small entities because State Plan approvals under

section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act do not create any new requirements

but simply approve requirements that the State is already imposing.

Therefore, because the Federal State Plan approval does not create any

new requirements, I certify that this action will not have a

significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.

Moreover, due to the nature of the Federal-State relationship under the

Clean Air Act, preparation of flexibility analysis would constitute

Federal inquiry into the economic reasonableness of state action. The

Clean Air Act forbids EPA to base its actions concerning State Plans on

such grounds. Union Electric Co. v. U.S. EPA, 427 U.S. 246, 255-66

(1976); 42 U.S.C. 7410(a)(2).

F. Unfunded Mandates

Under section 202 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

(``Unfunded Mandates Act''), signed into law on March 22, 1995, EPA

must prepare a budgetary impact statement to accompany any proposed or

final rule that includes a Federal mandate that may result in estimated

costs to State, local, or tribal governments in the aggregate; or to

private sector, of $100 million or more. Under section 205, EPA must

select the most cost-effective and least burdensome alternative that

achieves the objectives of the rule and is consistent with statutory

requirements. Section 203 requires EPA to establish a plan for

informing and advising any small governments that may be significantly

or uniquely impacted by the rule.

EPA has determined that the approval action promulgated does not

include a Federal mandate that may result in estimated costs of $100

million or more to either State, local, or tribal governments in the

aggregate, or to the private sector. This Federal action approves pre-

existing requirements under State or local law, and imposes no new

requirements. Accordingly, no additional costs to State, local, or

tribal governments, or to the private sector, result from this action.

G. Submission to Congress and the Comptroller General

The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the

Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, generally

provides that before a rule may take effect, the agency promulgating

the rule must submit a rule report, which includes a copy of the rule,

to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the

United States. EPA will submit a report containing this rule and other

required information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of

Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the United States prior

to publication of the rule in the Federal Register. This rule is not a

``major rule'' as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).

H. Petitions for Judicial Review

Under section 307(b)(1) of the Clean Air Act, petitions for

judicial review of this action must be filed in the United States Court

of Appeals for the appropriate circuit by November 19, 1999. Filing a

petition for reconsideration by the Administrator of this final rule

does not affect the finality of this rule for the purposes of judicial

review nor does it extend the time within which a petition for judicial

review may be filed, and shall not postpone the effectiveness of such

rule or action. This action may not be challenged later in proceedings

to enforce its requirements. (See section 307(b)(2).)

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 62

Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,

Air pollution control, Intergovernmental relations, Non-methane organic

compounds, Methane, Municipal solid waste landfills, Reporting and

recordkeeping requirements.

Dated: September 10, 1999.

David P. Howekamp,

Acting Regional Administrator, Region IX.

40 CFR part 62 is amended as follows:

PART 62--[AMENDED]

1. The authority citation for part 62 continues to read as follows:

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

2. Subpart D is added to part 62 to read as follows:

Subpart D--Arizona

Landfill Gas Emissions From Existing Municipal Solid Waste Landfills

Sec.

62.600 Identification of plan.

62.601 Identification of sources.

62.602 Effective date.

Subpart D--Arizona

Landfill Gas Emissions From Existing Municipal Solid Waste

Landfills

Sec. 62.600 Identification of plan.

The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality submitted on June

17, 1997 and June 29, 1999 the State of Arizona's Section 111(d) Plan

for Existing Municipal Solid Waste Landfills.

Sec. 62.601 Identification of sources.

The plan applies to all existing municipal solid waste landfills

for which construction, reconstruction, or modification was commenced

before May 30, 1991, as described in 40 CFR part 60, subpart Cc.

Sec. 62.602 Effective date.

The effective date of EPA approval of the plan is November 19,

1999.

[FR Doc. 99-24259 Filed 9-17-99; 8:45 am]

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