Protection of Stratospheric Ozone

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 82

[FRL-6355-8]

Protection of Stratospheric Ozone

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency.

ACTION: Notice of acceptability.

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SUMMARY: This document expands the list of acceptable substitutes for

ozone-depleting substances (ODS) under the U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency's (EPA) Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP)

program.

EFFECTIVE DATE: June 8, 1999.

ADDRESSES: Information relevant to this document is contained in Air

Docket A-91-42, Central Docket Section, South Conference Room 4, U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, S.W., Washington, D.C.

20460, telephone: (202) 260-7548. The docket may be inspected between

8:00 a.m. and 5:30 p.m. weekdays. As provided in 40 CFR part 2, a

reasonable fee may be charged for photocopying.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Kelly Davis at (202) 564-2303 or fax

(202) 565-2096, U.S. EPA, Stratospheric Protection Division, 401 M

Street, S.W., Mail Code 6205J, Washington, D.C. 20460; EPA

Stratospheric Ozone Protection Hotline at (800) 296-1996; EPA World

Wide Web Site (http://www.epa.gov/ozone/title6/snap).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Section 612 Program

A. Statutory Requirements

B. Regulatory History

II. Listing of Acceptable Substitutes

A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

B. Foam Blowing

C. Solvents Cleaning

D. Aerosols

E. Adhesives, Coatings, and Inks

III. Additional Information

Appendix A--Summary of Acceptable Decisions

I. Section 612 Program

A. Statutory Requirements

Section 612 of the Clean Air Act authorizes EPA to develop a

program for evaluating alternatives to ozone-depleting substances. EPA

refers to this program as the Significant New Alternatives Policy

(SNAP) program. The major provisions of section 612 are:

Rulemaking--Section 612(c) requires EPA to promulgate

rules making it unlawful to replace any class I (chlorofluorocarbon,

halon, carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform, methyl bromide, and

hydrobromofluorocarbon) or class II (hydrochlorofluorocarbon) substance

with any substitute that the Administrator determines may present

adverse effects to human health or the environment where the

Administrator has identified an alternative that (1) reduces the

overall risk to human health and the environment, and (2) is currently

or potentially available.

Listing of Unacceptable/Acceptable Substitutes--Section

612(c) also requires EPA to publish a list of the substitutes

unacceptable for specific uses. EPA must publish a corresponding list

of acceptable alternatives for specific uses.

Petition Process--Section 612(d) grants the right to any

person to petition EPA to add a substance to or delete a substance from

the lists published in accordance with section 612(c). The Agency has

90 days to grant or deny a petition. Where the Agency grants the

petition, EPA must publish the revised lists within an additional 6

months.

90-day Notification--Section 612(e) requires EPA to

require any person who produces a chemical substitute for a class I

substance to notify the Agency not less than 90 days before new or

existing chemicals are introduced into interstate commerce for

significant new uses as substitutes for a class I substance. The

producer must also provide the Agency with the producer's unpublished

health and safety studies on such substitutes.

Outreach--Section 612(b)(1) states that the Administrator

shall seek to maximize the use of federal research facilities and

resources to assist users of class I and II substances in identifying

and developing alternatives to the use of such substances in key

commercial applications.

Clearinghouse--Section 612(b)(4) requires the Agency to

set up a public clearinghouse of alternative chemicals, product

substitutes, and alternative manufacturing processes that are available

for products and manufacturing processes which use class I and II

substances.

B. Regulatory History

On March 18, 1994, EPA published the Final Rulemaking (FRM) (59 FR

13044) which described the process for administering the SNAP program

and issued EPA's first acceptability lists for substitutes in the major

industrial use sectors. These sectors include: refrigeration and air

conditioning; foam blowing; solvents cleaning; fire suppression and

explosion protection; sterilants; aerosols; adhesives, coatings and

inks; and tobacco expansion. These sectors compose the principal

industrial sectors that historically consumed the largest volumes of

ozone-depleting compounds.

As described in the original rule for the SNAP program (59 FR

13044; March 18, 1994), EPA does not believe that rulemaking procedures

are required to list alternatives as acceptable with no limitations.

Such listings do not impose any sanction, nor do they remove any prior

license to use a substance. Consequently, by this document EPA is

adding substances to the list of acceptable alternatives without first

requesting comment on new listings.

EPA does, however, believe that Notice-and-Comment rulemaking is

required to place any substance on the list of prohibited substitutes,

to list a substance as acceptable only under certain conditions, to

list substances as acceptable only for certain uses, or to remove a

substance from either the list of prohibited or acceptable substitutes.

Updates to these lists are published as separate notices of rulemaking

in the Federal Register.

The Agency defines a ``substitute'' as any chemical, product

substitute, or alternative manufacturing process, whether existing or

new, that could replace a class I or class II substance. Anyone who

produces a substitute must provide the Agency with health and safety

studies on the substitute at least 90 days before introducing it into

interstate commerce for significant new use as an alternative. This

requirement applies to substitute manufacturers, but may include

importers, formulators or end-users, when they are responsible for

introducing a substitute into commerce.

EPA published documents listing acceptable alternatives on August

26, 1994 (59 FR 44240), January 13, 1995 (60 FR 3318), July 28, 1995

(60 FR 38729), February 8, 1996 (61 FR 4736), September 5, 1996 (61 FR

47012), March 10, 1997 (62 FR 10700), June 3, 1997 (62 FR 30275),

February 24, 1998 (63 FR 9151), and May 22, 1998 (63 FR 28251), and

published Final Rulemakings restricting or prohibiting the use of

certain substitutes on March 18, 1994 (59 FR 13044), June 13, 1995 (60

FR 31092), May 22, 1996 (61 FR 25585), October 16, 1996 (61 FR 54029),

January 26, 1999 (64 FR 3861), January 26, 1999 (64 FR 3865), and March

3, 1999 (64 FR 10374), April 28, 1999 (64 FR 22981).

II. Listing of Acceptable Substitutes

This section presents EPA's most recent acceptable listing

decisions for substitutes for class I and class II substances in the

refrigeration and air conditioning; foam blowing; solvents cleaning;

aerosols; and adhesives, coatings, and inks sectors. For copies of

[[Page 30411]]

the full list of SNAP decisions in all industrial sectors, contact the

EPA Stratospheric Protection Hotline at (800) 296-1996.

Parts A through E below present a detailed discussion of the

substitute listing determinations by major use sector. The table

summarizing today's listing decisions is in Appendix A. The comments

contained in Appendix A provide additional information on a substitute,

but for listings of acceptable substitutes, they are not legally

binding under section 612 of the Clean Air Act. Thus, adherence to

recommendations in the comments is not mandatory for use of a

substitute. In addition, the comments should not be considered

comprehensive with respect to other legal obligations pertaining to the

use of the substitute. However, EPA encourages users of acceptable

substitutes to apply all comments to their use of these substitutes. In

many instances, the comments simply allude to sound operating practices

that have already been identified in existing industry and/or building

code standards. Thus, many of the comments, if adopted, would not

require significant changes in existing operating practices for the

affected industry.

A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

1. Acceptable Substitutes

Under section 612 of the Clean Air Act, EPA is authorized to review

substitutes for class I (CFC) and class II (HCFC) chemicals. The

decisions set forth in this section A expand the acceptable listing for

refrigerants.

In listing these refrigerants as acceptable, EPA anticipates that

these refrigerants will be used in such a manner so that any

recommendations specified in the manufacturers' Material Safety Data

Sheets (MSDSs) are followed. EPA also anticipates that manufacturers,

installers, servicers, building owners and other parties responsible

for construction and maintenance of refrigeration and air-conditioning

systems will follow all applicable standard industry practices and

technical standards established by voluntary consensus standards

organizations such as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

The Agency also expects that refrigerating systems will conform to all

relevant provisions of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating

and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) standards, including Standard

15, Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration, which provides guidelines

for the safety of persons and property on or near premises where

refrigeration facilities are located. Finally, the Agency anticipates

that any exposures by installers or servicers to refrigerants will

conform to all applicable standards set by the U.S. Occupational Safety

and Health Administration (OSHA) and will not exceed any acceptable

exposure limits set by any voluntary consensus standards organization,

including the American Conference of Governmental Industrial

Hygienists' (ACGIH) threshhold limit values (TLVs) or the American

Industrial Hygiene Association's (AIHA) workplace environmental

exposure limits (WEELs).

(a) THR-04. The chemical blend submitted to EPA with the

unregistered tradename THR-04 is acceptable as a substitute for R-502

in all end-uses. Tsinghua University of Beijing and the Beijing Inoue

Qinghua Refrigeration Technology Company, the joint submitters of THR-

04, claim that its composition is confidential business information.

Fractionation and flammability testing have determined that although

one constituent of the blend is flammable, THR-04 as blended is not,

and further testing has shown that it does not become flammable after

leakage. This blend contains an HCFC and for this reason is an ozone

depleter. However, the HCFC is a class II ozone depleter and is an

acceptable substitute for the class I ozone depleter, R-502. THR-04

contains a constituent with a high global warming potential (GWP).

However, the potential of this constituent for contributing to global

warming will be mitigated in each end-use through the implementation of

the venting prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of the Clean Air Act.

(b) HFC-236fa. HFC-236fa, when manufactured using any process that

does not convert perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB) directly to HFC-236fa in a

single step, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-114 in non-

mechanical heat transfer. HFC-236fa does not harm the ozone layer

because it does not contain chlorine. Although HFC-236fa has an

extremely high 100-year GWP of 6,300,1 its lifetime is at

least an order of magnitude shorter than that of perfluorocarbons

(PFCs), which have comparable 100-year GWPs. For some specialized non-

mechanical heat transfer end-uses, HFC-236fa is the only CFC-114

alternative that is safe for the ozone layer and is low in toxicity.

HFC-236fa may not be vented when used as a refrigerant, in accordance

with section 608(c)(2) of the Act. EPA has proposed new recycling

regulations for non-ozone-depleting refrigerants (63 FR 32044; June 11,

1998). This proposal would extend to HFC and PFC refrigerants the

requirements currently in place for class I (CFC) and class II (HCFC)

refrigerants, including required service practices, certification

programs for recovery/recycling equipment, reclaimers, and technicians,

a prohibition on the sale of refrigerant to anyone but certified

technicians, leak repair requirements, and safe disposal requirements.

A fact sheet on the proposal is available from the EPA Ozone Hotline at

(800) 296-1996 or on the world wide web at http://www.epa.gov/ozone/

title6/608/subrecsm.html.

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\1\ GWPs and atmospheric lifetimes cited in this document are

from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report

entitled Climate Change 1995--The Science of Climate Change, IPCC

Second Assessment Report. More recent values for GWPs and

atmospheric lifetimes published in the Scientific Assessment of

Ozone Depletion: 1998, World Meteorological Organization Global

Ozone Research and Monitoring Project--Report No. 44, may be

somewhat different than the values cited here but do not alter any

of the technical or policy determinations by EPA in this rule.

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(c) HFE-7100. Hydrofluoroether (HFE-7100)

(C4F9OCH3; methoxynonafluorobutane,

iso and normal) is an acceptable substitute for CFC-113 in non-

mechanical heat transfer. HFE-7100 does not deplete the ozone layer

since it does not contain chlorine or bromine. It has a 4.1 year

atmospheric lifetime and a GWP of 500 over a 100-year time horizon. The

GWP and lifetime for this HFE are lower than the GWP and lifetime for

CFC-113, and this HFE exhibits low toxicity, with a WEEL of 750 ppm.

(d) HFC-23. HFC-23 is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12 in very

low-temperature refrigeration. (Readers of this section should also

note the clarification of the definition of very-low-temperature

refrigeration set forth in section 2 below.) HFC-23 has already been

listed as an acceptable substitute for CFC-13, R-13B1, and R-503 in

very-low-temperature refrigeration and industrial process

refrigeration. It is non-flammable and does not deplete stratospheric

ozone. However, HFC-23 has an extremely high 100-year GWP of 11,700

relative to CO2 and an atmospheric lifetime of 264 years.

Its GWP is the highest among the HFCs, and its lifetime is exceeded

only by the PFCs. Consequently, EPA believes HFC-23 could contribute

significantly to global warming. In addition, the long lifetime of HFC-

23 means any global warming or other effects would be essentially

irreversible. It is illegal to vent HFC-23 at any time when used as a

refrigerant. The current regulations issued under section 608 of the

CAA (58 FR 28660; May 14, 1993) do not require recycling and recovery

of HFC-23, or

[[Page 30412]]

leak repair for systems using HFC-23. In particular, EPA urges users to

reduce leakage and recover and recycle HFC-23 during equipment

servicing and upon the retirement of equipment and adhere to the

amended leak repair provisions established in 60 FR 40419; August 8,

1995. EPA has proposed new recycling regulations for non-ozone-

depleting refrigerants (63 FR 32044; June 11, 1998). This proposal

would extend to HFC and PFC refrigerants the requirements currently in

place for class I (CFC) and class II (HCFC) refrigerants, including

required service practices, certification programs for recovery/

recycling equipment, reclaimers, and technicians, a prohibition on the

sale of refrigerant to anyone but certified technicians, leak repair

requirements, and safe disposal requirements. A fact sheet on the

proposal is available from the EPA Ozone Hotline at (800) 296-1996 or

on the world wide web at http://www.epa.gov/ozone/title6/608/

subrecsm.html.

(e) Motor Vehicle Air-Conditioning: thermal storage systems used in

tractor trailers in conjunction with passenger compartment climate

control systems that use a SNAP-accepted refrigerant. Thermal storage

systems used in a tractor trailer in conjunction with a conventional

motor vehicle air-conditioning system that already uses an acceptable

substitute refrigerant, are acceptable as substitutes for CFC-12 in

motor vehicle air conditioners. These systems have been developed for

use in heavy duty trucks that contain sleeper compartments. Currently

these trucks must continually idle while the vehicle is parked and the

driver is resting in the sleeper compartment, to power a conventional

air-conditioner or heater when cooling or heating comfort is needed.

These thermal storage systems will allow the provision of cooling/

heating comfort while the engine is off.

The thermal storage system uses water blended with small amounts of

one or more of the SNAP acceptable HFC-based refrigerants such as HFC-

134a. The blend is contained in a sealed storage device. The system

consists of a packaged cool storage reservoir and a fuel-fired heater

that generates cooling or heating capacity during the normal operation

of the vehicle. This cooling or heating capacity becomes available for

use in the passenger compartment at a desired time. The cooling

capacity is generated by chilling a circulating coolant with air from

the air conditioner, while the heating capacity is achieved by heating

this same coolant with a fuel-fired heater. The coolant functions as a

secondary fluid in a secondary-loop refrigeration system similar to

chilled water in building chillers.

After reviewing the technology of the thermal storage system

submitted in the SNAP application, EPA found no safety or environmental

concerns associated with its use in trucks. EPA acknowledges the

existence of such a system and recognizes the potential merits. This

type of technology promises to significantly lower fuel consumption and

reduce pollutant emissions, including nitrous oxides, carbon monoxide,

carbon dioxide, sulfuric oxides, and particulate emissions.

2. Clarification

(a) Very-low-temperature refrigeration. In a previous rule (60 FR

31092; June 13, 1995), EPA stated in its definition of very-low-

temperature refrigeration that ``[m]edical freezers, freeze-dryers, and

other small appliances require extremely reliable refrigeration cycles.

These systems must meet stringent technical standards that do not

normally apply to refrigeration systems.'' EPA does not intend to limit

the very-low-temperature refrigeration application to medical freezers,

freeze-dryers and other small appliances. Larger systems may also fall

within the definition of very-low-temperature refrigeration, as long as

the systems or portions of the systems require very low temperatures in

the vicinity of -80 degrees F or lower. Submitters to the SNAP program

who believe that particular systems may qualify as very-low-temperature

refrigeration and/or industrial process refrigeration should contact

EPA for a determination prior to submitting substitute refrigerants for

review under the SNAP program.

B. Foam Blowing

1. Acceptable Substitutes

(a) HFC-134a. HFC-134a is an acceptable substitute for HCFCs in all

foam blowing end-uses. For end-uses other than rigid polyurethane and

polyisocyanurate laminated boardstock, polystyrene extruded boardstock

and billet foams, phenolic foams, and polyolefin foams, blends of HFC-

134a with other acceptable substitutes are also acceptable substitutes

for HCFCs. See the original SNAP rule (53 FR 13044) for a detailed

explanation of the distinction among end-uses for which blends are

acceptable without further review. HFC-134a has zero ODP, has a 100-

year GWP of 1300, and is nonflammable. HFC-134a has low toxicity, with

a WEEL of 1000 ppm.

(b) HFC-152a. HFC-152a is an acceptable substitute for HCFCs in all

foam blowing end-uses. For end-uses other than rigid polyurethane and

polyisocyanurate laminated boardstock, polystyrene extruded boardstock

and billet foams, phenolic foams, and polyolefin foams, blends of HFC-

152a with other acceptable substitutes are also acceptable substitutes

for HCFCs. See the original SNAP rule (53 FR 13044) for a detailed

explanation of the distinction among end-uses for which blends are

acceptable without further review. HFC-152a is flammable; foams blown

with HFC-152a will need to conform to building code requirements that

relate to flammable materials. HFC-152a has zero ODP, a 100-year GWP of

140, and low toxicity. The WEEL for HFC-152a is 1000 ppm.

(c) Carbon Dioxide. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is an

acceptable substitute for HCFCs in all foam blowing end-uses. For end-

uses other than rigid polyurethane and polyisocyanurate laminated

boardstock, polystyrene extruded boardstock and billet foams, phenolic

foams, and polyolefin foams, blends of CO2 with other

acceptable substitutes are also acceptable substitutes for HCFCs. See

the original SNAP rule (53 FR 13044) for a detailed explanation of the

distinction among end-uses for which blends are acceptable without

further review. CO2 has zero ODP, a GWP of 1, low toxicity,

and is nonflammable.

(d) Water. Water is an acceptable substitute for HCFCs in all foam

blowing end-uses. For end-uses other than rigid polyurethane and

polyisocyanurate laminated boardstock, polystyrene extruded boardstock

and billet foams, phenolic foams, and polyolefin foams, blends of water

with other acceptable substitutes are also acceptable substitutes for

HCFCs. See the original SNAP rule (53 FR 13044) for a detailed

explanation of the distinction among end-uses for which blends are

acceptable without further review. Water has zero ODP and GWP, is not

toxic, and is nonflammable.

2. Clarification

On September 5, 1996 (61 FR 47012), EPA listed proprietary blend 1

(PBA 1) as an acceptable substitute for CFCs and HCFCs in rigid

polyurethane and polyisocyanurate laminated boardstock foam; rigid

polyurethane appliance; rigid polyurethane slabstock and other; and

rigid polyurethane spray and commercial refrigeration, and sandwich

panels. At the time PBA 1 was submitted, the submitter's identification

and the composition of PBA 1 were claimed as confidential business

information. The confidentiality of the composition has been withdrawn,

and

[[Page 30413]]

EPA now discloses that PBA 1 is formic acid. On February 28, 1998 (63

FR 9151), EPA listed formic acid as an acceptable substitute for CFC

and HCFCs in polyurethane integral skin foam. In future lists of

acceptable substitutes, EPA will combine these listings.

C. Solvents Cleaning

1. Acceptable Substitutes

(a) HFC-4310mee. HFC-4310mee is acceptable as a substitute for

HCFC-141b in all solvents cleaning end-uses. HFC-4310mee is listed as

acceptable subject to use conditions in the metals cleaning and aerosol

solvent sectors (64 FR 22981, April 28, 1999) as a substitute for CFC-

113 and methyl chloroform. It is already acceptable in electronics and

precision cleaning subject to a 200 ppm time-weighted average workplace

exposure standard and a 400 ppm workplace exposure ceiling (61 FR

54029; October 16, 1996).

This document clarifies that HFC-4310mee is also acceptable as a

substitute for HCFC-141b. HCFC-141b is scheduled for complete phaseout

in 2003 and is currently unacceptable for use in all sectors except for

very specific aerosol uses. The exemptions to the ban under Clean Air

Act section 610 include use for specific medical devices, aircraft

maintenance, mold release agents, spinnerettes, document preservation

sprays, photographic equipment, and wasp and hornet sprays used near

high-tension wires (58 FR 69638; December 30, 1993). Note that the ban

under section 610 is for all class II substances.

2. Clarification

(a) All Solvents Cleaning End-uses. (1) Benzotrifluoride (CAS# 98-

08-8). This notice of clarification serves to list benzotrifluoride

(C7H5F3) as acceptable with an

acceptable exposure limit (AEL) of 100 ppm. Monochlorotoluenes/

benzotrifluorides are acceptable subject to use conditions as

substitutes for CFC-113 and MCF in all solvent end-uses. The category

of monochlorotoluenes/benzotrifluoride has been listed with a company-

established acceptable exposure limit of 50 ppm workplace standard for

monochlorotoluenes and a 25 ppm standard for benzotrifluoride (61 FR

25585; May 22, 1996). Of all the structures of commercial interest, the

only chemical with an Occupational Safety and Health Administration

(OSHA) standard is orthochlorotoluene, one of the monochlorotoluenes.

This substance has an OSHA Permissible Exposure Level (PEL) of 50 ppm.

Using this standard as a proxy, the Agency set a workplace standard of

50 ppm for monochlorotoluenes as a group. Benzotrifluoride does not

have a PEL. Further testing has demonstrated that benzotrifluoride is

one of the least toxic chemicals in the category of monochlorotoluenes/

benzotrifluoride. As such, the company-set acceptable exposure limit

for benzotrifluoride is 100 ppm.

D. Aerosols

1. Acceptable Substitutes

(a) Aerosol solvents. (1) HFC-4310mee. HFC-4310mee is acceptable as

a substitute for HCFC-141b in all aerosol solvent end-uses. For a

complete discussion, please refer to the solvents cleaning section

above.

2. Clarification

(a) Aerosol Solvents. (1) Benzotrifluoride (CAS# 98-08-8). This

notice of clarification serves to list benzotrifluoride

(C7H5F3) as acceptable with an

acceptable exposure limit (AEL) of 100 ppm. For a complete discussion,

please refer to the solvent section above.

E. Adhesives, Coatings, and Inks

1. Clarification

(a) Benzotrifluoride (CAS# 98-08-8). This notice of clarification

serves to list benzotrifluoride

(C7H5F3) as acceptable with an

acceptable exposure limit (AEL) of 100 ppm. For a complete discussion,

please refer to the solvent section above.

III. Additional Information

Contact the Stratospheric Protection Hotline at 1-800-296-1996,

Monday-Friday, between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. (Eastern

Standard Time). For more information on the Agency's process for

administering the SNAP program or criteria for evaluation of

substitutes, refer to the SNAP final rulemaking published in the

Federal Register on March 18, 1994 (59 FR 13044). Notices and

rulemakings under the SNAP program, as well as all EPA publications on

protection of stratospheric ozone, are available from EPA's Ozone

Depletion World Wide Web site at ``http://www.epa.gov/ozone/title6/

snap/'' and from the Stratospheric Protection Hotline whose number is

listed above.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 82

Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,

Air pollution control, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Dated: May 27, 1999.

Paul Stolpman,

Director, Office of Atmospheric Programs, Office of Air and Radiation.

Appendix A--Summary of Acceptable Decisions

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End-Use Substitute Decision Comments

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REFRIGERATION and AIR CONDITIONING SECTOR

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All R-502 end-uses................... THR-04................. Acceptable............. EPA anticipates that

manufacturers,

installers and

servicers of

refrigeration and air-

conditioning systems

will follow all

applicable standard

industry practices and

technical standards.

Non-mechanical heat transfer......... HFC-236fa.............. Acceptable as a EPA anticipates that

substitute for CFC-114 manufacturers,

in non-mechanical heat installers and

transfer when servicers of

manufactured using any refrigeration and air-

process that does not conditioning systems

convert will follow all

perfluoroisobutylene applicable standard

(PFIB) directly to HFC- industry practices and

236fa in a single step. technical standards.

[[Page 30414]]

Non-mechanical heat transfer......... HFE-7100............... Acceptable............. EPA anticipates that

manufacturers,

installers and

servicers of

refrigeration and air-

conditioning systems

will follow all

applicable standard

industry practices and

technical standards.

Very-low-temperature refrigeration... HFC-23................. Acceptable............. This determination

applies where the

ozone-depleting

substance being

replaced is CFC-12.

EPA anticipates that

manufacturers,

installers and

servicers of

refrigeration and air-

conditioning systems

will follow all

applicable standard

industry practices and

technical standards.

Motor vehicle air conditioning....... Thermal storage systems Acceptable............. EPA anticipates that

used in tractor installers and

trailers in servicers of

conjunction with refrigeration and air-

passenger compartment conditioning systems

climate control will follow all

systems that use SNAP- applicable standard

accepted refrigerants. industry practices and

technical standards.

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FOAMS SECTOR

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HCFCs used in all end-uses but rigid HFC-134a, HFC-152a, Acceptable.............

polyurethane and polyisocyanurate CO2, water (and blends

laminated boardstock, polystyrene of any of these with

extruded boardstock and billet other fully acceptable

foams, phenolic foams, and substitutes).

polyolefin foams.

HCFCs used in rigid polyurethane and HFC-134a, HFC-152a, Acceptable.............

polyisocyanurate laminated CO2, water.

boardstock, polystyrene extruded

boardstock and billet foams,

phenolic foams, and polyolefin foams.

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SOLVENTS SECTOR

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All end-uses......................... HFC-4310mee............ Acceptable subject to a

200 ppm time-weighted

average workplace

exposure standard and

400 ppm workplace

exposure ceiling.

All end-uses......................... Benzotrifluoride....... Acceptable with an

acceptable exposure

limit (AEL) of 100 ppm.

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AEROSOLS SECTOR

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Aerosol Solvents..................... HFC-4310mee............ Acceptable subject to a

200 ppm time-weighted

average workplace

exposure standard and

400 ppm workplace

exposure ceiling.

Aerosol Solvents..................... Benzotrifluoride....... Acceptable with an

acceptable exposure

limit (AEL) of 100 ppm.

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ADHESIVES, COATINGS, and INKS SECTOR

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All end-uses......................... Benzotrifluoride....... Acceptable with an

acceptable exposure

limit (AEL) of 100 ppm.

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[[Page 30415]]

[FR Doc. 99-14356 Filed 6-7-99; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 6560-50-U