Florida Grapefruit, Florida Oranges and Tangelos, and, Florida Tangerines; Grade Standards

[[Page 9990]]

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Marketing Service

7 CFR PART 51

[Docket Number FV-93-301]

Florida Grapefruit, Florida Oranges and Tangelos, and, Florida

Tangerines; Grade Standards

Agency: Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA.

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: This rule would revise the United States Standards for Grades

of Florida Grapefruit, United States Standards for Grades of Florida

Oranges and Tangelos, and, United States Standards for Grades of

Florida Tangerines. The recommended revisions would: Redefine terms to

more clearly reflect current cultural and marketing practices; add and

revise the grades so as to make them uniform and consistent with each

other and other recently revised U.S. grade standards; revise the

existing tolerances and the application of tolerances from allowing

specific numbers of defective fruit to percentages of defective fruit;

revise the size sections to give industry greater flexibility in

marketing and packaging new varieties of fruit; and, delete references

to a visual aid which is no longer available. The Agricultural

Marketing Service (AMS), in cooperation with industry, and other

interested parties develops and improves standards of quality,

condition, quantity, grade and packaging in order to facilitate

commerce by providing buyers, sellers, and quality assurance personnel

uniform language and criteria for describing various levels of quality

and condition as valued in the marketplace.

DATES: Comments must be postmarked or courier dated on or before April

24, 1995.

ADDRESSES: Interested parties are invited to submit written comments

concerning this proposal. Comments must be sent to the Standardization

Section, Fresh Products Branch, Fruit and Vegetable Division,

Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P.O.

Box 96456, Room 2056 South Building, Washington, DC 20090-6456.

Comments should make reference to the date and page number of this

issue of the Federal Register and will be made available for public

inspection in the above office during regular business hours.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Frank O'Sullivan, at the above address

or call (202) 720-2185.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The U.S. Department of Agriculture is

issuing this proposed rule in conformance with Executive Order 12866.

Pursuant to the requirements set forth in the Regulatory

Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et. seq.), the Administrator of the

Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) has determined that this action

will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of

small entities. This proposed rule for the revision of U.S. Standards

for Grades of Florida Grapefruit, U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida

Oranges and Tangelos, and U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida

Tangerines will not impose substantial direct economic cost,

recordkeeping, or personnel workload changes on small entities, and

will not alter the market share or competitive position of these

entities relative to large businesses. In addition, under the

Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946, the use of these standards is

voluntary.

This proposed rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12778,

Civil Justice Reform. This action is not intended to have retroactive

effect. This proposed rule will not preempt any State or local laws,

regulations, or policies, unless they present an irreconcilable

conflict with this rule. There are no administrative procedures which

must be exhausted prior to any judicial challenge to the provisions of

the rule.

Agencies periodically review existing regulations. An objective of

the review is to ensure that the grade standards are serving their

intended purpose, the language is clear, and the standards are

consistent with AMS policy and authority.

The United States Standards for Grades of Florida Grapefruit, the

United States Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges and Tangelos, and

the United States Standards for Grades of Florida Tangerines were last

revised in December 1980. The Florida Citrus Packers (FCP), which

represents the majority of citrus growers and packers in Florida, have

requested that the standards be revised in order to bring them into

conformity with current cultural, harvesting and marketing practices.

The FCP contends that due to new improved varieties, that changes to

the current standards are necessary.

The main purpose of the proposal is set forth in order to bring the

standards into conformity with current harvesting and marketing

practices. In addition, the standards have been reviewed for need,

clarity, and effectiveness as part of a periodic review. Accordingly,

we propose to amend the regulations as discussed below.

Presently, in the U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Grapefruit,

U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges and Tangelos, and U.S.

Standards for Grades of Florida Tangerines, the U.S Fancy, U.S. No. 1,

and U.S. No. 2 grades are required to be ``free from'' bruises, and the

U.S. No. 3 grade is required to be ``free from very serious damage.''

``Free from'' being any amount of bruising would be scored against the

U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 1 and U.S. No. 2 grades. However, it would have to

be ``free from very serious damage'' to be scored against the U.S. No.

3 grade. There currently is no definition of very serious damage by

bruising in the standards, and this may create confusion in the

marketplace. Therefore, it is proposed to delete ``free from'' bruises

and add ``free from injury,'' ``free from damage,'' and, ``free from

serious damage'' to the U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 1 and U.S. No. 2 grades,

respectively (``free from very serious damage'' will remain as it is

currently in the U.S. No. 3 grade). The terms will be defined in the

``classification of defects'' section. The definitions for injury,

damage, and serious damage by bruising are the same due to the severity

of the defect, thereby, bruising will be scored as serious damage when

``segment walls are collapsed, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are

ruptured,'' and scored as very serious damage when ``fruit is split

open, peel is badly watersoaked, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are

ruptured causing a mushy condition affecting all segments more than 3/4

inch at bruised area or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when

affecting more than one area on the fruit.''

Currently, in the U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Grapefruit,

and U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges and Tangelos, the U.S.

Fancy, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 2, and U.S. No. 3 grades are required to be

``free from cuts not healed.'' It is proposed to delete this

requirement, and add the requirement ``free from unhealed skin breaks''

to the above grades. This will encompass all types of fresh skin breaks

no matter what the cause, and will create uniformity among the three

standards.

It is proposed to delete the ``growth crack'' requirements from the

U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 2, and U.S. No. 3 grades of Florida

Grapefruit, and Florida Oranges and Tangelos. Any unhealed growth crack

would be treated as an ``unhealed skin break,'' and any amount would be

scored. Healed growth cracks would be considered as a ``scar'' and

scored based on the scar definitions in the ``classification of

defects'' section. [[Page 9991]] This will also create more uniformity

among the three standards.

The U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1 Golden, and, U.S. No. 2 Bright

grades were added to the U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida

Tangerines in order to give industry more flexibility in the marketing

of tangerines and to create uniformity (the other standards already

have these grades included).

All of the grades in the U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida

Grapefruit, U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges and Tangelos,

and U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Tangerines were put in the

same order for the purposes of uniformity and ease of use. Also, grades

which previously referenced ``Tables'' for the allowable number of

defective fruit would be changed to percentages.

Currently, in the U.S. No. 1 Bronze grades there is a requirement

that ``all fruit must show some discoloration.'' In application, this

means, that if one fruit did not have any discoloration on it at all,

the whole load and/or lot would not meet a U.S. No. 1 Bronze grade.

This requirement is too restrictive because one fruit with no

discoloration puts a load and/or lot of citrus out of grade. Therefore,

it is proposed that ``all fruit must show some discoloration'' be

deleted from the requirements of U.S. No. 1 Bronze grades. However, at

least 30 percent of the fruit shall have one-third of its surface

affected by discoloration, predominately rust mite type, is still part

of the requirements for a U.S. No. 1 Bronze grade.

The definition of ``poorly colored'' was moved from the

requirements of the U.S. No. 3 grade in the U.S. Standards for Grades

of Florida Grapefruit, and U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges

and Tangelos to the ``definition'' section to create greater uniformity

and consistency among the Florida citrus standards.

The unclassified designations would be eliminated in each standard

because it is not a grade and only serves to show that no grade has

been applied to the lot. Since this designation is rarely used and may

create some confusion in the marketplace, it should be discontinued.

It is proposed that the tolerances for defects and discoloration be

determined based on percentages rather than a specific number of

defective fruit, in order to create greater ease of use within the

marketplace. Currently, if applicants do not have a copy of the

standards with the table specifying the number of fruit permitted in a

load and/or lot, they will not know if a load and/or lot of citrus

meets a specified grade. Therefore, these percentages will create a

more common trading language, and greater uniformity due to the fact

that most of our current standards are based on a percentage of defects

rather than number of defective fruit permitted. Also, separate

tolerances for shipping point and en route or at destination are

included to allow for more defects of a progressive nature, consistent

with perishability.

The current standards contain tables specifying the total number of

fruit permitted in individual samples. However, it is proposed that the

tolerances be changed from specific number of defective fruit to

percentages of defective fruit, thereby eliminating the existing

tables. Therefore, it is proposed that an ``Application of Tolerances''

section be inserted in each of the regulations to provide percentage

limitations of defective fruit in individual samples. This is done to

create clarity and consistency among other U.S. standards.

The FCP requested that the ``Size'' sections of the standards be

revised to allow greater flexibility in the packing of numerous

varieties of fruit in various types and sizes of containers. It is

proposed that the ``size'' section be revised as follows: ``fruits

shall be fairly uniform in size and shall be packed in containers

according to approved and recognized methods; fairly uniform in size

means that not more than 9 percent of the grapefruit, 10 percent of the

oranges, tangelos, or tangerines, per sample may vary more than one-

half inch in diameter; and, in order to allow for variations incident

to proper sizing, not more than 10 percent of the samples in any lot

may fail to meet the requirements of size.'' ``Approved and recognized

methods'' means that the fruit size will be determined at shipping

point using specific pack patterns in a standard 4/5 bushel container,

and that containers shall be well filled. Well filled being when at

least one-half of the top layer fruit is not more than one-half inch

below the top or two inches above the top of the container. Each sample

would be allowed three grapefruit or five oranges, tangelos, and

tangerines to vary more than one-half inch in diameter within a sample

and still meet fairly uniform in size, provided that the entire lot

averages not more than ten percent. If the lot does not meet these

requirements it would fail to meet the size requirements, however, it

could still meet the grade requirements as these are separate.

Definitions for ``well colored,'' ``fairly well colored,''

``slightly colored,'' ``reasonably well colored,'' and ``poorly

colored'' would be revised to include ``color characteristic for the

variety'' in order to allow more flexibility in marketing varieties of

fruit with different colors.

In the U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Grapefruit, the

definitions for ``smooth texture,'' ``fairly smooth texture,'' and

``slightly rough texture'' would be revised to include definitions for

thickness of skin. In the past there was confusion as to what was

considered thin skin, fairly thin skin, and slightly thick skin,

however, with definitions for these terms the confusion would be

alleviated.

The definitions for ``green spots'' in the ``classification of

defects'' section are proposed to be aggregate areas instead of number

of spots. ``Green spots'' are currently too restrictive, in that they

allow not more than 10 spots for damage, and not more than 25 spots for

serious damage, regardless of the size of the fruit. All of the other

defects in the standards vary with the size of the fruit, larger areas

allowed on larger fruit and smaller areas allowed on smaller fruit,

therefore, this is too stringent. It is proposed to determine ``green

spots'' based on an aggregate area; aggregate area being, clustering

the spots into the area specified for the grade and commodity. If the

``green spots,'' when clustered together are outside of the specified

area it will be scored as a defect, keeping in mind that larger areas

are allowed on larger fruit and smaller areas on smaller fruit. For

example, ``green spots'' on a 4\1/8\ inch diameter grapefruit, if they

were clustered into a circle of more than \3/4\ inches, the ``green

spots'' would be considered damaged.

The definitions for ``oil spotting'' and ``skin breakdown'' in the

``classification of defects'' sections in all standards are being

revised. The ``oil spotting'' would be changed by deleting the number

of spots affected, which is thought to be too restrictive for perfectly

edible fruit; and, increasing the aggregate area allowed, in order to

bring the definitions into conformity with other citrus standards. The

definitions for ``skin breakdown'' would be revised to bring them more

in line with ``oil spotting,'' as it is often difficult to distinguish

between ``oil spotting'' and ``skin breakdown'' in its early stages.

Due to the similarity in defects caused by hail, thorn scratches,

and scars, it is proposed that the definitions in the ``classification

of defects'' sections be revised to score them all on the same basis as

``scars.'' Although they will still be described as ``hail,'' ``thorn

scratches,'' or ``scars,'' they will all be scored on the same basis.

In the U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Grapefruit, because

sprouted seeds undermine the quality of fruit regardless of whether the

sprouts are green or not, the ``sprouting'' definitions

[[Page 9992]] in the ``classification of defects'' section would be

revised by deleting reference to ``green'' sprouts and revising the

allowable lengths for sprouts. However, the FCP suggests that the

sprouted seeds should have an allowable length before scoring them.

Therefore, it is proposed that: ``not more than six seeds have sprouts

of more than \1/4\ inch in length, or more than 3 seeds with sprouts

over \3/4\ inch in length'' for damage; ``not more than six seeds have

sprouts of more than \1/2\ inch in length, or more than 3 seeds with

sprouts over 1 inch in length'' for serious damage; and, ``not more

than six seeds have sprouts more than \3/4\ inch in length, or more

than 3 seeds with sprouts over 1\1/4\ inch in length'' for very serious

damage.

The ``Note'' at the end of the ``classification of defects''

section references the size of the fruit in which to apply the

aggregate area or length of defects. Currently it references a specific

size fruit. However, due to the change in the ``size'' section, the

specific size referenced would no longer be applicable. Therefore, it

is proposed that the basis for scoring defects shall be based on a

fruit with a specific diameter measurement; 4\1/8\ inches in diameter

for grapefruit, 2\7/8\ inches in diameter for oranges and tangelos, and

2\1/2\ inches in diameter for tangerines.

Finally, the sections that reference the visual aid would be

deleted because changes in some of the definition of defects which

would make certain parts of the visual aid obsolete and because the

visual aids are no longer available.

List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 51

Agricultural commodities, Food grades and standards, Fruits, Nuts,

Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Vegetables.

PART 51--[AMENDED]

For reasons set forth in the preamble, it is proposed that 7 CFR

part 51 be amended as follows:

1. The authority citation for 7 CFR Part 51 continues to read as

follows:

Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1622, 1624.

2. In Subpart--United States Standards for Grades of Florida

Grapefruit is revised to read as follows:

Subpart--United States Standards for Grades of Florida Grapefruit

Grades

Sec.

51.750 U.S. Fancy.

51.751 U.S. No. 1 Bright.

51.752 U.S. No. 1.

51.753 U.S. No. 1 Golden.

51.754 U.S. No. 1 Bronze.

51.755 U.S. No. 1 Russet.

51.756 U.S. No. 2 Bright.

51.757 U.S. No. 2.

51.758 U.S. No. 2 Russet.

51.759 U.S. No. 3.

Tolerances

51.760 Tolerances.

Application of Tolerances

51.761 Application of tolerances.

Sample for Grade Determination

51.762 Sample for grade determination.

Size

51.763 Size.

Definitions

51.764 Similar varietal characteristics.

51.765 Well colored.

51.766 Firm.

51.767 Well formed.

51.768 Mature.

51.769 Smooth texture.

51.770 Injury.

51.771 Discoloration.

51.772 Fairly well colored.

51.773 Fairly smooth texture.

51.774 Damage.

51.775 Fairly firm.

51.776 Slightly misshapen.

51.777 Slightly rough texture.

51.778 Serious damage.

51.779 Slightly colored.

51.780 Poorly colored.

51.781 Misshapen.

51.782 Slightly spongy.

51.783 Very serious damage.

51.784 Diameter.

51.785 Classification of defects.

Subpart--United States Standards for Grades of Florida Grapefruit

Grades

Sec. 51.750 U.S. Fancy.

``U.S. Fancy'' consists of grapefruit which meet the following

requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Discoloration. Not more than one-tenth of the surface, in the

aggregate, may be affected by discoloration.

(See Sec. 51.771.);

(2) Firm;

(3) Mature;

(4) Similar varietal characteristics;

(5) Smooth texture;

(6) Well colored; and,

(7) Well formed.

(b) Free from:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Buckskin;

(3) Caked melanose;

(4) Decay;

(5) Scab;

(6) Sprayburn;

(7) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(8) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from injury caused by:

(1) Bruises;

(2) Green spots;

(3) Oil spots;

(4) Scale;

(5) Scars;

(6) Skin breakdown; and,

(7) Thorn scratches.

(d) Free from damage caused by:

(1) Dirt or other foreign material;

(2) Disease;

(3) Dryness or mushy condition;

(4) Hail;

(5) Insects;

(6) Sprouting;

(7) Sunburn; and,

(8) Other means.

(e) For tolerances see Sec. 51.760.

Sec. 51.751 U.S. No. 1 Bright.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1

except that no fruit may have more than one-fifth of its surface, in

the aggregate, affected by discoloration. For tolerances see

Sec. 51.760.

Sec. 51.752 U.S. No. 1.

``U.S. No. 1'' consists of grapefruit which meet the following

requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Discoloration. Not more than one-third of the surface, in the

aggregate, may be affected by discoloration.

(See Sec. 51.771.);

(2) Fairly smooth texture;

(3) Fairly well colored;

(4) Firm;

(5) Mature;

(6) Similar varietal characteristics; and,

(7) Well formed.

(b) Free from:

(1) Decay;

(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(3) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from damage caused by:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Buckskin;

(4) Caked melanose;

(5) Dirt or other foreign material;

(6) Disease;

(7) Dryness or mushy condition;

(8) Green spots;

(9) Hail;

(10) Insects;

(11) Oil spots;

(12) Scab;

(13) Scale;

(14) Scars;

(15) Skin breakdown;

(16) Sprayburn;

(17) Sprouting;

(18) Sunburn;

(19) Thorn scratches; and,

(20) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.760.

Sec. 51.753 U.S. No. 1 Golden.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1

except that not more than 30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have

more than one-third [[Page 9993]] of their surface, in the aggregate,

affected by discoloration. For tolerances see Sec. 51.760.

Sec. 51.754 U.S. No. 1 Bronze.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1

except that at least 30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have more

than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by

discoloration. The predominating discoloration on each of these fruits

shall be of rust mite type. For tolerances see Sec. 51.760.

Sec. 51.755 U.S. No. 1 Russet.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1

except that at least 30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have more

than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by any type

of discoloration. For tolerances see Sec. 51.760.

Sec. 51.756 U.S. No. 2 Bright.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 2

except that no fruit may have more than one-fifth of its surface, in

the aggregate, affected by discoloration. For tolerances see

Sec. 51.760.

Sec. 51.757 U.S. No. 2.

``U.S. No. 2'' consists of grapefruit which meet the following

requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Discoloration. Not more than one-half of the surface, in the

aggregate, may be affected by discoloration.

(See Sec. 51.771.)

(2) Fairly firm;

(3) Mature;

(4) Similar varietal characteristics;

(5) Slightly colored;

(6) Not more than slightly misshapen; and,

(7) Not more than slightly rough texture.

(b) Free from:

(1) Decay;

(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(3) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from serious damage caused by:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Buckskin;

(4) Caked melanose;

(5) Dirt or other foreign material;

(6) Disease;

(7) Dryness or mushy condition;

(8) Green spots;

(9) Hail;

(10) Insects;

(11) Oil spots;

(12) Scab;

(13) Scale;

(14) Scars;

(15) Skin breakdown;

(16) Sprayburn;

(17) Sprouting;

(18) Sunburn;

(19) Thorn scratches; and,

(20) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.760.

Sec. 51.758 U.S. No. 2 Russet.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 2

except that at least 10 percent of the fruit shall have more than one-

half of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by any type of

discoloration. For tolerances see Sec. 51.760.

Sec. 51.759 U.S. No. 3.

``U.S. No. 3'' consists of grapefruit which meet the following

requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Mature;

(2) Misshapen;

(3) Poorly colored;

(4) Rough texture, not seriously bumpy;

(5) Similar varietal characteristics; and,

(6) Slightly spongy.

(b) Free from:

(1) Decay;

(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(3) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from very serious damage caused by:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Buckskin;

(4) Caked melanose;

(5) Disease;

(6) Dryness or mushy condition;

(7) Hail;

(8) Insects;

(9) Oil spotting;

(10) Scab;

(11) Scale;

(12) Scars;

(13) Skin breakdown;

(14) Sprayburn;

(15) Sprouting;

(16) Sunburn; and,

(17) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.760.

Tolerances

Sec. 51.760 Tolerances.

In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and

handling in each of the foregoing grades, the following tolerances, by

count, are provided as specified:

(a) Defects.

(1) U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 1 Golden,

U.S. No. 1 Bronze, U.S. No. 1 Russet, U.S. No. 2 Bright, U.S. No. 2,

and U.S. No. 2 Russet.

(i) For defects at shipping point1. Not more than 10 percent

of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the

specified grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more than 5

percent shall be allowed for defects causing very serious damage,

including in this latter amount not more than 1 percent for decay or

wormy fruit.

\1\Shipping point, as used in the standards in this subpart,

means the point of origin of the shipment in the producing area or

at port of loading for ship stores or overseas shipment, or, in the

case of shipments from outside the continental United States, the

port of entry into the United States.

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(ii) For defects en route or at destination. Not more than 12

percent of the fruit which fail to meet the requirements of the

specified grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more than

the following percentages shall be allowed for defects listed:

(A) 10 percent for fruit having permanent defects; or,

(B) 7 percent for defects causing very serious damage, including

therein not more than 5 percent for very serious damage by permanent

defects and not more than 3 percent for decay or wormy fruit.

(2) U.S. No. 3.

(i) For defects at shipping point.\1\ Not more than 10 percent of

the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the grade:

Provided, that included in this amount not more than 1 percent shall be

for decay or wormy fruit.

(ii) For defects en route or at destination. Not more than 12

percent of the fruit which fail to meet the requirements of the grade:

Provided, that included in this amount not more than the following

percentages shall be allowed for defects listed:

(A) 10 percent for fruit having permanent defects; or,

(B) 3 percent for decay or wormy fruit.

(b) Discoloration.

(1) U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 2 Bright, and U.S. No.

2. Not more than 10 percent of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet

the requirements relating to discoloration as specified in each grade.

No sample may have more than 15 percent of the fruit with excessive

discoloration: And provided further, that the entire lot averages

within percentage specified.

(2) U.S. No. 1 Golden. Not more than 30 percent of the fruit shall

have in excess of one-third of their surface, in the aggregate,

affected by discoloration, and no part of any tolerance shall be

allowed to increase this percentage. No sample may have more than 40

percent of the fruit with excessive discoloration: And provided

further, that the entire lot averages within the percentage specified.

(3) U.S. No. 1 Bronze, and U.S. No. 1 Russet. At least 30 percent

of the fruit shall have in excess of one-third of the

[[Page 9994]] surface, in the aggregate, affected by discoloration, and

no part of any tolerance shall be allowed to reduce this percentage. No

sample may have less than 20 percent of the fruit with required

discoloration: And provided further, that the entire lot averages

within the percentage specified.

(4) U.S. No. 2 Russet. At least 10 percent of the fruit shall have

in excess of one-half of the surface, in the aggregate, affected by

discoloration, and no part of any tolerance shall be allowed to reduce

this percentage: And provided further, that the entire lot averages

within the percentage specified.

Application of Tolerances

Sec. 51.761 Application of tolerances.

Individual samples are subject to the following limitations, unless

otherwise specified in Sec. 51.760. Individual samples shall have not

more than one and one-half times a specified tolerance of 10 percent or

more, and not more than double a specified tolerance less than 10

percent: Provided, that at least one decayed or wormy fruit may be

permitted in any package: And provided further, that the averages for

the entire lot are within the tolerances specified for the grade.

Sample for Grade Determination

Sec. 51.762 Sample for grade determination.

Each sample shall consist of 33 fruit. When individual packages

contain at least 33 fruit, the sample is drawn from one package; when

individual packages contain less than 33 fruit, a sufficient number of

adjoining packages are opened to form a 33 fruit sample.

Size

Sec. 51.763 Size.

(a) Fruits shall be fairly uniform in size and shall be packed in

containers according to approved and recognized methods.

(b) ``Fairly uniform in size'' means that not more than 9 percent

of the grapefruit per sample may vary more than one-half inch in

diameter.

(c) In order to allow for variations incident to proper sizing, not

more than 10 percent of the samples in any lot may fail to meet the

requirements of size.

Definitions

Sec. 51.764 Similar varietal characteristics.

Similar varietal characteristics means that the fruits in any

container are similar in color and shape.

Sec. 51.765 Well colored.

Well colored means that the fruit has characteristic color for the

variety with practically no trace of green color.

Sec. 51.766 Firm.

Firm means that the fruit is not soft, or noticeably wilted or

flabby, and the skin is not spongy or puffy.

Sec. 51.767 Well formed.

Well formed means that the fruit has the shape characteristic of

the variety.

Sec. 51.768 Mature.

Mature shall have the same meaning currently assigned the term in

Secs. 601.16, 601.17, and 601.18 of the Florida Citrus Code of 1949, as

amended (chs. 28090 and 29760, Laws of Florida, 1953 and 1955), or as

the definition of such term may hereafter be amended.

Sec. 51.769 Smooth texture.

Smooth texture means that the skin is thin and smooth for the

variety and size of the fruit. ``Thin'' means that the skin thickness

does not average more than \3/8\ inch (9.5 mm), on a central cross

section, on grapefruit 4\1/8\ inches (104.8 mm) in diameter, allowing

proportionately greater areas on larger fruit and lesser areas on

smaller fruit.

Sec. 51.770 Injury.

Injury means any specific defect described in Sec. 51.785, Table I;

or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any

other defect, or any combination of defects, which slightly detracts

from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the fruit.

Sec. 51.771 Discoloration.

Discoloration means russeting of a light shade of golden brown

caused by rust mite or other means. Lighter shades of discoloration

caused by smooth or fairly smooth superficial scars or other means may

be allowed on a greater area, or darker shades may be allowed on a

lesser area, provided no discoloration caused by speck-type melanose or

other means may detract from the appearance of the fruit to a greater

extent than the shade and amount of discoloration allowed in the grade.

Sec. 51.772 Fairly well colored.

Fairly well colored means that except for an aggregate area of

green color which does not exceed the area of a circle 1 inch (25.4 mm)

in diameter, the characteristic color predominates over the green

color.

Sec. 51.773 Fairly smooth texture.

Fairly smooth texture means that the skin is fairly thin and not

coarse for the variety and size of the fruit. ``Fairly thin'' means

that the skin thickness does not average more than \1/2\ inch (12.7

mm), on a grapefruit 4\1/8\ inches (104.8 mm), allowing proportionately

greater areas on larger fruit and lesser areas on smaller fruit.

Sec. 51.774 Damage.

Damage means any specific defect described in Sec. 51.785 Table I;

or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any

other defect, or any combination of defects, which materially detracts

from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the fruit.

Sec. 51.775 Fairly firm.

Fairly firm means that the fruit may be slightly soft, but not

bruised, and the skin is not spongy or puffy.

Sec. 51.776 Slightly misshapen.

Slightly misshapen means that the fruit has fairly good shape

characteristic of the variety and is not more than slightly elongated

or pointed or otherwise deformed.

Sec. 51.777 Slightly rough texture.

Slightly rough texture means that the skin may be slightly thick

but not excessively thick, materially ridged or grooved. ``Slightly

thick'' means that the skin thickness does not average more than \5/8\

inch (15.9 mm), on a central cross section, on a grapefruit 4\1/8\

inches (104.8 mm), allowing proportionately greater areas on larger

fruit and lesser areas on smaller fruit.

Sec. 51.778 Serious damage.

Serious damage means any specific defect described in Sec. 51.785,

Table I; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these

defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which

seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing

quality of the fruit.

Sec. 51.779 Slightly colored.

Slightly colored means that except for an aggregate area of green

color which does not exceed the area of a circle 2 inches (50.8 mm) in

diameter, the fruit surface shows some characteristic color.

Sec. 51.780 Poorly colored.

Poorly colored means that not more than 25 percent of the surface

may be of a solid dark green color.

Sec. 51.781 Misshapen.

Misshapen means that the fruit is decidedly elongated, pointed, or

flatsided.

Sec. 51.782 Slightly spongy.

Slightly spongy means that the fruit is puffy or slightly wilted

but not flabby.

Sec. 51.783 Very serious damage.

Very serious damage means any specific defect in Sec. 51.785, Table

I; or an [[Page 9995]] equally objectionable variation of any one of

these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which

very seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing

quality of the fruit.

Sec. 51.784 Diameter.

Diameter means the greatest dimension measured at right angles to a

line from stem to blossom end.

Sec. 51.785 Classification of defects.

Table I

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Factor Injury Damage Serious damage Very serious damage

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ammoniation.......... ..................... Not occurring as Scars are cracked or Aggregating more

light speck type. dark and aggregating than 25 percent of

more than a circle 1 the surface.

inch (25.4 mm) in

diameter.

Bruises.............. Segment walls are Segment walls are Segment walls are Fruit is split open,

collapsed, or rag is collapsed, or rag is collapsed, or rag is peel is badly

ruptured and juice ruptured and juice ruptured and juice watersoaked, or rag

sacs are ruptured. sacs are ruptured. sacs are ruptured. is ruptured and

juice sacs are

ruptured causing a

mushy condition

affecting all

segments more than

\3/4\ inch (19.1

mm) at bruised area

or the equivalent

of this amount, by

volume, when

affecting more than

one area on the

fruit.

Buckskin............. ..................... Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more

a circle 1\1/4\ 25 percent of the than 50 percent of

inches (31.8 mm) in surface.. the surface

diameter.

Caked melanose....... ..................... Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more

a circle \3/4\ inch a circle 1 inch than 25 percent of

(19.1mm) in diameter. (25.4 mm) in the surface.

diameter.

Dryness or mushy ..................... Affecting all Affecting all Affecting all

condition. segments more than segments more than segments more than

\1/4\ inch (6.4 mm) \1/2\ inch (12.7 mm) \3/4\ inch (19.1

at stem end, or the at stem end, or the mm) at stem end, or

equivalent of this equivalent of this the equivalent of

amount, by volume, amount, by volume, this amount, by

when occurring in when occurring in volume, when

other portions of other portions of occurring in other

the fruit. the fruit. portions of the

fruit.

Green spots.......... Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more

a circle \1/2\ inch a circle \3/4\ inch a circle 1 inch than \1/3\ of the

(12.7 mm) in (19.1 mm) in (25.4 mm) in surface, caused by

diameter, caused by diameter, caused by diameter, caused by scale.

scale. scale. scale.

Oil spots............ Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more

a circle \1/2\ inch a circle 1 inch a circle 1\1/2\ than \1/3\ of the

(12.7 mm) in (25.4 mm) in inches (38.1 mm) in surface

diameter. diameter. diameter.

Scab................. ..................... Materially detracts Seriously detracts Aggregating more

from the shape or from the shape or than 25 percent of

texture, or texture, or the surface.

aggregating more aggregating more

than a circle \3/4\ than a circle \7/8\

inch (19.1 mm) in inch (22.2 mm) in

diameter. diameter.

Scale................ More than a few Blotch aggregating Blotch aggregating Aggregating more

adjacent to the more than a circle more than a circle 1 than 25 percent of

``button'' at the \3/4\ inch (19.1 mm) inch (25.4 mm) in the surface.

stem end, or more in diameter, or diameter, or

than 6 scattered on occurring as a ring occurring as a ring

other portions of more than a circle more than a circle

the fruit. 1\1/4\ inches (31.8 1\1/2\ inches (38.1

mm) in diameter. mm) in diameter.

Scars, Hail, or Thorn Depressed, not Very deep or very Very deep or very Very deep or very

scratches. smooth, or detracts rough aggregating rough aggregating rough or unsightly

from appearance more more than a circle more than a circle 1 that appearance is

than the amount of \1/2\ inch (12.7 mm) inch (25.4 mm) in very seriously

discoloration in diameter; deep or diameter; deep or affected.

permitted in the rough aggregating rough aggregating

grade. more than a circle 1 more than 5 percent

inch (25.4 mm) in of fruit surface;

diameter; slightly slight depth or

rough or of slight slightly rough

depth aggregating aggregating more

more than 10 percent than 15 percent of

of fruit surface. fruit surface.

Skin breakdown....... Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more

a circle \3/8\ inch a circle \3/4\ inch a circle 1 inch than 25 percent of

(9.5 mm) in diameter. (19.1 mm) in (25.4 mm) in the surface.

diameter. diameter.

[[Page 9996]]

Sprayburn............ ..................... Aggregating more than Hard and aggregating Aggregating more

a circle \3/4\ inch more than a circle than 25 percent of

(19.1 mm) in 1\1/2\ inches (38.1 the surface.

diameter. mm) in diameter.

Sprouting............ ..................... More than six seeds More than six seeds More than six seeds

have sprouts of more have sprouts of more have sprouts of

than \1/4\ inch (6.4 than \1/2\ inch more than \3/4\

mm) in length, or (12.7 mm) in length, inch (19.1 mm) in

more than 3 seeds or more than 3 seeds length, or more

with sprouts over \3/ with sprouts over 1 than 3 seeds with

4\ inch (19.1 mm) in inch (25.4 mm) in sprouts over 1\1/4\

length. length. inches (31.8 mm) in

length.

Sunburn.............. ..................... Skin is flattened, Skin is hard and Aggregating more

dry, darkened, or affects more than than 50 percent of

hard and the one-third of the the surface.

affected area surface.

exceeds 25 percent

of the surface.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Note: References to area or aggregating area, or length are based on a grapefruit 4\1/8\ inches (104.8 mm) in

diameter.

3. Part 51, Subpart--United States Standards for Grades of Florida

Oranges and Tangelos is revised to read as follows:

Subpart--United States Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges and

Tangelos

General

Sec.

51.1140 General.

Grades

51.1141 U.S.Fancy.

51.1142 U.S.No. 1 Bright.

51.1143 U.S.No. 1.

51.1144 U.S.No. 1 Golden.

51.1145 U.S.No. 1 Bronze.

51.1146 U.S.No. 1 Russet.

51.1147 U.S.No. 2 Bright.

51.1148 U.S.No. 2.

51.1149 U.S.No. 2 Russet.

51.1150 U.S.No. 3.

Tolerances

51.1151 Tolerances.

Application of Tolerances

51.1152 Application of tolerances.

Sample for Grade Determination

51.1153 Sample for grade determination.

Size

51.1154 Size.

Definitions

51.1155 Similar varietal characteristics.

51.1156 Well colored.

51.1157 Firm.

51.1158 Well formed.

51.1159 Mature.

51.1160 Smooth texture.

51.1161 Injury.

51.1162 Discoloration.

51.1163 Fairly smooth texture.

51.1164 Damage.

51.1165 Fairly well colored.

51.1166 Reasonably well colored.

51.1167 Poorly colored.

51.1168 Fairly firm.

51.1169 Slightly misshapen.

51.1170 Slightly rough texture.

51.1171 Serious damage.

51.1172 Misshapen.

51.1173 Slightly spongy.

51.1174 Very serious damage.

51.1175 Diameter.

51.1176 Classification of defects.

Standards for Internal Quality of Common Sweet Oranges (Citrus Sinensis

(L) Osbeck)

51.1177 U.S.Grade AA Juice (Double A).

51.1178 U.S.Grade A Juice.

51.1179 Maximum anhydrous citric permissible for corresponding

total soluble solids.

51.1180 Method of juice extraction.

Subpart--United States Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges and

Tangelos

General

Sec. 51.1140 General.

The standards contained in this subpart apply only to the common or

sweet orange group and varieties and hybrids of varieties belonging to

the Mandarin group, except tangerines, and to the citrus fruit commonly

known as ``tangelo''--a hybrid between tangerine or mandarin orange

(citrus reticulata) with either the grapefruit or pomelo (C. paradisi

and C. grandis). Separate U.S. standards apply to tangerines. The

standards for internal quality contained in Secs. 51.1177 through

51.1180 apply only to common sweet oranges (citrus sinensis (L)

Osbeck).

Grades

Sec. 51.1141 U.S. Fancy.

``U.S. Fancy'' consists of oranges which meet the following

requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Discoloration. Not more than one-tenth of the surface, in the

aggregate, may be affected by discoloration. (See Sec. 51.1162.);

(2) Firm;

(3) Mature;

(4) Similar varietal characteristics;

(5) Smooth texture;

(6) Well colored; and,

(7) Well formed.

(b) Free from:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Buckskin;

(3) Caked melanose;

(4) Creasing;

(5) Decay;

(6) Scab;

(7) Split navels;

(8) Sprayburn;

(9) Undeveloped segments;

(10) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(11) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from injury caused by:

(1) Bruises;

(2) Green spots;

(3) Oil spots;

(4) Rough, wide or protruding navels;

(5) Scale;

(6) Scars;

(7) Skin breakdown; and,

(8) Thorn scratches.

(d) Free from damage caused by:

(1) Dirt or other foreign material;

(2) Disease;

(3) Dryness or mushy condition;

(4) Hail;

(5) Insects;

(6) Riciness or woodiness;

(7) Sunburn; and,

(8) Other means.

(e) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.

(f) Internal quality. Lots meeting the internal requirements for

``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so

specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through

51.1180.)

Sec. 51.1142 U.S. No. 1 Bright.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1

except that [[Page 9997]] no fruit may have more than one-fifth of its

surface, in the aggregate, affected by discoloration.

(a) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.

(b) Internal quality. Lots meeting the internal requirements for

``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so

specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through

51.1180.)

Sec. 51.1143 U.S. No. 1.

``U.S. No. 1'' consists of oranges which meet the following

requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Color;

(i) Early and midseason varieties shall be fairly well colored.

(ii) For Valencia and other late varieties, not less than 50

percent, by count, shall be fairly well colored and the remainder

reasonably well colored.

(2) Discoloration. Not more than one-third of the surface, in the

aggregate, may be affected by discoloration. (See Sec. 51.1162.);

(3) Fairly smooth texture;

(4) Firm;

(5) Mature;

(6) Similar varietal characteristics; and,

(7) Well formed.

(b) Free from:

(1) Decay;

(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(3) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from damage caused by:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Buckskin;

(4) Caked melanose;

(5) Creasing;

(6) Dirt or other foreign material;

(7) Disease;

(8) Dryness or mushy condition;

(9) Green spots;

(10) Hail;

(11) Insects;

(12) Oil spots;

(13) Riciness or woodiness;

(14) Scab;

(15) Scale;

(16) Scars;

(17) Skin breakdown;

(18) Split, rough or protruding navels;

(19) Sprayburn;

(20) Sunburn;

(21) Thorn scratches; and,

(22) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.

(e) Internal quality. Lots meeting the internal requirements for

``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so

specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through

51.1180.)

Sec. 51.1144 U.S. No. 1 Golden.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1

except that not more than 30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have

more than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by

discoloration.

(a) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.

(b) Internal quality. Lots meeting the internal requirements for

``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so

specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through

51.1180.)

Sec. 51.1145 U.S. No. 1 Bronze.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1

except at least 30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have more than

one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by

discoloration. The predominating discoloration on each fruit shall be

of rust mite type.

(a) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.

(b) Internal quality. Lots meeting the internal requirements for

``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so

specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through

51.1180.)

Sec. 51.1146 U.S. No. 1 Russet.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1

except that at least 30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have more

than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by any type

of discoloration.

(a) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.

(b) Internal quality. Lots meeting the internal requirements for

``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so

specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through

51.1180.)

Sec. 51.1147 U.S. No. 2 Bright.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 2

except that no fruit may have more than one-fifth of its surface, in

the aggregate, affected by discoloration.

(a) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.

(b) Internal quality. Lots meeting the internal requirements for

``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so

specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through

51.1180.)

Sec. 51.1148 U.S. No. 2.

``U.S. No. 2'' consists of oranges which meet the following

requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Discoloration. Not more than one-half of the surface, in the

aggregate, may be affected by discoloration. (See Sec. 51.1162.)

(2) Fairly firm;

(3) Mature;

(4) Reasonably well colored;

(5) Similar varietal characteristics;

(6) Not more than slightly misshapen; and,

(7) Not more than slightly rough texture.

(b) Free from:

(1) Decay;

(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(3) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from serious damage caused by:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Buckskin;

(4) Caked melanose;

(5) Creasing;

(6) Dirt or other foreign material;

(7) Disease;

(8) Dryness or mushy condition;

(9) Green spots;

(10) Hail;

(11) Insects;

(12) Oil spots;

(13) Riciness or woodiness;

(14) Scab;

(15) Scale;

(16) Scars;

(17) Skin breakdown;

(18) Split, rough or protruding navels;

(19) Sprayburn;

(20) Sunburn;

(21) Thorn scratches; and,

(22) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.

(e) Internal quality: Lots meeting the internal requirements for

``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so

specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through

51.1180.)

Sec. 51.1149 U.S. No. 2 Russet.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 2

except that at least 10 percent of the fruit shall have more than one-

half of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by any type of

discoloration.

(a) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.

(b) Internal quality. Lots meeting the internal requirements for

``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so

specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through

51.1180.)

Sec. 51.1150 U.S. No. 3.

``U.S. No. 3'' consists of oranges which meet the following

requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Mature;

(2) Misshapen;

(3) Poorly colored;

(4) Rough texture, not seriously lumpy;

(5) Similar varietal characteristics; and,

(6) Slightly spongy.

(b) Free from: [[Page 9998]]

(1) Decay;

(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(3) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from very serious damage caused by:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Buckskin;

(4) Caked melanose;

(5) Creasing;

(6) Disease;

(7) Dryness or mushy condition;

(8) Hail;

(9) Insects;

(10) Riciness or woodiness;

(11) Scab;

(12) Scale;

(13) Scars;

(14) Skin breakdown;

(15) Split navels;

(16) Sprayburn;

(17) Sunburn; and,

(18) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1151.

(e) Internal quality. Lots meeting the internal requirements for

``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'' or ``U.S. Grade A Juice'' may be so

specified in connection with the grade. (See Secs. 51.1177 through

51.1180.)

Tolerances

Sec. 51.1151 Tolerances.

In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and

handling in each of the foregoing grades, the following tolerances, by

count, are provided as specified:

(a) Defects.

(1) U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 1 Golden,

U.S. No. 1 Bronze, U.S. No. 1 Russet, U.S. No. 2 Bright, U.S. No. 2,

and U.S. No. 2 Russet grades.

(i) For defects at shipping point.1 Not more than 10 percent

of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the

specified grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more than 5

percent shall be allowed for defects causing very serious damage,

including in this latter amount not more than 1 percent for decay or

wormy fruit.

\1\Shipping point, as used in the standards in this subpart,

means the point of origin of the shipment in the producing area or

at port of loading for ship stores or overseas shipment, or, in the

case of shipments from outside the continental United States, the

port of entry into the United States.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

(ii) For defects en route or at destination. Not more than 12

percent of the fruit which fail to meet the requirements of the

specified grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more than

the following percentages shall be allowed for defects listed:

(A) 10 percent for fruit having permanent defects; or,

(B) 7 percent for defects causing very serious damage, including

therein not more than 5 percent for very serious damage by permanent

defects and not more than 3 percent for decay or wormy fruit.

(2) U.S. No. 3.

(i) For defects at shipping point.1 Not more than 10 percent

of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the grade:

Provided, that included in this amount not more than 1 percent shall be

for decay or wormy fruit.

(ii) For defects en route or at destination. Not more than 12

percent of the fruit which fail to meet the requirements of the grade:

Provided, that included in this amount not more than the following

percentages shall be allowed for defects listed:

(A) 10 percent for fruit having permanent defects; or,

(B) 3 percent for decay or wormy fruit.

(b) Discoloration.

(1) U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 2 Bright, and U.S. No.

2. Not more than 10 percent of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet

the requirements relating to discoloration as specified in each grade.

No sample may have more than 15 percent of the fruit with excessive

discoloration: And provided further, that the entire lot averages

within the percentage specified.

(2) U.S. No. 1 Golden. Not more than 30 percent of the fruit shall

have in excess of one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, and no

part of any tolerance shall be allowed to increase this percentage. No

sample may have more than 40 percent of the fruit with excessive

discoloration: And provided further, that the entire lot averages

within the percentage specified.

(3) U.S. No. 1 Bronze, and U.S. No. 1 Russet. At least 30 percent

of the fruit shall have in excess of one-third of the surface, in the

aggregate, affected by discoloration, and no part of any tolerance

shall be allowed to reduce this percentage. No sample may have less

than 20 percent of the fruit with required discoloration: And provided

further, that the entire lot averages within the percentage specified.

(4) U.S. No. 2 Russet. At least 10 percent of the fruit shall have

in excess of one-half of the surface, in the aggregate, affected by

discoloration, and no part of any tolerance shall be allowed to reduce

this percentage: And provided further, that the entire lot averages

within the percentage specified.

Application of Tolerances

Sec. 51.1152 Application of tolerances.

Individual samples are subject to the following limitations, unless

otherwise specified in Sec. 51.1151: Provided, that individual samples

shall have not more than one and one-half times a specified tolerance

of 10 percent or more, and not more than double a specified tolerance

of less than 10 percent: And provided further, that the averages for

the entire lot are within the tolerances specified for the grade.

Sample For Grade Determination

Sec. 51.1153 Sample for grade determination.

Each sample shall consist of 50 fruit. When individual packages

contain at least 50 fruit, the sample is drawn from one package; when

individual packages contain less than 50 fruit, a sufficient number of

adjoining packages are opened to form a 50 fruit sample.

Size

Sec. 51.1154 Size.

(a) Fruits shall be fairly uniform in size and shall be packed in

containers according to approved and recognized methods.

(b) ``Fairly uniform in size'' means that not more than 10 percent

of the oranges per sample may vary more than one-half inch in diameter.

(c) In order to allow for variations incident to proper sizing, not

more than 10 percent of the samples in any lot may fail to meet the

requirements of size.

Definitions

Sec. 51.1155 Similar varietal characteristics.

Similar varietal characteristics means that the fruits in any

container are similar in color and shape.

Sec. 51.1156 Well colored.

Well colored as applied to common oranges and tangelos means that

the fruit has characteristic color for the variety with practically no

trace of green color.

Sec. 51.1157 Firm.

Firm as applied to common oranges and tangelos means that the fruit

is not soft, or noticeably wilted or flabby; as applied to oranges of

the Mandarin group (Satsumas, King, Mandarin), ``firm'' means that the

fruit is not extremely puffy, although the skin may be slightly loose.

Sec. 51.1158 Well formed.

Well formed means that the fruit has the shape characteristic of

the variety.

Sec. 51.1159 Mature.

(a) Mature for other than Temple oranges shall have the same

meaning currently assigned that term in section 601.19 and 601.20 of

the Florida Citrus Code of 1949, as amended (ch. 25149, Laws of

Florida, 1949), or as the [[Page 9999]] definition of such term may

hereafter be amended;

(b) Mature for Temple oranges shall have the same meaning currently

assigned that term in sections 601.21 and 601.22 of the Florida Citrus

Code of 1949, as amended (ch. 26492, Laws of Florida, 1951), or as the

definition of such term may hereafter be amended; and,

(c) Mature for Tangelos shall have the same meaning currently

assigned that term in section 601.231 and 601.232 of the Florida Citrus

Code of 1949, as amended (ch. 29757, Laws of Florida, 1955), or as the

definition of such term may hereafter be amended.

Sec. 51.1160 Smooth texture.

Smooth texture means that the skin is thin and smooth for the

variety and size of the fruit.

Sec. 51.1161 Injury.

Injury means any specific defect described in Sec. 51.1176, Table

I; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects,

any other defect, or any combination of defects which slightly detracts

from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the fruit.

Sec. 51.1162 Discoloration.

Discoloration means russeting of a light shade of golden brown

caused by rust mite or other means. Lighter shades of discoloration

caused by smooth or fairly smooth superficial scars or other means may

be allowed on a greater area, or darker shades may be allowed on a

lesser area, provided no discoloration caused by speck type melanose or

other means may detract from the appearance of the fruit to a greater

extent than the shade and amount of discoloration allowed for the

grade.

Sec. 51.1163 Fairly smooth texture.

Fairly smooth texture means that the skin is fairly thin and not

coarse for the variety and size of the fruit.

Sec. 51.1164 Damage.

Damage means any specific defect described in Sec. 51.1176, Table

I; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects,

any other defect, or any combination of defects, which materially

detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the

fruit.

Sec. 51.1165 Fairly well colored.

Fairly well colored as applied to common oranges and tangelos means

that except for an aggregate area of green color which does not exceed

the area of a circle 1 inch (25.4 mm) in diameter, the characteristic

color predominates over the green color.

Sec. 51.1166 Reasonably well colored.

Reasonably well colored as applied to common oranges means that the

characteristic color predominate over the green color on at least two-

thirds of the fruit surface, in the aggregate.

Sec. 51.1167 Poorly colored.

Poorly colored as applied to common oranges means that not more

than 25 percent of the surface may be solid dark green color.

Sec. 51.1168 Fairly firm.

Fairly firm as applied to common oranges and tangelos, means that

the fruit may be slightly soft, but not bruised; as applied to oranges

of the Mandarin group (Satsumas, King, Mandarin), means that the skin

of the fruit is not extremely puffy or extremely loose.

Sec. 51.1169 Slightly misshapen.

Slightly misshapen means that the fruit is not of the shape

characteristic of the variety but is not appreciably elongated or

pointed or otherwise deformed.

Sec. 51.1170 Slightly rough texture.

Slightly rough texture means that the skin is not of smooth texture

but is not materially ridged, grooved, or wrinkled.

Sec. 51.1171 Serious damage.

Serious damage means any specific defect described in Sec. 51.1176,

Table I; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these

defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which

seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing

quality of the fruit.

Sec. 51.1172 Misshapen.

Misshapen means that the fruit is decidedly elongated, pointed or

flatsided.

Sec. 51.1173 Slightly spongy.

Slightly spongy means that the fruit is puffy or slightly wilted

but not flabby.

Sec. 51.1174 Very serious damage.

Very serious damage means any specific defect described in

Sec. 51.1176, Table I; or an equally objectionable variation of any one

of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects,

which very seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or

marketing quality of the fruit.

Sec. 51.1175 Diameter.

Diameter means the greatest dimension measured at right angles to a

line from stem to blossom end.

Sec. 51.1176 Classification of defects.

Table I

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Factor Injury Damage Serious damage Very serious damage

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ammoniation.......... ................... Not occurring as Scars are cracked or Aggregating more

light speck type. dark and aggregating than 25 percent of

more than a circle the surface.

\3/4\ inch (19.1 mm)

in diameter.

Bruises.............. Segment walls are Segment walls are Segment walls are Fruit is split open,

collapsed, or rag is collapsed, or rag is collapsed, or rag is peel is badly

ruptured and juice ruptured and juice ruptured and juice watersoaked, or rag

sacs are ruptured. sacs are ruptured. sacs are ruptured. is ruptured and

juice sacs are

ruptured causing a

mushy condition

affecting all

segments more than

\3/4\ inch (19.1

mm) at bruised area

or the equivalent

of this amount, by

volume, when

affecting more than

one area on the

fruit.

[[Page 10000]]

Buckskin............. ................... Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more

a circle 1 inch 25 percent of the than 50 percent of

(25.4 mm) in surface. the surface.

diameter.

Caked melanose....... ................... Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more

a circle \5/8\ inch a circle \3/4\ inch than 25 percent of

(15.9 mm) in (19.1 mm) in the surface.

diameter. diameter.

Creasing............. ................... Materially weakens Seriously weakens the Very seriously

the skin, or extends skin, or extends weakens the skin,

over more than one- over more than one- or is distributed

third of the surface. half of the surface. over practically

the entire surface.

Dryness or mushy ................... Affecting all Affecting all Affecting all

condition. segments more than segments more than segments more than

\1/4\ inch (6.4 mm) \1/2\ inch (12.7 mm) \3/4\ inch (19.1

at stem end, or the at stem end, or the mm) at stem end, or

equivalent of this equivalent of this the equivalent of

amount, by volume, amount, by volume, this amount, by

when occurring in when occurring in volume, when

other portions of other portions of occurring in other

the fruit. the fruit. portions of the

fruit.

Green spots.......... Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more

a circle \3/8\ inch a circle \5/8\ inch a circle \7/8\ inch than \1/3\ of the

(9.5 mm) in (15.9 mm) in (22.2 mm) in surface, caused by

diameter, caused by diameter, caused by diameter, caused by scale.

scale. scale. scale.

Oil spots............ Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more

a circle \3/8\ inch a circle \7/8\ inch a circle 1\1/4\ than \1/3\ of the

(9.5 mm) in diameter. (22.2 mm) in inches (31.8 mm) in surface.

diameter. diameter.

Scab................. ................... Materially detracts Seriously detracts Aggregating more

from the shape or from the shape or than 25 percent of

texture, or texture, or the surface.

aggregating more aggregating more

than a circle \5/8\ than a circle \3/4\

inch (15.9 mm) in inch (19.1 mm) in

diameter. diameter.

Scale................ More than a few Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more

adjacent to the a circle \5/8\ inch a circle \3/4\ inch than 25 percent of

``button'' at the (15.9 mm) in (19.1 mm) in the surface.

stem end, or more diameter. diameter.

than 6 scattered on

other portions of

the fruit.

Scars, hail, or thorn Depressed, not Deep or rough Deep or rough Deep or rough or

scratches. smooth, or detracts aggregating more aggregating more unsightly that

from appearance more than a circle \1/4\ than a circle \1/2\ appearance is very

than the amount of inch (6.4 mm) in inch (12.7 mm) in seriously affected.

discoloration diameter; slightly diameter; slightly

permitted in the rough with slight rough with depth

grade. depth aggregating aggregating more

more than a circle than a circle 1\1/4\

\7/8\ inch (22.2 mm) inches (31.8 mm) in

in diameter; smooth diameter; smooth or

or fairly smooth fairly smooth with

with slight depth slightly depth

aggregating more aggregating more

than a circle 1\1/4\ than 10 percent of

inches (31.8. mm) in fruit surface.

diameter.

Skin breakdown....... Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more than Aggregating more

a circle \1/4\ inch a circle \1/2\ inch a circle \7/8\ inch than 25 percent of

(6.4 mm) in diameter. (12.7 mm) in (22.2 mm) in the surface.

diameter. diameter.

Sprayburn............ ................... Aggregating more than Hard and aggregating Aggregating more

a circle \5/8\ inch more than a circle than 25 percent of

(15.9 mm) in 1\1/2\ inches (38.1 the surface

diameter. mm) in diameter.

Split, rough, Split is unhealed, or Split is unhealed, or Split is unhealed, or Split is unhealed or

protruding navels. more than \1/8\ inch more than \1/4\ inch more than \1/2\ inch fruit is seriously

(3.2 mm) in length, (6.4 mm) in length, (12.7 mm) in length, weakened

or navel protrudes or more than three or two or more

beyond the general well healed splits, splits aggregate

contour, and opening or navel protrudes more than 1 inch

is so wide, folded beyond the general (25.4 mm) in length,

and ridged that it contour, and opening or navel protrudes

detracts from the is so wide, folded beyond general

appearance. and ridged that it contour, and opening

detracts from is so wide, folded

appearance. and ridged that it

detracts from

appearance.

Sunburn.............. ................... Skin is flattened, Skin is hard and Aggregating more

dry, darkened, or affects more than than 50 percent of

hard and the one-third of the the surface.

affected area surface.

exceeds 25 percent

of the surface.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Note: References to area or aggregating area, or length are based on an orange or tangelo 2\7/8\ inches (73.0

mm) in diameter.

[[Page 10001]]

Standards For Internal Quality of Common Sweet Oranges (Citrus Sinensis

(L) Osbeck)

Sec. 51.1177 U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A).

Any lot of oranges, the juice content of which meets the following

requirements, may be designated ``U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)'':

(a) Each lot of fruit shall contain an average of not less than 5

gallons (18.9 liters) of juice per standard packed box of 1\3/5\

bushels.

(b) The average juice content for any lot of fruit shall have not

less than 10 percent total soluble solids, and not less than one-half

of 1 percent anhydrous citric acid, or more than the permissible

maximum acid specified in Table II of Sec. 51.1179.

Sec. 51.1178 U.S. Grade A Juice.

Any lot of oranges, the juice content of which meets the following

requirements, may be designated ``U.S. Grade A Juice'':

(a) Each lot of fruit shall contain an average of not less than

4\1/2\ gallons (17.0 liters) of juice per standard packed box of 1\3/5\

bushels.

(b) The average juice content for any lot of fruit shall have not

less than 9 percent total soluble solids, and not less than one-half of

1 percent anhydrous citric acid, or more than the permissible maximum

acid specified in Table II of Sec. 51.1179.

Sec. 51.1179 Maximum anhydrous citric acid permissible for

corresponding total soluble solids.

For determining the grade of juice, the maximum permissible

anhydrous citric acid content in relation to corresponding total

soluble solids in the fruit is set forth in the following Table II

together with the minimum ratio of total soluble solids to anhydrous

citric acid:

Table II

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Minimum

Maximum ratio of

anhydrous total

Total soluble solids (average pct) citric acid soluble

(average solids to

pct) anhydrous

citric acid

------------------------------------------------------------------------

9.0........................................... 0.947 9.50-1

9.1........................................... .963 9.45-1

9.2........................................... .979 9.40-1

9.3........................................... .995 9.35-1

9.4........................................... 1.011 9.30-1

9.5........................................... 1.027 9.25-1

9.6........................................... 1.043 9.20-1

9.7........................................... 1.060 9.15-1

9.8........................................... 1.077 9.10-1

9.9........................................... 1.094 9.05-1

10.0.......................................... 1.111 9.00-1

10.1.......................................... 1.128 8.95-1

10.2.......................................... 1.146 8.90-1

10.3.......................................... 1.164 8.85-1

10.4.......................................... 1.182 8.80-1

10.5.......................................... 1.200 8.75-1

10.6.......................................... 1.218 8.70-1

10.7.......................................... 1.237 8.65-1

10.8.......................................... 1.256 8.60-1

10.9.......................................... 1.275 8.55-1

11.0.......................................... 1.294 8.50-1

11.1.......................................... 1.306 8.50-1

11.2.......................................... 1.318 8.50-1

11.3.......................................... 1.329 8.50-1

11.4.......................................... 1.341 8.50-1

11.5.......................................... 1.353 8.50-1

11.6.......................................... 1.365 8.50-1

11.7.......................................... 1.376 8.50-1

11.8.......................................... 1.388 8.50-1

11.9.......................................... 1.400 8.50-1

12.0.......................................... 1.412 8.50-1

12.1.......................................... 1.424 8.50-1

12.2.......................................... 1.435 8.50-1

12.3.......................................... 1.447 8.50-1

12.4.......................................... 1.459 8.50-1

12.5.......................................... 1.471 8.50-1

12.6.......................................... 1.482 8.50-1

12.7.......................................... 1.494 8.50-1

12.8.......................................... 1.506 8.50-1

12.9.......................................... 1.517 8.50-1

13.0.......................................... 1.530 8.50-1

13.1.......................................... 1.541 8.50-1

13.2.......................................... 1.553 8.50-1

13.3.......................................... 1.565 8.50-1

13.4.......................................... 1.576 8.50-1

13.5.......................................... 1.588 8.50-1

13.6.......................................... 1.600 8.50-1

13.7.......................................... 1.612 8.50-1

13.8.......................................... 1.624 8.50-1

13.9.......................................... 1.635 8.50-1

14.0.......................................... 1.647 8.50-1

14.1.......................................... 1.659 8.50-1

14.2.......................................... 1.671 8.50-1

14.3.......................................... 1.682 8.50-1

14.4.......................................... 1.694 8.50-1

14.5.......................................... 1.705 8.50-1

14.6.......................................... 1.718 8.50-1

14.7.......................................... 1.729 8.50-1

14.8.......................................... 1.741 8.50-1

14.9.......................................... 1.753 8.50-1

15.0.......................................... 1.765 8.50-1

15.1.......................................... 1.776 8.50-1

15.2.......................................... 1.788 8.50-1

15.3.......................................... 1.800 8.50

15.4.......................................... 1.812 8.50-1

15.5.......................................... 1.824 8.50-1

15.6 or more.................................. 8.50-1

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec. 51.1180 Method of juice extraction.

The juice used in the determining of solids, acids and juice

content shall be extracted from representative samples as thoroughly as

possible with a hand reamer or by such mechanical extractor or

extractors as may be approved. The juice shall be strained through

cheese cloth or other approved straining device of extra fine mesh to

prevent passage of juice cells, pulp, or seeds.

4. Part 51, Subpart--United States Standards for Grades of Florida

Tangerines is revised to read as follows:

Subpart--United States Standards for Grades of Florida Tangerines

Grades

Sec.

51.1810 U.S. Fancy.

51.1811 U.S. No. 1 Bright.

51.1812 U.S. No. 1.

51.1813 U.S. No. 1 Golden.

51.1814 U.S. No. 1 Bronze.

51.1815 U.S. No. 1 Russet.

51.1816 U.S. No. 2 Bright.

51.1817 U.S. No. 2.

51.1818 U.S. No. 2 Russet.

51.1819 U.S. No. 3.

Tolerances

51.1820 Tolerances.

Application of Tolerances

51.1821 Application of tolerances.

Sample for Grade Determination

51.1822 Sample for grade determination.

Size

51.1823 Size.

Definitions

51.1824 Mature.

51.1825 Firm.

51.1826 Well formed.

51.1827 Damage.

51.1828 Highly colored.

51.1829 Discoloration.

51.1830 Well colored.

51.1831 Fairly well colored.

51.1832 Fairly firm.

51.1833 Fairly well formed.

51.1834 Serious damage.

51.1835 Reasonably well colored.

51.1836 Very serious damage.

51.1837 Diameter.

51.1838 Classification of defects.

Subpart--United States Standards for Grades of Florida Tangerines

Sec. 51.1810 U.S. Fancy.

``U.S. Fancy'' consists of tangerines which meet the following

requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Discoloration. Not more than one-tenth of the surface, in the

aggregate, may be affected by discoloration. (See Sec. 51.1829.);

(2) Firm;

(3) Highly colored;

(4) Mature; and,

(5) Well formed.

(b) Free from:

(1) Caked melanose;

(2) Decay;

(3) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(4) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from damage caused by:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Buckskin;

(4) Creasing; [[Page 10002]]

(5) Dirt or other foreign material;

(6) Dryness or mushy condition;

(7) Disease;

(8) Green spots;

(9) Hail;

(10) Insects;

(11) Oil spots;

(12) Scab;

(13) Scale;

(14) Scars;

(15) Skin breakdown;

(16) Sprayburn;

(17) Sunburn; and,

(18) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1820.

Sec. 51.1811 U.S. No. 1 Bright.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1

except that no fruit may have more than one-fifth of its surface, in

the aggregate, affected by discoloration. For tolerances see

Sec. 51.1820.

Sec. 51.1812 U.S. No. 1.

``U.S. No. 1'' consists of tangerines which meet the following

requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Discoloration. Not more than one-third of the surface, in the

aggregate, may be affected by discoloration. (See Sec. 51.1829.);

(2) Fairly well colored;

(3) Firm;

(4) Mature; and,

(5) Well formed.

(b) Free from:

(1) Decay;

(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(3) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from damage caused by:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Buckskin;

(4) Caked melanose;

(5) Creasing;

(6) Dirt or other foreign material;

(7) Disease;

(8) Dryness or mushy condition;

(9) Green spots;

(10) Hail;

(11) Insects;

(12) Oil spots;

(13) Scab;

(14) Scale;

(15) Scars;

(16) Skin breakdown;

(17) Sprayburn;

(18) Sunburn; and,

(19) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1820.

Sec. 51.1813 U.S. No. 1 Golden.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1

except that not more than 30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have

more than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by

discoloration. For tolerances see Sec. 51.1820.

Sec. 51.1814 U.S. No. 1 Bronze.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1

except that at least 30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have more

than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by

discoloration. The predominating discoloration on each fruit shall be

of rust mite type. For tolerances see Sec. 51.1820.

Sec. 51.1815 U.S. No. 1 Russet.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1

except that at least 30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have more

than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by any type

of discoloration. For tolerances see Sec. 51.1820.

Sec. 51.1816 U.S. No. 2 Bright.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 2

except that no fruit may have more than one-fifth of its surface, in

the aggregate, affected by discoloration. For tolerances see

Sec. 51.1820.

Sec. 51.1817 U.S. No. 2.

``U.S. No. 2'' consists of tangerines which meet the following

requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Discoloration. Not more than one-half of the surface, in the

aggregate, may be affected by discoloration. (See Sec. 51.1829.);

(2) Fairly firm;

(3) Fairly well formed;

(4) Mature; and,

(5) Reasonably well colored.

(b) Free from:

(1) Decay;

(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(3) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from serious damage caused by:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Buckskin;

(4) Caked melanose;

(5) Creasing;

(6) Dirt or other foreign material;

(7) Disease;

(8) Dryness or mushy condition;

(9) Green spots;

(10) Hail;

(11) Insects;

(12) Oil spots;

(13) Scab;

(14) Scale;

(15) Scars;

(16) Skin breakdown;

(17) Sprayburn;

(18) Sunburn; and,

(19) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1820.

Sec. 51.1818 U.S. No. 2 Russet.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 2

except that at least 10 percent of the fruit shall have more than one-

half of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by any type of

discoloration. For tolerances see Sec. 51.1820.

Sec. 51.1819 U.S. No. 3.

``U.S. No. 3'' consists of tangerines which meet the following

requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Mature;

(2) Not flabby; and,

(3) Not seriously lumpy.

(b) Free from:

(1) Decay;

(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(3) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from very serious damage caused by:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Caked melanose;

(4) Creasing;

(5) Dirt or other foreign material;

(6) Disease;

(7) Dryness or mushy condition;

(8) Hail;

(9) Insects;

(10) Scab;

(11) Scale;

(12) Scars;

(13) Skin breakdown;

(14) Sprayburn;

(15) Sunburn; and,

(16) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see Sec. 51.1820.

Tolerances

Sec. 51.1820 Tolerances.

In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and

handling in each of the foregoing grades, the following tolerances, by

count, are provided as specified:

(a) Defects.

(1) U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 1 Golden,

U.S. No. 1 Bronze, U.S. No. 1 Russet, U.S. No. 2 Bright, U.S. No. 2,

and U.S. No. 2 Russet grades.

(i) For defects at shipping point.\1\ Not more than 10 percent of

the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the specified

grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more than 5 percent

shall be allowed for defects causing very serious damage, including in

this latter amount not more than 1 percent for decay or wormy fruit.

\1\Shipping point, as used in the standards in this subpart,

means the point of origin of the shipment in the producing area or

at port of loading for ship stores or overseas shipment, or, in the

case of shipments from outside the continental United States, the

port of entry into the United States.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

(ii) For defects en route or at destination. Not more than 12

percent of the fruit which fail to meet the requirements of the

specified grade: [[Page 10003]] Provided, that included in this amount

not more than the following percentages shall be allowed for defects

listed:

(A) 10 percent for fruit having permanent defects; or,

(B) 7 percent for defects causing very serious damage, including

therein not more than 5 percent for very serious damage by permanent

defects and not more than 3 percent for decay or wormy fruit.

(2) U.S. No. 3.

(i) For defects at shipping point.\1\ Not more than 10 percent of

the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the grade:

Provided, that included in this amount not more than 1 percent shall be

for decay or wormy fruit.

(ii) For defects en route or at destination. Not more than 12

percent of the fruit which fail to meet the requirements of the grade:

Provided, that included in this amount not more than the following

percentages shall be allowed for defects listed:

(A) 10 percent for fruit having permanent defects; or,

(B) 3 percent for decay or wormy fruit.

(b) Discoloration.

(1) U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 2 Bright, and U.S. No.

2. Not more than 10 percent of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet

the requirements relating to discoloration as specified in each grade.

No sample may have more than 15 percent of the fruit with excessive

discoloration: And provided further, that the entire lot averages

within the percentage specified.

(2) U.S. No. 1 Golden. Not more than 30 percent of the fruit shall

have in excess of one-third of their surface, in the aggregate,

affected by discoloration, and no part of any tolerance shall be

allowed to increase this percentage. No sample may have more than 40

percent of the fruit with excessive discoloration: And provided

further, that the entire lot averages within the percentage specified.

(3) U.S. No. 1 Bronze, and U.S. No. 1 Russet. At least 30 percent

of the fruit shall have in excess of one-third of the surface, in the

aggregate, affected by discoloration, and no part of any tolerance

shall be allowed to reduce this percentage. No sample may have less

than 20 percent of the fruit with required discoloration: And provided

further, that the entire lot averages within the percentage specified.

(4) U.S. No. 2 Russet. At least 10 percent of the fruit shall have

in excess of one-half of the surface, in the aggregate, affected by

discoloration, and no part of any tolerance shall be allowed to reduce

this percentage: And provided further, that the entire lot averages

within the percentage specified.

Application of Tolerances

Sec. 51.1821 Application of tolerances.

Individual samples are subject to the following limitations, unless

otherwise specified in Sec. 51.1820: Provided, that individual samples

shall have not more than one and one-half times a specified tolerance

of 10 percent or more, and not more than double a specified tolerance

of less than 10 percent: And provided further, that the averages for

the entire lot are within the tolerances specified for the grade.

Sample for Grade Determination

Sec. 51.1822 Sample for grade determination.

Each sample shall consist of 50 fruit. When individual packages

contain at least 50 fruit, the sample is drawn from one package; when

individual packages contain less than 50 fruit, a sufficient number of

adjoining packages are opened to form a 50 fruit sample.

Size

Sec. 51.1823 Size.

(a) Fruits shall be fairly uniform in size and shall be packed in

containers according to approved and recognized methods.

(b) ``Fairly uniform in size'' means that not more than 10 percent

of the tangerines per sample may vary more than one-half inch in

diameter.

(c) In order to allow for variations incident to proper sizing, not

more than 10 percent of the samples in any lot may fail to meet the

requirements of size.

Definitions

Sec. 51.1824 Mature.

Mature shall have the same meaning currently assigned that term in

sections 601.21 and 601.22 of the Florida Citrus Code of 1949, as

amended (ch. 26492, Laws of Florida, 1951) or, as the definition of

such term may hereafter be amended.

Sec. 51.1825 Firm.

Firm means that the flesh is not soft and the fruit is not badly

puffy and that the skin has not become materially separated from the

flesh of the tangerine.

Sec. 51.1826 Well formed.

Well formed means that the fruit has the characteristic tangerine

shape and is not deformed.

Sec. 51.1827 Damage.

Damage means any specific defect described in Sec. 51.1838, Table

I; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects,

any other defect, or any combination of defects, which materially

detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the

fruit.

Sec. 51.1828 Highly colored.

Highly colored means that the ground color of each fruit is a deep

tangerine color, or characteristic color for the variety, with

practically no trace of yellow color.

Sec. 51.1829 Discoloration.

Discoloration means russeting of a light shade of golden brown

caused by rust mite or other means. Lighter shades of discoloration

caused by smooth or fairly smooth superficial scars or other means may

be allowed on a greater area, or darker shades may be allowed on a

lesser area, provided no discoloration caused by speck type melanose or

other means may detract from the appearance of the fruit to a greater

extent than the shade and amount of discoloration allowed in the grade.

Sec. 51.1830 Well colored.

Well colored means that a good yellow or better ground color

predominates over the green color on the entire fruit surface with no

distinct green color present, and that some portion of the surface has

a reddish tangerine blush, or characteristic color for the variety.

Sec. 51.1831 Fairly well colored.

Fairly well colored means that the surface of the fruit may have

green color which does not exceed the aggregate area of a circle 1\1/4\

inches (31.8 mm) in diameter and that the remainder of the surface has

a yellow or better ground color with some portion of the surface

showing reddish tangerine blush, or characteristic color for the

variety.

Sec. 51.1832 Fairly firm.

Fairly firm means that the flesh may be slightly soft but is not

bruised or badly puffy, and that the skin has not become seriously

separated from the flesh of the tangerine.

Sec. 51.1833 Fairly well formed.

Fairly well formed means that the fruit may not have the shape

characteristic of the variety but that it is not badly deformed.

Sec. 51.1834 Serious damage.

Serious damage means any specific defect described in Sec. 51.1838,

Table I; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these

defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which

seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing

quality of the fruit. [[Page 10004]]

Sec. 51.1835 Reasonably well colored.

Reasonably well colored means that a good yellow or reddish

tangerine color shall predominate over the green color on at least one-

half of the fruit surface in the aggregate, and that each fruit shall

show practically no lemon color.

Sec. 51.1836 Very serious damage.

Very serious damage means any specific defect described in

Sec. 51.1838, Table I; or an equally objectionable variation of any one

of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects,

which very seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or

marketing quality of the fruit.

Sec. 51.1837 Diameter.

Diameter means the greatest dimension measured at right angles to a

line from stem to blossom end.

Sec. 51.1838 Classification of defects.

Table I

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Very serious

Factor Damage Serious damage damage

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Ammoniation...... Not occurring as Scars are Aggregating more

light speck cracked or dark than 25 percent

type, or and aggregating of the surface.

detracts more more than a

than circle \5/8\

discoloration inch (15.9 mm)

permitted in the in diameter.

grade.

Bruises.......... Segment walls are Segment walls Fruit is split

collapsed, or are collapsed, open, peel is

rag is ruptured or rag is badly

and juice sacs ruptured and watersoaked, or

are ruptured. juice sacs are rag is ruptured

ruptured. and juice sacs

are ruptured

causing a mushy

condition

affecting all

segments more

than \1/2\ inch

(12.7 mm) at

bruised area or

the equivalent

of this amount,

by volume, when

affecting more

than one area

on the fruit.

Buckskin......... Aggregating more Aggregating more Aggregating more

than a circle \3/ than 25 percent than 50 percent

4\ inch (19.1 of the surface. of the surface.

mm) in diameter.

Caked melanose... Aggregating more Aggregating more Aggregating more

than a circle \3/ than a circle than 25 percent

8\ inch (9.5 mm) \5/8\ inch of the surface.

in diameter. (15.9 mm) in

diameter.

Creasing......... Materially Seriously Very seriously

weakens the weakens the weakens the

skin, or extends skin, or skin, or is

over more than extends over distributed

one-third of the more than one- over

surface. half of the practically the

surface. entire surface.

Dryness or mushy Affecting all Affecting all Affecting all

condition. segments more segments more segments more

than \1/8\ inch than \1/4\ inch than \1/2\ inch

(3.2 mm) at stem (6.4 mm) at (12.7 mm) at

end, or the stem end, or stem end, or

equivalent of the equivalent the equivalent

this amount, by of this amount, of this amount,

volume, when by volume, when by volume, when

occurring in occurring in occurring in

other portions other portions other portions

of the fruit. of the fruit. of the fruit.

Green spots...... Aggregating more Aggregating more Aggregating more

than a circle \1/ than a circle than 25 percent

2\ inch (12.7 \5/8\ inch of the surface.

mm) in diameter. (15.9 mm) in

diameter.

Oil spots........ Aggregating more Aggregating more Aggregating more

than a circle \1/ than a circle than 25 percent

2\ inch (12.7 \3/4\ inch of the surface.

mm) in diameter. (19.1 mm) in

diameter.

Scab............. Materially Seriously Aggregating more

detracts from detracts from than 25 percent

the shape or the shape or of the surface.

texture, or texture, or

aggregating more aggregating

than a circle \3/ more than a

8\ inch (9.5 mm) circle \5/8\

in diameter. inch (15.9 mm)

in diameter.

Scale............ Aggregating more Aggregating more Aggregating more

than a circle \3/ than a circle than 25 percent

8\ inch (9.5 mm) \5/8\ inch of the surface.

in diameter. (15.9 mm) in

diameter.

Scars, Hail, and Deep or rough Deep or rough Deep or rough or

Thorn scratches. aggregating more aggregating unsightly that

than a circle \1/ more than a appearance is

4\ inch (6.4 mm) circle \1/2\ very seriously

in diameter; inch (12.7 mm) affected.

slightly rough in diameter;

with slight slightly rough

depth with slight

aggregating more depth

than a circle \3/ aggregating

4\ inch (19.1 more than a

mm) in diameter; circle 1\1/8\

smooth or fairly inches (28.6

smooth with mm) in

slight depth diameter;

aggregating more smooth or

than a circle fairly smooth

1\1/8\ inches with slight

(28.6 mm) in depth

diameter. aggregating

more than 10

percent of

fruit surface.

Skin breakdown... Aggregating more Aggregating more Aggregating more

than a circle \1/ than a circle than 25 percent

2\ inch (12.7 \3/4\ inch of the surface.

mm) in diameter. (19.1 mm) in

diameter.

Sprayburn........ Skin is hard and Skin is hard and Aggregating more

aggregating more aggregating than 25 percent

than a circle \3/ more than a of the surface.

4\ inch (19.1 circle 1\1/4\

mm) in diameter. inches (31.8

mm) in diameter.

Sunburn.......... Skin is Skin is hard and Aggregating more

flattened, dry, affects more than 50 percent

darkened, or than one-third of the surface.

hard and the of the surface.

affected area

exceeds 25

percent of the

surface.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Note: References to area or aggregate area, or length are based on a

tangerine 2\1/2\ inches in diameter (63.5 mm).

Dated: February 8, 1995.

Lon Hatamiya,

Administrator.

[FR Doc. 95-4312 Filed 2-21-95; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 3410-02-P