Changes in List of Species in Appendices to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

Federal RegisterAug 16, 1994

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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Fish and Wildlife Service

50 CFR Part 23

RIN 1018-AC31

Changes in List of Species in Appendices to the Convention on

International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.

ACTION: Final rule.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of

Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES or the Convention) regulates international

trade in certain animals and plants. Species for which such trade is

controlled are listed in Appendices I, II, and III to the Convention.

The countries participating in this treaty, including the United

States, have adopted species amendments to Appendices I and II. The

United States did not enter a reservation on any of these listing

amendments approved at the eighth meeting of the Conference of the

Parties. This document incorporates these amendments into the U.S. Fish

and Wildlife Service's regulations implementing the Convention.

DATES: The amendments set forth in this rule entered into effect and

became enforceable on June 11, 1992, under the terms of the Convention.

Therefore, this rule is effective August 16, 1994.

ADDRESSES: Please send correspondence concerning this document to

Chief, Office of Scientific Authority; Mail stop: Room 725, Arlington

Square Building; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; 1849 C St., NW.;

Washington, DC 20240; fax number 703-358-2276. Express and messenger

deliveries should be addressed to the Office of Scientific Authority;

4401 North Fairfax Drive, room 750; Arlington, Virginia 22203.

Materials received will be available for public inspection by

appointment, from 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Monday through Friday at the

above address in Arlington, Virginia (room 750).

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

Dr. Charles W. Dane, Chief, Office of Scientific Authority, U.S. Fish

and Wildlife Service, at telephone 703-358-1708.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

The Convention regulates import, export, re-export, and

introduction from the sea of certain animal and plant species. Species

for which trade is controlled are included in three appendices. Their

inclusion in Appendix I or II is by agreement of CITES Party countries.

Appendix I include species threatened with extinction that are or may

be affected by trade. Appendix II includes species that although not

necessarily now threatened with extinction may become so unless trade

in them is strictly controlled. It also lists species that must be

subject to regulation in order that trade in other currently or

potentially threatened species may be brought under effective control

(e.g., because of difficulty in distinguishing specimens of the

currently or potentially threatened species from the specimens of other

species). Appendix III includes species that any Party country

unilaterally designates as being subject to regulation within its

jurisdiction for purposes of restricting or preventing exploitation,

and for which cooperation of other Parties is needed to control trade.

Any CITES Party may propose amendments to Appendices I and II for

consideration at meetings of the Conference of the Parties. The text of

proposals must be communicated to the CITES Secretariat at least 150

days before a meeting. The Secretariat must then consult the other

Parties and appropriate intergovernmental agencies, and communicate

responses to all Parties no later than 30 days before the meeting.

Amendments are adopted by consensus or a two-thirds majority of the

Parties present and voting.

Actions of the Parties

The eighth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to CITES was

held on March 2-13, 1992, in Kyoto, Japan. At the meeting (COP8), the

Parties considered 81 different proposals to amend the appendices for

animals and 27 different proposals for plants. The 108 proposals were

described in earlier Federal Register notice; and addressed in the

Federal Register on March 4, 1992, for proposals submitted by the

United States (57 FR 7719) and by other Parties (57 FR 7713). the

proposals that were approved by this Conference of the Parties were

announced in a May 13, 1993, Federal Register notice (57 FR 20443);

note this clarifying correction to 57 FR 20445, that the Anthracoceros

spp. (hornbills) also were proposed for addition to Appendix II by the

Netherlands (and approved). As also announced in that May 13, 1992,

notice, some proposals were withdrawn by their proponents or rejected

by the Parties.

That notice (57 FR 20443) requested comments from the public on

whether the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) should recommend

that the United States enter reservations on any of the listing

amendments. The effect of a reservation would be to exempt this country

from completely implementing the Convention for the particular species.

More comprehensive discussions of any practical effects of entering a

reservation and reasons for or against entering reservations are

contained in November 22, 1985, and December 15, 1989, Federal Register

notices (50 FR 48212 and 54 FR 51432, respectively). Changes to the

CITES appendices as a result of the eighth meeting of the Conference of

the Parties that are incorporated into the U.S. Code of Federal

Regulations are printed as the conclusion of this notice.

Related Considerations

Namibia and Zimbabwe proposed to transfer the cheetak (Acinonyx

jubatus) populations of Botswana, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

from Appendix I to Appendix II, with export quotas. In the March 4,

1992, Federal Register (57 FR 7713), the United States opposed this

amendment, since the Service had not received the proponents'

supporting statement from the CITES Secretariat prior to COP8. The

proposal was redrafted at COP8 as a resolution [see Doc. 8.22 (Rev.)]

retaining the species in Appendix I and establishing the following

quotas (for trophies and skins: 2 per person): Botswana, 5; Namibia,

100; and Zimbabwe, 50. However, such a resolution was deemed to be

unnecessary, and the quotas have been reflected in the Secretariat's

annotations to the appendices.

The original proposal to transfer the sub-Saharana population of

leopards (Panthera pardus) from Appendix I to appendix II, with export

quotas, was redrafted as a revision of resolution Conf. 7.7, with the

quotas (for trophies and skins: 2 per person) increased for Malawi (50)

and South Africa (75), and initiated (new quota) for Namibia (100). the

Service supports the continuation of this quota system for leopard

trophies and skins for personal use as previously provided for in

resolution Conf. 7.7 and now in Conf. 8.10.

Resolution Conf. 8.18 adopted a nomenclatorial reference as a

guideline for cacti (Cactaceae); therefore, several less familiar names

are added to the existing listings. Also, by an amendment at COP5 and

Resolution Conf. 6.18, the flasked artificially propagated seedlings of

all Appendix II species are excluded from regulation. Resolution Conf.

8.17(c), by interpretation of CITES Article VII(4) and Article

I(b)(iii), exempts the flasked artificially propagated seedlings of

Appendix I orchid species (details are in the March 4, 1992, Federal

addresses this topic (details are in the November 6, 1992, Federal

seedlings (Orchidaceae) thus are not regulated by CITES.

Comments Received and U.S. Decisions

The Service received 26 public comments in response to the May 13,

1992, Federal Register notice: one requested that the United States

enter a reservation on the listing of the American black bear (Ursus

americanus); one requested the entering of a reservation on the listing

of the paddlefish (Polyodon spathula); and 24 expressed concern over

the permitting consequence for pre-CITES specimens from the listing of

Brazilian rosewood (Dalbergia nigra).

The International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies urged

the United States to take a reservation on the listing of the American

black bear in Appendix II, which had been for reasons of similarity of

appearance [CITES Article II(2)(b)]. At the eighth meeting of the

Conference of the Parties to CITES, the other Party countries

recognized that the North American black bear populations are not

threatened by trade, but the sale of undocumented gall bladders

threatens the existence of Asian bear species that are listed in

Appendix I. With either an Appendix II or Appendix III listing of the

American black bear, all the parts of bears in international trade

require CITES documentation, thus eliminating undocumented parts from

legitimately entering the trade. Although the U.S. delegation felt that

Canada's previous listing of this species in Appendix III was adequate,

the action by the Parties in listing this black bear in Appendix II may

help to reduce the illegal trade in the similar-appearing parts of

endangered bears.

Former Congressman Ron Marlenee of Montana requested that the

United States enter a reservation on the listing of the paddlefish in

Appendix II. He contended that the listing would seriously jeopardize a

non-profit paddlefish roe operation in Montana. The U.S. Fish and

Wildlife Service's North Central Regional Office (Region 6) had

prepared a proposal to add this species to Appendix I of CITES. The

United States submitted the proposal to the CITES Secretariat to

include the paddlefish in Appendix I, but with a notation that the

Service was seeking additional information, and might revise the

proposal to recommend listing in Appendix II. The United States

ultimately did change to propose that the paddlefish be included in

Appendix II, inasmuch as an Appendix II listing allows for legitimate

exports determined not to be detrimental to the survival of the

species, yet imposes the same penalties for violations of the

requirements for export from the United States, and establishes the

same trade-reporting conditions as an Appendix I listing.

The Service received 24 comments within the comment period about

Brazilian rosewood (Dalbergia nigra). Nearly all supported the listing

of this species in Appendix I, and none requested a reservation, but

all expressed concern about CITES regulation of the already acquired

wood of this tree presently embodied in musical instruments, especially

guitars. The commenters were from the music industry (including

associations, periodical publishers, a computer bulletin-board network,

etc.); dealers especially in vintage guitars and including guitar-show

producers; and manufacturers of stringed musical instruments

(luthiers), especially of guitars.

CITES provides a personal-effects exemption for such items that an

international traveler exports and then imports when returning home,

although it may be useful to declare the item to U.S. Customs at export

to facilitate its re-entry. First, as a precaution, travelers should

determine whether the countries to which they are going allow this

CITES exemption.

For international commercial trade (export and re-export), CITES

requires certification that parts and derivatives of the species were

acquired before June 11, 1992 (i.e., that the wood is pre-Convention).

Over the last several centuries and especially in this century (until

1970), most guitars (as well as several other fretted musical

instruments such as banjos, basses, mandolins, and ukuleles) have been

comprised of some to much Brazilian rosewood, and many of these musical

instruments are in international commerce.

The Service reviewed Brazil's proposal to include Dalbergia nigra

(the Brazilian rosewood) in Appendix I. The species occurs naturally

only in fragmented populations in remnants of the Mata Atlantica

(Atlantic Coast Tropical Rainforest) of Brazil. A substantial amount of

new information and data on trade in the wood of this species were

received from persons in the music industry. The United States

continues to agree that the species in the wild needs strong

conservation measures, and did not enter a reservation on the listing

of the species in Appendix I. The United States has had experience in

the pre-CITES certification of articles (including musical instruments)

with elephant ivory, tortoise shell, or hard coral, and will continue

to endeavor to make the pre-CITES certification process efficient.

Procedural Requirements

This Federal Register notice simply implements changes in the list

of species in the Convention's appendices that have already been

approved by the Conference of the Parties at their eighth meeting, and

that the United States is bound to accept unless it entered

reservations. The Service does not believe that implementation of any

of these adopted amendments would be contrary to the interests or laws

of the United States. The period of time during which the United States

could have entered a reservation on any of these amendments ended on

June 10, 1992. The Service did not recommend the entry of any

reservations, and none were taken by the United States. Therefore,

these amendments to the CITES Appendices have been in effect for the

United States since June 11, 1992. This notice brings the information

in 50 CFR 23.23(f) into agreement with the current species listings in

the CITES appendices. Earlier Federal Register notices informed the

public about these amendments and provided opportunity for comment on

them, and they were included in a public meeting on May 26, 1992 (see

the May 11, 1992, Federal Register, 57 FR 20126). Therefore, the

Department of the Interior has determined that good cause exists for

making this rule effective upon its date of publication [5 U.S.C.

553(d)]. Accordingly, paragraph (f) of Sec. 23.23 of 50 CFR has been

amended at the conclusion of this rule.

The Department has determined that amendments to the Convention's

appendices, which result from actions of the Parties to the Convention,

did not require the preparation of Environmental Assessments as defined

under authority of the National Environmental Policy Act (42 U.S.C.

4321-4347). This rule was not subject to Office of Management and

Budget review under Executive Order 12866. The Regulatory Flexibility

Act (5 U.S.C. 601) does not apply to this listing process. This final

rule does not contain information-collection requirements that require

approval by the Office of Management and Budget under 44 U.S.C. 3501 et

seq.

An editorial clarification for 50 CFR 23.23(f) under Class Aves

(Birds) in the Order Psittaciformes (Parrots, etc.) emphasizes that

Psittacula krameri (rose-ringed or ring-necked parakeet) remains in

Appendix III and was not included in Appendix II in 1981 at the third

meeting of the Conference of the Parties.

This document was prepared by Drs. Charles W. Dane, Richard M.

Mitchell, and Bruce MacBryde, Office of Scientific Authority, under the

authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C.

1531 et seq. and 87 Stat. 884, as amended).

List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 23

Endangered and threatened species, Exports, Fish, Imports, Marine

mammals, Plants (agriculture), Transportation, and Treaties.

Regulation Promulgation

PART 23--ENDANGERED SPECIES CONVENTION

Accordingly, for the reasons set out in the preamble of this

document, Part 23 of Title 50, Code of Federal Regulations is amended

as follows:

1. The authority citation for Part 23 continues to read as follows:

Authority: Convention on International Trade in Endangered

Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, 27 U.S.T. 108; and Endangered

Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.).

Sec. 23.23 [Amended]

2. Amend paragraph (f) of Sec. 23.23 by adding to the list the

following species or other groups of animals and plants, in

alphabetical order under the appropriate taxonomic categories:

Sec. 23.23 Species listed in Appendices I, II, and III.

* * * * *

(f) * * *

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Date listed

Species Common name Appendix (month/day/

year)

------------------------------------------------------------------------

CLASS MAMMALIA: MAMMALS:

* * * * * * *

Order Carnivora:..... Carnivores: Cats,

Bears, etc.:

* * * * * * *

Dusicyon (=Cerdocyon) Crab-eating fox...... II 6/11/92

thous.

* * * * * * *

Felis geoffroyi...... Geoffroy's cat....... I 2/4/77

* * * * * * *

Ursidae spp. (all Bears................ II 6/11/92

species in family

except those in App.

I or with earlier

date in App. II;

includes U. arctos

populations in

former USSR

countries.

* * * * * * *

U. arctos Asian brown bear..... I 6/11/92

(populations of

Bhutan, China, and

Mongolia, except for

subspecies with

earlier date).

CLASS AVES: BIRDS:

* * * * * * *

Order Anseriformes:.. Ducks, Geese, Swans,

Screamers:

* * * * * * *

Anas formosa......... Baikal teal.......... II 6/11/92

* * * * * * *

Order Psitaciformes.. Parrots, Parakeets,

Macaws', Lories',

etc.

* * * * * * *

Cacatua goffini...... Goffin's cockatoo.... I 6/8/81

Cacatua Red-vented cockatoo.. I 6/8/81

haematuropygia.

* * * * * * *

Order Coraciiformes: Hornbills,

Kingfishers,

Rollers, Bee-eaters,

Motmots:

Aceros spp. (except Hornbills............ II 6/11/92

those in App. I or

with earlier date in

App. II).

* * * * * * *

Aceros nipalensis.... Rufous-necked I 6/11/92

hornbill.

Aceros subruficollis. Plain-pouched I 6/11/92

hornbill.

Anorrhinus (includes Hornbills............ II 6/11/92

Ptilolaemus) spp.

Anthracoceros spp.... Hornbills and Pied- II 6/11/92

hornbills.

Buceros spp. (except Hornbills............ II 6/11/92

those in App. I or

with earlier dates

in App. II).

* * * * * * *

Penelopides spp...... Hornbills............ II 6/11/92

* * * * * * *

Order Piciformes: Woodpeckers, Toucans,

Jacamars, Barbets:

* * * * * * *

Pteroglossus aracari. Black-necked aracari. II 6/11/92

* * * * * * *

Pteroglossus viridis. Green aracari........ II 6/11/92

* * * * * * *

Ramphastos toco...... Toco toucan.......... II 6/11/92

Ramphastos tucanus... Red-billed toucan.... II 6/11/92

Ramphastos vitellinus Channel-billed toucan II 6/11/92

* * * * * * *

CLASS REPTILIA: REPTILES:

* * * * * * *

Order Testudinata:... Turtles, Tortoises:

* * * * * * *

Clemmys insculpta.... Wood turtle.......... II 6/11/92

* * * * * * *

Order Squamata: Lizards, Snakes:

* * * * * * *

Corucia zebrata...... Prehensile-tailed II 6/11/92

skink.

* * * * * * *

Phrynosoma coronatum Coastal horned lizard II 6/11/92

(except subspecies

listed below).

* * * * * * *

Vipera wagneri....... Wagner's viper....... II 6/11/92

* * * * * * *

CLASS OSTEICHTHYES: BONY FISHES:

Order Sturgeons:

Acipenseriformes:.

* * * * * * *

Polyodon spathula.... Paddlefish........... II 6/11/92

* * * * * * *

PHYLUM MOLLUSCA: MOLLUSCS:

* * * * * * *

CLASS Gastropoda: Snails:

* * * * * * *

Strombus gigas....... Queen conch.......... II 6/11/92

* * * * * * *

PLANT KINGDOM: PLANTS:

* * * * * * *

Family Bromeliaceae: Pineapple family:

Tillandsia harrisii.. Harris tillandsia.... II 6/11/92

Tillandsia kammii.... Kamm tillandsia...... II 6/11/92

Tillandsia kautskyi.. Kautsky tillandsia... II 6/11/92

Tillandsia mauryana.. Maury tillandsia..... II 6/11/92

Tillandsia Sprengel tillandsia.. II 6/11/92

sprengeliana.

Tillandsia sucrei.... Sucre tillandsia..... II 6/11/92

Tillandsia Xeographic tillandsia II 6/11/92

xerographica.

* * * * * * *

Family Cactaceae: Cactus family:

* * * * * * *

Ariocarpus spp. Living-rock cacti.... I 7/1/75

(includes Neogomesia

sp. and Roseocactus

spp.).

* * * * * * *

Discocactus spp...... Discocacti........... I 7/1/75

* * * * * * *

Melocactus conoideus. Conelike Turk's-cap I 7/1/75

cactus.

Melocactus Wonderfully bristled I 7/1/75

deinacanthus. Turk's-cap cactus.

Melocactus Wooly waxy-stemmed I 7/1/75

glaucescens. Turk's-cap cactus.

Melocactus Few-spined Turk's-cap I 7/1/75

paucispinus. cactus.

* * * * * * *

Turbinicarpus spp Turbinicarps......... I 7/1/75

[includes

Gymnocactus supp.,

most Neolloydia spp.

(in sense of E.F.

Anderson 1986),

Normanbokea spp.,

and Rapicatus spp.].

* * * * * * *

Uebelmannia spp...... Uebelmann cacti...... I 7/1/75

* * * * * * *

Family Droseraceae: Sundew family:

* * * * * * *

Dionaea muscipula.... Venus flytrap........ II 6/11/92

* * * * * * *

Family Leguminosae Pea family:

(=Fabaceae):

* * * * * * *

Dalbergia nigra...... Brazilian rosewood... I 6/11/92

Pericopsis elata Afrormosia........... II 6/11/92

(including saw-logs,

sawn wood, and

veneers, but no

other parts or

derivatives -i.e.,

products).

* * * * * * *

Family Meliaceae: Mahogany family:

* * * * * * *

Swietenia mahagoni Carribean mahogany... II 6/11/92

(including saw-logs,

sawn wood, and

veneers, but no

other parts or

derivatives--i.e.,

products).

* * * * * * *

Family Creosote-bush family:

Zygophyllaceae:

Guaiacum officinale.. Commoner lignum vitae II 6/11/92

* * * * * * *

------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Amend paragraph (f) of Sec. 23.23 by revising the present

entries for particular species or other groups of animals and plants in

the list to read as follows:

Sec. 23.23 Species listed in Appendices I, II, and III.

* * * * *

(f) * * *

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Date listed

Species Common name Appendix (month/day/

year)

------------------------------------------------------------------------

CLASS MAMMALIA: MAMMALS:

* * * * * * *

Order Carnivora: Carnivores: Cats,

Bears, etc.:

* * * * * * *

Felidae spp. (all Cats (not including II 2/4/77

those in family House cat).

except Felis catus

or those in App. I

or with earlier date

in App. II).

* * * * * * *

Felis (=Lynx) rufa Mexican bobcat....... II 7/1/75

escuinapae.

* * * * * * *

Ursus americanus..... American black bear.. II 9/18/91

* * * * * * *

U. arctos (Asian Brown bear........... II 1/18/90

populations,

including

populations of Iran,

Iraq, Syria, and

Turkey, except

populations and

subspecies in App.

I, and populations

in former USSR

countries which were

listed 6/11/92).

U. arctos (European European brown bear.. ............. 7/29/83

populations except

populations in

former USSR

countries which were

listed 6/11/92).

U. arctos (Italian Brown bear........... II 7/1/78

population).

* * * * * * *

Order Artiodactyla: Even-toed ungulates:

* * * * * * *

Capra falconeri...... Markhor.............. I 7/1/75

* * * * * * *

CLASS AVES: BIRDS:

* * * * * * *

Order Rheiformes: Rheas:

* * * * * * *

Rhea americana Greater rhea, Common II 7/14/76

(except subspecies rhea.

listed below).

* * * * * * *

Order Psittaciformes: Parrots, Parakeets,

Macaws, Lories,

etc.:

All species in order All parrots and their II 6/6/81

except those in App. relatives, unless in

I or with earlier App. I or already in

date in App. II, or App. II, and also

Psittacula krameri not the Rose-ringed

in App. III, and parakeet in App.

excluding III, Budgerigar or

Melopsittacus Cockatiel.

undulatus and

Nymphicus

hollandicus.

* * * * * * *

Psittacula echo (=P. Mauritius parakeet... I 7/1/75

krameri echo).

Psittacula krameri... Rose-ringed parakeet, III (Ghana) 2/26/76

Ring-necked parakeet.

* * * * * * *

Order Coraciiformes: Hornbills,

Kingfishers,

Rollers, Bee-eaters,

Motmots:

* * * * * * *

Buceros bicornis..... Great hornbill....... I 7/1/75

* * * * * * *

Buceros (=Rhinoplax) Helmeted hornbill.... I 7/1/75

vigil.

Order Piciformes: Woodpeckers, Toucans,

Jacamars, Barbets:

* * * * * * *

Ramphastos sulfuratus Keel-billed toucan... II 4/23/81

* * * * * * *

CLASS REPTILA: REPTILES:

Order Crocodylia: Crocodiles,

Alligators, Caimans,

Gavials:

* * * * * * *

Crocodylus niloticus Nile crocodile....... II 7/1/75

(populations of

Madagascar, Somalia,

South Africa, and

Uganda subject to

export quotas

described by the

CITES Secretariat).

Crocodylus niloticus Nile crocodile....... II 7/1/75

(populations of

Botswana, Ethiopia,

Kenya, Malawi,

Mozambique,

Tanzania, Zambia,

and Zimbabwe subject

to ranching).

* * * * * * *

Osteolaemus tetraspis Dwarf crocodile...... I 2/4/77

(except subspecies

listed below).

* * * * * * *

Order Testudinata: Turtles, Tortoises:

* * * * * * *

Clemmys muhlenbergii. Bog turtle........... I 7/1/75

* * * * * * *

PLANT KINGDOM: PLANTS:

* * * * * * *

Family Araceae: Arum family:

Alocasia sanderiana.. Sander's alocasia.... II 7/1/75

* * * * * * *

Family Juglandaceae: Walnut family:

Oreomunnea Gavila.1n............ II 7/1/75

(=Engelhardia)

pterocarpa.

* * * * * * *

Family Zingiberaceae: Ginger family:

Hedychium Philippine garland II 7/1/75

philippinense. flower.

* * * * * * *

------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. Amend paragraph (f) of Sec. 23.23 by removing the present

entries that are listed below for particular species, subspecies, and

populations of animals and plants, and remove ``Order Tubulidentata,''

``Order Atheriniformes,'' ``Family Fagaceae,'' ``Family Humiriaceae,''

and ``Family Moraceae.''

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Date listed

Species Common name Appendix (month/day/

year)

------------------------------------------------------------------------

CLASS MAMMALIA: MAMMALS:

* * * * * * *

Order Edentata: Anteaters, Sloths,

Armadillos:

* * * * * * *

Tamandua tetradactyla Tamandua, Collared II 7/1/75

chapadensis. anteater.

* * * * * * *

Order Pinnipedia: Seals, Sea lions:

Mirounga Northern elephant II 7/1/75

angustirostris. seal.

* * * * * * *

Order Tubulidentata: Aardvarks:

Orycteropus afer..... Aardvark............. II 7/1/75

* * * * * * *

Order Artiodactyla: Even-toed ungulates:

* * * * * * *

Antilocapra americana Mexican pronghorn.... II 7/1/75

mexicana.

Antilocapra americana Baja pronghorn....... I 7/1/75

peninsularis.

Antilocapra americana Sonoran pronghorn.... I 7/1/75

sonoriensis.

* * * * * * *

Capra falconeri Chialtan markhor..... I 7/1/75

chialtanensis.

Capra falconeri Straight-horned I 7/1/75

jerdoni. markhor.

Capra falconeri Kabul markhor, I 7/1/75

megaceros. Straight-horned

markhor.

* * * * * * *

Hippotragus equinus.. Roan antelope........ II 2/26/76

* * * * * * *

CLASS AVES: BIRDS:

* * * * * * *

Order Anseriformes: Ducks, Geese, Swans,

Screamers:

* * * * * * *

Cygnus columbianus Jankowski's swan..... II 7/1/75

(=bewickii)

jankowskii.

* * * * * * *

Order Galliformes: Pheasants, Curassows,

Megapodes, Hoatzins:

* * * * * * *

Cyrtonyx montezumae Mearn's harlequin II 7/1/75

mearnsi (Mexican quail.

population).

Cyrtonyx montezumae Harlequin quail...... II 7/1/75

montezumae.

* * * * * * *

Order Coraciiformes: Hornbill,

Kingfishers,

Rollers, Bee-eaters,

Motmots:

* * * * * * *

Buceros bicornis Great Indian I 7/1/75

homrai. hornbill, Great pied

hornbill.

* * * * * * *

CLASS REPTILIA: REPTILES:

Order Crocodylia: Crocodiles,

Alligators, Caimans,

Gavials:

* * * * * * *

Crocodylus African slender- I 7/1/75

cataphractus (except snouted crocodile.

Congo population).

Crocodylus African slender- II 7/1/75

cataphractus (Congo snouted crocodile.

population).

* * * * * * *

Osteolaemus tetraspis Dwarf crocodile...... II 2/4/77

(Congo population).

* * * * * * *

CLASS OSTEICHTHYES: BONY FISHES:

* * * * * * *

Order Atheriniformes: Livebearers:

Cynolebias Annual tropical II 7/1/75

constanciae. killfish.

Cynolebias marmoratus Annual tropical II pe 7/1/75

killfish.

Cynolebias minimus... Annual tropical II 7/1/75

killfish.

Cynolebias opalescens Annual tropical II pe 7/1/75

killfish.

Cynolebias splendens. Annual tropical...... II 7/1/75

* * * * * * *

PLANT KINGDOM: PLANTS:

* * * * * * *

Family Cactaceae: Cactus family:

* * * * * * *

Ariocarpus agavoides. Agave living-rock I 7/1/75

cactus.

Ariocarpus Living-rock cactus... I 7/1/75

scaphorostrus.

Ariocarpus trigonus.. Chaute............... I 7/1/75

* * * * * * *

Backebergia militaris Teddy-bear cactus, I 7/1/75

Military cap.

* * * * * * *

Echinomastus ..................... I 7/1/75

(=Neolloydia)

erectocentrus.

E. (=Neolloydia) Mariposa cactus...... I 7/1/75

mariposensis.

* * * * * * *

Nopalxochia MacDougall's cactus.. I 7/1/75

(=Lobeira)

macdougallii.

* * * * * * *

Pediocactus Gamma-grass cactus... I 7/1/75

papyracanthus.

* * * * * * *