Amendments to Regulations Under the Federal Seed Act; Proposed Rule DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

SUMMARY: The Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) is proposing to

revise the Federal Seed Act by changing the common and botanical names

of several agricultural and vegetable seeds; adding several kinds to

the list of agricultural and vegetables seeds subject to the Federal

Seed Act; changing germination evaluation descriptions; changing the

method of fluorescence use in determining pure seed percentages in

ryegrasses; adding methods for testing coated seed; adding methods for

determining the presence of fungal endophyte in seeds; and updating the

standards for certified seed. These changes would result in the

adoption of scientific names currently recognized by the scientific

community and would provide for the use of common names most widely

acceptable in seed trade. They would also eliminate potential conflicts

between State and Federal regulations which could inhibit the

interstate movement of seeds.

DATES: Public Hearing June 8, 1994, 10 a.m.; comments must be received

on or before July 8, 1994.

ADDRESSES: Interested persons are invited to submit written comments

concerning this proposed rule. Comments must be sent to James P.

Triplitt, Chief, Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, Livestock and Seed

Division, AMS, USDA, Building 506, BARC-E, Beltsville, Maryland 20705.

Comments will be available for public inspection during regular

business hours in Building 506, BARC-E, Beltsville, Maryland. The

public hearing will be held on June 8, 1994, at 10 a.m. in room 3501,

South Building, United States Department of Agriculture, 14th and

Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: James P. Triplitt, Chief, Seed

Regulatory and Testing Branch, 301-504-9430.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This rule has been determined to be not-

significant for purposes of Executive Order 12866 and therefore has not

been reviewed by OMB.

The proposed rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12778,

Civil Justice Reform. It is not intended to have a retroactive effect.

The rule would not preempt any State or local laws, regulations, or

policies unless they present an irreconcilable conflict with this rule.

There are no administrative procedures which must be exhausted prior to

judicial challenge to the provision of this rule. The Administrator,

Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), has certified that this action

would not have a significant impact on a substantial number of small

entities as defined in the Regulatory Flexibility Act. Many small

entities sell seed. However, small entities selling seed must test and

label the seed to comply with the requirements of state laws. Generally

the testing requirements of the state laws are similar to those of the

Federal Seed Act (FSA). These changes would further reconcile State and

Federal testing procedures. Using similar testing procedures would

reduce the burden on small entities shipping seed in interstate

commerce because the test used for intrastate commerce could also be

used in interstate commerce. Some additional burden might occur

concerning small entities shipping kinds which are added to those

subject to the FSA. However, many small entities are likely to benefit

because more small entities are purchasers of those kinds than sellers.

The small entity purchasers would benefit from the regulations in that

the interstate shipper would be required to test and label the kinds

before shipping them to the purchaser. There would be no effect on the

competitive position of small entities in relation to larger entities

since both would have to comply with the same regulations.

This document does not contain new collection of information

requirements. Sections which would be amended by the rule contain

collection of information requirements that were previously submitted

for review to the Director of Management and Budget (OMB) and assigned

OMB control number 0581-0026 under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980

(44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.).

Background

Seed Testing and Labeling

This document would update the FSA regulations pertaining to seed

testing to eliminate differences between the FSA regulations and the

Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Testing Seed.

The Association is made up of State and Federal seed testing agencies.

Its function is to develop and standardize methods to be used in

testing seeds. These rules are widely recognized and are used by most

state and commercial seed laboratories to test seed in the United

States. In addition, common and scientific names are updated.

Agricultural and vegetable seeds shipped in interstate commerce

must comply with the FSA and the regulations issued thereunder. The FSA

requires seed to be labeled with certain information concerning its

quality when moving across state lines. Once in a state, seed must

comply with state laws and regulations. Labeling requirements in State

and Federal laws are generally very similar so as not to inhibit the

free movement of seed. Tests used prior to shipment to determine the

required labeling information, as well as tests used by state seed

regulatory agencies to check compliance, are generally performed using

AOSA rules. Tests to assure that seed is in compliance with the FSA are

performed using methods specified in the FSA regulations. Although the

testing methods under the FSA regulations and those of AOSA are

generally very similar, some changes have been made in the AOSA Rules

For Testing Seed without corresponding changes in the FSA regulations.

The changes to the AOSA rules were based on scientific research and

were made with input from AMS. This document would amend the FSA seed

testing regulations so that they are essentially the same as those

contained in the AOSA rules. This would eliminate the need to perform

separate tests to assure that seed labeling complies with both Federal

and State laws. It would also facilitate seed trade and reduce cost to

the seed industry and to seed buyers. These changes reflect

improvements in seed testing technology and the current standards of

usage within the industry. The specific changes to the testing rules

are discussed under ``Other Proposed Amendments.''

Additional Kinds

There are presently about a dozen kinds (mostly grasses) which are

being shipped interstate that are not subject to the FSA. Cooperating

state seed regulatory agencies have requested that the list of kinds

subject to the FSA be kept current so that interstate shipments of

those kinds can be regulated. Occasionally complaints are received on

these kinds. For that reason the proposal would add these kinds to the

regulations under the FSA and thereby make them subject to Federal law.

Bluejoint, galletagrass, bottlebrush-squirreltail, green needlegrass,

kenaf, forage kochia, mountain rye, intermediate ryegrass, northern

sweetvetch, and basin wildrye would be added to the list of

agricultural seeds subject to the FSA. Dill, sage, and summer savory

would be added to the list of vegetable seeds subject to the FSA.

Standardized test methods have been developed for the kinds to be added

and they are currently covered by AOSA rules and are being regulated by

the states. Therefore, this addition would result in little cost to the

seed industry. Currently they can be shipped in interstate commerce

without having to be labeled by the interstate shipper. If shipped

without the required labeling, the responsibility for testing and

labeling falls on the person receiving the seed rather than the

interstate shipper.

Scientific Names

Changes to Sec. 201.2 would update scientific names for the

agricultural seeds colonial bentgrass, sand bluestem, soft chess,

emmer, hard fescue, kudzu, Korean lespedeza, striate lespedeza,

Japanese millet, pearl millet, rescuegrass, sorghum-sudangrass,

sudangrass, turf timothy, velvetbean, beardless wheatgrass,

intermediate wheatgrass, pubescent wheatgrass, Siberian wheatgrass,

slender wheatgrass, streambank wheatgrass, tall wheatgrass, western

wheatgrass, and Russian wildrye. The scientific names for the vegetable

seeds tronchuda cabbage, leek, and rhubarb would also be updated. The

document would change the scientific names to those currently

recognized by the scientific community and to be in agreement with the

names used by the USDA Germplasm Resources Information Network.

At the request of growers, researchers, and breeders the document

would change the kind name ``muskmelon'' to ``melon,'' because

``melon'' is the more widely recognized name.

Seed Certification Standards

The rule would also update the FSA regulations pertaining to seed

certification to eliminate differences with the standards of the

Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies (AOSCA). This

Association is made up primarily of State seed certifying agencies. The

function of AOSCA is to establish minimum standards for genetic purity

and to standardize seed certification regulations and procedures. State

seed certifying agencies recognize and follow minimum standards for

genetic purity established by AOSCA.

Seed represented as a class of certified seed as defined in the FSA

regulations, must meet the minimum genetic certification standards for

certified classes as provided by the regulations. State seed certifying

agencies which certify seed pursuant to the standards contained in the

FSA regulations, are members of AOSCA and must also maintain minimum

AOSCA standards for certifying seed. This document would change the FSA

regulations pertaining to genetic certification standards in order to

bring them in conformity with the AOSCA Standards. The changes to the

standards have been reviewed and found to be consistent with the

requirements under the FSA.

Corrections and Clarifications

There are a number of technical nonsubstantive corrections and

clarifications which would also be made. Some of the more important

ones would change ``Consumer and Marketing Service'' to ``Agricultural

Marketing Service'' and omit the word ``hybrid'' from the name

``sorghum-sudangrass''. In Sec. 201.36b the word ``pole'' would be

enclosed in parentheses. In Sec. 201.36c the word ``garden'' would be

added to bean to show the correct kind name. Section 201.34(d) would be

changed to add a footnote to reflect the effective date which was

previously omitted. Paragraph (e) of this section would be removed to

delete partial lists of variety names.

Other Proposed Amendments.

Changes to Sec. 201.2 would redefine the Act to include 7 U.S.C

1551-1611, update scientific names, and add additional kinds as

discussed above. Changes would also add a definition of coated seed and

change the definition of certified seed to show the proper reference,

Sec. 201.70, rather than Sec. 201.79 which does not exist. Section

201.22(c) would be changed to update scientific names to be consistent

with changes in Sec. 201.2(h). Section 201.31 would be changed to

establish germination standards for dill, sage, and summer savory which

were added to the list of vegetable seeds subject to the FSA in

Sec. 201.2(i), and to reflect the change of the name ``muskmelon'' to

``melon''.

Section 201.36c would be changed to separate and alphabetize

agricultural seeds and vegetable seeds in the table, and to change

``bean'' in the vegetable list to ``garden bean,'' the name recognized

in Sec. 201.2(i). Section 201.43 would be changed to add metric

equivalents weights and to specify the minimum number of coated seeds

to be taken during sampling.

Section 201.46(b) would be changed to substitute the word

``comprise'' for the incorrect word ``compromise''. Table 1 would be

changed to reflect the changes proposed in Sec. 201.2. Scientific names

would be changed to correspond with Sec. 201.2 and working weights

added for those kinds added in that section. In addition, several

spelling errors would be corrected.

The document would change several sections to add provisions for

testing coated seed. Specific procedures have been developed to provide

for uniform methods to test seed coated with products such as those

designed to improve planting characteristics or to improve seedling

growth. Section 201.2 would add a definition of coated seed. Section

201.45 would add comments pertaining to dividing coated seed. Section

201.47 would cite added instructions for purity analysis of coated

seed. Section 201.51b would establish purity testing procedures for

coated seed. Section 201.52 would be changed to add a new paragraph (b)

to establish the amount of seed to be examined for a noxious-weed seed

test on coated seed. The existing Sec. 201.52 would become paragraph

(a).

Section 201.47a would also be changed to clarify that the ``entire

spikelet'' for rice, browntop millet, and Paspalum spp. is considered

to be a seed unit; to define a seed unit for galletagrass (a new kind

which was added in Sec. 201.2); to include side-oats grama and blue

grama, as kinds for which the Uniform Blowing Procedure is used to

determine the percentages of pure seed and inert matter; and to clarify

that ``seed balls'' of other Chenopodiaceae (fourwing saltbush and

forage kochia) are to be considered a seed unit.

Section 201.48 would be changed to update seed unit interpretations

to be consistent with Sec. 201.51, to make scientific names to be

consistent with Sec. 201.2, and to add procedures to determine pure

seed of forage kochia which was added to the kinds subject to the FSA.

Sections 201.48, 201.49, and 201.51a would be changed, in part, to

add tall wheatgrass and western wheatgrass to the list of kinds to be

tested using the Multiple Unit Procedure. These kinds contain multiple

florets. The Multiple Unit Procedure provides faster, more consistent

test results without a loss of accuracy when compared to the current,

more tedious, hand method.

Several sections, including some of the changes to Sec. 201.47,

Sec. 201.48, Sec. 201.49, and Sec. 201.51a would add blue grama and

side-oats grama to the kinds for which the purity percentages are

determined by using the Uniform Blowing Procedure. The Uniform Blowing

Procedure provides a method, for determining purity percentages for

these kinds, which has proven to be faster, more consistent, and just

as accurate as the hand method.

Section 201.50 would be changed to clarify that wild onion and wild

garlic bulblets devoid of husks are to be classified as weed seeds if

not damaged at the basal end and are a specified size. Research has

shown that these seeds would likely germinate.

Section 201.51 would update seed units that are considered to be

inert matter, to include classification of certain seed units of newly

added kinds, forage kochia and northern sweetvetch, as well as coating

material.

Sections 201.56 through 201.56-12 would be changed to establish new

procedures for describing abnormal seedlings of each seed group for use

in determining germination percentages and to eliminate references to

outdated photographs. Seedling descriptions which had been developed

over many years are being completely revised so that consistent,

current terminology is used to describe abnormal seedlings for all

kinds. The changes are designed to make the seedling descriptions more

easily interpreted so that more consistent, accurate test results will

be achieved. The changes will not result in significant differences in

the percentages of germination found when compared to tests made under

the current regulations.

Changes to Sec. 201.57 would add kenaf, a new kind, to the list of

kinds containing hard seed.

Section 201.57a would be changed to correct scientific names to be

consistent with Sec. 201.2 and to add new kinds, bottlebrush-

squirreltail, basin wildrye, galletagrass, mountain rye, johnsongrass,

and forage kochia to the kinds having dormant seed.

Section 201.58 would be changed to clarify the definition of

``prechill'' applicable to Table 2, to make editorial changes in

special procedures for alyceclover, bahiagrass, beet, and garden bean,

and to add special procedures for green needlegrass. Changes would

incorporate more specific information on the type of light to be used

for ryegrass fluorescence tests, add germination procedures for coated

seed, and correct common and scientific names in the section including

Table 2. Germination test procedures for those kinds added in

Secs. 201.2(h) and 201.2(i) would be added, and references to outdated

photographs of seedlings removed. The changes in testing procedures

incorporate into the regulations the latest research on testing these

kinds.

Section 201.58a would be changed to revise the use of the

fluorescence test for determining the percentages of pure seed and

other crop seed of annual ryegrass and perennial ryegrass. The changes

incorporate methods agreed on by AOSA, AASCO, the grass seed industry,

and AMS. The procedure for determining percentages of white sweetclover

and yellow sweetclover would be changed from a mottled seed test to

chemical test because the chemical test provides a more accurate,

consistent result. Procedures for the phenol test for wheat, previously

cited in AOSA Handbook Number 28, are being added and the reference to

AOSA Handbook Number 28 is being removed so that all information will

be contained in the regulations removing the need to have a copy of

Handbook Number 28. Procedures for conducting a peroxidase test for

varietal purity of soybean, and to add fluorescence test procedures for

determining varietal purity of oat are added. These procedures have

been in use for many years and have proven to be accurate, reliable,

and consistent. Tests are essential to check the accuracy of variety

representations.

Section 201.58d would add established testing procedures for

determining the percentage of fungal endophyte in seed and plant

material growing therefrom to the regulations. Some grass seed is being

labeled to indicate the presence or absence of fungal endophyte.

Uniform testing procedures have been developed for determining the

amount of fungal endophyte present.

Changes to Sec. 201.60 would update scientific names as previously

discussed, to add ryegrasses and galletagrass to the list of chaffy

kinds, and to make editorial changes.

Changes to Sec. 201.61 and Sec. 201.62 would correct typographical

errors in the tolerance table.

A change to Sec. 201.76 would provide for the certification agency

to grant a variance in the land cropping history in specific

circumstances where cultural practices have been proven adequate to

maintain genetic purity. Generally this change would allow for the

agency to modify the number of years the field must have been free of

potential contaminants before being planted to a crop under

certification. Section 201.76 would also be changed to update Table 5

and the footnotes to Table 5 to include metric equivalents, to update

names to be consistent with Sec. 201.2, and to make editorial changes

and corrections. Standards for chemically assisted hybrid barley,

buckwheat, and chemically assisted hybrid wheat would be added. Field

standards for classes of mung bean would be changed and a field

standard for hybrid corn added. In addition footnotes are added

corresponding to those changes in the table.

List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 201

Advertising, Agricultural commodities, Imports, Labeling, Reporting

and recordkeeping requirements, Seeds, Vegetables.

For reason set forth in the preamble, 7 CFR part 201 is amended as

follows:

PART 201--FEDERAL SEED ACT REGULATIONS

1. The authority citation for part 201 continues to read as

follows:

Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1592.

2. In Sec. 201.2, paragraphs (a), (h), (i), and (ee) are revised

and (q) is added to read as follows:

Sec. 201.2 Terms defined.

* * * * *

(a) The Act. The Term ``Act'' means the Federal Seed Act approved

August 9, 1939 (53 Stat. 1275; 7 U.S.C. 1551-1611 as amended);

* * * * *

(h) Agricultural seeds. The term ``agricultural seeds'' means the

following kinds of grass, forage, and field crop seeds, that are used

for seeding purposes in the United States:

Agrotricum--x Agrotriticum Ciferri and Giacom.

Alfalfa--Medicago sativa L.

Alfilaria--Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her.

Alyceclover--Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC.

Bahiagrass--Paspalum notatum Fluegge.

Barley--Hordeum vulgare L.

Barrelclover--Medicago truncatula Gaertn.

Bean, adzuki--Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi and Ohashi.

Bean, field--Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Bean, mung--Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek.

Beet, field--Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris.

Beet, sugar--Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris.

Beggarweed, Florida--Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC.

Bentgrass, colonial--Agrostis capillaris L.

Bentgrass, creeping--Agrostis stolonifera L. var. palustris (Huds.)

Farw.

Bentgrass, velvet--Agrostis canina L.

Bermudagrass--Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon.

Bermudagrass, giant--Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. aridus Harlan

and de Wet.

Bluegrass, annual--Poa annua L.

Bluegrass, bulbous--Poa bulbosa L.

Bluegrass, Canada--Poa compressa L.

Bluegrass, glaucantha--Poa glaucantha Gaud.

Bluegrass, Kentucky--Poa pratensis L.

Bluegrass, Nevada--Poa nevadensis Scribn.

Bluegrass, rough--Poa trivialis L.

Bluegrass, Texas--Poa arachnifera Torr.

Bluegrass, wood--Poa nemoralis L.

Bluejoint--Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Nutt.

Bluestem, big--Andropogon gerardii Vitm. var. gerardii.

Bluestem, little--Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash.

Bluestem, sand--Andropogon gerardii Vitm. var. paucipilus (Nash)

Fern.

Bluestem, yellow--Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng.

Bottlebrush-squirreltail--Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey.

Brome, field--Bromus arvensis L.

Brome, meadow--Bromus biebersteinii Roem. and Schult.

Brome, mountain--Bromus marginatus Steudel.

Brome, smooth--Bromus inermis Leyss.

Broomcorn--Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.

Buckwheat--Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.

Buffalograss--Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engl.

Buffelgrass--Cenchrus ciliaris L.

Burclover, California--Medicago polymorpha L.

Burclover, spotted--Medicago arabica (L.) Huds.

Burnet, little--Sanguisorba minor Scop.

Buttonclover--Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal.

Canarygrass--Phalaris canariensis L.

Canarygrass, reed--Phalaris arundinacea L.

Carpetgrass--Axonopus affinis Chase.

Castorbean--Ricinus communis L.

Chess, soft--Bromus hordeaceus L.

Chickpea--Cicer arietinum L.

Clover, alsike--Trifolium hybridum L.

Clover, arrowleaf--Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.

Clover, berseem--Trifolium alexandrinum L.

Clover, cluster--Trifolium glomeratum L.

Clover, crimson--Trifolium incarnatum L.

Clover, Kenya--Trifolium semipilosum Fresen.

Clover, ladino--Trifolium repens L.

Clover, lappa--Trifolium lappaceum L.

Clover, large hop--Trifolium campestre Schreb.

Clover, Persian--Trifolium resupinatum L.

Clover, red or

Red clover, mammoth--Trifolium pratense L.

Red clover, medium--Trifolium pratense L.

Clover, rose--Trifolium hirtum All.

Clover, small hop or suckling--Trifolium dubium Sibth.

Clover, strawberry--Trifolium fragiferum L.

Clover, sub or subterranean--Trifolium subterraneum L.

Clover, white--Trifolium repens L. (also see Clover, ladino).

Clover--(also see Alyceclover, Burclover, Buttonclover, Sourclover,

Sweetclover).

Corn, field--Zea mays L.

Corn, pop--Zea mays L.

Cotton--Gossypium spp.

Cowpea--Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata.

Crambe--Crambe abyssinica R.E. Fries.

Crested dogtail--Cynosurus cristatus L.

Crotalaria, lance--Crotalaria lanceolata E. Mey.

Crotalaria, showy--Crotalaria spectabilis Roth.

Crotalaria, slenderleaf--Crotalaria brevidens Benth. var. intermedia

(Kotschy) Polh.

Crotalaria, striped or smooth--Crotalaria pallida Ait.

Crotalaria, sunn--Crotalaria juncea L.

Crownvetch--Coronilla varia L.

Dallisgrass--Paspalum dilatatum Poir.

Dichondra--Dichondra repens Forst. and Forst. f.

Dropseed, sand--Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray.

Emmer--Triticum dicoccon Schrank.

Fescue, chewings--Festuca rubra L. subsp. commutata Gaud.

Fescue, hair--Festuca tenuifolia Sibth.

Fescue, hard--Festuca trachyphylla (Hack.) Krajina.

Fescue, meadow--Festuca pratensis Huds.

Fescue, red--Festuca rubra L. subsp. rubra.

Fescue, sheep--Festuca ovina L. var. ovina.

Fescue, tall--Festuca arundinacea Schreb.

Flax--Linum usitatissimum L.

Galletagrass--Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth.

Grama, blue--Bouteloua gracilis (Kunth) Griffiths.

Grama, side-oats--Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.

Guar--Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.

Guineagrass--Panicum maximum Jacq. var. maximum.

Hardinggrass--Phalaris stenoptera Hack.

Hemp--Cannabis sativa L.

Indiangrass, yellow--Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash.

Indigo, hairy--Indigofera hirsuta L.

Japanese lawngrass--Zoysia japonica Steud.

Johnsongrass--Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.

Kenaf--Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Kochia, forage--Kochia prostrata (L.) Schrad.

Kudzu--Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var. lobata (Willd.)

Maesen and S. Almeida.

Lentil--Lens culinaris Medik.

Lespedeza, Korean--Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino.

Lespedeza, sericea or Chinese--Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours.) G.

Don.

Lespedeza, Siberian--Lespedeza juncea (L. f.) Pers.

Lespedeza, striate--Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindler.

Lovegrass, sand--Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Wood.

Lovegrass, weeping--Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees.

Lupine, blue--Lupinus angustifolius L.

Lupine, white--Lupinus albus L.

Lupine, yellow--Lupinus luteus L.

Manilagrass--Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.

Meadow foxtail--Alopecurus pratensis L.

Medic, black--Medicago lupulina L.

Milkvetch or cicer milkvetch--Astragalus cicer L.

Millet, browntop--Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf.

Millet, foxtail--Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.

Millet, Japanese--Echinochloa frumentacea Link.

Millet, pearl--Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.

Millet, proso--Panicum miliaceum L.

Molassesgrass--Melinis minutiflora Beauv.

Mustard, black--Brassica nigra (L.) Koch.

Mustard, India--Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. and Coss.

Mustard, white--Sinapis alba L.

Napiergrass--Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.

Needlegrass, green--Stipa viridula Trinus.

Oat--Avena byzantina C. Koch, A. sativa L., A. nuda L.

Oatgrass, tall--Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) J.S. Presl and K.B.

Presl.

Orchardgrass--Dactylis glomerata L.

Panicgrass, blue--Panicum antidotale Retz.

Panicgrass, green--Panicum maximum Jacq. var. trichoglume Robyns.

Pea, field--Pisum sativum L.

Peanut--Arachis hypogaea L.

Poa trivialis--(see Bluegrass, rough).

Rape, annual--Brassica napus L. var. annua Koch.

Rape, bird--Brassica rapa L.

Rape, turnip--Brassica rapa L.

Rape, winter--Brassica napus L. var. biennis (Schubl. and Mart.)

Reichb.

Redtop--Agrostis gigantea Roth.

Rescuegrass--Bromus catharticus Vahl.

Rhodesgrass--Chloris gayana Kunth.

Rice--Oryza sativa L.

Ricegrass, Indian--Oryzopsis hymenoides (Roem. and Schult.)

Ricker.

Roughpea--Lathyrus hirsutus L.

Rye--Secale cereale L.

Rye, mountain--Secale montanum Guss.

Ryegrass, annual or Italian--Lolium multiflorum Lam.

Ryegrass, intermediate--Lolium x hybridum Hausskn.

Ryegrass, perennial--Lolium perenne L.

Ryegrass, Wimmera--Lolium rigidum Gaud.

Safflower--Carthamus tinctorius L.

Sagewort, Louisiana--Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.

Sainfoin--Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.

Saltbush, fourwing--Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.

Sesame--Sesamum indicum L.

Sesbania--Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) A.W. Hill.

Smilo--Oryzopsis miliacea (L.) Asch. and Schweinf.

Sorghum--Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.

Sorghum almum--Sorghum x almum L. Parodi.

Sorghum-sudangrass--Sorghum x drummondii (Steudel) Millsp. and

Chase.

Sorgrass--Rhizomatous derivatives of a johnsongrass x sorghum cross

or a johnsongrass x sudangrass cross.

Southernpea--(See Cowpea).

Sourclover--Melilotus indicus (L.) All.

Soybean--Glycine max (L.) Merr.

Spelt--Triticum spelta L.

Sudangrass--Sorghum x drummondii (Steudel) Millsp. and Chase.

Sunflower--Helianthus annuus L.

Sweetclover, white--Melilotus albus Medik.

Sweetclover, yellow--Melilotus officinalis Lam.

Sweet vernalgrass--Anthoxanthum odoratum L.

Sweetvetch, northern--Hedysarum boreale Nutt.

Switchgrass--Panicum virgatum L.

Timothy--Phleum pratense L.

Timothy, turf--Phleum bertolonii DC.

Tobacco--Nicotiana tabacum L.

Trefoil, big--Lotus uliginosus Schk.

Trefoil, birdsfoot--Lotus corniculatus L.

Triticale--x Triticosecale Wittm. (Secale x Triticum).

Vaseygrass--Paspalum urvillei Steud.

Veldtgrass--Ehrharta calycina J. E. Smith.

Velvetbean--Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis (Wight) Burck.

Velvetgrass--Holcus lanatus L.

Vetch, common--Vicia sativa L. subsp. sativa.

Vetch, hairy--Vicia villosa Roth subsp. villosa.

Vetch, Hungarian--Vicia pannonica Crantz.

Vetch, monantha--Vicia articulata Hornem.

Vetch, narrowleaf or blackpod--Vicia sativa L. subsp. nigra (L.)

Ehrh.

Vetch, purple--Vicia benghalensis L.

Vetch, woollypod or winter--Vicia villosa Roth subsp. varia (Host)

Corb.

Wheat, common--Triticum aestivum L.

Wheat, club--Triticum compactum Host.

Wheat, durum--Triticum durum Desf.

Wheat, Polish--Triticum polonicum L.

Wheat, poulard--Triticum turgidum L.

Wheat x Agrotricum--Triticum x Agrotriticum.

Wheatgrass, beardless--Elytrigia spicata (Pursh) Dewey.

Wheatgrass, crested or fairway crested--Agropyron cristatum (L.)

Gaertn.

Wheatgrass, crested or standard crested--Agropyron desertorum (Link)

Schult.

Wheatgrass, intermediate--Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski subsp.

intermedia.

Wheatgrass, pubescent--Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski subsp.

barbulata (Schur) A. Love.

Wheatgrass, Siberian--Agropyron fragile (Roth) Candargy subsp.

sibiricum (Willd.) Meld.

Wheatgrass, slender--Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Shinn.

Wheatgrass, streambank--Elytrigia dasystachya (Hook.) A. Love and D.

Love.

Wheatgrass, tall--Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski.

Wheatgrass, western--Elymus smithii (Rydb.) Gould.

Wildrye, basin--Leymus cinereus (Scribn. and Merr.) A. Love.

Wildrye, Canada--Elymus canadensis L.

Wildrye, Russian--Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski.

Zoysia japonica--(see Japanese lawngrass).

Zoysia matrella--(see Manilagrass).

(i) Vegetable seeds. The term ``vegetable seeds'' means the seeds

of the following kinds that are or may be grown in gardens or on truck

farms and are or may be generally known and sold under the name of

vegetable seeds:

Artichoke--Cynara scolymus L.

Asparagus--Asparagus officinalis L.

Asparagusbean or yard-long bean--Vigna unguiculata (L.)

Walp. subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc.

Bean, garden--Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Bean, lima--Phaseolus lunatus L.

Bean, runner or scarlet runner--Phaseolus coccineus L.

Beet--Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris.

Broadbean--Vicia faba L.

Broccoli--Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.

Brussels sprouts--Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera DC.

Burdock, great--Arctium lappa L.

Cabbage--Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.

Cabbage, Chinese--Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.

Cabbage, tronchuda--Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC.

Cantaloupe--(see Melon).

Cardoon--Cynara cardunculus L.

Carrot--Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.

Cauliflower--Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.

Celeriac--Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum (Mill.) Gaud.

Celery--Apium graveolens L. var. dulce (Mill.) Pers.

Chard, Swiss--Beta vulgaris L. subsp. cicla (L.) Koch.

Chicory--Cichorium intybus L.

Chives--Allium schoenoprasum L.

Citron--Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai var. citroides

(Bailey) Mansf.

Collards--Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.

Corn, sweet--Zea mays L.

Cornsalad--Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterrade.

Cowpea--Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata.

Cress, garden--Lepidium sativum L.

Cress, upland--Barbarea verna (Mill.) Aschers.

Cress, water--Nasturtium officinale R. Br.

Cucumber--Cucumis sativus L.

Dandelion--Taraxacum officinale Wigg.

Dill--Anethum graveolens L.

Eggplant--Solanum melongena L.

Endive--Cichorium endivia L.

Gherkin, West India--Cucumis anguria L.

Kale--Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.

Kale, Chinese--Brassica oleracea L. var. alboglabra (Bailey)

Musil.

Kale, Siberian--Brassica napus L. var. pabularia (DC.) Reichb.

Kohlrabi--Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L.

Leek--Allium porrum L.

Lettuce--Lactuca sativa L.

Melon--Cucumis melo L.

Muskmelon (see Melon).

Mustard, India--Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. and Coss.

Mustard, spinach--Brassica perviridis (Bailey) Bailey.

Okra--Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.

Onion--Allium cepa L.

Onion, Welsh--Allium fistulosum L.

Pak-choi--Brassica chinensis L.

Parsley--Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) A. W. Hill.

Parsnip--Pastinaca sativa L.

Pea--Pisum sativum L.

Pepper--Capsicum spp.

Pe-tsai--(see Chinese cabbage).

Pumpkin--Cucurbita pepo L., C. moschata (Duchesne) Poiret, and C.

maxima Duchesne.

Radish--Raphanus sativus L.

Rhubarb--Rheum rhabarbarum L.

Rutabaga--Brassica napus L. var. napobrassica (L.) Reichb.

Sage--Salvia officinalis L.

Salsify--Tragopogon porrifolius L.

Savory, summer--Satureja hortensis L.

Sorrel--Rumex acetosa L.

Southernpea--(see Cowpea).

Soybean--Glycine max (L.) Merr.

Spinach--Spinacia oleracea L.

Spinach, New Zealand--Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.) Ktze.

Squash--Cucurbita pepo L., C. moschata (Duchesne) Poiret, and C.

maxima Duchesne.

Tomato--Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.

Tomato, husk--Physalis pubescens L.

Turnip--Brassica rapa L.

Watermelon--Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai var.

lanatus.

* * * * *

(q) Coated seed. The term ``coated seed'' means any seed unit

covered with any substance which changes the size, shape, or weight of

the original seed. Seeds coated with ingredients such as, but not

limited to, rhizobia, dyes, and pesticides are excluded.

* * * * *

(ee) Certified seed. Certified seed is a class of certified seed

which is the progeny of Breeder, Foundation, or Registered seed, except

as provided in Sec. 201.70 and is produced and handled under procedures

established by the certifying agency, in accordance with this part, for

producing the Certified class of seed, for the purpose of maintaining

genetic purity and identity.

* * * * *

Sec. 201.3 [Amended]

3. Section 201.3 is amended by removing ``shall'' and adding in its

place ``may''.

Sec. 201.10 [Amended]

4. Section 201.10(a) is amended by removing the word ``hybrid''.

Sec. 201.13 [Amended]

5. Section 201.13 is amended by removing ``in'' the first time it

appears and adding in its place ``on''.

Sec. 201.17 [Amended]

6. Section 201.17 is amended by removing ``bermuda grass'' and

adding its place ``bermudagrass'' everywhere it appears.

Sec. 201.20 [Amended]

7. Section 201.20 is amended by removing ``for each kind or kind

and variety or kind and type or kind and hybrid'' and adding in its

place ``each kind, or kind and variety, or kind and type, or kind and

hybrid''.

8. In Sec. 201.22, paragraph (c) is revised to read as follows:

Sec. 201.22 Date of test.

* * * * *

(c) The following kinds shall be tested within the indicated time

before interstate shipment:

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Months from

Agricultural seeds and mixtures thereof test date to

shipment

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bentgrass, Colonial: Agrostis capillaris, Bentgrass,

Creeping A. stolonifera var. palustris................. 15

Bluegrass, Kentucky: Poa pratensis...................... 15

Fescue, Chewings: Festuca rubra subsp. commutata........ 15

Fescue, Hard: Festuca trachyphylla...................... 15

Fescue, Red: Festuca rubra subsp. rubra................. 15

Fescue, Tall: Festuca arundinacea....................... 15

Ryegrass, Annual: Lolium multiflorum.................... 15

Ryegrass, Perennial: Lolium perenne..................... 15

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec. 201.26 [Amended]

9. Section 201.26 is amended by removing ``is'' following the word

``pollination'' and adding in its place ``in''.

10. Section 201.31 is revised to read as follows:

Sec. 201.31 Germination standards for vegetable seeds in interstate

commerce.

The following germination standards for vegetable seeds in

interstate commerce, which shall be construed to include hard seed, are

determined and established under section 403(c) of the act:

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Percent

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Artichoke.................................................... 60

Asparagus.................................................... 70

Asparagusbean................................................ 75

Bean, garden................................................. 70

Bean, lima................................................... 70

Bean, runner................................................. 75

Beet......................................................... 65

Broadbean.................................................... 75

Broccoli..................................................... 75

Brussels sprouts............................................. 70

Burdock, great............................................... 60

Cabbage...................................................... 75

Cabbage, tronchuda........................................... 70

Cardoon...................................................... 60

Carrot....................................................... 55

Cauliflower.................................................. 75

Celeriac..................................................... 55

Celery....................................................... 55

Chard, Swiss................................................. 65

Chicory...................................................... 65

Chinese cabbage.............................................. 75

Chives....................................................... 50

Citron....................................................... 65

Collards..................................................... 80

Corn, sweet.................................................. 75

Cornsalad.................................................... 70

Cowpea....................................................... 75

Cress, garden................................................ 75

Cress, upland................................................ 60

Cress, water................................................. 40

Cucumber..................................................... 80

Dandelion.................................................... 60

Dill......................................................... 60

Eggplant..................................................... 60

Endive....................................................... 70

Kale......................................................... 75

Kale, Chinese................................................ 75

Kale, Siberian............................................... 75

Kohlrabi..................................................... 75

Leek......................................................... 60

Lettuce...................................................... 80

Melon........................................................ 75

Mustard, India............................................... 75

Mustard, spinach............................................. 75

Okra......................................................... 50

Onion........................................................ 70

Onion, Welsh................................................. 70

Pak-choi..................................................... 75

Parsley...................................................... 60

Parsnip...................................................... 60

Pea.......................................................... 80

Pepper....................................................... 55

Pumpkin...................................................... 75

Radish....................................................... 75

Rhubarb...................................................... 60

Rutabaga..................................................... 75

Sage......................................................... 60

Salsify...................................................... 75

Savory, summer............................................... 55

Sorrel....................................................... 65

Soybean...................................................... 75

Spinach...................................................... 60

Spinach, New Zealand......................................... 40

Squash....................................................... 75

Tomato....................................................... 75

Tomato, husk................................................. 50

Turnip....................................................... 80

Watermelon................................................... 70

------------------------------------------------------------------------

11. Section 201.34 is amended by revising paragraph (d)(5) and

reserving paragraph (e) to read as follows: Sec. 201.34 Kind, variety,

and type; treatment substances; designation as hybrid.

* * * * *

(d) * * *

(5) Names of varieties which through broad general usage prior to

July 28, 1956 were recognized variety names, except for hybrid seed

corn, shall be considered variety names without regard to the

principles stated in paragraph (d)(2) of this section.

* * * * *

(e) [Reserved]

Sec. 201.366 [Amended]

12. Section 201.36b, paragraph (b) is amended by removing ``pole''

and adding in its place ``(pole) garden''.

13. Section 201.36c, paragraph (c) is revised to read as follows:

Sec. 201.36c Hermetically-sealed containers.

* * * * *

(c) The seed in the container does not exceed the percentage of

moisture, on a wet weight basis, as listed below:

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Agricultural seeds Percent

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Beet, field.................................................. 7.5

Beet, sugar.................................................. 7.5

Bluegrass, Kentucky.......................................... 6.0

Kale......................................................... 5.0

Kohlrabi..................................................... 5.0

Leek......................................................... 6.5

Lettuce...................................................... 5.5

Melon........................................................ 6.0

Mustard, India............................................... 5.0

Onion........................................................ 6.5

Onion, Welsh................................................. 6.5

Parsley...................................................... 6.5

Parsnip...................................................... 6.0

Pea.......................................................... 7.0

Pepper....................................................... 4.5

Pumpkin...................................................... 6.0

Radish....................................................... 5.0

Rutabaga..................................................... 5.0

Spinach...................................................... 8.0

Squash....................................................... 6.0

Tomato....................................................... 5.5

Turnip....................................................... 5.0

Watermelon................................................... 6.5

All others................................................... 6.0

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec. 201.37 [Amended]

14. Section 201.37 is amended by removing ``Consumer and Marketing

Service'' and adding in its place ``Agricultural Marketing Service''.

15. In Sec. 201.43, paragraphs (a) through (e) are revised and a

new paragraph (g) is added to read as follows:

Sec. 201.43 Size of sample.

* * * * *

(a) Two ounces (57 grams) of grass seed not otherwise mentioned,

white or alsike clover, or seeds not larger than these.

(b) Five ounces (142 grams) of red or crimson clover, alfalfa,

lespedeza, ryegrass, bromegrass, millet, flax, rape, or seeds of

similar size.

(c) One pound (454 grams) of sudangrass, proso millet, hemp or

seeds of similar size.

(d) Two pounds (907 grams) of cereals, sorghum, vetch, or seeds of

similar or larger size.

(e) Two quarts (2.2 liters) of screenings.

* * * * *

(g) Coated seed for a purity analysis shall consist of at least

7,500 seed units. Coated seed for noxious-weed seed examination shall

consist of at least 30,000 seed units. Coated seed for germination test

only shall consist of at least 1,000 seed units.

16. Section 201.44 is revised to read as follows:

Sec. 201.44 Forwarding samples.

Before being forwarded for analysis, test, or examination, the

containers of samples shall be properly sealed and identified in such

manner as may be prescribed by the Agricultural Marketing Service.

Samples of coated seed shall be forwarded in firmly packed crush-proof

and moisture-proof containers.

Sec. 201.45 [Amended]

17. Section 201.45(b) is amended by removing ``,'' after the words

``damaging large seeds'' and adding in its place P``and coated

seeds,''.

18. Section 201.46 is amended by adding a new paragraph (d) and

revising Table 1 to read as follows:

Sec. 201.46 Weight of working sample.

* * * * *

(d) Coated seed--(1) Unmixed coated seed. Due to variation in the

weight of coating materials, the size or weight of the working sample

shall be determined separately for each lot. The weight of the working

sample shall be determined by weighing 100 completely coated units and

calculating the weight of 2,500 coated units for the purity analysis

and 25,000 coated units for the noxious-weed seed examination.

(2) Mixtures of coated seed. The working weight shall be determined

in the following manner:

(i) Calculate the weight of the working sample to be used for the

mixture under consideration as though the sample were not coated by

following paragraph (b) or (c) of this section.

(ii) Determine the amount of coating material on 100 coated units

by weighing the coated units. Remove the coating material using the

methods described in Secs. 201.51b (c) and (d). Calculate the

percentage of coating material using the following formulas:

Weight of coating material=weight of 100 coated units--weight of 100

de-coated units;

The percentage of coating material=weight of the coating material

divided by the weight of 100 coated units x 100%.

(iii) The weight of the working sample shall be the product of the

weight calculated in paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section multiplied by

100%, divided by 100% minus the percentage of coating material

calculated in paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this section.

Table 1.--Weight of Working Sample

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Minimum

Minimum weight for Approximate

weight for noxious-weed number of

Name of seed purity seed seeds per

analysis examination gram

(Grams) (Grams)

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Agricultural Seed

Agrotricum--x Agrotriticum..... 65 500 39

Alfalfa--Medicago sativa....... 5 50 500

Alfilaria--Erodium cicutarium.. 5 50 440

Alyceclover--Alysicarpus

vaginalis..................... 5 50 665

Bahiagrass--Paspalum notatum:

Var. Pensacola............. 5 50 600

All other vars............. 7 50 365

Barley--Hordeum vulgare........ 100 500 30

Barrelclover--Medicago

truncatula.................... 10 100 250

Bean:

Adzuki--Vigna angularis.... 200 500 11

Field--Phaseolus vulgaris.. 500 500 4

Mung--Vigna radiata........ 100 500 24

Beet, field--Beta vulgaris

subsp. vulgaris............... 50 500 55

Beet, sugar--Beta vulgaris

subsp. vulgaris............... 50 500 55

Beggarweed, Florida--Desmodium

tortuosum..................... 5 50 440

Bentgrass:

Colonial (incl. vars.

Astoria and Highland)--...

Agrostis capillaris........ 0.25 2.5 13,000

Creeping--Agrostis

stolonifera var. palustris 0.25 2.5 13,515

Velvet--Agrostis canina.... 0.25 2.5 18,180

Bermudagrass--Cynodon dactylon

var. dactylon................. 1 10 3,930

Bermudagrass, giant--Cynodon

dactylon var. aridus.......... 1 10 2,950

Bluegrass:

Annual--Poa annua.......... 1 10 2,635

Bulbous--Poa bulbosa....... 4 40 585

Canada--Poa compressa...... 0.5 5 5,050

Glaucantha--Poa glaucantha. 1 10

Kentucky (all vars.)--Poa

pratensis................. 1 10 3,060

Nevada--Poa nevadensis..... 1 10 2,305

Rough--Poa trivialis....... 0.5 5 4,610

Texas--Poa arachnifera..... 1 10 2,500

Wood--Poa nemoralis........ 0.5 5 4,330

Bluejoint--Calamagrostis

canadensis.................... 0.5 5 8,461

Bluestem:

Big--Andropogon gerardii

var. gerardii............. 7 70 320

Little--Schizachyrium

scoparium................. 5 50 525

Sand--Andropogon gerardii

var. paucipilus........... 10 100 215

Yellow--Bothriochloa

ischaemum................. 1 10 1,945

Bottlebrush-squirreltail--

Elymus elymoides.............. 9 90 300

Brome:

Field--Bromus arvensis..... 5 50 465

Meadow--Bromus

biebersteinii............. 13 130 190

Mountain--Bromus marginatus 20 200 140

Smooth--Bromus inermis..... 7 70 315

Broomcorn--Sorghum bicolor..... 40 400 60

Buckwheat--Fagopyrum esculentum 50 500 45

Buffalograss--Buchloe

dactyloides:

(Burs)..................... 20 200 110

(Caryopses)................ 3 30 740

Buffelgrass--Cenchrus ciliaris:

(Fascicles)................ 6 66 365

(Caryopses)................ 2 20 1,940

Burclover, California--Medicago

polymorpha:

(in bur)................... 50 500

(out of bur)............... 7 70 375

Burclover, spotted--Medicago

arabica:

(in bur)................... 50 500 50

(out of bur)............... 5 50 550

Burnet, little--Sanguisorba

minor......................... 25 250 110

Buttonclover--Medicago

orbicularis................... 7 70 365

Canarygrass--Phalaris

canariensis................... 20 200 150

Canarygrass, reed--Phalaris

arundinacea................... 2 20 1,185

Carpetgrass--Axonopus affinis.. 1 10 2,230

Castorbean--Ricinus communis... 500 500 5

Chess, soft--Bromus hordeaceus. 5 50 555

Chickpea--Cicer arietinum...... 500 500 2

Clover:

Alsike--Trifolium hybridum. 2 20 1,500

Arrowleaf--Trifolium

vesiculosum............... 4 40 705

Berseem--Trifolium

alexandrinum.............. 5 50 455

Cluster--Trifolium

glomeratum................ 1 10 2,925

Crimson--Trifolium

incarnatum................ 10 100 330

Kenya--Trifolium

semipilosum............... 2 20

Ladino--Trifolium repens... 2 20 1,935

Lappa--Trifolium lappaceum. 2 20 1,500

Large hop--Trifolium

campestre................. 1 10 5,435

Persian--Trifolium

resupinatum............... 2 20 1,415

Red--Trifolium pratense.... 5 50 600

Rose--Trifolium hirtum..... 7 70 360

Small hop--Trifolium dubium 2 20 1,950

Strawberry--Trifolium

fragiferum................ 5 50 635

Sub--Trifolium subterraneum 25 250 120

White--Trifolium repens.... 2 20 1,500

Corn:

Field--Zea mays............ 500 500 3

Pop--Zea mays.............. 500 500 3

Cotton--Gossypium spp.......... 300 500 8

Cowpea--Vigna unguiculata

subsp. unguiculata............ 300 500 8

Crambe--Crambe abyssinica...... 25 250

Crested dogtail--Cynosurus

cristatus..................... 2 20 1,900

Crotalaria:

Lance--Crotalaria

lanceolata................ 7 70 375

Showy--Crotalaria

spectabilis............... 25 250 80

Slenderleaf--Crotalaria

brevidens var. intermedia. 10 100 205

Striped--Crotalaria pallida 10 100 215

Sunn--Crotalaria juncea.... 75 500 35

Crownvetch--Coronilla varia.... 10 100 305

Dallisgrass--Paspalum dilatatum 4 40 620

Dichondra--Dichondra repens.... 5 50 470

Dropseed, sand--Sporobolus

cryptandrus................... 0.25 2.5 12,345

Emmer--Triticum dicoccon....... 100 500 25

Fescue:

Chewings--Festuca rubra

subsp. commutata.......... 3 30 900

Hair--Festuca tenuifolia... 1 10

Hard--Festuca trachyphylla. 2 20 1,305

Meadow--Festuca pratensis.. 5 50 495

Red--Festuca rubra subsp.

rubra..................... 3 30 900

Sheep--Festuca ovina var.

ovina..................... 2 20 1,165

Tall--Festuca arundinacea.. 5 50 455

Flax--Linum usitatissimum...... 15 150 180

Galletagrass--Hilaria jamesii:

(Other than caryopses)..... 10 100 260

(Caryopses)................ 5 50 580

Grama:

Blue--Bouteloua gracilis... 2 20 1,595

Side-oats--Bouteloua

curtipendula:

(Other than caryopses)..... 6 60 350

(Caryopses)................ 2 20 1,605

Guar--Cyamopsis tetragonoloba.. 75 500 35

Guineagrass--Panicum maximum

var. maximum.................. 2 20 2,205

Hardinggrass--Phalaris

stenoptera.................... 3 30 750

Hemp--Cannabis sativa.......... 50 500 45

Indiangrass, yellow--

Sorghastrum nutans............ 7 70 395

Indigo, hairy--Indigofera

hirsuta....................... 7 70 435

Japanese lawngrass--Zoysia

japonica...................... 2 20 1,325

Johnsongrass--Sorghum halepense 10 100 265

Kenaf--Hibiscus cannabinus..... 50 500

Kochia, forage--Kochia

prostrata..................... 2 20 1,070

Kudzu--Pueraria montana var.

lobata........................ 25 250 80

Lentil--Lens culinaris......... 120 500 14-23

Lespedeza:

Korean--Kummerowia

stipulacea................ 5 50 525

Sericea--Lespedeza cuneata. 3 30 820

Siberian--Lespedeza juncea. 3 30 820

Striate--Kummerowia striata 5 50 750

Lovegrass, sand--Eragrostis

trichodes..................... 1 10 3,585

Lovegrass, weeping--Eragrostis

curvula....................... 1 10 3,270

Lupine:

Blue--Lupinus angustifolius 500 500 7

White--Lupinus albus....... 500 500 7

Yellow--Lupinus luteus..... 300 500 9

Manilagrass--Zoysia matrella... 2 20

Meadow foxtail--Alopecurus

pratensis..................... 3 30 893

Medic, black--Medicago lupulina 5 50 585

Milkvetch--Astragalus cicer.... 9 90 270

Millet:

Browntop--Brachiaria ramosa 8 80 315

Foxtail--Setaria italica... 5 50 480

Japanese--Echinochloa

frumentacea............... 9 90 315

Pearl--Pennisetum glaucum.. 15 150 180

Proso--Panicum miliaceum... 15 150 185

Molassesgrass--Melinis

minutiflora................... 0.5 5 7,750

Mustard:

Black--Brassica nigra...... 2 20 1,255

India--Brassica juncea..... 5 50 625

White--Sinapis alba........ 15 150 160

Napiergrass--Pennisetum

purpureum..................... 5 50

Needlegrass, green--Stipa

viridula...................... 7 70 370

Oat--Avena spp................. 75 500 35-50

Oatgrass, tall--Arrhenatherum

elatius....................... 6 60 417

Orchardgrass--Dactylis

glomerata..................... 3 30 945

Panicgrass, blue--Panicum

antidotale.................... 2 20 1,370

Panicgrass, green--Panicum

maximum var. trichoglume...... 2 20 1,305

Pea, field--Pisum sativum...... 500 500 4

Peanut--Arachis hypogaea....... 500 500 1-3

Rape:

Annual--Brassica napus var.

annua..................... 7 70 345

Bird--Brassica rapa........ 7 70 425

Turnip--Brassica rapa...... 5 50 535

Winter--Brassica napus var.

biennis................... 10 100 230

Redtop--Agrostis gigantea...... 0.25 2.5 10,695

Rescuegrass--Bromus catharticus 20 200 115

Rhodesgrass--Chloris gayana.... 1 10 4,725

Rice--Oryza sativa............. 50 500 65

Ricegrass, Indian--Oryzopsis

hymenoides.................... 7 70 355

Roughpea--Lathyrus hirsutus.... 75 500 40

Rye--Secale cereale............ 75 500 40

Rye, mountain--Secale montanum. 28 280 90

Ryegrass:

Annual--Lolium multiflorum. 5 50 420

Intermediate--Lolium x

hybridum.................. 8 80 338

Perennial--Lolium perenne.. 5 50 530

Wimmera--Lolium rigidum.... 5 50

Safflower--Carthamus tinctorius 100 500 30

Sagewort, Louisiana--Artemisia

ludoviciana................... 0.5 5 8,900

Sainfoin--Onobrychis viciifolia 50 500 50

Saltbush, fourwing--Atriplex

canescens..................... 15 150 165

Sesame--Sesamum indicum........ 7 70 360

Sesbania--Sesbania exaltata.... 25 250 105

Smilo--Oryzopsis miliacea...... 2 20 2,010

Sorghum--Sorghum bicolor....... 50 500 55

Sorghum almum--Sorghum x almum. 15 150 150

Sorghum-sudangrass--Sorghum x

drummondii.................... 65 500 38

Sorgrass\1\.................... 15 150 135

Sourclover--Melilotus indicus.. 5 50 660

Soybean--Glycine max........... 500 500 6-13

Spelt--Triticum spelta......... 100 500 25

Sudangrass--Sorghum x

drummondii.................... 25 250 100

Sunflower (Cult.)--Helianthus

annuus........................ 100 500

Sweetclover:

White--Melilotus albus..... 5 50 570

Yellow--Melilotus

officinalis............... 5 50 570

Sweet vernalgrass--Anthoxanthum

odoratum...................... 2 20 1,600

Sweetvetch, northern--Hedysarum

boreale....................... 19 190 130

Switchgrass--Panicum virgatum.. 4 40 570

Timothy--Phleum pratense....... 1 10 2,565

Timothy, turf--Phleum

bertolonii.................... 1 10 2,565

Tobacco--Nicotiana tabacum..... 0.5 5 15,625

Trefoil:

Big--Lotus uliginosus...... 2 20 1,945

Birdsfoot--Lotus

corniculatus.............. 3 30 815

Triticale--x Triticosecale..... 100 500

Vaseygrass--Paspalum urvillei.. 3 30 970

Veldtgrass--Ehrharta calycina.. 4 40 655

Velvetbean--Mucuna pruriens

var. utilis................... 500 500 2

Velvetgrass--Holcus lanatus.... 1 10 3,360

Vetch:

Common--Vicia sativa subsp.

sativa.................... 150 500 19

Hairy--Vicia villosa subsp.

villosa................... 75 500 35

Hungarian--Vicia pannonica. 100 500 24

Monantha--Vicia articulata. 100 500

Narrowleaf--Vicia sativa

subsp. nigra.............. 50 500 60

Purple--Vicia benghalensis. 100 500 22

Woollypod--Vicia villosa

subsp. varia.............. 100 500 25

Wheat:

Common--Triticum aestivum.. 100 500 25

Club--Triticum compactum... 100 500 25

Durum--Triticum durum...... 100 500 25

Polish--Triticum polonicum. 100 500 25

Poulard--Triticum turgidum. 100 500 25

Wheat x Agrotricum--Triticum x

Agrotriticum.................. 65 500 38

Wheatgrass:

Beardless--Elytrigia

spicata................... 8 80 275

Fairway crested--Agropyron

cristatum................. 4 40 685

Standard crested--Agropyron

desertorum................ 5 50 425

Intermediate--Elytrigia

intermedia subsp.

intermedia................ 15 150 175

Pubescent--Elytrigia

intermedia subsp.

barbulata................. 15 150 180

Siberian--Agropyron fragile

subsp. sibiricum.......... 5 50

Slender--Elymus

trachycaulus.............. 7 70 295

Streambank--Elytrigia

dasystachya............... 10 50 370

Tall--Elytrigia elongata... 15 150 165

Western--Elymus smithii.... 10 100 250

Wildrye:

Basin--Leymus cinereus..... 8 80 317

Canada--Elymus canadensis.. 11 110 190

Russian--Psathyrostachys

juncea.................... 6 60 360

Vegetable Seed

Artichoke--Cynara scolymus..... 100 500 24

Asparagus--Asparagus

officinalis................... 100 500 25

Asparagusbean--Vigna

unguiculata subsp.

sesquipedalis................. 300 500 8

Bean:

Garden--Phaseolus vulgaris. 500 500 4

Lima--Phaseolus lunatus.... 500 500 2

Runner--Phaseolus coccineus 500 500 1

Beet--Beta vulgaris subsp.

vulgaris...................... 50 300 60

Broadbean--Vicia faba.......... 500 500

Broccoli--Brassica oleracea

var. botrytis................. 10 50 315

Brussels sprouts--Brassica

oleracea var. gemmifera....... 10 50 315

Burdock, great--Arctium lappa.. 15 150

Cabbage--Brassica oleracea var.

capitata...................... 10 50 315

Cabbage, Chinese--Brassica

pekinensis.................... 5 50 635

Cabbage, tronchuda--Brassica

oleracea var. costata......... 10 100

Cardoon--Cynara cardunculus.... 100 500

Carrot--Daucus carota subsp.

sativus....................... 3 50 825

Cauliflower--Brassica oleracea

var. botrytis................. 10 50 315

Celeriac--Apium graveolens var.

rapaceum...................... 1 25 2,520

Celery--Apium graveolens var.

dulce......................... 1 25 2,520

Chard, Swiss--Beta vulgaris

subsp. cicla.................. 50 300 60

Chicory--Cichorium intybus..... 3 50 940

Chives--Allium schoenoprasum... 5 50

Citron--Citrullus lanatus var.

citroides..................... 200 500 11

Collards--Brassica oleracea

var. acephala................. 10 50 315

Corn, sweet--Zea mays.......... 500 500

Cornsalad--Valerianella

locusta:

Vars. Fullhearted and Dark

Green Fullhearted......... 5 50

All other vars............. 10 50 380

Cowpea--Vigna unguiculata

subsp. unguiculata............ 300 500 8

Cress:

Garden--Lepidium sativum... 5 50 425

Upland--Barbarea verna..... 2 35 1,160

Water--Nasturtium

officinale................ 1 25 5,170

Cucumber--Cucumis sativus...... 75 500 40

Dandelion--Taraxacum officinale 2 35 1,240

Dill--Anethum graveolens....... 3 50 800

Eggplant--Solanum melongena.... 10 50 230

Endive--Cichorium endivia...... 3 50 940

Gherkin, West India--Cucumis

anguria....................... 16 160 153

Kale--Brassica oleracea var.

acephala...................... 10 50 315

Kale, Chinese--Brassica

oleracea var. alboglabra...... 10 50

Kale, Siberian--Brassica napus

var. pabularia................ 8 80 325

Kohlrabi--Brassica oleracea

var. gongylodes............... 10 50 315

Leek--Allium porrum............ 7 50 395

Lettuce--Lactuca sativa........ 3 50 890

Melon--Cucumis melo............ 50 500 45

Mustard, India--Brassica juncea 5 50 625

Mustard, spinach--Brassica

perviridis.................... 5 50 535

Okra--Abelmoschus esculentus... 100 500 19

Onion--Allium cepa............. 7 50 340

Onion, Welsh--Allium fistulosum 10 50

Pak-choi--Brassica chinensis... 5 50 635

Parsley--Petroselinum crispum.. 5 50 650

Parsnip--Pastinaca sativa...... 5 50 430

Pea--Pisum sativum............. 500 500 3

Pepper--Capsicum spp........... 15 150 165

Pumpkin--Cucurbita maxima, C.

moschata, and C. pepo......... 500 500 5

Radish--Raphanus sativus....... 30 300 75

Rhubarb--Rheum rhabarbarum..... 50 300 60

Rutabaga--Brassica napus var.

napobrassica.................. 5 50 430

Sage--Salvia officinalis....... 25 150 120

Salsify--Tragopogon porrifolius 50 300 65

Savory, summer--Satureja

hortensis..................... 2 35 1,750

Sorrel--Rumex acetosa.......... 2 35 1,080

Soybean--Glycine max........... 500 500 6-13

Spinach--Spinacia oleracea..... 25 150 100

Spinach, New Zealand--

Tetragonia tetragonioides..... 200 500 13

Squash--Cucurbita maxima, C.

moschata, and C. pepo......... 200 500 14

Tomato--Lycopersicon esculentum 5 50 405

Tomato, husk--Physalis

pubescens..................... 2 35 1,240

Turnip--Brassica rapa.......... 5 50 535

Watermelon--Citrullus lanatus

var. lanatus.................. 200 500 11

------------------------------------------------------------------------

\1\Rhizomatous derivatives of a johnsongrass x sorghum cross or a

johnsongrass x sudangrass cross.

19. Section 201.47 is amended by revising paragraph (e) and adding

a new paragraph (f) to read as follows:

Sec. 201.47 Separation.

* * * * *

(e) The Uniform Blowing Procedure described in Sec. 201.51a(a)

shall be used for the separation of pure seed and inert matter in seeds

of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), Canada bluegrass (P. compressa),

rough bluegrass (P. trivialis), Pensacola variety of bahiagrass

(Paspalum notatum), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), side-oats grama

(Bouteloua curtipendula), and blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis).

(f) Procedures for purity analysis for coated seed are given in

Sec. 201.51b.

20. Section 201.47a is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(3),

(b)(4), and (g) to read as follows:

Sec. 201.47a Seed unit.

* * * * *

(b) * * *

(3) Entire spikelets in bentgrasses and redtop (Agrostis spp.);

browntop millet (Brachiaria ramosa); rice (Oryza sativa); panicgrasses,

guineagrass, proso millet, and switchgrass (Panicum spp.); dallisgrass,

bahiagrass, and vaseygrass (Paspalum spp.); and foxtail millet (Setaria

italica). Entire spikelets which may have attached rachis segments,

pedicels, and sterile spikelets in bluestems (Andropogon spp.); yellow

bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum); bottlebrush-squirreltail (Elymus

elymoides); little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium); yellow

indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans); and broomcorn, johnsongrass, sorghum,

sorghum-sudangrass, sorghum almum, sorgrass, and sudangrass (Sorghum

spp.);

(4) Spikelet groups:

(i) Spikelet groups that disarticulate as a unit in galletagrass

(Hilaria jamesii);

(ii) Spikelet groups that disarticulate as units with attached

rachis and internodes in bluestems (Andropogon spp., Bothriochloa

ischaemum, and Schizachyrium scoparium), side-oats grama (Bouteloua

curtipendula), and yellow indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans);

* * * * *

(g) ``Seed balls'' or portions thereof in multigerm beets (Beta

vulgaris), and fruits with accessory structures such as occur in other

Chenopodiaceae and New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia tetragonioides). For

forage kochia (Kochia prostrata) refer to Sec. 201.48(j) and

Sec. 201.51(a)(7).

21. In Sec. 201.48, paragraphs (g)(2), (g)(3), (h), and (i) are

revised and a new paragraph (j) is added to read as follows:

Sec. 201.48 Kind or variety considered pure seed.

* * * * *

(g) * * *

(2) The Uniform Blowing Procedure described in Sec. 201.51a(a)

shall be used to determine classification of florets into pure seed or

inert matter for Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), Canada bluegrass

(P. compressa), rough bluegrass (P. trivialis), Pensacola variety of

bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), side-

oats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula); and blue grama (Bouteloua

gracilis).

(3) Special purity procedures for Chewings fescue (Festuca rubra

subsp. commutata), red fescue (F. rubra subsp. rubra), orchardgrass

(Dactylis glomerata), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum or A.

desertorum), pubescent wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia subsp.

barbulata), intermediate wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia subsp.

intermedia), smooth brome (Bromus inermis), western wheatgrass (Elymus

smithii), and tall wheatgrass (Elytrigia elongata) are listed in

Sec. 201.51a(b).

* * * * *

(h) Seed units with nematode galls, fungal bodies (i.e. ergot,

other sclerotia, and smut) and spongy or corky caryopses that are

entirely enclosed within the seed unit. Refer to Sec. 201.51(c)(1) for

inert matter classification.

(i) Seed units of beet (Beta vulgaris) and other Chenopodiaceae,

and New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia tetragonioides). Refer to

Sec. 201.47a(g) and Sec. 201.51(a)(6) for definitions of seed units and

inert matter, respectively.

(j) Seed units of forage kochia (Kochia prostrata) that are

retained in a 1 mm opening square-hole sieve, when shaken for 30

seconds. For inert matter, refer to Sec. 201.51(a)(7).

22. Section 201.49 is revised to read as follows:

Sec. 201.49 Other crop seed.

(a) Seeds of plants grown as crops (other than the kind(s) and

variety(ies) included in the pure seed) shall be considered other crop

seeds, unless recognized as weed seeds by applicable laws, or

regulations, or by general usage. All interpretations and definitions

for ``pure seed'' in Sec. 201.48 shall also apply in determining

whether seeds are ``other crop seed'' or ``inert matter'' with the

following two exceptions which may be applied as acceptable

alternatives:

(1) Uniform Blowing Procedure in Sec. 201.51a(a) for kinds listed

in Sec. 201.47(e) may be disregarded. If disregarded, all seed units

(as defined in Sec. 201.47a) for these kinds found in the working

sample shall be manually separated into pure seed and inert matter.

Only units containing at least one caryopsis with some degree of

endosperm development which can be detected either by slight pressure

or by examination over light are considered other crop seed.

(2) Multiple Unit Procedure in Sec. 201.51a(b) for kinds listed in

Sec. 201.48(g)(3) may be disregarded. If disregarded, all multiple

units and single units (as defined in Sec. 201.51a(b)) for these kinds

found in the working sample shall be manually separated into single

florets. Each floret containing a caryopsis with some degree of

endosperm development, which can be detected either by slight pressure

or examination over light, is considered other crop seed. Empty florets

and glumes, if present, are considered inert matter. Refer to

Sec. 201.51(a)(4).

(b) [Reserved]

23. Section 201.50 paragraph (c) is revised to read as follows:

Sec. 201.50 Weed seed.

* * * * *

(c) Wild onion and wild garlic (Allium spp.) bulblets that have any

part of the husk remaining and are not damaged at the basal end are

considered weed seeds regardless of size. Bulblets that are completely

devoid of husk, and are not damaged at the basal end, and are retained

by a 1/13th-inch (1.9 mm) round-hole sieve are considered weed seeds.

For wild onion and wild garlic (Allium spp.) bulblets classed as inert

matter, refer to Sec. 201.51(b)(5).

24. Section 201.51 paragraphs (a)(5), (a)(6), and (c)(2) are

revised and new paragraphs (a)(7), (a)(8), and (c)(3) are added to read

as follows:

Sec. 201.51 Inert matter.

(a) * * *

(5) Seed units with nematode galls or fungal bodies (smut, ergot,

and other sclerotia) that are not entirely enclosed within the seed

unit. Refer to Sec. 201.48(h) for pure seed classification.

(6) Broken seed units of Chenopodiaceae and fruit portions or

fragments of monogerm beets (Beta vulgaris), New Zealand spinach

(Tetragonia tetragonioides), buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides), and

families in which the seed unit is a dry indehiscent one-seeded fruit

that visibly do not contain a seed. Refer to Sec. 201.48(f), (g)(1),

(i), and (j) for pure seed classification.

(7) Seed units of forage kochia (Kochia prostrata) that pass

through a 1 mm opening, square-hole sieve, when shaken for 30 seconds.

(8) The thin pericarp (fruit wall), if present on seeds of northern

sweetvetch (Hedysarum boreale).

* * * * *

(c) * * *

(2) Soil particles, sand, stone, chaff, stems, leaves, flowers,

loose coating material, and any other foreign material.

(3) Coating material removed from coated seed by washing. Refer to

Sec. 201.51b(c).

25. Section 201.51a is revised to read as follows:

Sec. 201.51a Special procedures for purity analysis.

(a) The Uniform Blowing Procedure shall be used for the separation

of pure seed and inert matter in the following: Kentucky bluegrass (Poa

pratensis); Canada bluegrass (P. compressa); rough bluegrass (P.

trivialis); Pensacola variety of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum);

orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata); blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis); and

side-oats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula). When kinds listed in this

section appear in mixtures they shall be separated from other kinds

before using the Uniform Blowing Procedure. To determine the blowing

point for these procedures, individual calibration samples for Kentucky

bluegrass, orchardgrass, and Pensacola variety of bahiagrass shall be

used. The calibration sample for Kentucky bluegrass shall be used for

Canada bluegrass and rough bluegrass. The blowing point for Canada

bluegrass shall be the same as the blowing point determined for

Kentucky bluegrass. The blowing point for rough bluegrass shall be a

factor of 0.82 (82 percent) of the blowing point determined for

Kentucky bluegrass. The 0.82 factor is restricted to the General-type

seed blower. The blowing point for blue grama shall be a factor of

1.157 of the blowing point determined for Kentucky bluegrass. Before

blowing, extraneous material that will interfere with the blowing

process shall be removed. The sample to be blown shall be divided into

four approximately equal parts and each blown separately. The 1.157

factor is restricted to the General-type seed blower. The blowing point

for side-oats grama shall be a factor of 1.480 of the blowing point

determined for Kentucky bluegrass. Before blowing, extraneous material

that will interfere with the blowing process shall be removed. The

sample to be blown shall be divided into four approximately equal parts

and each part blown separately. The 1.480 factor is restricted to the

General-type seed blower. Calibration samples and instructions are

available through the Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, LS, AMS,

Building 306, room 213, Beltsville, Maryland 20705. The calibration

samples shall be used to establish a blowing point prior to proceeding

with the separation of pure seed and inert matter for these kinds.

After completing the blowing procedure, remove all weed and other crop

seeds from the light portion and add these to the weed or other crop

separation, as appropriate. The remainder of the light portion shall be

considered inert matter. Remove all weed and other crop seeds and other

inert matter (stems, leaves, dirt) from the heavy portion and add these

to the weed seed, other crop seed, or inert matter separations, as

appropriate. The remainder of the heavy portion shall be considered

pure seed. With orchardgrass, after the blowing, proceed with the

multiple unit procedure.

(b) The Multiple Unit Procedure of determining the pure seed

fraction shall be used only for the kinds included in the following

table when multiple units are present in a sample. These methods are

applicable to the kinds listed when they occur in mixtures or singly.

Any single unit without attached structures, as described below, shall

be considered a single unit. Multiple units and single units for the

kinds listed shall remain intact. The attached glumes and fertile or

sterile florets shall not be removed from the fertile floret.

(1) A multiple unit is a seed unit that includes one or more

structures as follows (the length of the awn shall be disregarded when

determining the length of a fertile floret or an attached structure):

(i) An attached sterile or fertile floret that extends to or beyond

the tip of a fertile floret;

(ii) A fertile floret with basally attached glume, glumes, or

basally attached sterile floret of any length;

(iii) A fertile floret with two or more attached sterile and/or

fertile florets of any length.

(2) Procedure for determination of multiple units:

(i) For the single kind: determine the percentage of single units

present, based on the total weight of single units and multiple units.

Apply the appropriate factor, as determined from the following table,

to the weight of the multiple units and add that portion of the

multiple unit weight to the weight of the single units. The remaining

multiple unit weight shall be added to the weight of the inert matter.

(ii) For mixtures that include one or more of the kinds in the

following table, determine the percentage of single units, based on the

total weight of single units and multiple units, for each kind. Apply

the appropriate factor as determined from the following table, to the

weight of multiple units of each kind.

Table of Factors to Apply to Multiple Unitsa

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Crested Pubescent Tall Western

Percent of single units of each kind Chewings Red Orchard- wheat- wheat- Intermediate wheat- wheat- Smooth

fescue fescue grass grassb grass wheat-grass grassc grassc brome

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

50 or below....................................... 91 80 80 70 66 72 ......... ......... 72

50.01-55.00....................................... 91 81 81 72 67 74 ......... ......... 74

55.01-60.00....................................... 91 82 81 73 67 75 ......... ......... 75

60.01-65.00....................................... 91 83 82 74 67 76 ......... ......... 76

65.01-70.00....................................... 91 84 82 75 68 77 ......... 60 78

70.01-75.00....................................... 91 86 82 76 68 78 ......... 66 79

75.01-80.00....................................... 91 87 83 77 69 79 50 67 81

80.01-85.00....................................... 91 88 83 78 69 80 55 68 82

85.01-90.00....................................... 91 89 83 79 69 81 65 70 83

90.01-100.00...................................... 91 90 84 79 70 82 70 74 85

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

aThe factors represent the percentages of the multiple unit weights which are considered pure seed. The remaining percentage is regarded as inert matter

bIncludes both Agropyron cristatum and A. desertorum.

cDashes in table indicate that no factors are available at the levels shown.

26. New Sec. 201.51b is added to read as follows:

Sec. 201.51b Purity procedures for coated seed.

(a) The working sample for coated seed is obtained as described in

Sec. 201.46(d) (1) and (2), and weighed in grams to four significant

figures.

(b) Any loose coating material shall be sieved, weighed, and

included with the inert matter component.

(c) Coating material is removed from the seed by washing with water

or other solvents such as, but not limited to, diluted sodium hydroxide

(NaOH). Use of fine mesh sieves is recommended for this procedure, and

stirring or shaking the coated units may be necessary to obtain de-

coated seed.

(d) Spread de-coated seed on blotters or filter paper in a shallow

container. Air dry overnight at room temperature.

(e) Separation of component parts:

(1) Kind or variety considered pure seed.

(2) Other crop seed.

(3) Inert matter.

(4) Weed seed.

(f) The de-coated seed shall be separated into four components in

accordance with Secs. 201.48 through 201.51. Sections 201.51a (a) and

(b) shall not be followed. The weight of the coating material is

determined by subtracting the sum of the weights of the other four

components from the original weight of the working sample. The

percentage of coating material shall be included with the inert matter

percentage. Calculate percentages of all components based on the

original weight of the working sample (see paragraph (a) of this

section).

27. Section 201.52 is revised to read as follows:

Sec. 201.52 Noxious-weed seeds.

(a) The determination of the number of seeds, bulblets, or tubers

of individual noxious weeds present per unit weight should be made on

at least the minimum quantities listed in Sec. 201.46 Table 1:

Provided, That if the following indicated numbers of a single kind of

seed, bulblet, or tuber are found in the pure seed analysis (or

noxious-weed seed examination of a like amount) the occurrence of that

kind in the remainder of the bulk examined for noxious-weed seeds need

not be noted: \1/2\-gram purity working sample, 16 or more seeds; 1-

gram purity working sample, 23 or more seeds; 2-gram purity working

sample or larger, 30 or more seeds. The seeds per unit weight shall be

based on the number of single seeds. The number of individual seeds

shall be determined in burs of sandbur (Cenchrus spp.) and cocklebur

(Xanthium spp.); in capsules of dodder (Cuscuta spp.); in berries of

groundcherry, horsenettle, and nightshade (Solanaceae); and in the

fruits of other noxious weeds that contain more than one seed. Refer to

Secs. 201.50 and 201.51(b)(4) for the classification of weed seeds and

inert matter, respectively.

(b) A noxious-weed seed examination of coated seed samples shall be

made by examining approximately 25,000 units obtained in accordance

with Sec. 201.46(d) and which have been de-coated by the method

described in Sec. 201.51b(c).

28. Section 201.54 is revised to read as follows:

Sec. 201.54 Number of seeds for germination.

At least 400 seeds shall be tested for germination except that in

mixtures 200 seeds of each of those kinds present to the extent of 15

percent or less may be used in lieu of 400, in which case an additional

2 percent is to be added to the regular germination tolerances. The

seeds shall be tested in replicate tests of 100 seeds or less.

29. In Sec. 201.56, paragraphs (a), (b), (c), and (e) are revised

to read as follows:

Sec. 201.56 Interpretation.

(a) A seed shall be considered to have germinated when it has

developed those essential structures which, for the kind of seed under

consideration, are indicative of its ability to produce a normal plant

under favorable conditions. In general, the following are considered to

be essential structures necessary for the continued development of the

seedling (although some structures may not be visible in all kinds at

the time of seedling evaluation). Seedlings possessing these essential

structures are referred to as normal seedlings:

(1) Root system, consisting of primary, secondary, seminal, or

adventitious roots.

(2) Hypocotyl.

(3) Epicotyl.

(4) Cotyledon(s).

(5) Terminal bud.

(6) Primary leaves.

(7) Coleoptile and mesocotyl (in the grass family).

(b) Abnormal seedlings consist of those with defects to these

structures, as described in the abnormal seedling descriptions, and are

judged to be incapable of continued growth.

(c) The seedling descriptions assume that test conditions were

adequate to allow proper assessment of the essential seedling

structures.

* * * * *

(e) Standard guides for seedling interpretation shall include the

following descriptions for specific kinds and groups. The ``General

Description'' for each group of crop kinds describes a seedling without

defects. While such a seedling is clearly normal, seedlings with some

defects may also be classified as normal, provided the defects do not

impair the functioning of the structure. The ``Abnormal seedling

description'' is to be followed when judging the severity of defects.

30. Sections 201.56-1 through 201.56-12 are revised to read as

follows:

Sec. 201.56-1 Goosefoot family, Chenopodiaceae, and Carpetweed family,

Aizoaceae.

Kinds of seed: Beet, Swiss chard, fourwing saltbush, spinach, New

Zealand spinach, and forage kochia.

(a) General description.

(1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.

(2) Food reserves: Leaf-like cotyledons and perisperm.

(3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates carrying the cotyledons

above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any

development within the test period.

(4) Root system: A primary root; secondary roots may develop within

the test period.

(5) Seedling: Frequent counts should be made on multigerm beet

since the growing seedlings will separate from the cluster making it

difficult to identify the source. Any cluster which produces at least

one normal seedling is classified as normal; only one normal seedling

per cluster is to be counted (see Sec. 201.56(d)). Toxic substances

from the clusters of beet and Swiss chard may cause discoloring of the

hypocotyl and/or root. Seedlings which are slightly discolored are to

be classified as normal; however, if there is excessive discoloration,

retest by the method in Sec. 201.58(b)(3).

(b) Abnormal seedling description.

(1) Cotyledons:

(i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached.

(ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay.

(2) Epicotyl:

(i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are

intact.)

(3) Hypocotyl:

(i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.

(ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.

(iii) Watery.

(4) Root:

(i) None.

(ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or

adventitious roots.

(iii) For discolored roots of beet and Swiss chard, see

Sec. 201.58(b)(3).

(5) Seedling:

(i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection. (For discolored seedlings of beet and Swiss

chard, see Sec. 201.58(b)(3).)

(ii) Albino.

Sec. 201.56-2 Sunflower family, Asteraceae (Compositae).

Kinds of seed: Artichoke, cardoon, chicory, dandelion, endive,

great burdock, lettuce, safflower, salsify, Louisiana sagewort, and

sunflower.

(a) Lettuce.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.

(ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons which expand and become thin, leaf-

like, and photosynthetic. The cotyledons of some varieties develop

elongated petioles.

(iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the

cotyledons above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show

any development within the test period.

(iv) Root system: A long primary root.

(v) Seedling: The interpretations of lettuce seedlings are made

only at the end of the test period.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Cotyledons:

(A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached.

(B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay. (Remove attached seed coat for evaluation of

cotyledons. Physiological necrosis is manifested by discolored areas on

the cotyledons and should not be confused with natural pigmentation of

some lettuce varieties.)

(ii) Epicotyl:

(A) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are

intact.)

(B) Any degree of necrosis or decay.

(iii) Hypocotyl:

(A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.

(B) Severely twisted or grainy.

(C) Watery.

(iv) Root:

(A) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root. (Secondary roots will

not compensate for a defective root.)

(B) Primary root tip blunt, swollen, or discolored. (Toxic

materials in the substratum may cause short, blunt roots; see

Sec. 201.58(a)(9).)

(C) Primary root with splits or lesions.

(v) Seedling:

(A) Swollen cotyledons associated with extremely short or vestigial

hypocotyl and root.

(B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(C) Albino.

(b) Other kinds in the sunflower family: Artichoke, cardoon,

chicory, dandelion, endive, great burdock, safflower, salsify,

Louisiana sagewort, and sunflower.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.

(ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons which expand and become thin, leaf-

like, and photosynthetic.

(iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the

cotyledons above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show

any development within the test period.

(iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots usually

developing within the test period.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Cotyledons:

(A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached.

(B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay. (Remove any attached seed coats at the end of the

test period for evaluation of cotyledons.)

(ii) Epicotyl:

(A) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are

intact.)

(iii) Hypocotyl:

(A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.

(B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.

(C) Watery.

(iv) Root:

(A) None.

(B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or

adventitious roots. (Seedlings with roots bound within tough seed coats

should be left in the test until the final count to allow for

development.)

(v) Seedling:

(A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(B) Albino.

Sec. 201.56-3 Mustard family, Brassicaceae (Cruciferae).

Kinds of seed: Broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, Chinese

cabbage, cauliflower, collards, garden cress, upland cress, water

cress, kale, Chinese kale, Siberian kale, kohlrabi, mustard, pak-choi,

radish, rape, rutabaga, and turnip.

(a) General description.

(1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.

(2) Food reserves: Cotyledons which expand and become thin, leaf-

like and photosynthetic. In Brassica, Sinapis, and Raphanus, the

cotyledons are bi-lobed and folded, with the outer cotyledon being

larger than the inner.

(3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the

cotyledons above the soil surface; the epicotyl usually does not show

any development within the test period.

(4) Root system: A long primary root.

(b) Abnormal seedling description.

(1) Cotyledons:

(i) Decayed at point of attachment.

(ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached.

(iii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay.

(2) Epicotyl:

(i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if the cotyledons are

intact.)

(3) Hypocotyl:

(i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.

(ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.

(iii) Watery.

(4) Root:

(i) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root. (Secondary roots will

not compensate for a defective root.)

(5) Seedling:

(i) One or more essential structures impaired as result of decay

from primary infection.

(ii) Albino.

Sec. 201.56-4 Cucurbit family, Cucurbitaceae.

Kinds of seed: Citron, cucumber, West India gherkin, melon,

pumpkin, squash, and watermelon.

(a) General description.

(1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.

(2) Food reserves: Cotyledons which are large and fleshy; they

expand, become photosynthetic, and usually persist beyond the seedling

stage.

(3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and the cotyledons are

pulled free of the seed coat, which often adheres to a peg-like

appendage at the base of the hypocotyl. The epicotyl usually does not

show any development within the test period.

(4) Root system: A long primary root with numerous secondary roots.

(b) Abnormal seedling description.

(1) Cotyledons:

(i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached.

(ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay. (Remove any attached seed coats at the end of the

test period for evaluation of cotyledons.)

(2) Epicotyl:

(i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if the cotyledons are

intact.)

(3) Hypocotyl:

(i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.

(ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.

(4) Root:

(i) None.

(ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root, with less than two

strong secondary or adventitious roots.

(5) Seedling:

(i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(ii) Albino.

Sec. 201.56-5 Grass family, Poaceae (Gramineae).

Kinds of seed: Bentgrasses, bluegrasses, bluestems, bromes,

cereals, fescues, millets, orchardgrass, redtop, ryegrasses, sorghums,

timothy, turf timothy, wheatgrasses, and all other grasses listed in

Sec. 201.2(h).

(a) Cereals: Agrotricum, barley, oat, rye, mountain rye, wheat,

wheat x agrotricum, and triticale.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.

(ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified

cotyledon which is in direct contact with the endosperm. During

germination the scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients

from the endosperm and transfer them to the growing seedling.

(iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves

enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates

and pushes through the soil surface; the mesocotyl may elongate

depending on the variety and light intensity, but may not be

discernible. Splitting of the coleoptile occurs naturally as a result

of growth and emergence of the leaves.

(iv) Root system: A primary root and seminal roots. The primary

root is not readily distinguishable from the seminal roots; therefore,

all roots arising from the seed are referred to as seminal roots.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Shoot:

(A) Missing.

(B) No leaf.

(C) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.

(D) Leaf extensively shredded or split.

(E) Spindly or watery.

(F) Grainy, spirally twisted, shredded, and weak.

(G) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.

(ii) Root:

(A) Less than one strong seminal root.

(iii) Seedling:

(A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.

(B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(C) Albino.

(D) Endosperm obviously detached from the root-shoot axis (e.g.

kernel lifted away by the growing shoot).

(E) Thickened and shortened roots and/or shoots.

(b) Rice.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.

(ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified

cotyledon which is in direct contact with the endosperm. During

germination the scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients

from the endosperm and transfer them to the growing seedling.

(iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves

enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates

and pushes through the soil or water surface; the mesocotyl may

elongate depending on the variety and environmental conditions.

Splitting of the coleoptile occurs naturally as a result of growth and

emergence of the leaves.

(iv) Root system: Strong primary root and seminal roots.

Adventitious roots may start to develop from the mesocotyl or

coleoptilar node within the test period. If the mesocotyl elongates,

the adventitious roots will be carried above the grain.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Shoot:

(A) Missing.

(B) No leaf.

(C) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.

(D) Leaf extensively shredded or split.

(E) Spindly or watery.

(F) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.

(ii) Root:

(A) None.

(B) Weak primary root with insufficient seminal or adventitious

roots.

(iii) Seedling:

(A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.

(B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(C) Albino.

(c) Corn.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.

(ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified

cotyledon which is in direct contact with the endosperm. During

germination the scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients

from the endosperm and transfer them to the growing seedling.

(iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves

enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates

and pushes through

the soil surface. The mesocotyl usually elongates. Splitting of the

coleoptile occurs naturally as a result of growth and emergence of the

leaves. A twisted and curled shoot bound by a tough seed coat may be

considered normal, provided the shoot is not decayed.

(iv) Root system: Strong primary root and seminal roots.

Adventitious roots may start to develop from the mesocotyl or

coleoptilar node within the test period.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Shoot:

(A) Missing.

(B) Thickened and shortened.

(C) No leaf.

(D) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.

(E) Leaf extensively shredded or split.

(F) Spindly or watery.

(G) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.

(ii) Root:

(A) None.

(B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak seminal roots.

(iii) Seedling:

(A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.

(B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(C) Albino.

(d) Johnsongrass, sorghum, sorgrass, sorghum almum, sudangrass, and

sorghum-sudangrass.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.

(ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified

cotyledon which is in direct contact with endosperm. During germination

the scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients from the

endosperm and transfer them to the growing seedling.

(iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves

enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates

and pushes through the soil surface; the mesocotyl usually elongates.

Areas of natural, reddish pigmentation may develop on the mesocotyl and

coleoptile. Splitting of the coleoptile occurs naturally as a result of

growth and emergence of the leaves.

(iv) Root system: A long primary root, usually with secondary roots

developing within the test period. Adventitious roots may start to

develop from the mesocotyl or coleoptilar node within the test period.

Areas of natural, reddish pigmentation may develop on the root.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Shoot:

(A) Missing.

(B) Thickened and shortened.

(C) No leaf.

(D) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.

(E) Leaf extensively shredded or split.

(F) Spindly or watery.

(G) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.

(ii) Root:

(A) None.

(B) Damaged or weak primary root with less than two strong

secondary roots.

(iii) Seedling:

(A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.

(B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(C) Albino.

(e) Grasses and millets.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.

(ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified

cotyledon which is in direct contact with the endosperm. During

germination the scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients

from the endosperm and transfer them to the growing seedling.

(iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves

enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates

and pushes through the soil surface. The mesocotyl may or may not

elongate significantly, depending on the kind. Splitting of the

coleoptile occurs naturally as a result of growth and emergence of the

leaves.

(iv) Root system: A long primary root. Secondary or adventitious

roots may develop within the test period. In certain kinds (e.g.

bermudagrass) the primary root may not be readily visible because it is

coiled inside the tightly fitting lemma and palea. At the time of

evaluation, the glumes should be removed and the root observed. Such

seedlings are classified as normal if the primary root has developed.

For Kentucky bluegrass, a primary root \1/16\ inch (1.6 mm) or more in

length is classified as normal.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Shoot:

(A) Missing.

(B) Short, thick, and grainy.

(C) No leaf.

(D) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.

(E) Leaf extensively shredded or split.

(F) Spindly or watery.

(G) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.

(ii) Root:

(A) Missing or defective primary root even if other roots are

present.

(B) Spindly, stubby, or watery primary root.

(iii) Seedling:

(A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.

(B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(C) Albino.

(D) Yellow (when grown in light).

(E) Endosperm obviously detached from the root-shoot axis (e.g.

kernel lifted away by the growing shoot).

Sec. 201.56-6 Legume or pea family, Fabaceae (Leguminosae).

Kinds of seed: Alfalfa, alyceclover, asparagusbean, beans

(Phaseolus spp.), Florida beggarweed, black medic, broadbean,

burclovers, buttonclover, chickpea, clovers (Trifolium spp.), cowpea,

crotalarias, crownvetch, guar, hairy indigo, kudzu, lentil, lespedezas,

lupines, northern sweetvetch, peas, peanut, roughpea, sainfoin,

sesbania, sourclover, soybean, sweetclovers, trefoils, velvetbean, and

vetches.

(a) Field bean, garden bean, lima bean, mung bean, asparagusbean,

and cowpea.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.

(ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons which are large and fleshy.

(iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the

cotyledons above the soil surface. The epicotyl elongates, causing the

terminal bud to emerge from between the cotyledons; the primary leaves

expand rapidly.

(iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Cotyledons:

(A) For garden bean (Phaseolus vulgaris in part), remove any

attached seed coats at the end of the test period for evaluation of

cotyledons:

(1) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached.

(2) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay.

(B) All other kinds:

(1) Both missing and the seedling generally weak.

(ii) Epicotyl:

(A) Missing.

(B) Deep open cracks.

(C) Malformed, such as markedly curled or thickened.

(D) Less than one primary leaf.

(E) Primary leaves too small in proportion to the rest of the

seedling, usually associated with visible defects of, or damage to, the

main stem of the epicotyl.

(F) Terminal bud missing or damaged. (If a few seedlings with total

or partial decay to the epicotyl are found, they may be classified as

normal, provided the hypocotyl and root are normal. The epicotyl on

such seedlings usually does not decay when grown in a fairly dry

environment and exposed to light. A retest, preferably in soil or sand,

will aid in interpretation of such seedlings.)

(iii) Hypocotyl:

(A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue. (A

healed break, sometimes referred to as a ``knee,'' is considered

normal.)

(B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.

(Hypocotyl stunting or curling may be caused by seedling orientation or

constriction on or in the substratum.) (Hypocotyl collar rot is the

breakdown of hypocotyl tissue initially characterized by a watery

appearance and collapse of the hypocotyl below the cotyledonary node.

The area later becomes discolored, shrivelled, and necrotic. The

condition is caused by insufficient calcium available to the seedling.

If hypocotyl collar rot is observed on seedlings of garden bean, the

sample involved shall be retested in accordance with

Sec. 201.58(b)(12).)

(iv) Root:

(A) None.

(B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or

adventitious roots. (A root bound within a tough seed coat is

considered normal.)

(v) Seedling:

(A) One or more essential structures impaired as the result of

decay from primary infection. (Secondary infection is common in towel

and blotter tests. Some pathogens, such as Fusarium, Phomopsis, and

Rhizoctonia, can spread through the substratum and infect seedlings

some distance away from the primary source. Seedlings with secondary

infection are to be classified as normal. A retest in sand or soil may

be advisable.)

(B) Albino.

(b) Adzuki bean, broadbean, chickpea, field pea, lentil, pea,

roughpea, runner bean, velvetbean, and vetches.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Hypogeal dicot.

(ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons which are large and fleshy, and

remain enclosed within the seed coat beneath the soil surface. They are

usually not photosynthetic.

(iii) Shoot system: The epicotyl elongates and carries the terminal

bud and primary leaves above the soil surface. The stem bears one or

more scale leaves and, prior to emergence, is arched near the apex,

causing the terminal bud to be pulled through the soil; after

emergence, the stem straightens. For practical purposes, the hypocotyl

is not discernible and is not an evaluation factor. Buds in the axils

of each cotyledon and scale leaf usually remain dormant unless the

terminal bud is seriously damaged. In this case, one or more axillary

buds may start to develop into a shoot. If the axillary shoot is well-

developed, it may be considered normal.

(iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Cotyledons:

(A) Less than half of the original tissue remaining attached.

(B) Less than half of the original tissue free of necrosis or

decay.

(ii) Epicotyl:

(A) Missing.

(B) Less than one primary leaf.

(C) Malformed such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.

(D) Severely damaged (e.g. terminal bud missing or damaged) with

only a weak shoot developing from the axil of a cotyledon or scale

leaf.

(E) Two weak and spindly shoots.

(F) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.

(iii) Root:

(A) None.

(B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary

roots.

(iv) Seedlings:

(A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection. (Secondary infection is common in towel and

blotter tests. Some pathogens can spread through the substratum and

infect seedlings some distance away from the primary source. Seedlings

with secondary infection are classified as normal. A retest in sand or

soil may be advisable.)

(B) Albino.

(c) Soybean and lupine.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.

(ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons, which are large and fleshy; they

expand and become photosynthetic.

(iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the

cotyledons above the soil surface. The primary leaves usually increase

in size and the epicotyl may elongate within the test period.

(iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Cotyledons.

(A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached.

(B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay.

(ii) Epicotyl.

(A) Missing.

(B) Less than one primary leaf.

(C) Deep open cracks.

(D) Terminal bud damaged, missing, or decayed. (If a few seedlings

with partial decay of the epicotyl are found, they may be classified as

normal, provided the hypocotyl and root are normal. The epicotyl on

such seedlings usually does not decay when grown in a fairly dry

environment and is exposed to light. A retest, preferably in soil or

sand, will aid in interpretation of such seedlings.)

(iii) Hypocotyl:

(A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.

(Adventitious roots may occur at the site of injury, particularly on

the hypocotyl and near the base of the cotyledons. The seedling is

classified as normal if the injury is healed over and other essential

structures are normal.)

(B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.

(Hypocotyl development is slow until the roots start functioning.

Caution should be exercised to ensure slow seedlings are not classified

as abnormal. Hypocotyl stunting or curling also may be caused by

seedling orientation or constriction on or in the substratum.)

(iv) Root:

(A) None.

(B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or

adventitious roots. (Roots of seedlings on ``Kimpak'' with insufficient

moisture may not become established and hypocotyl elongation may appear

to be abnormal. There may be curling of the root and hypocotyl. When a

number of seedlings are observed with this condition, the sample should

be retested.)

(v) Seedlings:

(A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection. (Secondary infection is common in towel and

blotter tests. Some pathogens, such as Fusarium, Phomopsis, and

Rhizoctonia, can spread through the substratum and infect seedlings

some distance away from the primary source. Seedlings with secondary

infection are to be classified as normal. A retest in sand or soil may

be advisable.)

(B) Albino.

(d) Peanut.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.

(ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons, which are large and fleshy.

(iii) Shoot system: The cotyledons are carried to the soil surface

by the hypocotyl which is very thick, narrowing abruptly at the root.

Elongation of the hypocotyl stops when the epicotyl is exposed to light

at the soil surface. The primary leaves are compound and usually expand

during the test period.

(iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots.

Adventitious roots develop from the base of the hypocotyl if the

primary root is damaged.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Cotyledons:

(A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached.

(B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay.

(ii) Epicotyl:

(A) Missing.

(B) Less than one primary leaf.

(C) Deep open cracks.

(D) Terminal bud damaged, missing, or decayed.

(iii) Hypocotyl:

(A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.

(B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened or curled. (Hypocotyls

remain somewhat thickened and may appear to be stunted. Light, depth of

planting, and substratum moisture all contribute to the length of the

hypocotyl. Hypocotyl stunting or curling may be caused by seedling

orientation or constriction in the substratum. Seedlings planted in a

soil test with the radicle too close to the surface may send roots

above the soil and appear to exhibit negative geotropism and a

distorted, U-shaped hypocotyl.

(iv) Root:

(A) None.

(B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or

adventitious roots.

(v) Seedling:

(A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of

primary infection.

(B) Albino.

(e) Alfalfa, alyceclover, Florida beggarweed, black medic,

burclovers, buttonclover, milkvetch, clovers, crotalarias, crownvetch,

guar, hairy indigo, kudzu, lespedezas, northern sweetvetch, sainfoin,

sesbania, sourclover, sweetclovers, and trefoils.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.

(ii) Food reserve: Cotyledons, which are small and fleshy; they

expand and become photosynthetic. The cotyledons of sub clover develop

elongated petioles.

(iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the

cotyledons above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show

any development within the test period.

(iv) Root system: A long, tapering primary root, usually with root

hairs. Secondary roots may or may not develop within the test period,

depending on the kind.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Cotyledons:

(A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached. (Breaks at the point of attachment of the cotyledons to the

hypocotyl are common in seeds which have been mechanically damaged. It

is important that seedlings not be removed during preliminary counts

unless development is sufficient to allow the conditions of the

cotyledons to be determined. If the point of attachment of the

cotyledons cannot be seen at the end of the test, the seed coat should

be peeled back to determine whether a break has occurred.)

(B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay.

(ii) Epicotyl:

(A) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if both cotyledons are

intact.)

(iii) Hypocotyl:

(A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.

(B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.

(Seedlings of sainfoin which have been constricted by growing through

the netting of the pod, but which are otherwise normal, are classified

as normal.)

(C) Weak and watery.

(iv) Root:

(A) None.

(B) Primary root stubby. (The roots of sweetclovers may be stubby

when grown on artificial substrata due to the presence of coumarin in

the seed; since this condition usually does not occur in soil, such

seedlings are classified as normal. Roots may appear stubby as a result

of being bound by the seed coat; such seedlings are classified as

normal. Crownvetch produces phytotoxic effects similar to

sweetclovers.)

(C) Split extending into the hypocotyl.

(v) Seedling:

(A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(B) Albino.

Sec. 201.56-7 Lily family, Liliaceae.

Kinds of seed: Asparagus, chives, leek, onion, and Welsh onion.

(a) Asparagus.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.

(ii) Food reserves: Endosperm which is hard, semi-transparent, and

non-starchy; minor reserves in the cotyledon. The endosperm surrounds

the entire embryo.

(iii) Cotyledon: A single cylindrical cotyledon; following

germination, all but the basal end remains embedded in the endosperm to

absorb nutrients.

(iv) Shoot system: The epicotyl elongates and carries the terminal

bud above the soil surface. The epicotyl may bear several small scale

leaves. A short hypocotyl is barely distinguishable, joining the root

to the basal end of the cotyledon. More than one shoot may arise

simultaneously, and the seedling may be considered normal if at least

one shoot is well-developed and has a terminal growing point, provided

other essential structures are normal.

(v) Root system: A long slender primary root.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Cotyledon:

(A) Detached from seedling.

(B) Deep open cracks at basal end.

(ii) Epicotyl:

(A) Missing.

(B) Terminal bud missing or damaged.

(C) Deep open cracks.

(D) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.

(E) Spindly.

(F) Watery.

(iii) Hypocotyl:

(A) Deep open cracks.

(iv) Root:

(A) No primary root.

(B) Stubby primary root with weak secondary roots.

(v) Seedling:

(A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(B) Albino.

(b) Chives, leek, onion, Welsh onion.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Epigeal monocot.

(ii) Food reserves: Endosperm which is hard, semi-transparent, and

non-starchy; minor reserves in the cotyledon.

(iii) Cotyledon: A single cylindrical cotyledon. The cotyledon

emerges with the seed coat and endosperm attached to the tip. A sharp

bend known as the ``knee'' forms; continued elongation of the cotyledon

on each side of this knee pushes it above the soil surface. The

cotyledon tip is pulled from the soil and straightens except for a

slight kink which remains at the site of the knee.

(iv) Shoot system: The first foliage leaf emerges through a slit

near the base of the cotyledon, but this does not usually occur during

the test period. The hypocotyl is a very short transitional zone

between the primary root and the cotyledon, and is not distinguishable

for purposes of seedling evaluation.

(v) Root system: A long slender primary root with adventitious

roots developing from the hypocotyl. The primary root does not develop

secondary roots.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Cotyledon:

(A) Short and thick.

(B) Without a definite bend or ``knee''.

(C) Spindly or watery.

(ii) Epicotyl:

(A) Not observed during the test period.

(iii) Hypocotyl:

(A) Not evaluated.

(iv) Root:

(A) No primary root.

(B) Short, weak, or stubby primary root.

(v) Seedling:

(A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(B) Albino.

Sec. 201.56-8 Flax family, Linaceae.

Kind of seed: Flax.

(a) General description.

(1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot. (Due to the mucilaginous

nature of the seed coat, seedlings germinated on blotters may adhere to

the blotter and appear to be negatively geotropic.)

(2) Food reserves: Cotyledons which expand and become

photosynthetic.

(3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates carrying the cotyledons

above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any

development within the test period.

(4) Root system: A primary root, with secondary roots usually

developing within the test period.

(b) Abnormal seedling description.

(1) Cotyledons:

(i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached.

(ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay.

(2) Epicotyl:

(i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are

intact.)

(3) Hypocotyl:

(i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.

(ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.

(4) Root:

(i) None.

(ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or

adventitious roots.

(5) Seedling:

(i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(ii) Albino.

Sec. 201.56-9 Mallow family, Malvaceae.

Kinds of seed: Cotton, kenaf, and okra.

(a) General description.

(1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.

(2) Food reserve: Cotyledons, which are convoluted in the seed;

they expand and become thin, leaf-like, and photosynthetic.

(3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates carrying the cotyledons

above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any

development within the test period. Areas of yellowish pigmentation may

develop on the hypocotyl in cotton.

(4) Root system: A primary root, with secondary roots usually

developing within the test period. Areas of yellowish pigmentation may

develop on the root in cotton.

(b) Abnormal seedling description.

(1) Cotyledons:

(i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached.

(ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay. (Remove any attached seed coats at the end of the

test period for evaluation of cotyledons.)

(2) Epicotyl:

(i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if both cotyledons are

intact.)

(3) Hypocotyl:

(i) Deep open cracks or grainy lesions extending into the

conducting tissue.

(ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.

(4) Root:

(i) None.

(ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or

adventitious roots.

(5) Seedling:

(i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection. (A cotton seedling with yellowish areas on the

root or hypocotyl is classified as normal, provided the cotyledons are

free of infection.)

(ii) Albino.

Sec. 201.56-10 Spurge family, Euphorbiaceae.

Kind of seed: Castorbean.

(a) General description.

(1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.

(2) Food reserves: Cotyledons, which are thin and leaf-like;

endosperm (fleshy food-storage organs) usually persisting in the

laboratory test.

(3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl lengthens, carrying the cotyledons,

endosperm, and epicotyl above the soil surface.

(4) Root system: A primary root, with secondary roots usually

developing within the test period.

(b) Abnormal seedling description.

(1) Cotyledons:

(i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached.

(ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay.

(2) Endosperm:

(i) Missing.

(3) Epicotyl:

(i) Missing.

(ii) Damaged or missing terminal bud.

(4) Hypocotyl:

(i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.

(ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.

(5) Root:

(i) None.

(ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or

adventitious roots.

(6) Seedling:

(i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(ii) Albino.

Sec. 201.56-11 Knotweed family, Polygonaceae.

Kinds of seed: Buckwheat, rhubarb, and sorrel.

(a) General description.

(1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.

(2) Food reserves: Cotyledons, starchy endosperm.

(3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates carrying the cotyledons

above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any

development within the test period.

(4) Root system: A primary root, with secondary roots developing

within the test period for some kinds.

(b) Abnormal seedling description.

(1) Cotyledons:

(i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached.

(ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay.

(2) Epicotyl:

(i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are

intact.)

(3) Hypocotyl:

(i) Deep open cracks or grainy lesions extending into the

conducting tissue.

(ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.

(iii) Watery.

(4) Root:

(i) None.

(ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or

adventitious roots.

(5) Seedling:

(i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(ii) Albino.

Sec. 201.56-12 Miscellaneous plant families.

Kinds of seed by family:

Carrot family, Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)--carrot, celery, celeriac,

dill, parsley, parsnip;

Hemp family, Cannabaceae--hemp;

Dichondra family, Dichondraceae--dichondra;

Geranium family, Geraniaceae--alfilaria;

Mint family, Lamiaceae (Labiatae)--sage, summer savory;

Benne family, Pedaliaceae--sesame;

Rose family, Rosaceae--little burnet;

Nightshade family, Solanaceae--eggplant, tomato, husk tomato,

pepper, tobacco; and

Valerian family, Valerianaceae--cornsalad.

(a) General description.

(1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.

(2) Food reserves: Cotyledons; endosperm may or may not be present,

depending on the kind.

(3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates, carrying the cotyledons

above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any

development within the test period.

(4) Root system: A primary root; secondary roots may or may not

develop within the test period, depending on the kind.

(b) Abnormal seedling description.

(1) Cotyledons:

(i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached.

(ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay.

(2) Epicotyl:

(i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if the cotyledons are

intact.)

(3) Hypocotyl:

(i) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.

(ii) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.

(iii) Watery.

(4) Root:

(i) None.

(ii) Missing or stubby primary root with weak secondary or

adventitious roots.

(5) Seedling:

(i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(ii) Albino.

31. In Sec. 201.57a, paragraph (b) is revised and a new paragraph

(c) is added to read as follows:

Sec. 201.57a Dormant Seeds.

* * * * *

(b) The percentage of dormant seed, if present, shall be determined

in addition to the percentage of germination for the following kinds:

Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), basin wildrye (Leymus cinereus),

bluestems (Andropogon gerardii var. gerardii, Androdogon gerardii var.

paucipilus, Bothriochloa ischaemum, and Schizachyrium scoparium),

bottlebrush-squirreltail (Elymus elymoides), buffalograss (Buchloe

dactyloides), buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris), galletagrass (Hilaria

jamesii), forage kochia (Kochia prostrata), gramas (Bouteloua spp.),

Indian ricegrass (Oryzopsis hymenoides), johnsongrass (Sorghum

halepense), lovegrasses (Eragrostis spp.), mountain rye (Secale

montanum), sand dropseed (Sporobolus cryptandrus), smilo (Oryzopsis

miliacea), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), veldtgrass (Ehrharta

calycina), western wheatgrass (Elymus smithii), and yellow indiangrass

(Sorghastrum nutans).

(c) For green needlegrass (Stipa viridula), if the test result of

method 2 is less than the result of method 1, subtract the result of

method 2 from method 1 and report the difference as the percentage of

dormant seed. Refer to Sec. 201.58(b)(7).

32. Section 201.58 is amended by revising the introductory text,

paragraphs (a)(5), (b)(1) through (b)(4), adding a new paragraph

(b)(7); revising paragraphs (b)(10), (b)(12), Table 2, and adding a new

paragraph (c) to read as follows:

Sec. 201.58 Substrata, temperature, duration of test, and certain

other specific directions for testing for germination and hard seed.

Specific germination requirements are set forth in table 2 to which

the following paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) are applicable.

* * * * *

(a) * * *

(5) Prechill. The term ``prechill'' means a cold, moist treatment

applied to seeds to overcome dormancy prior to the germination test.

The prechill method varies among kinds, but is usually performed by

holding imbibed seeds at a low temperature for a specified period of

time. The prechill period is not included in the duration of tests

given in table 2, unless otherwise specified.

* * * * *

(b) * * *

(1) Alyce clover. (Alysicarpus vaginalis); swollen seeds. At the

conclusion of the 21-day test period, carefully pierce the seed coat

with a sharp instrument and continue the test for 5 additional days.

Alternate method: The swollen seeds may be placed at 20 deg. C for 48

hours and then at 35 deg. C for 3 additional days.

(2) Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum); removal of glumes. On all

varieties except ``Pensacola,'' remove the enclosing structures

(glumes, lemma, and palea) from the caryopsis with the aid of a sharp

scalpel. If the seed is fresh or dormant, lightly scratch the surface

of the caryopsis.

(3) Beet, Swiss chard (Beta); preparation of seed for test. Before

the seeds are placed on the germination substratum, they shall be

soaked in water for 2 hours, using at least 250 mL of water per 100

seeds, then washed in running water and the excess water blotted off.

The temperature of the soaking and washing water should be no lower

than 20 deg. C. Samples producing excessive discoloration of the

hypocotyl or root should be retested in soil or by washing in running

water for 3 hours and testing on ``Kimpak,'' keeping the seed covered

with slightly moist blotters. Sugar beets may require 16 hours soaking

in water at 25 deg. C, followed by rinsing and then drying for 2 hours

at room temperature.

(4) Buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris); alternate method for dormant

seed. The caryopses shall be removed from the fascicles and placed on

blotters moistened with a 0.2 percent solution of KNO3, in petri

dishes. The seeds from a fascicle should be arranged so they will not

be confused with seeds from other fascicles during the test. The seeds

are then prechilled at 5 deg. C for 7 days and tested at 30 deg. C in

light for 21 additional days. Firm ungerminated seeds remaining at the

conclusion of the test should be scratched lightly and left in test for

7 additional days.

* * * * *

(7) Green needlegrass (Stipa viridula); two test methods as

prescribed in table 2 shall be used on each sample:

(i) For method 1, acid scarify 400 seeds for 10 minutes in

concentrated sulfuric acid (95 to 98 percent H2SO4). Rinse

seeds and dry on blotters for 16 hours, then place seeds on blotters

moistened with a solution of 0.055 percent (500 ppm gibberellic acid

GA3) and 0.46 percent (3,000 ppm) thiram and germinate 14 days.

(ii) For method 2, plant 400 seeds on blotters moistened with a 0.2

percent solution of KNO3 and germinate 14 days. Refer to

Sec. 201.57a(c).

(iii) Report the results of method 2 as the percentage germination.

If the number in method 2 is less than method 1, subtract the results

of method 2 from method 1 and report the difference as dormant seed.

* * * * *

(10) Ryegrass (Lolium); fluorescence test. The germination test for

fluorescence of ryegrass shall be conducted in light [not to exceed 100

foot candles (1,076 lux)] with white filter paper as the substratum.

The white filter paper should be nontoxic to the roots of ryegrass and

of a texture that will resist penetration of ryegrass roots. Distilled

or deionized water shall be used to moisten the filter paper. The test

shall be conducted in a manner that will prevent the contact of roots

of different seedlings. Roots of some seedlings produce fluorescent

lines on white filter paper when viewed under ultraviolet light. First

counts shall not be made before the eighth day; at that time remove

only normal fluorescent seedlings. Evaluation of fluorescence shall be

made under F15T8-BLB or comparable ultraviolet tubes in an area where

light from other sources is excluded. If there are over 75 percent

normal fluorescent seedlings present at the time of the first count,

break the contact of the roots of the nonfluorescent seedlings from the

substratum and reread the fluorescence at the time of the final count.

At the final count, lift each remaining seedling, observing the path of

each root since sometimes faint fluorescence will show on the

substratum as the root is lifted. Abnormal seedlings and dead seeds are

not evaluated for fluorescence. See Sec. 201.58a(a).

* * * * *

(12) Garden bean (Phaseolus vulgaris); use of calcium nitrate. If

hypocotyl collar rot is observed on seedlings, the sample involved

shall be retested using a 0.3 to 0.6 percent solution of calcium

nitrate (CaNO3) to moisten the substratum.

* * * * *

(c) Procedures for coated seed:

(1) Germination tests on coated seed shall be conducted in

accordance with methods in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section.

However, kinds for which soaking or washing is specified in paragraph

(b) shall not be soaked or washed in the case of coated seed.

(i) Coated seed units shall be placed on the substratum in the

condition in which they are received without rinsing, soaking, or any

other pretreatment.

(ii) Coated seed units in mixtures which are color coded or can

otherwise be separated by kinds shall be germinated as separate kinds

without removing the coating material.

(iii) Coated seed units in mixtures which cannot be separated by

kinds without removing the coating material shall be de-coated and

germinated as separate kinds. The coating material shall be removed in

a manner that will not affect the germination capacity of the seeds.

(2) The moisture level of the substratum is important. It may

depend on the water-absorbing capacity of the coating material. A

retest may be necessary before satisfactory germination of the sample

is achieved.

(3) Phytotoxic symptoms may be evident when germinating coated

seeds in paper substrata. In such cases a retest in sand or soil may be

necessary.

Table 2.--Germination Requirements for Indicated Kinds

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

First Final Additional directions

Name of seed Substrata Temperature( deg.C) count count --------------------------------------------------------------------

days days Specific requirements Fresh and dormant seed

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Agricultural Seed

Agrotricum--x B,T,S 20; 15 4 7 ......................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5

Agrotriticum. days.

Alfalfa--Medicago B,T,S 20 4 \1\7 See (b)(11) ........................................

sativa.

Alfilaria--Erodium B,T 20-30 3 14 Clip seeds............... ........................................

cicutarium.

Alyceclover--Alysicarp B,T 35 4 \1\21 See (b)(1) for swollen ........................................

us vaginalis. seeds.

Bahiagrass--paspalum P,S 20-35 7 28 Light; see (b)(2)....... See Sec. 201.57a.

notatum: Var.

Pensacola.

All other vars.... P 30-35 3 21 Light; remove glumes; see Scratch caryopses; KNO3; see Sec.

(b)(2). 201.57a.

Barley--Hordeum vulgare... B,T,S 20; 15 4 7 ......................... Prechill 5 days at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C

or predry.

Barrelclover--Medicago B,T 20 4 \1\14 Remove seeds from bur; ........................................

truncatula. see (b)(11).

Bean:

Adzuki--Vigna B,T,S 20-30 4 \1\10 ........................................

angularis.

Field--Phaseolus B,T,S,TC 20-30; 25 5 \1\8 ........................................

vulgaris.

Mung--Vigna radiata... B,T,S 20-30 3 \1\7 ........................................

Beet, field--Beta vulgaris B,T,S 20-30 3 14 See (b)(3) ........................................

subsp., vulgaris.

Beet, sugar--Beta vularis B,T,S 20-30; 20 3 10 See (b)(3) ........................................

subsp., vulgaris.

Beggarweed, Florida-- B,T 30 5 \1\28 ........................................

Desmodium tortuosum.

Bentgrass:

Colonial (incl. vars. P 15-30; 10-30; 15-25 7 28 Light; KNO3.............. Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 7

Astoria and days.

Highland)--Agrostis

capillaris.

Creeping--Agrostis P 15-30; 10-30; 15-25 7 28 Light; KNO3.............. Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 7

stolonifera var. days.

palustris.

Velvet--Agrostis P 15-25; 20-30 7 21 Light; KNO3 ........................................

canina.

Bermudagrass--Cynodon P 20-35 7 21 Light; KNO3; see (a)(9). ........................................

dactylon var.

dactylon.

Bermudagrass, giant-- P 20-35 7 21 Light; KNO3; see(a)(9).. Prechill at 10 deg. C for 7 days and

Cynodon dactylon var. then test at 20-35 deg. C; continue

aridus. tests of hulled seed for 14 days and of

unhulled seed for 21 days.

Bluegrass:

Annual--Poa annua..... P 20-30 7 21 Light.................... ........................................

Bulbous--Poa bulbosa.. P,S 10 10 35 KNO3 or soil............. Prechill all samples at 5 deg. C for 7

days.

Canada--Poa compressa. P 15-25; 15-30 10 28 Light; KNO3.............. 10-30 deg. C.

Glaucantha--Poa P 15-25; 15-30 10 28 Light; KNO3 ........................................

glaucantha.

Kentucky--Poa P 15-25; 15-30 10 28 Light; KNO3.............. Prechill at 10 deg. C for 5 days.

pratensis All vars..

Nevada--Poa nevadensis P 20-30 7 21 Light; KNO3 ........................................

Rough--Poa trivialis.. P 20-30 7 21 Light ........................................

Texas--Poa arachnifera P 20-30 7 28 Light; KNO3.............. Prechill at 5 deg. C for 2 weeks.

Wood--Poa nemoralis... P 20-30 7 28 Light ........................................

Bluejoint--Calamagrostis TB,P 15-25 10 21 Light and KNO3 optional.. Prechill at 5 deg. C for 5 days.

canadensis.

Bluestem:

Big--Andropogon P,TS 20-30 7 14 Light; KNO3.............. Prechill at 5 deg. C for 2 weeks; see

gerardii var. Sec. 201.57a.

gerardii.

Little--Schizachyrium P,TS 20-30 7 14 Light; KNO3.............. Prechill at 5 deg. C for 2 weeks; see

scoparium. Sec. 201.57a.

Sand--Andropogon P,TS 20-30 7 14 Light; KNO3.............. Prechill at 5 deg. C for 2 weeks; see

gerardii var. Sec. 201.57a.

paucipilus.

Yellow--Bothriochloa P,TS 20-30 5 14 Light; KNO3.............. Prechill at 5 deg. C for 2 weeks; see

ischaemum. Sec. 201.57a.

Bottlebrush- P,B 20; 15 10 14 ......................... See Sec. 201.57a.

squirreltail--Elymus

elymoides.

Brome:

Field--Bromus arvensis P,TB 15-25; 20-30 6 14 Light.................... Prechill at 10 deg. C for 5 days.

Meadow--Bromus B,T,TB 20-30 6 14 Light optional ........................................

biebersteinii.

Mountain--Bromus P 20-30 6 14 Light ........................................

marginatus.

Smooth--Bromus inermis P,B,TB 20-30 6 14 Light optional........... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5

days, then test at 30 deg. C for 9

additional days.

Broomcorn--Sorghum bicolor B,T,S 20-30 3 10 ........................................

Buckwheat--Fagopyrum B,T 20-30 3 6 ........................................

esculentum.

Buffalograss--Buchloe P,TB,TS 20-35 7 28 Light; KNO3.............. Prechill at 5 deg. C for 6 weeks; test

dactyloides: (Burs). 14 additional days; see Sec. 201.57a.

(Caryopses)........... P 20-35 5 14 Light; KNO3.............. See Sec. 201.57a.

Buffelgrass--Cenchrus S 30 7 28 Light; press fascicles See  (b)(4); see Sec. 201.57a.

ciliaris. into well-packed soil

and prechill at 5 deg. C

for 7 days.

Burclover, California- B,T 20 4 \1\14 Remove seeds from bur; ........................................

Medicago polymorpha. see  (b)(11).

Burclover, spotted-- B,T 20 4 \1\14 Remove seeds from bur; ........................................

Medicago arabica. see  (b)(11).

Burnet, Little-- B,T 15 5 14 ........................................

Sanguisorba minor.

Buttonclover--Medicago B,T 20 4 \1\10 See  (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.

orbicularis.

Canarygrass--Phalaris B,T 20-30 3 7 ........................................

canariensis.

Canarygrass, reed-- P 20-30 5 21 Light; KNO3 ........................................

Phalaris arundinacea.

Carpetgrass--Axonopus P 20-35 10 21 Light.................... KNO3.

affinis.

Castorbean--Ricinus T,S 20-30 7 14 Remove caruncle if mold ........................................

communis. interferes with test.

Chess, soft--Bromus P 20-30 7 14 Light.................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 7

hordeaceus. days.

Chickpea--Cicer arietinum. T,S 20-30 3 \1\7 ........................................

Clover:

Alsike--Trifolium B,T,S 20 3 \1\7 See  (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.

hybridum.

Arrowleaf--Trifolium B,T 20; 15 4 \1\14 See  (b)(11) ........................................

vesiculosum.

Berseem--Trifolium B,T,S 20 3 \1\7 See  (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.

alexandrinum.

Cluster--Trifolium B,T 20 4 \1\10 See  (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.

glomeratum.

Crimson--Trifolium B,T,S 20 4 \1\7 See  (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.

incarnatum.

Kenya--Trifolium B,T,S 20 3 \1\7 ........................................

semipilosum.

Ladino--Trifolium B,T,S 20 3 \1\7 See  (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.

repens.

Lappa--Trifolium B,T 20 3 \1\7 See  (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.

lappaceum.

Large hop--Trifolium B,T 20 4 \1\14 See  (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.

campestre.

Persian--Trifolium B,T 20 3 \1\7 See  (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.

resupinatum.

Red--Trifolium B,T,S 20 4 \1\7 See  (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.

pratense.

Rose--Trifolium hirtum B,T 20 4 \1\10 See  (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.

Small hop--Trifolium B,T 20 4 \1\14 See  (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.

dubium.

Strawberry--Trifolium B,T 20 3 \1\7 See  (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.

fragiferum.

Sub--Trifolium B,T 20 4 \1\14 See  (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.

subterraneum.

White--Trifolium B,T,S 20 3 \1\7 See  (b)(11)............ 15 deg. C.

repens.

Corn:

Field--Zea mays....... B,T,S,TC 20-30; 25 4 7 ........................................

Pop--Zea mays......... B,T,S,TC 20-30; 25 4 7 ........................................

Cotton--Gossypium spp..... B,T,S 20-30; 30 4 \1\12 ......................... Test by alternate method; see  (b)(5).

Cowpea--Vigna unguiculata B,T,S 20-30 5 \1\8 ........................................

subsp. unguiculata.

Crambe--Crambe abyssinica. T 25 3 7 ........................................

Crested dogtail--Cynosurus P 20-30 10 21 Light.................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 3

cristatus. days.

Crotalaria:

Lance--Crotalaria B,T,S 20-30 4 \1\10

lanceolata.

Showy--Crotalaria B,T,S 20-30 4 \1\10

spectabilis.

Slenderleaf--Crotalari B,T,S 20-30 4 \1\10

a brevidens var.

intermedia.

Striped--Crotalaria B,T,S 20-30 4 \1\10

pallida.

Sunn--Crotalaria B,T,S 20-30 4 \1\10

juncea.

Crownvetch--Coronilla B,T,S 20 7 \1\14

varia.

Dallisgrass--Paspalum P 20-35 7 21 Light; KNO3..............

dilatatum.

Dichondra--Dichondra B,T 20-30 7 \1\28

repens.

Dropseed, sand--Sporobolus P 5-35; 15-35 5 14 Light; KNO3.............. Prechill at 5 deg. C for 4 weeks; see

cryptandrus. Sec. 201.57a.

Emmer--Triticum dicoccon.. B,T,S 20; 15 4 7 ......................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5

days or predry.

Fescue:

Chewings--Festuca P 15-25 7 21 Light and KNO3 optional.. Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5

rubra subsp. days.

commutata.

Hair-Festuca P 10-25 10 28 KNO3.....................

tenuifolia.

Hard--Festuca P 15-25 7 21 Light and KNO3 optional..

trachyphylla.

Meadow--Festuca P 15-25; 20-30 5 14 Light and KNO3 optional..

pratensis.

Red--Festuca rubra P 15-25 7 21 Light and KNO3 optional..

subsp. rubra.

Sheep--Festuca ovina P 15-25 7 21 Light and KNO3 optional..

var. ovina.

Tall--Festuca P 15-25; 20-30 5 14 Light and KNO3 optional.. Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg. C for 5

arundinacea. days and test for 21 days.

Flax--Linum usitatissimum.

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