Small Business and the 97th Congress

Congressional research reportDec 6, 1982

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S M A L L B U S I N E S S AND T H E 9 7 T H C O N G R E S S

(ARCHIVED--12/06/82)

ISSUE BRIEF NUMBER IB80070

AUTHOR:

O s c a r E. S c o t t

Economics Division

T H E L I B R A R Y OF C O N G R E S S

CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE

MAJOR I S S U E S S Y S T E M

DATE ORIGINATED 08/15/80

DATE UPDATED 12/06/82

F O R A D D I T I O N A L I N F O R M A T I O N C A L L 287-5700

0118

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ISSUE DEFINITION

In 1953, Congress established the Small Business Administration (SBA) " t o

aid, counsel, assist and protect, insofar as is possible, the interests of

small business concerns in order to preserve free competitive enterprise,"

In the intervening years, the SBA has approved loans totaling more than $ 3 9 - 9

billion (all loan progams, including disaster loans, as of September 1988).

This financial a i d , coupled with management and informational assistance, has

in many instances made a n important contribution to the promotion and

development of small enterprise. Nevertheless, the small business sector of

the economy continues to have its "ups and downs,*' depending upon economic

conditions.

In recent years, the tightness of capital, especially venture

capital, skyrocketing energy costs, and the high levels of inflation,

together with the increase in interest rates and the cost of regulation, have

posed major problems for this sector.

However, the current Administation has outlined o n the broadest scale five

principal objectives in its economic recovery program; (1) substantial cuts

( 3 ) removal of

in Govternment spending; ( 2 ) companion cuts in tax rates;

excessive Government regulation; 14) development of a monetary

policy that

will rationally control the money

supply; and

(5) sure and predictable

in FY84.

Due to

these

recent

movements towards a balanced budget

developments, the current Administration has decided to reduce the budget for

practically all SBA programs.

Moreover, according to P - L . 97-35

Omnibus

Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981, the current Administration has reduced all ,

SBA lending and loan guarantees by approximately 25%. This new l a w will

(1)

increase SBA direct loan interest rates from 9 1/4% to the cost of money t o

the Government which is currently approximately 15%; ( 2 ) consolidate for the

first time, the SBA's handicapped persons, economic opportunity, solar and

energy construction, and development companies loan programs into the regular

7 ( a ) business loan program; (3) set SBA business l o a n guarantees at

9 0 % for

loans of $100,000 or less, and 70% to 9 0 % for loans over

$100,000;

(4)

eliminate any immediate future authorization and/or

appropriations

for the

SBA's nonphysical disaster loan program.

Thus, it appears as though the

current Administration wants to deemphasize Federal aid in the form of loans

and loan guarantees to the small business sector and instead offer a program

designed to improve the overall health of the economy.

The Administration

believes that most small businesses will benefit if the President's inflation

fighting plan of reductions in Government regulations, spending, and size i s

allowed to be implemented rather than

increasing

Federal

financial

assistance. Furthermore, the 97th Congress is seriously Considering several

other public policy issues concerning the role of Government in promoting

Small business.

BACKGROUND AND POLICY ANALYSIS

Traditionally, small businesses have played a major role in the economic

life of the United States.

Small businesses number 10,800,000 (not including

farms) and account for more than 98.2% of all businesses in this country.

Futhermore, according to the Small Business Administration Fact Book, small

businesses account for (a) less than 40% of the Gross National Product;

(b)

virtually all new private sector employment; and ( c ) at least 50% o f all

major

innovations.

With

its magnitude and impact, Small business i s

Considered to be among the most productive sectors of our economy.

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A small business is defined by Section 3 of

the Small Business Act of

1953, as amended P.L. 83-163 , as a firm "which is independently owned and

operated and which i s not dominant in its field of operation." In addition to

the Small Business Act criterion, the administrator of the SBA, in making a

detailed definition, may use the following criteria, among others:

number of

employees and dollar volume of business.

However, in March 1980, the SBA

decided to eliminate the dollar volume of business criterion, and instead use

only the number of employees of a business establishment to determine size

standards.

Under the old set of definitions, farmers were considered i n

small business; but under the new definition of a small business, larger

farms would be excluded from SBA programs.

In businesses where big companies

dominate--for example, oil refining, tire manufacturing, glass production,

and gypsum mining--the definition of small extends to 2,500-worker companies.

Small business in those fields might

have annual sales of hundreds of

millions of dollars; but they will still be considered small, compared t o the

large corporations that dominate the particular industry.

In fields that are

made up of small competitors, a business could have no more than 15 people o n

the payroll to qualify as small.

Gas stations, laundromats, barber

shops,

appliance stores, and photography studios, are included in that class.

each of the 726 individual industries, the SBA plans to set similar maximum

limits on the number of workers employed by small firms.

The issue of small

business size has occasioned periodic controversy, with

congressional

spokesmen questioning how large an enterprise can fairly avail itself of

Federal small business aid.

On Sept. 1 0 , 1980, the SBA asked for further

comments from the small business sector in setting new size standards for

96-481 prohibited

determining eligibility for SBA programs. Further, P.L.

any action being taken by the SBA on this new proposal until Mar.

1981.

Currently,,the SBA size standards division has written a new proposed rule o n

this issue that is t o be submitted to the SBA Administrator for his approval.

If approve8, this proposed rule will be published sometime this spring in the

Federal Register for additional comments.

Because of the importance of small business to the society, this economic

sector has long been of special interest to Congress, particularly since the

1930s.

Although no single comprehensive small business program was enacted

prior

to the early 1950s, legislation such as Section

the

Reconstruction Finance Corporation Act of 1934 and Section 13b of the Federal

Reserve Act of 1934 took special note of the small business community.

Moreover, Congress enacted the Small Business Act of 1942 and created the

Smaller War Plants Corporation to provide small business with assistance,

enabling participation in the production of goods and services in support of

the war effort.

In 1 9 5 3 , Congress provided special representation for small

business in the Federal Government with the creation of the Small Business

Since 1 9 5 3 , the SBA has developed programs t o

Administration (P.L. 83-163).

fulfill its madate t o aid small business in seven major areas. These are (1)

loans (direct, participation, and guaranteed loans); ( 2 ) aid to development

(4)

corporations;

(3)

aid to small business

investment

companies;

management counseling; (5) assistance to small firms in obtaining Government

contracts; (6) revolving lines of credit; and ( 7 ) surety bond guarantees.

However, due to this current Administration's wish to reduce Government

spending, many of these SBA functions are being reduced, with the hope that

the private sector will become more responsive to the various needs and

brief

issues confronting the small business sector.

Following

is a

description of several key issued that traditionally are rised within both

the Congress and Administration.

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Capital Formation and Retention.

Advocates of small business claim that the

inability of many small business to raise sufficient capital has posed a

serious problem not only to the health of the enterprises themselves, but for

the American economy and the free enterprice system as well.

They call for

remedial Federal aid. The rule of thumb is "the smaller the business, the

more difficult it i s to raise capita1.I' Some evidence supporting these claims

was advanced by

the National Association

of Small Business

Investment

Companies in its testimony presented a t hearings

before

the

House

Subcommittee on Access to Equity Capital and Business Opportunities on Sept.

1 3 , 1979. The Association indicated that, "Over the past 2 0 years, there has

been a steady decline i n the amount of capital that businesses are able to

retain....

This inability to retain capital i s naturally more severe for

small firms, which do not have the means to absorb the impacts of rising

costs and prices.

They are forced to look increasingly to outside sources of

The problem is that not all avenues of external funding are

financing.

open to small businesses."

Opponents of further Federal capital assistance

note the existence of substantial aid programs already in place and the

efficiency of U.S.

capital markets

in allocating

credit

worthy

enterprises.

...

This issue has received attention from both the Reagan Administration and

Congress through various Federal assistance programs and tax reform measures.

Included under the major tax reforms that a r e being considered by Congress

are several proposals that would have a direct impact o n small business.

(1) graduation and reduction of the corporate tax rate

These include

structure; ( 2 ) authorizing the creation of a new financing instrument

Small Business Participating Debenture (SBPD); ( 3 ) investment tax credit for

capital gains tax

investments in new stock issues of small businesses; ( 4 )

(6)

reduction for individuals and corporations; (5) capital gains rollover;

increasing the maximum number of shareholders permissible

for Subchapter S

Corporations, ( 7 ) accelerated and simplified depreciation tax treatment for

greacer capital cost recovery; and ( 8 ) estate tax reforms.

Some of these tax

provisions are included in P.L. 97-34.

(See legislation.)

Federal Procurement.

Another area of Legislative attention regarding

small

business is Federal procurement policies.

In the Small Business Act of 1 9 5 3 ,

Congress states that the Federal Government, a s a whole, should *insure that

a fair proportion

of...

contracts and subcontractsw be made

to small

businesses. This l a w covers the more than 60 agencies that have procurement

authority, including the Departments of Defense, Energy, and National Air and

Space Administration, which expend more than 80% o f the total Federal

procurement dollars.

While small businesses account for nearly 40% of

the

Gross Nationai Product, they receive approximately 25% of the almost $100

billion spent in Federal Government procurement.

When questioned about the

small business share, Federal procurement

spokesmen tend to stress their

responsibility to secure the best products for the best price, dependably

delivered, as a priority concern. Public Law 95-507, mandates that this

issue be examined more closely by the Administration and Congress to ensure

small businesses receive "a fair share" of Federal procurement dollars.

Innovation. According to a recent report, "Small Business and the Quality of

American Life," published by the Senate Small Business Committee, Smaller

firms (with less than 1 , 0 0 0 employees) produce innovations a t one-fourth

the

cost of large firms (over 10,000 employees).

For a number of reasons, some

relating to large systems development and manufacture, others less obvious

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UPDATE-12/06/82

and understandable, small enterprises currently receive only 3.5% of Federal

research and development funds. Since innovation in business resulting from

research and development efforts may often, on balance, spur employment,

increase potential for a higher rate of productivity and therefore reduce

inflationary forces, this issue continues to receive attention from the

Administration and Congress.

Moreover, the climate for innovation by

small companies improved in

(P.L. 96-517).

Under

November 1980, with passage of a patent reform bill

this law, small firms may retain patent rights to an invention developed

while under contract to the Federal Government.

Additionally, there is a

possibility in 1981 that there Will be a tax exemption for research and

devlopment reserves maintained by a small firm.

(For additional information

Small Business

regarding small business and innovation, see 1 . 82039

Innovation Acts.)

Federal Regulation.

Many small business spokesmen feel'that the costs of the

increased amount of Federal regulation over the past decade have weighed

disproportionately on small enterprises.

According to a Business Week

article of June 1 6 , 1980, "Easing regulatory burdens on small b u s i n e s s r W the

SBA's Advocacy Office estimates that small companies file more than 350

million Federal forms per year-totaling more than 8 5 0 million

pages--at

cost of $ 1 0 billion.

A study prepared

for the Battelle Human Affairs

Research Center estimates that regulatory

"compliance costs for small

business are proportionately 7 to 1 0 times higher than for larger companies."

" A rule that may be appropriate for a large business could be ruinous to a

small b u s i n e s s r W says Arthur J. Levitt, Jr., chairman of the White House

Conference On Small Business.

Because of this claimed unfairness toward

The Regulatory Flexibility

small business, Congress enacted P.L. 96-354

Act in September 1980. This law sets two tiers of regulation and compliance

one for large businesses and one for small firms.

Many

small

standards

business advocates feel that oversight of this law now becomes a top

The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 imposes

priority. Also, P.L. 96-511

uniform standards and eliminates overlapping agency information

collection

requirements; limits existing burdens and sets goals for reduction of Federal

1 , 1983).

paperwork burdens (15% by Oct. 1 , 1982, and a further 10% by Oct.

In addition, the current Administration is reviewing existing and proposed

regulations to make them more cost efficient.

Executive oreder 12291

requires that in writing a rule, an agency maximize net benefits to society.

This means that agencies have to compare, through

cost benefit

analysis,

different proposals that can achive the same regulatory goal.

Skeptics of

proposals to sharply and seiectively reduce the regulatory burden

on small

business argue that because

small business affects so vast a share of

American employees and consumers, regulation and enforcement to ensure

health, safety, and fair business practices can be reduced only

substantial risk.

Trade. The U.S. Department of Commerce estimates there are 20,000 U.S.

companies (18,000 of these are Considered

small firms) that could export

For example, small

successfully but have not done so for various reasons.

businesses often lack the necessary funds to invest in market development

abroad.

Generally, they do not have the necessary expertise to master

customs documents and carry out the details of shipping and marketing

foreign countries.

In addition, financial risk caused by wide currency

fluctuations and by foreign customers' slow payment for goods received can be

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an enormous problem for small businesses.

To alleviate these as well a s other obstacles confronting

small firms

96-481 the Small

interested in international trade, Congress enacted P.L.

Business Export Expansion Act of 1980 on October 2 1 , 1980. This law States

that a strong export policy is essential to the health of the U.S.

economy

and that it is the National interest to promote

systematically

and

consistently and encourage small business participation

in international

markets.

Public Law 96-481 directs the Department of Commerce and the SBA to

provide educational and marketing assistance and to improve access to export

information and assistance for small businesses.

Additionally, because of

the additional capital requirements imposed on small firms wanting to expand

into export markets, a revolving line of credit for export purposes has been

implemented within SBA.

The SBk has also established a

Office

International Trade which is targeting its efforts on areas that have the

manufacturing capacity, export facilities, and product types that will yield

Moreover,

significant increases in exports in a short period of time.

Congress is currently considering legislation that would permit banks to

establish export trading companies, authorize the Export-Import Bank

establish a program of guarantees for accounts receivable and inventory held

by such export trading companies, and provide exemptions from antitrust laws

for export trading companies.

LEGISLATION

P.L.

97-25, H.R.

Cash Discount Act

Title I: Cash Discounts

Amends the Truth in

Lending Act to stipulate that any discount (currently, discounts up to five

percent) offered by sellers from the "regular pricew to induce payment by

cash or other means not involving open-end credit plans or credit cards shall

Voids any rule of the Board of Governors of

not constitute a finance charge.

the Federal Reserve System promulgated under the current provision.

Extends the termination of

Title 11: Ban on Credit Card Surcharges

prohibition against credit card surcharges from Feb.

27, 1981

Feb.

the

27,

Directs the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System to report to

the Congressional banking committees within two years of enactment on the

effect of charge card transactions upon card issuers, merchants, and

consumers.

Makes a technical amendment providing that

Title 111:

Miscellaneous

creditors who elect to comply with the Truth in Lending Simplification Act of

such

Apr. 1, 1 9 8 1 , are subject to the amended civil liability provisions of

Act.

Permits any national banking association which, on the date of enactment,

holds title to real estate which i t carried on its books at a nominal rate on

Dec. 3 1 , 1979, to continue to hold such real estate until Dec. 3 1 , 1982, if

the earnings from such real estate are disclosed separately in its financial

statements.

P.L.

97-34, H.R.

4242

Amends the Internal Revenue Code tc reduce individual and corporate income

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Provides certain tax benefits f o r

taxes.

Revises t h e d e p r e c i a t i o n system.

individual savings.

Reduces t h e e s t a t e and g i f t t a x e s .

Provides c e r t a i n tax

i n c e n t i v e s f o r energy development.

Sets forth certain provisions relating t o

t a x a d m i n i s t r a t i o n and S t a t e unemployment f u n d s .

In addition,

a number

i n c l u a i n g some t h a t

p r o v i s i o n s of t h i s law w i l l i n f l u e n c e s m a l l b u s i n e s s ,

w e r e s p e c i f i c a l l y e n a c t e d t o b e n e f i t small b u s i n e s s a n d o t h e r s t h a t i n f l u e n c e

with

a wider range of businesses.

The m o s t n o t a b l e p r o v i s i o n s o f P . L . 97-34

r e s p e c t t o small b u s i n e s s t a x a t i o n a r e t h e d e c r e a s e s i n i n c o m e t a x r a t e s a n d

13,

t h e A c c e l e r a t e d C o s t R e c o v e r y S y s t e m (ARCRS). S i g n e d i n t o law o n Aug.

1981.

S e t s f o r t h changes i n e x i s t i n g laws within t h e j u r i s d i c t i o n

specified

Congressional committees s u f f i c i e n t t o reduce a p p r o p r i a t i o n s f o r programs

a u t h o r i z e d by s u c h c o m m i t t e e s s o a s t o a c h i e v e s p e c i f i e d s a v i n g s i n b u d g e t

a u t h o r i t y and o u t l a y s p u r s u a n t t o t h e f i r s t c o n c u r r e n t r e s o l u t i o n on t h e

b u d g e t f o r FY82.

A d d i t i o n a l l y , w i t h r e s p e c t t o small B u s i n e s s P . L . 9 7 - 3 5 h a s

s p e c i f i c a l l y r e d u c e d a l l SBA l e n d i n g a n d l o a n g u a r a n t e e s by a p p r o x i m a t e l y

2 5 % . F u r t h e r m o r e , t h i s new l a w w i l l (1) i n c r e a s e SBA d i r e c t l o a n i n t e r e s t

r a t e s f r o m 9 1 / 4 % t o t h e c o s t o f money t o t h e G o v e r n m e n t

(currently

appr0Ximately 1 5 % ) ; ( 2 ) c o n s o l i d a t e f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e , t h e SBAfs h a n d i c a p p e d

p e r s o n s , economic o p p o r t u n i t y , s o l a r and e n e r g y c o n s t r u c t i o n , and development

companies l o a n programs i n t o t h e r e g u l a r 7 ( a ) b u s i n e s s l o a n program; ( 3 ) s e t

SBA b u s i n e s s l o a n g u a r a n t e e s a t 90% f o r l o a n s of $100,000 o r l e s s a n d 70% t o

9 0 % f o r l o a n s o v e r Sf00,OOO; ( 4 ) e l i m i a t e a n y i m m e d i a t e f u t u r e a u t h o r i z a t i o n

a n d / o r a p p r o p r i a t i o n s f o r t h e SBA's n o n p h y s i c a l

disaster program.

Signed

i n t o l a w on Aug. 1 3 , 1 9 8 1 .

P.L.

97-45,

H.R.

2120

"risk retention

P r o d u c t L i a b i l i t y R i s k R e t e n t i o n Act of 1981 - D e f i n e s

g r o u p w t o mean a n y c o r p o r a t i o n o r i n s u r a n c e c o m p a n y f o r m e d u n d e r S t a t e l a w

shich:

(1) i s o r g a n i z e d f o r t h e p r i m a r y p u r p o s e of

assuming and s p r e a d i n g

product l i a b i l i t y o r completed operations l i a b i l i t y r i s k exposure;

(2)

c h a r t e r e d a s a n i n s u r a n c e company u n d e r S t a t e l a w ;

(3)

does not

exclude

members f o r c o m p e t i t i v e a d v a n t a g e ;

and

(4)

c o n s i s t s of

members whose

distribution,

packaging,

p r i n c i p a l a c t i v i t y i s t h e manufacture, design,

s a l e of a p r o d u c t .

D e f i n e s " p u r c h a s i n g g r o u p n t o mean a n y g r o u p o f p e r s o n s w h i c h has a s o n e

of i t s purposes t h e purchase of p r o d u c t

l i a b i l i t y o r completed o p e r a t i o n s

i n s u r a n c e on a g r o u p b a s i s .

E x e m p t s r i s k r e t e n t i o n g r o u p s a n d p u r c h a s i n g g r o u p s f r o m S t a t e laws

p r o h i b i t , r e g u l a t e , or otherwise discriminate a g a i n s t such groups.

which

E n u m e r a t e s r e q u i r e m e n t s W h i c h a S t a t e may i m p o s e o n a r i s k r e t e n t i o n

group, including compliance w i t h u n f a i r claims s e t t l e m e n t p r a c t i c e s ,

payment

of t a x e s , and r e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s .

Authorizes a S t a t e t o l i c e n s e an agent o r broker f o r a purchasing group.

members i n a r i s k r e t e n t i o n

S t i p u l a t e s t h a t t h e ownership i n t e r s t s of

g r o u p s h a l l n o t g e n e r a l l y be c o n s i d e r e d s e c u r i t i e s f o r t h e p u r p o s e s o f

the

Federal s e c u r i t i e s laws, except with respect t o c e r t a i n a n t i f r a u d provisions.

E x e m p t s s u d h i n t e r e s t s f r o m t h e I n v e s t m e n t Company A c t o f 1 9 4 0 a n d S t a t e b l u e

sky laws.

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Prompt Payment Act

Requires Federal agencies to pay interest penalties

on overdue payments to businesses for property or services

(excluding

disputed payments).

Requires the Office of Management and Budget

(OMB) to

prescribe required payment dates, including specified payment dates for meat

food products and perishable agricultural commodities.

Specifies procedures for computing such penalties.

pay any interest penalty out of funds made available

which the penalty was incurred.

Directs an agency to

for the program for

Authorizes Federal grant recipients'to provide for the payment of interest

penalties on overdue payments on their procurement contracts, except that

Federal funds shall not be used to pay such penalties.

Entitles a n agency to an early payment discount offered by a business only

if payment is made within the prescribed time. Requires a n agency to pay a n

interest penalty on any amount overdue.

Permits contractors to file claims under the Contract Disputes Act of 1 9 7 8

for the payment of interest penalties: (1) after such a claim is filed; or

(2) for more than one year.

Directs each agency to report to OMB annually on interest penalty payments

Requires OMB to report

specified

made during the fiscal year.

congressional committees on agency compliance with this Act.

Subjects the Tennessee Valley Authority to the provisions of this Act, but

not to regulations promulgated pursuant to this Act.

P.L. 97-219, S. 881

Small Business Innovation Development Act of 1982 - Amends the Small

Business Act to direct the small Business Administration

(SBA) to;

(1)

maintain an information program to provide small businesses an opportunity to

participate in Federal small business innovation research

(SBIR) programs;

(2) coordinate a schedule for release of agency SBIR

solicitations and

prepare a master release schedule; (3) monitor SBIR programs within Federal

(4) report annually to the congressional Small Business

agencies; and

Committees on the SBIR programs.

Excludes agencies within the Intelligence community from the term "Federal

agencyu for purposes of this Act.

Requires each Federal agency with a n extramural research and development

budget (total obligations minus amou.nts obligated for agency activities in or

through Government-owned and Government-operated facilities) in excess of

$100,000,000 or in excess of $10,000,000,000 for FY82 or any subsequent

fiscal year to spend a specified percentage of its budget each fiscal year,

Excludes amounts

beginning in FY83, in connection with an SBIR program.

appropriated for atomic energy defense programs from the research and

the

development budget of the Department of Energy for purposes of

requirements under this Act. Requires each Federal agency with a research

and development budget in excess of $20,000,000 for FY83 or any subsequent

fiscal year to establish goals specifically for funding research and

development agreements with small businesses.

Directs each Federal agency

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UPDATE-12/06/82

with a n SBIR program to report annually to the SMA the number of awards over

$10,000 made under the SBIR program and to concerns other than small business

concerns.

Directs the SBA to issue policy directives for the conduct

programs.

Requires the Director of the Office of Science and

independently monitor, and report a t least annually

Small Business Committees on, SBIR programs.

the

SSBIR

Technology Policy to

to the congressional

Provides for the repeal of the amendments made by this Act on

1988.

October

Requires the Comptroller General to report to Congress within five years

after the enactment of this Act on the implementation of, and the nature of

the research conducted under, this Act.

H.R.

2998 (Mitchell, P.)

Amends the Small Business Act to modify the restrictions and limitations

governing loans made by the Small Business Administration

(SBA).

Repeals

provisions authorizing trade adjustment loans, loans to small businesses i n ,

high unemployment and low income areas, and loans for solar energy and energy

conservation measures. Repeals authorizations of appropriations for SBA

programs, salaries, and expenses.

Introduced April 2, 1981; referred t o

Small Business.

H.R.

3423 (Edgar, et al.)

Authorizes educational assistance for Vietnam-era veterans determined t o

be in need of vocational training. Permits the Administrator of Veterans'

Affairs to provide financial assistance to a small business concern which i s

at least 51% owned by veterans of the Vietnam-era

or disabled veterans.

Extends the veterans' readjustment appointments in the civil service program

for two additional years. Introduced May 5, 1981; referred to Veteran's

Affairs.

H.R. 4343 (Smith, N. et al.)

Small Business Innovation and Research Act of 1981

Amends the Small

Business Act to require the Small Business Administration

(SBA) to assist

small businesses in obtaining Government contracts for

research

and

development.

Requires each Federal agency with a research and development budget of a t

least $100,000 in fiscal year 1982 or any subsequent fiscal year to conduct a

small business innovation research

(SBIR) program during such

years.

Requires each agency which conducts an SBIR programs.

Requires each such

agency to identify categories of research and development controls which

shall be the basis for contracts under the agency's SBIR program and

promulgate regulations which provide for simplified, standardized SBIR

solicitation, funding, and reporting processes.

Directs the Administrator of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy t o

promulgate regulations for the general conduct of SBIR programs.

Requires

each agency which conducts an SBIR program to report to the SBA the number of

research and development contracts over $10,000 in amount made under the SBIR

CRS- 9

IB80070

UPDATE-~~/O~/

program and to concerns other than small business concerns.

Directs the SBA to independently monitor, and report annually to the

Congressional Small Business Committees o n , the Federal SBIR programs.

Introduced July 30, 1981.

H.R.

4459 (Mitchell, P.)

Extends through fiscal year 1 9 8 2 the programs established by

Business Act under which government procurement contracts a r e set

small businesses.

the Small

aside for

Extends through giscal year 1 9 8 2 the programs

established by

Business Act under which government procurement contracts are set

small businesses.

Introduced Sept. 1 0 , 1981.

the Small

aside for

S. 326 (Metzenbaum, et al.)

Makes it Unlawful for a refiner, other than an independent or small

Makes

it unlawful

refiner, to operate a gas station in the United States.

for a supplier to practice price discimination in the sale of motor fuel.

Introduced Jan. 2 9 , 1981; referred to Senate Judiciary.

S. 7 3 4 (Heinz, et al.)

Seeks to promote export trading companies.

Permits banking organizations

to invest in such companies. Authorizes the Export-Import

Bank to provide

loan guarantees to such companies.

Amends the Webb-Pomerene

Act to exempt

such companies and export trade associations from antitrust restrictions.

Authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to make grants to subsidize the

firms.

employment of export managers by certain small business manufacturing

Directs the Secretary to establish an office within the Department to promote

export trade associations.

Introduced Mar.

1 8 , 1981; referred to Senate

Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs.

S. 868 (Heinz et al.)

Amends the Export-Import Bank

Competitive Export Financing Act of 1981

Act of 1945 to direct the export-import bank t o adopt export finance programs

comparable in structure to those extraordinary measures of official export

credits offered by competing countries, until such financing is limited by

international agreements.

Authorizes appropriations for such programs.

Requires the Bank to report annually to Congress on whether

any additional

funds are necessary to carry out this Act.

Sets the effective date of this

Act.

Introduced Apr. 2 , 1981.

S. 1276 (Durenberger et al.)

Amends the Internal Revenue Code to permit a domestic trade

whose equity capital does not exceed $25,000,000 to reduce the

portion of excess inventory items held for more than 1 2 months.

or business

value of a

of accounting

Permits a taxpayer who is required to change his method

pursuant to Revenue Ruling 80-60 (inventory valuation) and Revenue Procedure

80-5 to effect such a change only for taxable years beginning after December

31, 1980.

Introduced May 21, 1981.

S. 1620 (Weicker)

Amends the Small Business Act

prohibit

the

Small

Business

Administration from entering into government procurement contracts set aside

for small businesses under such Act after Mar. 31, 1983 (currently the small

30, 1981). Requires the President

business set-aside program ends on Sept.

the agency with

to designate within 60 days of the enactment of this Act

Which such con.tracts shall be made.

Introduced Sept. 1 5 , 1981; referred to

Small Business Committee.

S. 1947 (Weicker et al.)

Amends the Small Business Act to require procuring agencies to wait a

specified amount of time before issuing solicitations for procurement actions

or foreclosing competition under procurement actions.

Introduced Dec.

11,

1981; referred to Small Business Committee.

HEARINGS

U.S.

Congress. House.

Committee on Banking.

Finance and Urban Affairs.

Grassroots hearings o n the economy.

Hearings, 97th Cong., 1 s t sess.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981.

3 v.

Subcommittee on Domestic Monetary Policy.

Present and future

conditions of creeit markets:

their impact on local

economies and employment.

Hearing, 97th Cong., 2d sess.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1982.

2 v.

Hearings on part 4, Dec. 21, -1981 (Indianapolis, Ind.)

and part 5 , Feb. 1 8 , 1982 (Pennsylvania Avenue Baptist

Church, Washington, D . C . ) .

----- Committee on Energy and Commerce.

Subcommittee on

Telecommunications, Consumer Protection, and Finance.

Access to

capital by small business.

Hearings, 97th Cong., 1 s t sess.

July

1 7 , 1981. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981.

1 1 2 p.

"Serial no. 97-52"

----- Committee on Government Operations.

Commerce, Consumer, and Monetary Affairs Subcommittee.

Problems with Small Business Administration financial

assistance to franchises.

Hearings, 97th Congress

1st session, May 1 9 and 20, 1981. Washington, U.S. Govt.

Print. Off., 1981. 657 p.

----- Major problems with SBA's section 8(a) program for disadvantaged

small businesses.

Hearing, 97th Cong., 1st sess.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981.

815 p.

Mar. 28, 1981.

----- Legislation and National Security Subcommittee.

Impact of Small Business Administration's

section 8(a) program on Federal ADP and other high technology

procurements.

Hearings, 97th Cong., 1st sess. Apr. 7 and 2 9 ,

1981. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981.

410 p.

----- Committee on Science and Technology.

Subcommittee o n

Investigations and Oversight.

Small, high technology firms,

inventors and innovation. Hearings, 97th Cong., 1 s t sess.

July

21-22, 1981. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981.

4 4 1 p.

U.S.

Congress.

House.

Committee on small Business. Small

and minority business in the decade of the 80's (Part 2).

Hearings, 97th Cong., 1st sess. Washington, U.S. Govt.

Print. Off., 1981. 382 p.

Hearings held in Phoenix, Ariz., Sept. 1 , 1981 and

Atlanta, Jan. 1 8 , 1982.

----- Small and minority business in the decade of the 80's

(Part 3).

Hearing, 97th Cong., 2d sess. Washington, U.S.

Govt. Print. Off., 1982. 1 6 5 p.

Hearing held in Philadelphia, Pa., Mar. 15, 1982.

----- Impact of Federal Reserve's policies on small business.

Joint

hearing before the Committee on Small Business and the Subcommittee

on T a x , Access to Equity Capital and Business Opportunities of the

Committee on Small Business, House of Representatives, 97th Cong.,

1st sess. Apr. 7 , 1981. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981.

32 p.

----- Small and minority business in the decade of the 80's (part 1).

Hearings, 97th Cong., 1st sess.

Washington, U,S. Govt. Print. Off.,

1981.

340 p.

Hearings held in Los Angeles, 'July 7 and Chicago, July 18, 1981.

----- Trade Association meetings.

Hearings, 97th Cong., 1st sess.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1982.

9 1 p.

Hearings held Feb. 23 and Sept. 1 6 , 1981.

----- Subcommittee on Antitrust and Restraint of

Trade Activities Affecting Small Business.

Competition in the computer and data processing industry and its

effect on small business.

Hearing, 97th Cong., 1st sess.

May 7 , 1981. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981.

360 p.

----- Conrail changes and their impact o n small business.

Cong., 1st sess. June 9,and 1 1 , 1981.

Off., 1981. 1 1 4 p.

Hearings, 97th

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print.

----- High interest rates and their impact on small business.

Hearings,

97th Cong., 1st sess. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981.

181 p.

Hearings held in Cincinnati, Ohio, Oct. 3 ; Youngstown, Ohio,

Oct. 5; and Omaha, Neb., Oct. 8 , 1981.

U.S.

Congress. House.

Committee on Small Business.

Subcommittee

on Energy, Environment, and Safety Issues Affecting Small

Business.

Energy conservation and small businesses.

Hearing, 97th Cong., 1st sess. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print.

Off., 1982. 1 4 7 p.

Hearing held in Salem, Mass., Oct. 1 9 , 1981.

----- H.R. 1362 -- Small business Motor Fuel Marketer

Preservation Act of 1981.

Mar. 31 and Apr. 1 , 1981.

1981. 787 p.

Hearings, 97th Congress, 1st session.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,

----- Subcommittee on General Oversight.

Impact of the Reagan economic

Hearing, 97th Cong., 1st sess. May 1 9 ,

program on small business.

1981. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981. 87 p.

----- Small business and the Federal procurement system.

Cong., 1 s t sess. Washington, U.S.

Hearings held June 18-25, 1981.

Hearings, 97th

Govt. Print. Off., 1981.

721 p.

----- SBA 8(a) pilot program.

Sept. 22, 1981.

Hearing, 97th Cong., 1st sess.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981.

----- SBA legislation and programs (part 2).

sess. June 3 , 1981.

709 p.

Washington, U.S.

1 3 3 p.

Hearing, 97th Cong., 1 s t

Govt. Print. Off., 1981.

----- Small Business Administration's 8(a) program.

Hearings, 97th Cong.,

1st sess.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981. 214 p.

Hearing held Hay 21-June 1 0 , 1981.

U.S.

Congress.

House.

Committee on Small Business.

Subcommittee on Tax, Access to Equity Capital and Business

Opportunities.

H.R. 5302, Small Business Venture Capital

Act of 1981.

Hearing, 97th Cong., 2 6 sess. Mar. 24, 1982.

89 p.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1982.

----- Impact of estate and gift taxation

on capital formation.

Hearings, 97th Congress,

1st session.

June 16 and 1 7 , 1981. Washington, U.S.

Govt. Print. Off., 1981.

270 p.

----- Impact of estate and gift taxation o n capital formation.

Hearings, 97th Gong., 1st sess. June 16-17, 1981.

U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981.

270 p.

Washington,

----- impact of high interest rates on small business capital

formation.

Part I. Hearing, 97th Cong., 1st sess.

Oct. 1 5 ,

1981.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1982.

355 p.

Part 11. Feb. 2 4 , 1982. 5 4 p.

----- Job creation and the revitalization of small business capital

formation. Hearing, 97th Cong., 1 s t sess. Oct 1 5 , 1981.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1982.

355 p.

----- Job creation and the revitalization of small business.

Hearings, 97th Cong., 1st sess. Washington, U.S. Govt.

Print. Off., 1981. 4 2 7 p.

Hearings held in Washington, D.C., Sept. 15-Oct. 1 4 , 1981.

----- Proposed administration tax Subcommittee on Tax, Access to

Equity Capital and cuts and their effec on small business.

Hearings, 97th Congress, 1st session.

Mar. 25-Apr. 2 ,

1981. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print.

Off., 1981.

4 5 6 p.

----- Safe habor leasing.

1982.

Hearing, 97th Cong., 26 sess.

Feb. 25,

1 5 3 p.

----- Committee on Veteranst Affairs.

and Investigations.

Subcommittee on Oversight

Small business loans to

veterans.

Hearing, 97th Congress, 1st session. Mar. 3 9 ,

1981. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981.

75 p.

----- Subcommittee on Hospitals and Health Care.

H.R. 4326

small

Business Innovation Act of 1981. Hearing, 97th Cong., 2 6 sess.

Jan. 2 7 , 1982.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1982.

103 p .

"Serial no. 97-49"

----- Joint Economic Subcommittee on Monetary and Fiscal Policy.

Enterprise zones: the concept.

Hearing.

Part 1. Oct. 23, 1981. Washington, U.S.

332 p.

97th Cong., 1st sess.

Govt. Print. Off., 1982.

----- U.S.

Congress.

Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban

Affairs. Federal Reserve Board membership and structure. Hearing,

97th Cong., 1st sess., on S.Res. 209; S.Res. 247; S.Con.Res. 40;

S. 979; S. 1609; S. 1691; and S. 1859. Dec. 7 , 1981. Washington,

U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1982. 6 0 p.

"97-43"

-----

Committee on Commerce, Science, and

Transportation.

Subcommittee on Business, Trade, and Tourism.

Effect of non-tariff barriers on small business exports.

Hearing, 97th Congress, 1st session. Feb. 27, 1981.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981. 4 6 p.

"Serial no. 97-22"

Committee on Finance.

Subcommittee

on Savings, Pensions, and Investment Policy.

Urban

enterprise zones. Hearing, 97th Congress, 1st session.

on S. 1310. July 13 and 1 6 , 1981. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print.

Off., 1981. 319 p.

----- Subcommittee on Taxation and Debt Management.

1981-82 miscellaneous tax bills IX. Hearing, 97th

Sept.

Cong., 1 s t sess., on S. 578, S. 768, S. 1276, S. 1472.

25, 1981. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981. 237 p.

----- Subcommittee on Limitations of Contracted and Delegated Authority.

Nomination of Frank S. Swain to be Chief Counsel for Advocacy of

the Small Business Administration.

Hearing, 97th COng., 1st sess.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981.

75 p.

----- Small and minority business in the decade of the 80's

(part 3).

Hearing, 97th Cong., 2d sess. Washington, U.S.

Govt. Print. Off., 1982. 165 p.

Hearing held in Philadelphia, Pa., Mar. 15, 1982.

U.S.

Congress.

Senate.

Committee on Small Business.

Hearing, 97th Cong., 2 6 sess.

Mar. 2 , 1982. Washington, U.S.

Govt. Print. Off., 1982. 236 p.

----- Small Business Administration's surety bond guarantee

program.

Hearing, 97th Cong., 2 6 sess. Mar. 1 1 , 1982.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1982. 547 p.

----- The role of small business in the nation's economic recovery.

Hearing, 97th Cong., 1st sess.

Print. Off., 1981. 207 p.

----- The state of small business:

Hearing, 97th Cong., 26 sess.

U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1982.

Mar. 9, 1981.

Washington, U.S.

Govt.

a report of the President.

Mar. 3 1 , 1982. Washington,

9 8 p.

----- To review SBA's budget authorization for fiscal year 1983.

Hearing, 97th Cong., 26 sess.

U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1982.

Feb. 2 3 , 1982.

187 p.

Washington,

----- Small Business Administration's

contracting procedures.

Hearings, 97th Congress, 1st session.

Apr. 27 and 28, 1981.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,

1981.

306 p.

----- SBA's disaster loan programs and other cost-saving proposals.

Hearing, 97th Cong., 1st sess.

Print. Off., 1981. 1 3 4 p.

Mar. 9 , 1981.

Washington, U.S.

----- Small Business Administration's direct loan programs.

97th Cong., 1 s t sess.

Off., 1982. 86 p.

Oct. 27, 1981.

Washington, U.S.

----- Small Business Administration 8(a) pilot program.

Cong., 1st sess.

Jan. 23, 1981.

Off., 1981. 84 p.

Washington, U.S.

Govt.

Hearing,

Govt. Print.

Hearing, 97th

Govt. Print.

----- Small Business Administration's size standards.

Congress, 1 s t session.

May 5 , 1981.

Govt. Print. Off., 1981. 4 5 7 p.

Hearing, 97th

Washington, U.S.

----- small Business Administration 8(a) pilot program.

97th Congress, 1 s t Session.

Jan. 23, 1981.

84 p.

U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981.

Hearing,

Washington,

----- To consider and report to the Senate Budget Committee

recommendations for small business administration programs.

Hearing, 97th Cong., 1st session.

Mar. 1 3 , 1981.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981.

53 p.

----- Subcommittee o n Innovation and Technology.

S. 881, the

Small Business Innovation Research Act of 1981. Hearings,

97th Congress, 1 s t session, June 30-July 2 4 , 1981.

Washington,

U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981, 4 3 6 p.

----- Subcommittee o n Advocacy and the Future of Small Business.

Government Competition with small business.

Hearings, 97th Cong.,

1st Jess.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print Off., 1981.

5 6 4 p.

----- TO consider S. 1947, a bill to improve small business access

to Federal procurement information and small business

utilization of the commerce business daily.

Hearings, 97th

Cong., 2d sess.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1982.

206 p.

Hearings held in San Diego, Calif., Feb. 1 7 , 1982 and

Washington, D.C., Mar. 4.

----- Subcommittee on Government Procurement.

The impact of the

Davis-Bacon threshold on small business construction contractors.

Hearing, 99th Cong., 26 sess. Feb. 2, 1982. Washington, U.S.

Govt. Print. Off., 1982.

243 p.

----- Subcommittee on Innovation and Technology.

S. 8 8 1 , the Small

Business Innovation Research Act of 1981. Hearing, 97th Cong.,

1st sess., on S. 881. May 1 3 , 1981. Washington, U.S. Govt.

Print. Off., 1981. 111 p.

----- S. 8 8 1 , the Small Business Innovation Research Act of 1981.

Hearings, 97th Cong., 1st sess., on S. 881.

Print. Off., 1981. 436 p.

Washington, U.S.

Govt.

----- Subcommittee on Productivity and Competition.

The effects

which ERISA and MPPRA have had on the competitiveness of

small business.

Hearing, 97th Congress, 1st session.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981.

384 p.

Hearing held in Seattle, Wash., Aug. 1 4 , 1981.

----- Subcommittee on Urban and Rural Economic Development.

Tax-exempt

industrial development bonds.

Hearing, 99th Cong., 1st sess.

297 p.

Oct. 5 , 1981. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981.

REPORTS AND CONGRESSIONAL DOCUMENTS

U.S.

Bureau of Industrial Economics.

The role of small business

enterprise in economic development; a study prepared for the use of

the Joint Economic Committee. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,

1981. 3 1 p.

At head of title:

97th Cong., 1st sess. Joint committee print.

----- 1981 U.S. industrial outlook for 200 industries

with P r o j e C t i o n ~for 1985. Washington, for

Sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,

554 p.

1981.

U.S.

Comptroller General.

Employee stock ownership plans:

who benefits

most in closely held companies?; report to the Committee on Finance,

United States Senate. Washington, 1980.

52 p.

U.S.

Congress.

House.

Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban

Affaris.

Subcommittee on Domestic Monetary Policy.

The

impact of Federal deficits on credit conditions and on the

economy; Chairman's report for the Subcommittee on Domestic

Monetary Policy of the Committee on Banking, Finance and

Urban Arrairs, House of Representatives.

At head of title: Committee print 97-13.

----- Conference Committees, 1980.

Small Business Development

Act of 1980; conference report to accompany S. 2698. Washington,

U.S. Govt. print. Off., 1980. 48 p.

----- Conference Committees, 1981.

Economic Recovery Tax Act of

1981; conference report to accompany H.R. 4242. Washington,

U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981. 292 p.

(97th Congress, 1 s t

session.

Senate. Report no. 97-176)

----- Committee on Armed Services.

Small Business Innovation

Development Act of 1981; report to accompany H.R. 4326 including

cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office.

Washington,

U.S. Govt. Print. Off.

1982.

14 p.

(97th Cong., 2d sess.

House.

Report no. 97-349, part 6)

----- Committee on House Administration.

T o provide

funds for the expenses of investigations and studies to be

conducted by the Committee on Small Business; report to accompany

H. Res. 556. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1980. 5 p.

----- Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries.

Small Business Act

Amendments; report to accompany H.R. 6626, including cost

estimate of the Congressional Budget Office.

Washington,

7 p.

U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1980.

----- Committee on Science and Technology.

Small Business Innovation

Development Act; report together with additional views to

accompany H.R. 4326 including cost estimate of the Congressional

41 p.

Budget Office.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off.

1982.

(97th Cong., 2d sess. House.

Report no. 97-349, part 4)

----- Subcommittee on Investigations and

Oversight.

Small, high technology firms

and innovations.

96th Congress, 2d Session.

64 p.

U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1980.

Washington,

U.S.

Congress.

House.

Committee on Small Business.

Amending

the Small Business Act and the Small Business Investment Act

of 1958; report to accompany H.R. 6068. Washington, U.S.

(97th Cong., 26 sess.

Govt. Print. Off., 1982. 52 p.

Report no. 97-564)

U.S.

Congress.

House.

Committee on Small Business.

implementation study of the SBA's energy loan program.

27 p.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1982.

At head of title:

97th Cong., 2d sess. Committee print.

----- Capital formation and retention; report.

Govt. Print. Off., 1980.

Washington, U.S.

33 p.

----- Development company debentures; report to accompany H.R.

7289, including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1980. 7 p.

----- Facilitating the operations of the Small Business Administration

Chief Counsel for Advocacy; report to accompany H.R. 7298, which

on May 7 , 1980, was referred jointly to the Committee on Small

Businss and the Committee on Post Office and IVIL Service,

inclding cost estimate of the CONGRESSIONAL Budget Office.

Washington, U.S. Govt. PRINT. Off., 1980. 6 p.

Job creation and the revitalization of small business; a report.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1982.

30 p.

(97th Cong.,

2d sess.

House.

Report no. 97-434)

----- Judicial access by small business; report to accompany H.R.

5103, which on August 2, 1979, was referred to the Committee on

the Judiciary and the Committee on Small Business, including cost

estimate of the Congressional Budget Office. Washington, U.S.

Govt. Print. Off., 1980 51 p.

----- Miscellaneous small businss amendments; report to accompany H.R.

7297, including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office.

8 p.

Washingotn, U.S. Gsvt. Print. Off., 1980.

----- Proposed size stnadards compared with existing size standards

applicable to SBA programs.

1980. 9 4 p.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,

----- Section 8(a) pilot program extension; report to accompany H.R.

5612, including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office.

Washington, U.S. Govt. rint. Off., 1980.

PO p.

Section 8(a) pilot program extensions; report together with additional

views to accompany H.R. 4500 including cost estimate of the

Congressional Budget Office.

Washington

1981.

18 p - (97th Cong.,

1st sess. House.

Report no. 97-304)

Small Business Budget Reconciliation and Loan C o n s o l i d a t i o n / I m p r o v e m e n t

Act of 1981; report to accompany H.R. 2998.

Washington, U.S. Govt.

Print. Off.

1981. 108 p.

(97th Cong., 1st sess. House.

Report

no. 97-150)

----- Small Business Development Center Act of 1980; report to accompany

H.R. 7250, including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget

Office. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1980. 15 p .

----- Small Business Employee Ownership Act of 1980; report to accompany

H.R. 7259, including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget

Office. WSHINgton, U.S. Govt. rint. Off., 1980. 1 2 p.

---a-

Small Business Equal Access to Justice Act; report together with

additional views.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1980. 29 p.

----- Small business/labor surplus; report to accompany H.R. 7288,

including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1980.

7 p.

----- Small business size standards.

Off., 1980.

Washington, U.S.

Govt. Print.

7 4 p.

----- Summary of SBA programs.

1981.

35 p.

Washington.

U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,

97th Congress, 1st session.

Committee print.

Committee on Ways and Means.

Subcommittee on Oversight.

Report on

tax-exempt "small isuen industrial revenue bonds. Washington,

U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981.

25 p.

At head of title: 97th Cong., 1st sess. Committee print.

WMCP 97-12.

----- Joint Committee on Taxation.

Description of tax bills relating

to capital formation incentives for small business listed for

a hearing before the Subcommittee on Taxation and Debt

Management Generally of the Committee on Finance on March 2 8

and April 1 , 1980.

Washington, U.S.

Govt. Print. Off., 1980.

5 2 p.

----- Joint Economic Committee.

The 1980 joint economic report; report

together with additional views.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print.

Off., 1980.

1 1 4 p.

U.S.

Congress.

Senate. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee.

Small Business Export Expansion Act of 1980; report to accompany

S. 2620. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1980. 1 5 p.

Committee on finance. Summary of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981

as ordered reported by the Committee on Finance. United States

Prepared by the staff of the Committee on Finance,

Senate.

United States Senate. June 25, 1981. Washington, U.S. Govt.

Print. Off., 1981. 2 9 p.

At head of title:

97th COng., 1st sess. Committee print CP 97-6.

Committee on Rules and Administration.

Authorizing expenditures by the

Select Committee on Small Business; report to accompany s. Res. 34.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off.

1981. 4 p.

(97th Cong.,

1st sess.

Senate. Report no. 97-20)

Committee o n Small Business.

Small Business Administration solar

energy loan authorization; report to accompany S. 2224.

Washington, U.S. Gov. Print. Off., 1980.

8 p.

----- Small Business Venture Capital Act of 1982; report to

accompany S. 2408. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off. 1982.

28 p.

(97th Cong.. 2d sess.

Senate.

Report no. 97-400)

----- Executive summary; report on the Small Business Administration's

Size standards, based on a hearing before the Committee of Hay 5 ,

1981. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981. 9 p.

At head of title: 97th Cong., 1st sess.

Committee print.

----- First meeting of the Committee on Small Business, United States

Senate, with members of the Committee's National Advisory Council.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981.

23 p.

At head of title: 97th Cong., 1st sess. Committee print.

----- Handbook for small busines; a survey of small business programs

of the Federal Government.

1980. 225 p.

Washington, U.S.

Govt. Print. Off.,

----- Review Of the Committee's activities i n the first session of the

97th Congress.

Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1982.

220.

At head of title:

97th Cong., 2d sess.

Committee print.

_-___

Small Business Development Act of 1980; report to accompany S.

2698.

Washington, U.S.

Govt. Print. Off.,

1980.

28 p.

----- Small Business Energy Conservation Act of 1980; report to

accompany S. 2635.

1 1 p.

Washington, U.S.

Govt. rint. Off., 1980.

_ - _ _ Small

Business Export Expansion Act of 1980; report to accompany

S. 2620.

Washington, U.S.

Govt. Print. Off., 1980.

3 2 p.

----- Small Business Innovation Research Act of 1981; report together

Washington, U.S. Govt.

with additional views to accompany S. 881.

Print. Off.

1981.

33 p. (97th Cong., 1st sess. Senate. Report

no. 97-194).

----- Thirtieth annual report.

1980.

Washington, U.S.

Govt. Print. Off.,

309 p.

U.S.

Congressional Budget Office.

Conference on the economics of

papers, Apr. 10-11, 1980.

Federal credit activity:

part I 1

Washington, 1981 377 p.

U.S.

General Accounting Office.

Better management of collateral

can reduce losses in SBA's major lo.an program; report to the

Administrator, Small Business Administration.

Washington 1981.

20 p.

"CED-81-123, July 1 7 , 1981"

----- DOE'S Alcohol fuels award process resulted in questionable award

selections and limited small business sucess; report by the

Comptroller General of the United States.

Washington 1981.

"EMD-81-125, Aug. 2 1 , 1981"

24 p-

----- Misuse of S B A r s 8(a) program increased cost for many ADP equipment

acquisitions; report to the Chairman, Committee o n Government

Operations, House of Representatives, by the Comptroller General

of the United States.

Washington

1981.

1 3 , 3 p.

"AFMD-82-9, Oct. 1 6 r 1981"

----- The 8 (a) pilot program for

disadvantaged small businesses has not been effective;

report to the Congress by the Comptroller General of the

United States.

Washington 1981.

5 3 p.

llCED-81-22, Jan. 2 3 , 1981"

SBA's 7(j) management assistance program:

changes

needed to improve efficiency a n 8 effectiveness; report to the

Congress by the Comptroller General of the United States.

Washington

1981. 49 p.

11CED-81-149rSept. 2 9 , 1981"

----- S B A 1 s pilot programs to improve guaranty loan procedures

need further development; report to the Congress by the

Comptroller General of the United States. Washington 1981.

50 p.

"CED-81-25, Feb. 2 , 1981"

----- The SBA 8(a) procurement program -- a promise unfulfilled;

report to the Congress by the Comptroller General of the

United States.

Washington 1981.

7 2 p.

"CED-81-55, Apr. 8 , 1981"

----- SBA's progress in implementing the Public Law 95-507

subcontracting and surety bond waiver provisions has been

limited. Report to the Congress by the Comptroller

General.

Washington 1981. 25 p.

----- Some restructuring needed in District's contracting

program to serve minority businesses; report to the Mayor of the

District of Columbia.

Washington 1981. 51 p.

"GGD-81-68, June 24, 1981"

U.S.

Small Business Administration. Task Force on Government

Competition with Small Business. Government competition: a

threat to small business; report. Washington, 1980. 217 p.

----- Office of Chief Counsel for Advocacy.

The Regulatory

Flexibility Act:

better Federal treatment for small

entities. Washington, 1981. 2 7 p.

White House Commission on Small Busines. Americ'a's small business

economy:

agenda for action; report to 'the President. Washington.

For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1980.

1 2 8 p.

White House Conference on Small Business, Washington, D.C., 1980.

Delegate recommendations. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print.

Off., 1980. 7 7 p.

CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS

08/13/81

-- Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 was signed into

law by President Reagan (see legn).

01/13/80

-- 1,573 selected delegates came to Washington, D.C., for

5 days to attend the White House Conference on Small

Business.

The Conference, which was chaired by Arthur

Levitt, Chairman of the American Stock Exchange, did not

only identify special problems facing small businesses,

but also special problems confronting entrepreneurial

subgroups such as minorities, women, a n 8 veterans.

11/10/77

-- Extension of Aid to Minority Enterprises.

07/20/77

-- Moratorium on 8(a) Programs.

The Small

Business Administration proposed a rule change that would

authorize loans to minority-owned firms seeking to purchase

television or radio stations.

On July 20, 1977, the Small

Business Administration placed a moratorium on the 8(a)

contract programs, through which the SBA awards Government

contracts to disadvantaged businesses.

University Business Development Centers. The Agency's

newest managerial program, the University Business

Development Centers (UBDC), is a university-based concept

for the delivery of joint government, academic, and

private sector services to benefit the general economy,

small business, the university, faculty, and students.

06/00/76

-- Extension of the SBA Loan Programs to Small Farmers and

Agricultural-Related Businesses. Following the enactment

of P.L. 94-305 in June 1 9 7 6 , all SBA loan and other Prosrams

are now available to small farmers.

Call-Contracts Program (406) authorized the SBA to

place contracts With qualified individuals and businesses

to provide management and technical aid to SBA clients.

Emergency Energy Shortage Economic Injury Loans may

be made to small businesses suffering economic injury

caused by the shortage of fuels, electrical energy, or