Appendix to Appellants Brief — Kress v. Aghnides (No. 508)

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E. AGHNIDES

FLUID MIXING DEVICE

Filed April 5, 1940

April 20, 1943.

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UNITED’ STATES PATENT OFFICE

advantages not found in the ordinary water jet.

speaking, my~ in¥antioa consists’ _ and five spaced wire screens 31, 31a, 37b, 31c, and

: At the upstream ‘ce Gen gees ier tal toe oat bo

end of the chamber is an ape diaphragm 20 livered from the outlet end of the device.

through which the stream of water is adapted A similar result is obtained when instead of

to be forced into the chamber with substantial the restricted orifice upstream of the diaphragm,

velocity. An air port opening into the chamber ,# ‘second foraminous diaphragm ag 23, Fig. 2,

is provided through which air is induced by the preferably with greater aggregate cross section

after it leaves the :

- fore it discharges at the outlet end, for finely phragm can be used together for a more uniform

breaking up the stream of water which is thor- flow of the bubbly jet, sy

oughly mixed with the air. — 30 This ap ' nm in part -of

. Means are provided for thereafter uniting the my applications filed Dec. 31,

aerated water to form a coherent jet having small’ 1937 patented August 6, 1940, Number 2,210,846

bubbles disseminated throughout the jet. This. anid Ser. No. 52,923 filed Dec. 4, 1935.

_I claim:

1. A device for producing a jet of water con-

‘10 undieieaes Seach Oh Lebiieg & dhhate anion on ;

from the screen, to forma coherent jet.

Referring to the drawing

Pig. 1 is. vertical section of one form of my

inventiofi’,. -—

Figs. 2 and 3 are similar sections of modified

‘forms. ,

"In Fig. 1, [ employ the same typé of rubber tap

connector 2 ag in Pig: 1 of my aforesaid patent,

except that:I provide a constricted orifice A, ne

-ebove the upstream diaphragm (6,

taining air bubbles comprising a chamber the

inlet end of which is adapted for connection with

“the discharge end of a faucet.or the like and

the outlet end of which is adapted to discharge

“40 aor an apertured diaphragm at the upstream.

end of the chamber through which /water is |

adapted to be forced into the chambér with sub-

_ stantial velocity, an air port opening: into the

the air inlets + terminate close to the surface | ‘wate

In Pig. 2, I employ a screw coupling 21 having § inlet end of which is adapted for connection with

@ restricted orifice 22 for connecting my device to 66 the discharge end of s faucet or the like and ‘the

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Plaintiff’ s Wxnibit 14 2. App. 15

This ‘process. can “be realined in different ways ont

rmits for certain applications such as thé water soften-

e installations, and noticeable. simplification of said

installations.

In a non-limitative series Or examples, | the drawings :

represent:

gare, -axial- section of a ‘device of water aerator in.

“a domestic conduit.

Figure 2 to 5, several schematic realizations of variants.

Figure 6 is a ‘schematic view of an installation (domestic

or other) for the treatment. of fluids, for instance, water

softening; and

Figure 7 is an enlar ed view of the: aerator of. Figure 6.

_¥igure-6-is 6 variant of Figure 6. ?

In Figure 1, -1 is a pipe of water under pressure, for

instance, and 2 is a faucet of.any type. At the spont end of

the faucet: is attached a tubular membér 3; the assembly’

' can be done in any manner providing it is watertight, and —

in the example . shown it is realized by a special con- -

. nector 4 known as self-locking. The facta member is

' . elosed inside-by a transversal wall 5 pierced with holes 6, |

the purpose of which is to divide the water under pressure

in order to increase the surface of contact between the

water and the air; the total cross section of the holes 6 is

smaller than the total cross section of the spout‘and of the _

faucet. Downstream the wall 5, the lateral wall of the

- ‘of said crown being necéssarily bigger than the’ diame-

_ ter of the total cross section of holes 6 6. The function rT

easily understood. 9 designates schematically two sieves

or dividers of any type with a view to create one or more:

chambers and inspre the homogeneousness of the mixture

- before it is di

The wall. 5: can offer a total section of flow eqaal to

that of the conduit downstream (Figure 5). sth the

ales 7 can be. re by a complete interrup the

babalae all, as shown in "Figures 2 to'5. In "9 the

conduit downstream 20, larger than the senthiae noth Ry

' terminates opposite to it by a convergant-divergant part —

21. In Figure 3, it.is multiple and comprises several — |

- erowns at different levels for — admission of-air; in |

' Figure 4 which corresponds to Figure 3, the two conduits.

__ thecone upstream and th ownstream, are united by

ay coHar, 23. p

ing the _— of air.

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'3- tabe 3 is pierced with a crown of holes 7, the diameter*..\ ee

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2 App. 16. . Plaintiff's : “ISxhibit 14 | me eas, q

In Figures 6. ead 1, 10 designates | a > hee ‘eilastas =

- which is intended to soften the water traversing said -

mF mae such a - anduovoe! softener is of course

well known. The. use of these water softeners i is expanding

more and more in the domestic economy; they are con- |

nected simply to the mut els \the aed 1 of the con- —

~ duit 12 carrying hard water. Up ‘to .now, however, these ©

installations had a shortcoming ; ; the connection between the |

softening reservoir \10 and the faucet-11 is made by a

_ flexible rubber hose 14 and between said/flexible hose and |

the faucet 11 one has-to insert a faucet: ‘with three outlets,

. the handling of which permits. the water coming from 11 or

the water coming through the water softener and discharg- _

ing through 15, or deviated’ by the faucet-with three |

*. outlets, for being. used as. such without: softening. These =

} faucets with three outlets are relatively expensive to :

make and are fot always watertight; moreover, they move

too often the rubber. top connectors during the opera-

tion.

4.5. Accondias to iia invention, the faucet with - three

outlets one away with and replaced .by. a 0 To

faucet 16 ireotly mounted on the water' softener 10

_ the®fducet 11°the device shown by Figure 7 is .attached

and corresponds. to’ that of fein 1, with the ‘difference

that the slots or crown of holes are formed in a circular” 7

chamber by a pipe 18. In Figure 7, the wall 5 is eliminated, ~

as a variant; the converging conduit 17 opens in the

diverging conduit 19 which is connected with ‘a flexible

hose 14 which itself is connected to the’ faucet 16.

' Between the two conduits 17-19, exists a free crown 13.

comminicating with the end 18. for the admission of ee

air aspired by, the column of liquid. . : }

_» -When the two faucets:11 and 16 are opened, the water

passes throngh the reservoir 10 where said water arrives .

charged with air; the faucet 16 Being closed, the water is -

dischar through 18 hard as itis. -

For the same application, one can provide the ‘device

6f Figure 8 which permits not only. to send aerated fluid %

fowards the water softener 10, but. also to obtain directly: 4

aerated water when the faucet 16 is closed. In this |

or of Figure 8, in — the rubber connector |

25 is mounted directly at the s spout 0 of the faucet 11,

the pipe carrying the-water under pressure 26, opens in .

the chamber 27 whigh is baad on the one hand on. the

Plaintiff's Exhibit 14° App. 17,

- vided with dividers 3o¢°

Bee ns oe ae

"4, ‘A device for mixing air to a, column of liqnid under

pressure in circulation, comprising in combination an air

a free section immediately upstream.

port in the column and.the means downstream of said air-

port for obliging the air-entrained to mix with the fluid

under pressure, the section of: the conduit at the point of |

- gaid air duct and the section: of the conduit immediately

' downstr of said air duct being larger than the total —

- : .

"2. A device according to claim 1 characterized in that

_ said means is formed by one or more baffles located in the ©

downstream part-of the device. Bet do |

_. 8. A device according to claim 1 characterized in that

said means is formed by a prolongation of the downstream |

part of the device. bine mre 7 ;

——

“9 App. 18. Plaintiff's Exhibit 14

| a. A davies according” te ani shinies in ‘that

‘the column of fluid is divided, immediately upstream said

air duct, for instance, by a perforated transversal. parti-

tion,

_. §& For a dévice according to claim 1, a connector pro-<.

vided with an air, ae an upstream end adapted to be

connected to a p fluid under pressure, a downstream

end provided 7 alos means for effecting the mixture-of the

fluid under pressure and of the air entrained, the. section

of said connector at the point where is the air, port and:

the section of the part immediately: downstream | being

larger than the pent of the part Knaeediatals upstream.

6. “A deyice aceording to claim 5, characterized by the

fact that it. ¢Omprises many air ports at different levels.

Rey? A device of a connector according to claim 5,

characterizéd in that the air port is. formed: by a pipe.

8, A device of claim 7, characterized in that said pipe

“is: hee grond to be closed: automatically by the depression

- eréated in’ the connector during the. flow. of liquid under —

_. presspre... |

1. Sok device. according to clairn q characterized “a

that said pipe is provided also with an air port, with ~

parts upstream and downstream, according to claim5. __

' °10. An installation of the treatment of fluid under

pressure in circulation, comprising an apparatus for said

treatment provided with a faucet at the entrance or at the -

outlet, said apparatus being connected at the entrance, to

a device ‘according to claim 7 or 8 or 9 so that by closing.

- said fauvet fluid not treated will flow through the pipe of

‘ said connector, said apparatus forming at the same time

a means for mixing the air entrained and the fluid under —_

_ préssure according’ to claim 1. — :

“11. . An installation according to- claim 10 characterized

-. in that the apparatus for treatment is a water softener or*

_a filter or a sterilizer, connected by a connector according

to glaim 7, 8 or 9, to a faucet, of the fluid under pressure, -

_ which permits, by the ‘handling of the faucet, of the water

‘softener, to obtain water simply aerated by. the pipe of.

the connector, or to let the water. — aerated oF not, by.

this. appetatas. ° | | 7

| PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT NO. to: |

a "52923 a a 1935

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j e pane _ BEL VM

jet wencpnssetnesseseesseetent seessecpune nemesenecenigone of i.

t “ORIGINAL aca

ae AseALICATION FILED COMPLETE... AEC 4 1985

| . = “Petition, Spec ral ‘ |

. Oath, ‘First i $30,

: 240 sheets Drawings;

tech ae .

Tent te!

PATENT! No.

|: Faveation FLD wintNs DEVICES iN wHlcH 0

in © 2

EXR'S BOOK) peak 1 ta gt:

. This | application! referred to ale

bbe Patent No. LAr0. VE.

: Do ‘not dest-oy. (See order No.

~ S166, 400 0.@. 1)-

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OF TH FIO 15 WAR PRESSE

1 tReet heen eee cewnsewemneensesesesesesesnesnsees

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—_ ‘Petition, Speci

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PARTS OF

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B attorney..

Division 0

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Associate dttorney-.-).. ..

No. of Claims Mlowed no

Title as allowed .....

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Ape. No. .

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RM s. APPLE

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, 1935

1935

198

BELGIUM = «DEC 8 1934

Do not destroy.

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Notice af Mlawance:

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This application referred to. in

- Patent No. LAI0.

(See

3166, 400 0.¢, 1)°

‘DO NOT. DETACH

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1951.6 ST. NW

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2 App. 20. 7 ‘Plaintiff's Exhibit 15 3 ese

Etats-Unis De 1 Anierigne Du Nord

Ver. Staaten Von N. Amerika =~;

hate yy XXXiI U. 8. Patent Office Dec 12 1995)

PETITION. —

J. &. Patent Office. Dee. 12 1985 Division XXXII.

- To the Commissioner Of Patents |

Your Petitioner Elie . a citizen-of the Greek

“ig Republic, and. sealant tai _ — tq whose a sl

‘‘ office addreéas “is:

oa _ ys that Letters Funes: — yore ted to him ae

'- -[mprovements in Finid mixing Aitlons th with one of

: _ feation, ee ressure. “ hoe in Par) annexed

| n reby appoints Frank ppleman,

G. Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. his Attorney with |

fall power of substitutiof and revocation, to prosecute this —

application, to make alterations and amendments therein, __

to seanive, Sie Patent, aad ta tsenenet oh buitees in the 3

Patent Office connected therewith. _—- 2

Bigned cea, um, Nov. 23, 1935.

- 2 . 10 ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: <

.... @ Be it known that I, Elie Aghnides,; a citizen of |

the Greek Republic and resident of Brussel Belginm,

have ievuntell i certain new and: useful Improve in

_ Fluid mixing devices in which.

Senge ar

flavour, like water cowi f ; “his 3

water is more digesti

‘due to the simultanéous and pirbede agen intredustion of

| - ee air emulved-—wie and water and forms reakiece-

| n-very foamy cruubsion — hee peace means

= BE m . - —

2 ; es

Another practical pra application of the. invention

occurs, aonsists for ins ‘in drawing off beer. Re-

___ peated ‘experiments have proved that beer drawn off by

means of carbon dioxide under pressure and |

run through the device of ‘aeeosding-te- the invention to be

thereby intimately. mixed with the 51 ling air, ace

= guires a better taste and a finer appearance, the foam

eases in which one or more fluids (gas or liquid) have -

be mi © a circulating liquid column ‘under pres-

d to

2 App. 22... Plaintiff's Hexhibit 13.

anttithiannin.is, er away to ‘i lame 1: “the fluid “a

under pressyre in the pipe. ‘below said passage, peevided. |

_by means of one or several dividing eS F

. vices or baflles provided for this purpose. .

This process can be carried into: effect in various. man-_

ners and..by varivus means.

tone: such ay water softening. devices wherein it acts to 3

2 abl, simplify the plant consid~ q

. the drawings: ae : Pea RCE OR: :

ig. Pie. Lisa vertical and axial cross-section of a Ww ee

: sarating device Tr a domestic water, pipe. |

to 5 inclusive are der biag!. axial sections of

modifications of the acrating device of: Fig, a epee 6 ‘

Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view ‘of a ate weg or other

| eur treating fluids, for instance for water: soften-

4 A 7.is a saena pein vertical said section on

- at an enlarged scale, of the aerating device shown ine

figure 6. ;

‘fg. 8 is aan arial vertical section of a further: modi--

. feation - ‘ | ‘adapted to «

. mix: three fluids and | PS ig ra

.9isa teandversal cross. section along line IX-IX-

of bi re 8.

Agure |, ‘the: numeral 1 indicates forinetance ‘a. 4

BB pipe: under pressure and 2 a tap of any type what- 4

ever, A tubular part 3 is fixed at. the ‘end of the tap; the.

connection can be made in_any desired manner provided

that it is tight, and in the peal le shown comprise this-in —

a special self tighteni fitting 4

ofa known kind. . . "6

The tubular party? ix provided with and-sloved—ineide

by-meane-of an internal transverse 2 pe vs

5 provided with holes 6 the object of which is to divide

the current. of water to increase air -contacting. Bu face _

| thereof.” The. : : ;

_ section or surface of tie. holes is smaller than the ‘section

through which the fluid flows at the end of the. tap. Below

Above the partition 5, i , eS

the side wall of the tube 3 is provided with a rin iat

~~ holes 4, the opal of the total section of. said holes 7

Plaintiff's Hexhibit 15 2 App. 3

of ssid ring being ‘necessarily larger Haan the diameter .

- of the total section of ‘said holes 6. |

| ” Rusieral 9 represents dingtiimmativelly two efiliatea

plates or -ef- any other dividing devices, to form -realine- .

one or several: chambers or spaces to. insure sneunes

. uniformity i in the mixture before its exit.

-. * The partition 5 may have a diameter 4 Hsia

: passage— equal’ to that. of the pipe below (B g.. 5). 7r-

The holes “may, be replaced by a com iplete interruption

of the tubular wall As is. the case. in Figures 2 to 5. in :

.. clisive. — 3

In Ffigure 2° the Sie tae pipe 20, which is

5 larger than . the pipe 20a above . comes to an

_ end in front of the latter in the form of a contracting-

expanding air venture. part 21. In Figure 3, the device

de—menifeld—and comprises several stepped 8 ‘and funnel

mouthed | air admission rings, —in—f P eign’ 4

“The davies pens F figure Fig 8 and 9 is adapted to.

mix three fluids, only one of which is under pressure.

_ This -device- can be absolutely identical to the devices:

shown in any of the first named figures provided that —

at least one hole correspondt 7 tone of holes

1 of Fig. 1 is connected is-in-velatic ee

_ tainer containing “Comprising one fluid, a e other —

ne ae holes are’ connected pw Paid.

: ther container By teagess 4 |

| i is Provi a with two ® dinner opposed ducts

oe ure. Each duct spens in the interior of. the

y 3° through - noi the wall of the latter. \ .

"Gas & ance The part of ite-tength, the body e,

hed — ee? Hf is i provided with ee oe acti.

.. fraid under | pressure into a number of streams which

ee the. effect of the dividing wall sift-9.

- ture: and are not — tight.

3 > App. 24 Bes ‘Plaintiff's Exhibit 15 !

part, Siinatitiactinenh olen 37 of expanding @roancpection | in

- @ downward direction ase—piarcad, in order to divide. the

exert a suction through ‘the ducts 25 and 3ta

-g diametrical portition. 38 ix also provided at the level -

where the ducts 35-36 open into i+ the hody 3°, and at this

point, the body 3°*,-<a=#-sttiwed_in-order to form-two |

‘separate compartments 39- 40 at each side of this partition

38. This, -fluid unde. pressure passing through said

chambers aspirates fluid from each duct 35-36; the fluid:

under pressure is niixed with one other fluid at one side

and fluid under pressure ix. mixed with the third fluid -at

_the other side., . Both beth mixtures’ are completed by

~ vertical: through haffles 41 at the hottom of holes 37 and

‘are. then. mixed together in- the lewer part of the

6 body 3°, where one or more hafles. or periorave plates a

. OF are also. provided. ae

In that respeet, the device shown in Fhigure 3 mous ae

also be capable -eew of mixing +e—mix more than two .

fluids, by connection of each circular. Soper nee passage ;

7 toa fluid container -«spaen ie

‘When the device discharges into the. open. air F

1 to 5 and 8-9): the invention. also. pipet at adhd at

sends of the ports 3, 3a, 20, 50, 60, and 70, a-end-of-pert-s-e-

narrow. portion 42-to, prevent | splashing. and to ‘enhance

_ tank. of.a.known kind: for softening the water which flows . |

through it. This softehing device can of course be of any |

' desired type.

The use of ‘those devices is becoming: more and more

general diffused in domestic life.:.They a aly. n-

nected at the end of a ‘distributing ine, Da of

softened water pipe 12.

- Previously, however, thene—pherte—he = t

eonnection between softening tank. 10 uit g service tap 11

was provided with a flexible rubber tube 14 and between

ae tube and tap 11 it is necessary to insert a three-way

—or Aap, throngh. which..water coming from 11 was. |

-either: sent through the softenfing device to come out at. |

“15 or diverted through the three-way” cock: to be used ~

without any softening. . :

Those three way cocks are of relatively costly a

Moresver te eae

‘Referring to pot: 6 and 7,.10 is an ‘apparatus or.

Plaintiff's “Exhibit 15...» . 2 App. Se .

Actording to. the Lenibebinn: the three sway cock is done |

away with and replaced by-a simple inp. 16 directly fixed

on the softening ag 10...

Pi device: shown Ffigure 7 is ‘connected to. ta UL. =

id deviée . correspon $ generally to the device a

io re 1, with the difference that the air is admitted x

from an annular

chamber BS ending-up-—in-a nozzle.18 formed thereon.

In FB gure 7, the partition 5 is climinated as in Figs. 2-40

- inclusive

The converging: end “17 of the upper

| -or—eontracting

-pipe-17a, opens gut into a reduced end 19 of a diverg-.”

* “ing or expanding pipe 19a which is cv weaned to the:

_ flexible pipe 14 and iteel—eonneeted to tap 1

‘Between the ‘two pipes 17a-19a there Fe ‘ins an anviu-

lar space -a—free—ring 13-in -communication with. the

chamber 18a and nozzle 18 to Lapigcudh entrance of ‘the air

sucked in by the liquid column... <.

‘When the two taps 11 and 16 are o :, the water flows

| through tank 10. where it arrives joncie ‘with air. When.

- tap 16 is shut, the water comes: ‘out at. 18 in the .. ——

softened state.

In the device shown F igure 6, a- very flexible rubber °°

* tube 34 can. be provided ‘at thre nozzle 18, said tube being: -

fixed to said nozzle, when for special reasons, it not de-. :

sirable that the nid flowing throngh 10 should mix with: |

air.’ On account of Phenkete-the suctioén-veemmrat 18, re-

- sulting from ihe passage of fluid towargs 14, said flexible - -

tube closes itsdif automatically (see F x. 7).

- Having now fully deseribed my said invention, what 1°

~elaim: and desire to. secure by letters : patent, is: “i

TX device’ for mtimately- mixing at least two. fds,

one of which is under pressure, comprising in combifation

‘a hollow eylindrical bedy connected to a detlyefy-pipe of ©

- fluid @ under pressure, a Lmareman nig in tie wall of said

body for the ‘admission. 0¢ :

“a fluid ta be mixed to the-flnid | adér pressure, & dnd means

down stream ‘this passagg,for obliging both fluids to ~

mix together before leaving the hollow body, the cross-

' section area bia the body at the point where said —

_ pase re is ) ; and the: cross-soction area aera of the

; ee y im diately down stream this passage heing both

lan fan ‘the free stre Dates section for the fluid under 3

sure imimediatel ty wp Stream. said _pasea te. Sie

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. App. 26 * Plaintite’s Kixtubit 150.

2 ‘A device for intimately mixing at least

two fluids,

one of whiecltis under pressure, comprising in combination

a hallow evlindrical body connectable to a‘ delivery-pipe

of fluid under pressure, means for. dividing the stream --

of: fluid under pressure; a passage-way down stream said:

mean’, in the wall of said body, connected to a space

“8 containing a fluid to be mixed to the fluid under pres-

sure, and means down stream this passage, for oblig-

ing both fluids to anix together before leaving the hollow

a body, the cross-section area aera of the hody at the point :

where said passage is made, and thé cross-section area

aerva of the body immediately down stream this- passage

being both larger than the free streaming section for the

fluid under pressure immediately up stream said passage.

~ 3.. A device for intimately mixing at least two fluids,

one of which is under pressure, comprising in combination

a hollow cylindrical body connectable to q delivery-pipeaof

- fluid under~pressure, meang for dividing the stream of

—-& space containing’ 3

* pressure, and means down stream this passage, for oblig-

fluid under pressure, a passage-way down stream’ said

“means, in the wall of said body, connected to a space.con-

taining a fluid to be mixed to the. fluid under ‘pressure,

and means down stream this passage, for obliging both -

fluids to mix together liefore leaving the a hollow body, the

cross-section urea aera of the body at-the point where said —

passage is made, and the cross-section area aera of the

‘body immediately down stream this passage being both —

larger than the fre> streaming seetion for the fluid. under

pressure immediately up streain said passage, (the means

. for obliging \the fluids to mix. together comprising ‘at

least‘ two perforated plates -up stream the eseape opening: °

of, rag hollow bedy, these plates being spaced from each

other.) Se Pes Ssh G Pecuete rir.

BX 4 A device for intimately mixing at least two Auids,

one. of which.is under pressure, comprising in combina-

om tion a. hollow cylindrical body ‘connectable to a devilery-

pipe of <fuid under pressure, means for dividing. the .

stream .of Mluid under pressure, a passage-way down

stream said menus, in the wall of said body, conneeted to

fluid to be mixed to the fluid under

ing both fluids to mix.together before leaving. the hollow ~

body, the cross-section area aere- of the body at the point —

~ * , Plaintiff’s Exhibit. 15 <2 App. :27

- Where sad passage is made, and the cross-section |

—— «9 soarca aexseeof the body immediately down stream this. .

passage being. both larger than the free streaming ~

-. section for the fluid under pressure immediately. yp stream

said passage, the means for obliging: the fluids ‘to mix

together comprising at least two perforated plates. up —

stream the esenpe opening of the hollow body, these plates

being spaced, from, each other, and a resserrement in- the

interior of tlle hollow body down stream these perforated

~ plates... . pee Bee

is under pressure, comprising, in combination, a holjéw

cylindrical body connectable to a delivery-pipe ofMluid

under pressure, q crown of holes in the wall of sg hody

for-the admission of eenneeted—te—a—+pace—eoplaining a

_ fluid: to be mixed to the fluid under pressure/and means -

down strgam this passage,. for obliging bot) fluids to. mix

attogether hefork leaving the hollow bog¥, the cross-sec-

tion-area aera of the body at the point phere said passage

is made, and the cross-section area sere: of the. body im-

~ mediately down .stream this passdge being both larger

- than; the free streaming sectionAor the fluid ‘under: pres-

surd:immediately up stream seid passage. Se

_ 6.8 A devica for intimatgly mixing fluids one of which/

is ‘urider pressure, compypising,-in combination¢ a hollow’

cylndrical body, connegfable to a delivery-pipé ; of fluid

under pressure,ta stpézered pagsage-ways, in the wall of

. said body. for: the gdmission of -eonne ; eae

|. taining a fluid to*he mixed to the fluid under pressure, and

' means down sffeam this passage, for obliging ‘both fluids

to mix togeffer before leaving the hollow hody, the: cross-

section aya vera of the body at the point where said

. passage’is made, and the cross-section area aera of the

bodyAmmediately down stream: this passage being both

_ larger than ,the frec streaming section for the fluid under

. T° A device for intimately“iixing fluids one of which

is under pressure, comprising, in combination, a hollow

cylindrical body connectable to .a delivery-pipe of fluid

under pressure, (opposed stagered passages) in the

O wall of said hollow body, each of which-being open

. for the admission of soothe hee te ethene ne ptheeentt

taining a fluid to be mixed to the fluid under pressure,

and ‘means down stream these passages, by. which the -

fluids are forced to mix-together, before they escape from’

B60 SRT eae Pai

ee A

2 App. eee : Plaintiff's “Exhibit 15

- the hollow ‘bods, the section arca-aera of the hollow body 3

at the point of cach of these passages, and’ the section

: area aera of the body. immediately down stream each pass- -

age, being larger than the free streaming section for the

fluid under _premuate immediately Un streain euch of these _

passages.

8.» A device for intimately mixing “fluids one of which

‘is “under yressure, comprising, in combination, a hollow |

cylindrical body connectable. to a delivery-pipe for the

fluid under pressure, alined ‘s-erewn-of holes in the wall

of said body, said holes eertain- of these holes being being

adapted to admit at least one open for the admission of,

1 fluid to be: mixed

_to the fluid under prentire, other holes-belug. also open

eonnccted-te—anether-eloned

le the admission of air-and

= , means -up-stream: Hee said eed holes

whereby the stream of fluid under pressure is divided into

separate streams, a diametrical partition in the hollow.

_ body, dividing the space surrounded: by said the-erewn-of |

holes-into to. separate chambers into which flow the sepa- ’

rate streams of (luid under pressure, means down. stream

this partition comprising longitudinal diverging holes for

the fluid under pressure and ‘the other fluids, means down

stream this means for mixing all the fluids together before

they escape fronr the hollow: body, the sectional aréa-aera-

‘of the ‘hollow. body, at the point where the crowr of holes

is provided, and the ‘sectional area rere of the hollow

body immediately down stream these holes being larger

than the free-streaming passage for the fluid. under pre&

sure immediately up stream-said fir Co botterecpreemeet fi

, 9, A device for intimately mixing fluids one of which

is under pressure, comprising, in. combination, a- hollow

cylindrical body connectable to a delivery-pipe for the

fluid -under- pressure, a crown of holes in the wall of

- said body,. eertain of these holes being wenneeted—to

open for the admission of —

a fluid to be mixed: to the fluid under pressure,

being: also aed saith the admission of a second eonnested-

> means for controlling the

free secticn of. these. holes, means. ‘up. stream. said #Hiie-

erewn-of-holes whereby the sti yea of fluid under pressure |

is ree into separate Atredms, A. diametricat partition

Piaintitf’s Kixhibit 1) | 2 App. 2

‘in the hollow body, dividing the space surrounded by —

satd the-erewn-of holes into separate chambers into which

flow the separate streams of fluid under pressure, means

: down ‘stream this partition comprising Jongitudinal di-

> verging holes for the fluid under pressure and the other

fluids means. down stream this means for mixing all the

fluids together before they escape from. the hollow body, .

_ the sectional area aera of the hollow body, at the point

_. where the crown of holes is provided, and the sectional

area. aera of the hollow body immediately down stream

these holes being Jarger than ‘the free streaming passa

for the. fluid under. pressure immediately up stream satd

first this-erewn-of holes. - 3 Rane eg

: 10, .A device for intimately mixins at least two fluids,

-. one of which is under pressure, comprising in combination —

a hollowccylindrical. body connectable to a pedi ae

of fluid under pressure, a passage-way in the wall of said

hollow body, for admitting a fluid to said body said ©

ine~connected to a closed, space contain-_ |

~* ing a fluid to. be mixed to the fluid under pressure, means, -

‘down stream this passage-way, for obliging both fluids to. -

- mix together. before leaving the hollow body, the cross- |

section . area -aera ofthe body -at the point. where said

passage is made, and the cross-section area -aera- of the

ody immediately. down stream this passage being both

larger than the free streaming section for the fluid under

pressure immediately up stream said passage. _ es

_ ITA device for intimately mixing fluids one of which

| is under pressure, comprising.in combination acyln-

12 drical hollow body connected to a delivery-pipe for

_._ the fluid under pressure, a. passage-yay in the wall _

of the hollow body, connected to a rig! duct opening jin ©

‘free air, means down stream. this pissage-way, for oblig-

ing both fluids to mix togetherbefore leaving the- hollow

- body, the cross-section argaanera of the body. at the point

_ Where said passage je“made, and the. cross-section area

_. aera of the body-immediately down stream this passage

_ being both lgrgér than the free streaming section for the ©

_- fluid underpressure immediately up ‘stream. said passage,

_ & pipe connecting the free end of the hollow body to a

Aa and a tap a 2 entrance of thi iV Bess |

Bo + Elie Aghn

ik é

ides

Cj)

| ____the United States

2 App. 30. Plaintiff's Exhibit 15 |

fe es 8 OATII

American Consulate ) es

Brussels, Belgium . 24

Elie Aghnides,. the nhove- named etitioner, being sworn ;

- (or affirmed), deposes and says that he is a citizen of.

the Greek Republic and resident of Brussels, Belgium.

that he verily helieves himself to he the original, first .and

sole inventor of the lin rovements in Fluid mixing. devices

in which one of the finids is under pressure. described. ~

and claimed in the annexed specification; that he does

not know and does. not -helieve that the .same was’ ever

‘nown or used before his invention or discovery thereof,

.or patented or described in any printed publication in

- any country before: his invention or “discovery ' thereof,

or more than two years prior to this application, or in

public use or-on sale in the United States for more than:

‘two years prior to this application}that said invention

_ has not been patented to himself or to others with his -_

knowledge or consent in this or any foreign country for —

more than two years prior to this application, or on an —

application for a patent filed-in any country foreign to.

by_ himself or his legal. representatives:

or assigns more than twelve months prior to this applica- — —

tion; and that no application for patent on said improve- --

ment has been filed y himself or his representatives or:

sassigns in any souniee foreign to the United States, ex- ©

cept as follows: Belgiun, “December 8th 1934.

ee (Inventors Full Lata ‘Aghnides.

Sworn to and subscribed before

-. ‘vember, 1935.

ae PS /s/ Janson: Gilbert ~~

' (Signature of U.S. Conaad. ,

Vice Consul of the United States:

ay gel dh ... . .- (Official Character)

American Foreign Office ee Ses

~ $2.00 Fee Stamp :

this 23rd day of No- ante

Plaintift’s Exhibit 15

Phe }

te ¢

529

| be

n ades | |

At lormey.

rs _—

ee rary th Ae’ raaw|

Meae seg

se ae S =

Nee ee,

(B2r.3 oor

Vy 2 App: 3 3 —. Plaintiff’s Exhibit 15.

AO oN 5a Ee ae ee

- Letterhead—

DEPARTMENT OF : COMMERCE

United States Patent Office |

Was hi f ! 3 mY ~

dna: hatin’ a communication. from the Exaimner 3 n:-

eof this seplienies,

ee Conway P. Coe.

ae **. Gommissioner of Patents ae

Pay ee SS lial lie Elie Aghnides

eden ——~ vg My eg |

oo A> Se Plid sh Devices in |

ee Nee Bees Which One of the inids Is Un

a . - - ae der Pressure: ie

“(Prank S. Al ie ee | |

(Frank 5 Ape _ eae ee ee

Washington, D. ¢. : eas hte ae Teeny: -— @

ee , References: parca eae = 5

= Heaton :

587,203—July mh 1897261 66 xr 261- 16

British. patent wi)

-382,542—Oct. 27, 261-76 - Se

_ (specification, 3 pages, drawings, 1 sheet) :

: _ Ferguson. : .

591 ,830—Oct. 19, 1897-261-60 xr 261 -76

British patent. to Weidmann

| 900—A.D. Nov. 9, 1909°-261-76

pe Specification, 2 pages, drawings, 1 sheet)

- Bassler

944,952 Dee. 28, 1909—128.16° xr: 261-76

~The description is filled with miss led words and —

“grammatical errors and should be carefu revised line

by oh tie ol — page 1, teeth 9, tied tine ie

e is incorrectly spe ine 16,

emulsed ” should be emulsified, ete.

The claims are ‘indefinite and for that- reason) it. is not ~

-. possible to determine accurately upon which embodiments |

_ they read.“ For example, claim 1 and others recite that.

. the passageway in the wall of the body is ‘‘connected to |

a space ° * * etc.” Is this intended to limit the claim to

those embodiments showing \ an actual pipe connection ©

such as 18 to 35 or’is it intended to read — such forms |

aaa : 3 } 3 7 os

—,?

¢ .

‘ z é . uv

a rm fe P

Paints Hxhibit 3 | i 2 App. 33.

Claims 2 to 4 ond 7 be: is are clearly readable only upon cae

"figs. 7 and & :

Claim 6 is clearly readable only np a te t:

~ Claims 1, 5 and G-anay -be ke.

that the term ‘‘connected to a space, etc.” has

16 onl the significance that the holes are open to atmos- .

British patent 25,900:0

‘shown in 5 ie injector H. | ‘

_. : Election is required between dain. indicated as specific a,

- . to: figs. 7 and 8 and claims indicated as specific to fig. 6,

phere or to another fluid. -

CE OE ted as not patentable over

ft in which a mixing. screen is

- and these claims -are not acted upon at this time under

Commissioner’s Order 3254. oS .

The other art cited ‘is for applicant’s. information. a

, icin ks 3 |

ee 3 _ J._A. Bartholomew

en tee . oy (9) =

. eee Le per fs Be rr ‘:

a eet 6) My oa oo _ Amendment 3

- “Mail Division -

.” Aug 10.1936_

ce : US. Patent. Office /.

INTHE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE

In re application of:

Klie. Aghnides, - .

Ser. No. 52,923, Bere

7 | ‘ Room 4086"

_ Div. 32.

iled Dee. 4 1935,

Kor ‘Fluid. Mixing’ Daviess in which | one of the ae

Fluids is — Pressure.

| Sir:

as . Patent Office— Aug. 13, 1936—Division

XI :

Hon. Commiosioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C. ages

In response to the Office action of Feb. 10, 1936, -kindly —

‘amend as follows:

- Page.1, line 9, cancel “to” ‘and insert —with—; line :

13, correct the spelling of Sarina aa 16, change

* ‘emulséd” ‘to —emulsified—.

~~ Claims 1, 5 and 6, lines 4 and 5; snd Gaime’?, 3 and -

4, line 6; cancel ‘‘, connected to'a space containing” and

insert —for the admission of—. :

| -

| a in. charge of this application.

2 App. 34 Plaintiff's Exhibit 15 °° + -

| Claims 7, 8 and 9, fine 5; clnizn 10, line 6, cancel ‘‘con- ; |

~ nected to a. "closed space containing” and insert —open for ~

‘the admission of—. |

Claim 8, line 7 and daim 9, ye 6 and 7, cancel “being -

connected to another closed space also containing a” and.

insert —also open for the admission of a séecond— |

Claims 1 and 6, lines 8 and 9; claims 2, 3,-4 and 10,

- lines 9 and 10; claim 5, lines 7 and 9; claim 7, ‘lines 8 and

10; clajm 8, lines 17 and 18; claim 9, ‘lines 18 and 19; and |

claim ‘ lines 7 and 8, change “aera’? to —area— - hy.

- Cancel claims | A, D, 6 and 11 without ieee

4p ". eitan 6

The ‘Examiner’s ation: of the eleinis is not under-.

stood. Claim 11; not claim 6; would seem. to be the sole

claim. reading on Fig. 6. Note thre recital of the tap 16

~ Inthe last line of claim If. As. claim 6 is later noted as

2 being generic, evidently: claim 11 was’ meant.

The objectionable language ‘‘connected to a space—ete.”

has been corrected ‘and the meanipg of the elaims should «

‘now be clear. Other. formal corrections ‘to the specifica-

tion.and claims -wil]l be. made ‘upon the indication of allow-

= subject matter, —- ee. :

Claims 1, 5,-6 and 11 have been. canceled and an action

SS on the merits of claims 2-4 and 7-10 is respectfully ie

* quested.

~~ ee ey Respectfully subniitted,

: > < : : - Bhie Aghnidés,

. By Wraak 8. Ap leman, “

| i Frank S. APB eman, ‘Attorney.

Wedhinaiok: D. 0, ry

August 10, 41936.

19. "Letterhead :

‘DEPARTMENT OF. COMMERCE.

‘United States Patent Office .

— ae

, dee Oct. 23, 1936 |

Please find heii a ‘gitniaiheaiiiiiiaaias from the EX AMIN KR

| | omer. P. Coe. |

ve coe _Comnnissioner of Patents

Plaisitiff’s Exhibit 15 © = .2 App. 35

‘Applicant: Elie~Aghnides

Ser. No.—52,923 _. |

' For Fluid Mixing Devices in

+ Which One of the Liquids is

ae = ; . under Pressure

(Frank S. Appleman, | oh

1331 G St., N. W:, - | |

_. Washington, D.C.) ~~ : : : ie

; -. . As amended Aug. 10, 1936. - ne

Requirement for revision ‘of .the specification line by .

line to correct unidiomatic and ungrammatical expréssions

- is repeated. The specific examples to which:attention was

called have. been corrected. Others have been left un-..

changed as for instance ‘‘non-limitating” in line 8, “this

water is more digestive” in line 14; ‘realizes * * *.a foamy

emulsion” in line 16; ‘‘serious economy of soap and time” |

in line 17; “confers to” in line 19; all the above being on

| The element. 34 must-either be shown in solid lines or

erased. The use of dotted lines to show alternative con-

“ struction is objectionable. on ee Nae ¢ 2a

| The.claims have been. carefully reconsidered: as to which —

_ -embodiments. each is readable upon. =. >:

Claims 2 to 4 appear to. read upon Figs. 1 and 8. In -

claim. 7, to what does the staggered passages refer? As |

10wW viewed this expression appears to limit the claim to

Rig. 3 although the description does not call these passages

|. a eae TE Erne ei ee

Incidently Fig. 3 bears no reference numerals, which is

* also objectionable. ° mates ae Meee

Claims 8 and 9 call for ‘‘a crown of holes.” To what

- does this refer? Holes 7 of Fig. 1 are called-a ‘‘ring of

holes.” Perhaps this-is what is meant. But Fig. 8

20 shows only two holes. These two do not constitute a

“crown.” However, Fig. 1 does. not show separate

holes connected to separate fluid sources. It therefore is

not apparent how claims 8 and 9 can be read upon any

pre te onctery Bae ca ats ) Se |

- -Claim. 10 recites an ‘‘elastic duct”, ‘‘eonnected to a

closed space”’. Upon which figure is this intended to read?

Apparently the only figure showing an elastic duct is Fig.

__ 7 and this duct 34 is not shown as leading to /a closed .

2 App. 36 Plaintiff's Exhibit 15

‘ipelinitine. claims 2 ne 4 are for allowable subject.

_ + Matter, and readable upon Figs. 1 and 8 only. ©

For the reasons indicated claims 7 to 10 are held to

be not readable Upon any figures and are rejected upon

that ground,

_seeerety éonsiderable revision of the drawing and

claims is. going ‘to be necessary. Rule 50 requires thatthe .

drawing show every feature c simed. This requirement is

not satisfied by building up the claimed structure from

- selected features picked at random from some half-dozen _

7 eee embodiments. :

’ : H. A. Armstrong

: Acting Examiner |

oe . } Roy Letter to iitleenen ‘

oe, | Ag. 8 Patent Office By: ee

“(Stamp—Apr 27 1937° Division XXXII)

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE

In the application of | it |

Elie Aghnides _ Be ieee nt

Ser. No. 52,923 - . ig Diy. 32

Filed. Dec. 4, 1935 | _. » Room 4086

ixin evices in. which .

‘One of the Liquids is under Pressure : |

| | . |: LETTER TO DRAFTSMAN

Hon. ‘Commissioner of Patents, ar as

-< Bir: 7 a |

*. Pleage correct the drawings of the ine vase as indi-

~ gated in red ink on the attached prints and char Shar

cost: to the account of the attorney, Frank S. Ap

| 4 submitted,

¢ : si "Freak A Loglunan, Attorney.

me 16.

Plaintiff’s- E

‘ cool oat RS er tape apr cry SS

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net eh beatin RES ae

ee , “ Pol Pan * i :

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---

pe BY.

Plaintiff's Kxhibit 15 2 App. 39

tigate tase a Paper No.7 ~

a Wade | ’ Amendment B

Paient Office Stamp—Apr 23 1937,,

IN THE UNITED STATES PAT INT OFFICE >

‘In the application of |

* Elie Aghnides |

Ser. No. 52,923 = . Sai ~ Div, 82 |

Filed Dec: 4, 1935. Swit fs < f Room 4086

* For Fluid Mixin Devices in which —

One of the Liquids is under Pressure

» Hon. Commissioner of Patents,

Sir:

Responding to the official letter of Oct. 93, 1936, the

above entitled application is hereby amended as ollows :

Page 1, line 8, cancel. ‘“‘but no limitating case’ "and in-

sert - embodiment of the invention,—

Line. 10, cancel “obtain” and ifisert —form at true

water and air eralsion—. - |

: ae 10, change the comma (, ) toa period (.) and cancel

‘a

Line: 11, cancel “true water’ and air emulsion.”

_- Lines. 14 and. 15, cancel. ““digestive’’ and insert—di-

gestible—.0- 7 iS

Line 16, cancel ‘realizes with soap’ ’ and insert —and

~ forms—.

Line 17, after 2" genbiion” insert —with a Also. -

cancel “serious” and insert’ —real—. ae

Line 19, cancel “confers to” and insert —gives— |

Line 20, cancel ‘‘realizes”’ and insert —causes—. |

Line 22, change “ pratical” to —practical—. Also cancel

“‘consists” and insert —of. the invention =

Line 22, insert a comma (,) after “instance”.

Line 24° cancel “compelled to” |

Line 25, cancel “according to’’ and insert. ss ‘After |

“be” ‘insert —thereby—.

25. Page 1, line 27, cancel “resistant” and insert —last-

ing—.

Line 28, cancel ‘‘comprises’’ and insert —includes—-;

also cancel “cases” and insert —instances—

Page: 2, ‘line 5, after “prensare” insert —through the

device—

Line 6, after “and” insert —of—. Cancel the comma

2 App. 40. Saapecaiia — Ww

Line 7, change ‘the comma (,) after ‘“‘pressure’’ to a

eriod. Also change “the” (second - oceurrence) to a

“"he—., | | |

Line 8,' after “the?” ‘insert —cross—.

Line ° 15, before “either” insert —formed—.

Line 15, eancel “which contracts itself” and insert

—being contracted at its lower end—-. :

‘Line. 16, cancel “eventually enters: in’ ’ and insert —ex-

— into—. Also, after “or”. insert’ —formed—. :

Cancel line 17 and insert —beitig widened at the top to

receive the lower end of the part above, or with the part—.

- Line 18, after. “above” insert —being—. ...

_ Line 18,°after ‘“passage’ e”. insert —and extending there-

TRO fen

Line 21, cancel ‘‘or call of” and insert. —and draws—, |

' Also cancel “and this air” and. itasert’ —which—. ..

Line 23, cancel “, provided’ to that end, with’? and insert

Hy means of—.

Line 24, after ‘“baffles” insert “provided for this pur-

- pose—. at

Line .26, eancel “in certain cases or applications” and

‘ insert —hby various means—.

Line 27, eancel “it contributes. to constilerably** and

: - insert _-wherein it acts. to—. Also. after “plant” insert

aes

~ Line change_ “fig. ” t¢. —Fig—. Also, after “an”

insert -—vertical and—. Change “an”ito—a—

Line, 31, change “fig.”’? to —Figs.— Also cancel the |

sections of modifications of the » aerating device

ig. mon

Page 2, line 39. change. ‘fig? to- = a

Pag 3. line I, change “fig.” to—Fig.—. .

ay ‘cancel | «cross- section at’’ and insert—vertical

' matter ‘after “5” and insert —inclusive are vertical oot

2 Sm.

Line

- axial section on—.

Line 2, change “figure’’ to—Figure-._ oe

Line 3, change “‘fig.”’ to—Fig.—. ~ . ee

Line 3, cancel “a cross section thesuah a malitel

-forin” and insert—an axial vertical ‘section of | a fu

modification—. iy

Line 5, change ‘fig. » to—F ig-—. — -

Taine 6. change’ “figure” to— —Figurée—.

o Line 7, change. ‘‘figure” to— Figure—. |

Line 4, cancel “for instance”. : oe

CS:

Plaintiff's Exhibit 15- 2 App. 41

Line 11, cancel “this is realized by means of’’:and |

insert—shown comprises—. :

Line 13, after ‘‘part’’ insert—3—.

Line 13 - after “provided” insert—with—and ‘eancel

the rest.of the line. 7

Line 14, caneel:- “a transversal” and insert—an iniornal

transverse—. \

Line 15, after ‘‘the”’ (second occurrence) insert—air—.

Line 16, after ‘‘surface’’ insert—thereof. The—. Line

16, cancel ‘‘between the water and the air; the”. |

Line 18, cancel ‘“‘Above’’ and insert—Below—.

Line. 19, cancel ‘‘in respect to the current of water".

Line 20, ‘after “of” (second occurrence) insert—the _

section of said holes 7 of—. —

_-.* . Lime 21 at the end. of the line insert—said—.

27 .. Page 3, cancel lines 23 and 24.

£ Line 26, change -‘‘of” at the. beginning of the line

to—or-—Also cancel “realize” and. ‘insert—form—.

Line 27, cancel “ensuring” and ‘insert—to insure—. —

. Line 28: cancel “total section of Passage”’ and insert—

diameter— . 2

Line 29, change fig.” to—Fig—. After “5)” Place

i riod (. ) and cancel the rest of the line.—

ine 30, canel “water. In the same way, the” and in-

sert—The—. .

Line 31, change “figures”’ to—Figures—.

Line 32, after ‘‘5’’ insert—inclusive—. | 3

Line 82, change ‘‘figure” to—Figure—. ‘Ate ‘cancel

_ “upper” and insert—lower—.

age 4, line 1, cancel ‘‘ below”: and insert—20* above—._

‘Line 2 after ‘‘expanding” insert—or venturi—.

~ Line 2, ‘change “figure” to—Figure—: also cancel “is”

Line 3, cancel ‘‘manifold and’’:. After’ ‘‘stepped”’ insert re

—and funnel mouthed—. .

Line. 3, after ‘‘rings’’ insert—56, 51, each respec-

tively being of a smaller diameter than the one imme-

diately below it. Said rings are axially alined with each

‘ other and with a, still smaller. fluid admission i 63

above the upper ring 52." Annular amperes: 50", oad :

52° admit the air.—. 7

‘Cancel ‘‘and” at the end of line.3. Sane %

’ * Line 4, cancel “in figure’’ and insert—Figure—; cancel .

the matter after the numeral - oa and insert—shows a

—_

dete ten:

3 App. 420 we i Plaintiff's exhibit 15

lower pipe 60 vonneciid to ‘i seein upper pipe 61 by

means of clips 23.—. ~~

| 28 . Page 4, cancel. line 5 and intent! sdjéeent pipe:

edges. 60" and 61* are’spaced shehtly to — | an.

| annular air admission space.—

Cancel. line 6. os |

Between lines 6 and 7 insert—

. —Fig. 5 discloses a lower pipe 70-having a flared mouth

71. ‘Above the pipe 70 and spaced slightly therefrom_to

rovide an annular air. admission’ space is a smaller pipe

5. The lower end of the pipe 75 is flared as at 72 and

closed by a partition 73 through which. a plurality of holes

'74 are formed.—

Line 7, change ‘figure’? to— Figure—

Line 9, change ‘‘device’’ to-—dev} ices—. Also, after “in”

insert—any of— 3

Line 10, cancel ‘‘one part of holes 7 isin relation’”’ and. ee

i insert—at ‘least one hole cor responding to. one of the

. holes 7 of Fig. 1 is connected—.:

Line 11, cancel ‘‘comprising” and insert—containing—. ta

Line 11, after ‘‘other’’ insert—corresponding holes are

connected—. 7 ee

Lines: 11 and 12, canedl “part in’ relation”.

‘Line 13 ‘cancel ‘*; those” aa insert—. ‘Tho:

- Line 14, cancel ‘mix’? and insert—he To sf eb

Line: 14, cancel ‘‘thanks to’? and insert—by—. _ Also

cancel “sift” and insert—wall—. cee foes

Line 16,. change “3” to—3*— :

Line 18, cancel ‘“or space”. |

Line 19, cancel “; each”: and insert—.. Ea. isc :

_ Line 20, change ‘‘3’’ lite deae "i _ Also cancel the matter a

i, after “through”. teats. Pa eco |

29 Serial No. 52,923-6 ——-

Page’4, etincel Jine 22 and insert—The upper part of

7 the body oe is solid—.

Line 23, cance] ‘‘nature, ” also saneel “through”. After

. “part” cancel the comma (,) and insert —is provided

with—. — ; e

Line 24, after “section” ‘insert —in a downward di-

- Tection—.

Line 24, ‘cancel ‘‘are pierced”, |

Line 26, change ‘‘succion” 2 ~~suction— : |

‘Line 26, cancel ‘‘ports 7’ : a” and insert —the ducts

35 and 36. A—. ©

: Plaintift’s Exhibit15- © 2 App. 43

| Line oe ‘‘in’’ to ~into—; after “body” change

6639 to ~—d*—.

' Line. 28, change ‘‘3” to. —3*— _

' Line 30, change ‘‘This” to —Thus—.

‘ ma :

-Line 33, cancel “; both’? and insert — Both—. |

_. -Ljne 34. cancel “through” and insert —by vertical—. .

~~. Line 35, change ‘‘3” to —3*—-.. | &

‘ Page 5, ‘line 1, change ‘‘9” to —9*—.

Line Batter “shown * insert —in—. Change “figure”

to —Figure—. Cancel “allow” and insert —be capable

'- @

Line 3, cancel “to mix’? and- —,

Line 4, after ‘‘passage” insert —7—?

Line 4, cancel ‘or a

Lin 5, change “figures” —Figorée— }

Lint®6. cancel “end of sees 3 a” and insert —lower ends

of the parts 3. e, 20, 50, and: 70, a—. me |

| Line 8, cancél *‘sift”? and insert. —wall—.

_ Line 9, change “figures” to —Figures—

Tine 12, cancel ‘‘diffused” and insert —general—=.

30 Serial. No. 52,923—7

% Page 5, line 15, cancel ‘‘those plants had. a draw-

bac pesen: ae

- Line 19, change “‘softering” to —softening—. = /

Line 23, cancel the matter after the period (3°

Cancel line ae

- Line 28, change “eure” to : —Figure—.

Line 29, after ‘‘correspondence” insert’ ne

Line 29, change -‘‘figure’’ to —Figure—.

Line 30, cancel ‘‘slits or holes are formed in a circular”.

and insert —is admitted fram an annular—y

Line 31, cancel ‘‘ending up in” and insert —18* sur-

| _ rounding and connecting the adjacent ends of an up : :

~ t lower pipe 17* and 19 respectively. The. chamb

18* has —. |

Line 31, gftex “618” insert formed ican. ee

Line 32, change ‘‘figure” to —Figure—. ey

Line 32, cancel done away with — to’”’ ‘and insert -

—eliminated as in Figs. 2-4 inclusi

Line 33, cancel ‘‘a modified form. ms :

- Line 33, after ‘‘converging” insert —end: 17 of the:

upper—.

17°—

Page 6, line 1, after ‘*a” insert —reduced end 19 of a—.

After “pipe” change: “19” to. —19—..

Line 33, cancel “or contracting” change nay to ‘

2 App. ed | BS Ptaintitf’s hts |

3 ‘

Line 2, cancel “, itself connected” and insert —and—.

~ Line 3, change ‘17-19” to —17*-19"—. -

‘Line 3, cancel ‘‘a free ring” and. insert: —an annular

‘space—.

Line 4, before ‘‘nozzle” insert. chamber 18° and—. -

Line 9, change ‘‘figure” to --Figure—. ©

Line. 12, change ‘‘Thanks to’’ to pat account of—.

- . Line 13, cancel “‘vacuum” and insert. —suction—. Line . 3

| 14, change ‘ify to —Fig.— & 3

8 Chaim 7, ine, cancel" eager and insert —op- q

osed-—. . 3

| Otaims 8 and 9, line 4, cancel “a crown of” Sag ineert 3

—alined—. © ‘ a

-. Lines 4 and 5,. pete “certain of .~‘apntahier for a” :

‘and insert —said holes being adapted to admit at least. - 4

one—. oe

» gs ‘Linés_6,. & and_8,_ -eancel “other holes—under- pres- —

‘ gure” |

Claim 8, line 8, cancel “this”,

Line 9 cancel “orown, of” and ‘insert —said—.

Line 11, cancel “the crown of” and. insert —sand—-—-

Claim 9, line 9, cancel ‘this crown. of ” and insert

—said—z.

Line 12, nial “the erown of?’ and insert - —said—; also :

cancel “4”, ee

(aims: 8 ‘and 9, last line, cancel ‘this crown of” and

" insert “—said first—. 9

- Claim 10, eancel line 5 and insert —for admitting a

fluid to said body, said. passageway being—. 3%

REM ARKS

The iiactnnataai nee been carefully Pevised to correct au

the formal errors therein. | —

Corrected prints and a letter. to’ the Chie Deatininan | is -

attached. - ve ca Sik :

~ Claims 2, 3,4 statid atiowead. ae

Claims. 7- 10 inclusive have been » aieundee to define the

invention ‘claimed more ‘clearly and are now believed to

be free from the: noted objections. As no art has been

cited, these @aiins should now be allowable. |

cited, these claims show now be‘allowable, -° —* :

A. \E. Aghnides

©. -.By Frank 8. App leman

- Frank S. Appleman, Attorney.

Bee BN se Si By ha aN ae reli eat eS Fe

Cite ihe aie Ne Mller l oat Shs. elite Boa bore ie ee gh

"Apr, 28, 1937 A*S*L-

Plaintiff's Exhibit 15-2 App, 45

U. S. Patent Office nine “dia: 30.1937

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE

In the application ao Ne

Ehe Aghnides — a}

Serial No. 52,923

Filed Dee. 4, 19%

ey * Stamp—U. S. Patent Oflee—May 3, 1937

' Division

For Fluid Mixing Devices in which a be

- One of*the Liquids is under Pressure ee

a: Commissioner of Patents, Soe iecontaes

ee a ees

tional amendment is hereby made as llows:

Cancel the matter inserted on e 5, line 6.

& Page 5, line 6, after ‘‘the” (secon occurr nce) insert

lower ends of the parts 3, 3*, 20, 50, 60 and 70, a— —

, Respectfully ‘submitted,

- Elie Aghnides | She

- By Prank S. Appleman _

oe dina 3 Frank 8. Appleman, eT:

A-LBL - . aot

Apr. 30, 1937 | z

93 Letterhead —

Da OF COMMERCE :

' United States Patent Office «

* Washington

in oe of this application. -

Conway P. Coe

Commissioner’ of Patents.”

Applicant: Elie Aghnides ‘i

Ser. No.—52,923 _ . ga

| : Filed—Dee. 4, 1935 7

. om For Fluid Mixing. Deviebs

Sues - in which one of the fluids.

A everehe is: under | Pressure ie he

(Frank gs. oe dees

- 1331 G:St., ,

a oS Pee eo oe : - ‘Paper ‘No. 8

: See

— _—Supplemental to ‘dmendment filed Ape: 23, 1937, ad di- :

, Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER m

Mailed Jal 14 1937 x

Washington, D | > G) ice. nce ae lie cae xe

App. “6. bain iixhibit 15

iat

As amended aint :23 and 30, 1937.

Permission to amend. the drawing with res: spect to. 5 Fie.

1 and Fig. 3 is not-granted. There -is nothing in-the |

amended specification to indicate what 9 and 9b are sup-

ment is held to be new matter. |

The case now contains claims 2, 3; 4 and 7 to 10.

SD nsec, 2,- 3: and 4 are-held to read upon -figs. 1 and. 8

7, 8 and. 9 could not ‘be amended as directed since -

. the claims do not contain.the words “container for a”.

It is impossible to tell wat applicant wants to have

_ cancelled.

As near as the examiner can determine, claim 7. reads | 7

only upon figs. 1 and 8 also.

Claim 10 does not read upon any’ ‘figure. Which embodi- :

ment shows. ¢ylindrical — andy connected to ‘‘a delivery

pipe of fluid under pressure” and also to ‘a closed space

containing a fluid to be mix aa to, the fluid under pressure?

The examiner can find n structure-shown. .

the -art of record: that. the

-prosd: oF iden, of asp fr

broad of idea of gehen He gas. into a liquid'stream is _|

96: old in numerous structures similar to applicant’s and

at any invention in this case lies in specific details

f- the aspirator. Applicant has shown some eight

forms ‘of aspirators. It is obvious that these cannot’ all

be covered by a generic claim.

posed to represent as amended.. In any he gree Boar >

~ ment does not show “two perforated plates” as descri es

' in the original description. This portien of the amend. _

From the present informal condition of the claims it is :

not possible. to tell what species they are intended to -

cover but it is clear that none even purport to be generic.

- For example, none purport to:cover figs. 2 to 4.

In aceordance with Commissioner’s Order 3254, to which

_ applicant’s attention. was. previously called, he is required

to elect the referred species in his response. -

He‘is further required to rewrite the. entire specifica-.

tion -and claims 8 to 10, as these claims, as well as the. ~*

specifications, are substantially unreadable because of i

numerous amendments. .

After two office actions and. two responses the case does.

not a IP to be. sufficiently clear to enable the art to be

appli

‘pear in the case and no election of ee has been made,

n any intelligent manner. -No generic claims ap-

ECA ISy OM EET TY RE Ne

ih Sac casei lS ld ae

—-

| oe lalate Mexhibit 15°" - 0.2 App: 47

~~ A new direction should be sent for amendment of thé -

drawing, omitting the parts which are’ for new matter. ©

3 In view of the informal condition of the case’ an early

“response ik-urged.© =< 3: cs

ee a 4 Fish : | ew 4 @. 3

_ Examiner. ©

’ .

‘ CWwM

; 8 Mai Divtsion = 2s op ae

/ Jan. 4, 1938 : at ee ee ae.

J = U. S. Patent Office .. | - :

evs

tamp—U. 8. Patent Office—Jan 6 1938—Division XXX

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT. OFFICE. *

An the application ef~

“Klie Aghnidés - .

| Serial.No, 62923:-....-".-’ hens abv, 32 086

g . Filed Dec. 4, 1935 ' Room 4086 —

“For Fluid Mixing Devices: ® Nd ai a

~ lon. Commissioner of Patents, |, -/

Sir: y oes

_ Owing to the fact that a- continuing application has

. been filed under. date: of . December 31, 1937, Serial No,

_ 182884, which also. iticludes the Subject matter of this

|. application, this application is ‘not. further prosecuted.

nn PUP Bia submitted, |

gay sp hie Aghnidea . i, Siar

es _'-s By Frank ‘S. Appleman 2 3

Frank 8. Appleman, Attorney. :

—

Jan. 4, 1938

- FSA*LBL ~ i ON A eae |

Not up for action., 1s response necessary.’ Will become

abandoned Jan..14.. = ©: °:

See. that continuing cuse referred to contains proper

reference to this case. ; | Ss torrie

2 App. .48 ~ Plaintiff’s Exhibit 15

47 PUREE

e ae re * 1935

“$y “CONTENTS © ale 2

1. Asatiaatiom nite aelades sian papers. 43

. 2. TPrial—Dec. 9, 1935. es

a | Rejection—Feb. 0, 1035.

4, _ Amendment—A—Aug. - 10, 1936

5. Rejection—Oct. 23, 1936 = ) f.

6. Letters to Draftsman—2 Prt—Apr. 23, 1937

7. Amendment—B—Apr. 23, 1937. é .

8s Amendment & Suppl: —Apr. 30, 1937,

_ 9. - Letter—Jul. 14, 1937° .

10. Letter—Jan: 4, 1938 .. + es

‘D1. Petition for Access—Dee. 14; 1942

° 12. Petition for Access—Feb.”9,.1944

a Petition for Access—Feb. 12, 1944

‘Petition for Access—Nov. 25. 1947

4 Petition for Access—Apr. 22/48

16. Petition for Access—Mar. 18, 1949 ..

17. Petition: for Access—Nov., 10,. 1949 -

18.' Petition for Access—Jan. 25, 1950.

19. Petition for Access—Jan. 30-50

ip 20.

‘Petition for Access—June 2, 1950 |

ee me 2 eee eee

3 . . . .

REE Ete ee jE OAAY, tee Pop peo sh sai, oie G : uy : ’

Garay Pak pe SR ama AN Lae I Myr arse Pig Se wat Sp etn a oF Rey ae i ' aa . _

LAUT RAY 8 nae ERNE RING. TE RE OPN Le SG eth OI See RE RE PPO Mi ASS Bai 4 \ ise rye § Pe iy

i oe eye 97 Wey ASO re ae ee oo ee LEM ATE ae a SO eat Peg aoe Zeno Ty Oa ON Be NOs SN AE Ses DR: Sag

r : lon PF a etaed Mea) : Lo OR gE TS HRD LUD Ad RN ast BIER OR Tit ty , MPR, ea RM pated Oy RST

is? pies’ eS Kes M4 bs 4A x

sda, ,

-—

tme

OND Y, et Bow

App. a0 > Plaintiff's Exhibit 16.0 | a6

“(Stamp—-ULS; Patent Office Dee, 31, 1987)

Dee SEBTARHOS

. -—Cheek—30.00 | a

| DE YETTION

To the Commissioner of Patents: ,

Your petetioner, [el 3 AG IINIDES, | a citizen ‘Bt the

Greek “Repidlic, and. ar resitlent. of | Brussels, Belk gium,.

whose post-oflice adress is 609 West 156th SL, , New York.

++ : prays

that letters patent Way ® granted to him for the’ in-

vention im FLATD MINING DEVICKS, set forth in- the. |

annexed specification; aid he hereby appoints KRANK-S:

APPLEMAN, of 1331 G. Street, Northwest, Washington,

~~ D.C, this attorney, with full power of substitution and

revoention, to-sign the drawings, to prosecute hi: is applica- —

tion, to make alterations and amendments therein, to re- .

ecive the patent,-and to prgsecute all business in the ~

dt vaterit Office connected therewith.

. : | Blig Aghnides |

(U. _ Patent Office: ban. Ao 1938 Division XXXII)

| SP 1s CUI ‘ATION | |

TO Alda, WHOM iy MAY CONCERN: * lie |

BE IT KNOWN That L, tal AGIINIDES, a citizen

of the New York A tree —Repabtie; residing at: New York,

Bnssels Belen, hive invenfed ecrtain new and useful |

- Simprove ments a Ib ULIN. MIXING DEVICES , of which -

the following is a specification: s

9 . ‘his invention relates to a deyice for intimately |

— Inixingoa gas witha hquid, and ordinarily i is employed

for aerating water. This application is “a continuation

‘in part of niy eartier application Serial No. 52, 923, filed

December 4, 4935, °

Broadly speaking, my invention consists “ a ‘device

intended to be connected to a’source of liquid under pres-

‘sure, such as an ordinary water tap, and ineludes ‘a cham-_

- her provided with one or more apceralures -an—eperatare

through whic h the water is foreed into the chamber with .

‘aubstantial Volve ity and as a result, the Hquid stream has

very substantial kinetie energy Proper openings are

“provided leading: into the chamber from the outside ¢ air

uit

. <a ee | Plaintiff’s Exhibit 16 2 App. 51:

a so that the flow of water will draw-air r into the chamber

according to the well-known venturi principle. In accord-_

ance with my invention, heffe- means are provided in the

path of ‘the HW water jet .

Ce PLR Cia BEN Pie

: i tole. An. outlet for the chamber | is. provided

from which: the. water mixed with air can emerge.’ It is

- advisable t ve the outlet of smaller cross section than’

the cross section of the chamber so that the water will

flow in a coherent stream; but the outlet should be of

: sufficiént . size relative to the aperature or aperatures —

- through which the water is introduced into the chamber:

so that the water mixed with air will emerge ata sub-

stantially lower velocity: than the. water entering the

chamber. Of course, when I refer to the outlet forming

a coherent stream, I do not mean to imply that the outlet

cannot. be divided - into several such streams, if de-. ©

. sired. .

3." . he, essential Teature of my invention 18 an pr.

‘rangement of the baffle means’ relative to’ theAnlet

-dperature so that the force of the stream or jet on striking

: On * Z

t uf Moist ee : z

pL a teas Viapes cy

AR iss Sle Meer Sse

as possible. Accordingly, this baffle must be e6rrectly posi-

tioned relative to the inlet aperture. to five this ‘result,

which demands a proper placing both 4s regards distance

and angle s@that the water will ha¥e a definite breaking

effect on both@fluid and .air splashing-effeet: A baffle ar-

ranged close to the inlet apgrfture and more or less fol-

lowing the line of the. nathof the water will not ‘sive the’

desired result but will simply cause the path of the water .

to be deflected withéut the water. stream being broken

ss up. However, sue a deflector could be used to turn the —

<=. .. path of the wafer against the walls of the chamber pro-

=. vided that #fe pressure is great. enough so that when the

water isSpread out over such deflector it still maintains

. — shit velocity so that-when striking the walls of the

xf fiber both water and air ts broken up it-is-eplattered-

“Tn the refer red sebadbaaas of my ‘invention, the-aper

the water is introduced into the mixing

ttt : ea p'urality of aper-

chamber. through

tures,

the baffle serves to break up the stream or jef'as much.

a Also [ find that a highly efficient form > .

App. Bye Plaintiff’s Exhibit 16

of Metin means hatte far-enneinge-the- isthe

“angeeffeat is a fine sereen locaited. itt, the outlet, and [ have

found,

? yO aw Tatts os

4 +H that even better results can be obtained if two

or more superposed seréns are used in - the outlet

discharge. f/m that case the rst sree serves as @ ballle

and also serves to. Subdivide-sémewhat. the air bubbles,

“while the second, sex serves principally .to° cause a

further subdivision of the air and _the water bebbles.

- size*or the mesh ‘employed is not critical but I have >

tained. good resnits where the holes. in the screen meas-

ured. about’ .6 square millimeter end+he-eater:

My invention ean readily be understood by reference to

the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. } is-a. sectional

view of a device cmbodying my invention which is shown -

as attached to:an. ordinary water fauect through the

medium of a conneeting device such as is described in my

Patent. No. 2,071,780; Mig. -2-is a sectional view. of a de-

vite adapted ‘Lo be serewed ite: an ordinary water pipe;

Fig. 8 is a section on Jine 3—3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a sec-

‘Sonal view. showing a further modified farm; Figs..5, 6°7

and S are additional sectional views showing . fur ther modi-

fications; and Kig, Visa section” on line 9—9 of Fig. 8.

| Referting now to Fig. 1,° 10 designates an ordinary

faucet or tap. 12 isa tap connector, the operation of which

is described in detail in my patent above referred. to.

14 is the casing of the mixing device enclosing the primary

mixing: chamber. The perforated, sereen 16 admits the

water into the easing 14.in the form of a plurality of jets. &

‘N plurality of air ports: 18 are provided for admission of... 4

air inte the interior of the casing 14° 20 is a sereen at ©

the lower part of the casing, and below the screen 20

"othe casing narrows to form a passage ea =

5 When the water is tirned thro his device, if 4

the faucet is only opened s y so that very Hittle

kinetie energy is develo vith the water as it enierges. |

from the perforutiops-—™m sereen 16, the water will come, |

out of the disghafge 22 in a perfectly normal manner. 7

Plaintiff’s Exhibit 16 2 App. 33 -

; Q - > . a Sha :

However, as the water: pressure is increased. and_ :

velocity increases, the water emerging from_theperfora-

‘tions ef sereen 16.will draw air into. thethamber through -

the ports 18 and this. waters riking the screen 20 at

comparatively hig TOcity will splate +nio—

—Ghambergud<bthral« . inely divided thereashh

ped he-eHs / This water, again contacting with the

screen 20, will pass through the screen- with the air and

_ emerge from the. outlet-22. As the diameter of outlet 22.

‘ js substantially greater than the aggregate diameter of -

the perforations:in ‘screen 16, the water will have relatively

low velocity as it comes out from the discharge. =~ .

When my device is functioning, the ‘water,- due. to the

_ thorough admixture of air, has ‘characteristics ‘which are:

. surprisingly different from those of water as ordinarily _-

_ discharged from a faueet. For example, .if one’s hand is

_ put in the course of the water, the water will flow evenly

and uniformly..over the surface and will ‘wet the entire

surface’ without splashing. Also it will be found that. if:

the discharge from such faue¢et is allowed to flow into a

- . weak ‘soap solution, it will .make-an extraordinary amount. ~

of foam, which -will be found. very useful for washing;

for instance, when washing clothes or dishes. ‘Again it

will be found that the introduction of the air into the —

water will raise its dissolved oxygen content and the —

- . * aeration tends to remove objectionable odors and gases

6. from the-water, rendering it more. palatable.. These

effects’ are apparently /due to the extreme. thorough-

ness with which the aeration takes place in my device and

the results: are quite different from the results obtained

-by ordinary injection devices in which the air is not

thoronghly broken up so that when‘the two fluids leave |

the apparatus, the air quickly separates from the water ©

In the form of device ‘shown in Fig. 2, a metal. casing

24-is screwed direetly onto the faucet 11. This casing

holds: the screen 26 against! the mouth of the faucet and

_ the casing is provided. with an outlet sereen 28. A series

of ports 30 are provided in the casing to admit air in a

‘Manner similar to that already. .described -in connection

with Fig, 1, BF Geeta ASME et ee aa

In Fig. 4.the casing 32 is provided with a union coup- |

ling 34 for connection to an ordinary lose bib, The screen’

36 is clamped between the casing 32 and the mouth of

; }

* the air.

2 App. 54 as Plaintiffs Exhibit 16 bs e

the heals bib. Air is ‘ideltien to the interior of the casing

by-a series of horizontal perforations 38, In, this case

two screens are provided at the outlet as indicated at 40

and 42, which will cause the air bubbles: in the water to-

be somewhat smaller . than where oly .a_ single screen

is employed. ae

Fig. 5 illustrates a‘ case where a single aperture is em- |

ployed for admitting fluid to the chamber. In this’ figure,

the casing 44 is serewed to the faucet 46 and clamps in

place a plate ‘48 having a single aperture in the middle.

A plate 50 supported by- legs 52 is positioned in the lower

part of the chamber and below this is preférably po-

7 sitioned .a_sereen 54, ‘The water from the aperture

in plate 48 strikes plate 50. and due to its kinetic |.”

_ energy the stream is br ‘oken up and thoroughly mixed with ’

In Pig. 6 the plate 56. has a plurality of token: near the

periphery and the casing 58 is formed with inwardly ex-

tending projections as indicated at 60. The principal part -

of the water coming through the openings in the plate 56 ©

will strike these projections and “be broken up as pre- |

viously -deser ihed. In this case, a-screen 62 is also used in

the device. :

An cffeet ma to_that shown in Fig. 6 is illustrated |

in Fig. 7 except that instead of having a plurality of aper-

~ atures in the plate, the plate 64 has a single central. orifice

shaped to throw the-water outwardly. The casing 66 again

has projections as indicated at 68 similat to the. projec- |

tions 60 deseribed above. .

Another form of my device is shown in Figs. 8 and

9. In this arrangement it is possible to mix three fluids,

one of which. is under pressure. Leading into a mixing |

chamber 72 are. a pluraiity of passages 74 to. permit en-

trance of a fluid under pressure into the mixing chamber

72 enclosed by casing 70. The inlet port 76 intersects and -

leads into.one group of passages 74 near the upper end

of the passages; and: another inlet port 77 likewise inter-

. sects and leads into anothér group of. passages 74. The

inlet ports 76 and 77 do not connect with one another;

in consequence the channels ‘74 are grouped into: two sec: -

tions, éach section being connected. to an inlet port.. In

this form of ‘my device. each inlet port. may admit a dif-

——

ntjuiseanaeaie ’

—————

— ———

Plaintif’s Mxhibit 16... .-2 App. 55

| ferent fluid. into the mixing chainber. The CTOSS-sec- |

& tional area of passages 74 is greater after intersection

hy inlet ports 76 and 77 and: the cross-sectional area

of the passages continues to incréase as the passages ap-

_ proach’ the mixing ehamber.. As in preceding examples

the fluid under‘ pressure conrses. through passaizes 74 and

draws: fluids from inlet ports 76 and 77 into the enlatged

portion of passages. 74. Baffles 78 project into fhe pas-—

sages at'the point where_the. passages discharge into the

mixfgg chamber. The baflles in part interrupt the course .—

of th&ginids in cach passage and thereby serve to effect —

a prelitgpayy mixing of the fluids. Within the mixing

ehamber sercens SQ im spaced -relation are placed.

across the path of the fluids emerging. from the passages —

74 to interrupt abruptly the course of all such fluids and

thereby cause the fluids to mix and sub-divide into minute.

_particles.. The fluids are discharged through the outlet 82...

While I have referred to perforated upstream plates

an, trletapertizes- and downstream screens for

the—ovtlet—haftes, it is possible to use perforated plates

or, (except in certain: forms) screens-in. either position.

In the various forms of device shown, .the screens. and

the plates forming. the apertures. are made readily re-

‘movable so that the devices can easily be cleaned. zu,

ection with sueh cooling ~ |

_. Operations it ma

sations to.

10, What T elaim is: | es

| I. A device’ of the type described. comprisi

o chamber, an aperture to admit liquid into such -ehtimber,

means for delivering to such aperture liquid“under suf- |

ficient pressure so- that. the liquid rging therefrom

- moves with substantial kinetic: enetfZy, a passage leading ©

into such cahmber for the admission .of air, baffle means

_tm the path of liquid emeffing from said aperture adapted

abruptly to interrapt the path of movement of. such liquid

whereby the-Kinetic energy of such liquid causes the |

strean-of liquid tobe broken up and mixed with the air -

in-sftid chamber and a passage from said chamber adapted:

@B D ‘App. 56° Plainitift’s Exhibit 16 to &

to discharge the liquid axed with air ata velocity sub: .

stantially less then the velocity of. thee ciel meyging -

from the aforesaid apertut —. a

_ 2 A structure as peta in slains 1, in/Which the. _

liquid is, adinitted into id ss amapeces’ throug 8 plurality .

-of apertures. |

3. A. strueture as specified in “elgj 1, in which .the

liquid is admitted into .such chambe through a plurality ©

of apertures fotmed in a remgwible sereen.

'- downstrex

4. A. structure: ‘as — in elaim 1, in which - the.

. -paflle means comprises a feen positioned across the dis-

| . charge from .said :chayther.

5. -A structure ya specified in claim 1, in which the |

“liquid admitted jatto the chamber passes. through a plu-

rality of opepifigs in-a screen and a plurality of screens

7 are poaiten ed across | the ‘discharge from. the ehamber

i: a In ‘sombingtion. with a water fancet, a cas)

- adapted to be attached to such faueét, a pe ted

member held across the mouth of such<fat : Py such —

. easing, -a chamber below such screen, air, sages. e

into such chamber whereby air. may-b€ drawn into such

chamber by the action@f watervemerging from said per-

- forated member, an outle{-from: said chamber and a

screen across said ouflef adapted, to serve as a baffle -:

whereby the -kinetie~energy of the water entering said:

“chamber causgs-the water to -admix—with-uir drawn into”

T and subsequently permits the water mixed =~

to pass: out through. the discharge from said.

ee Teyice Tor intimately ~ mixing cat Teast two

one of which is under pressure. comprising. in™

-. tion a hollow. body having means for connectipg”

to a delivery pipe of fluid under pressu |

-persing the fluid under pressure, inl

means and in the wall of said b

a fluid to. he mixed with: th

means downstream the j

mix together. before

sectional area o

oceur and th

downstream said |

7 for the admission of —

uid under pressure and —

s for causing both fluids to

caving the hollow hody, the cross .

e body i the point where said inlets -

foss sectional area of the body immediately

said inlets being larger than the free stream-

fion for the fluid “under: re eassiatied up-

eam said inlets. : ?

ing.

—- Plaintiff’s Exhibit “16... 2 App. 57.

12. 8... A ae ‘vice for intimately mixing at least t

- fluids -one of which is under pressure comprisj

~coinbination_a_hollow. ody. _ having means for. ¢

said hody to a delivery pipe of uid mnder pr

for dispersing the fluid wider: pressure, inle

@aid méans and in the wallof said hog,

of a fluid to he mixed with the flyxf under pressyre and

niwans downstream the inlets Jor causing both fluids to

mix together before ieavi the. hollow hody, the cross ,

sectional area of the bodat the point where. ‘said inlets

-eceur and the cross s

downstream said jffets heing larger than the free stream-

_ing section foythe fluid’ under pressure immediately up-

| inlets, the means for causing ‘the fluids to

ier comprising at least’ two perforated members

eam the. escape opening of the hollow body, these

mbers being spaced from each other. 3

J. A device for. intimately mixing at least two flujas

one of which is under pressure comprising in combingtion

a hollow body having means for connecting said JOdy to

: a délivery pipe of. fluid. under pressure, meapeé for dis- .

peta the fluid under pressure, inlets do ftream said

means and.in the wall of said hodv fors tht admission of

. ‘a fluid to be mixed with the fluid upder pressure and:

' means downstream. the inlets for gafising both. fluids to

mix together hefore leaving the Afollow ‘body, the cross

sectional area of. the hody at fe point where. said inlets

oecur and: the eross. sectionairea of the hody immediately

ecting

re, means.

fs downstream.

‘Tor the admission

“~~ downstreamsaid inlets pie larger than. the ffe stream-

- ing section for tl Taid- mder pressure immediately

13 upstream said prfets, the means for. causing the fluids

to. mix .togejkér comprising at least’ two. perforated

__thembers upstvéam said inlets, the means for causing -

the fluids te’ mix together comprising at least two -

forated yémbers upstream the escape opening of the 94 af

low hpdy, these members: being. spaced from:each other.

ang rimorreunet ~ ‘the. interior of the hollow ‘body down-

Hrean c members

10.. A ‘aves of. the type described comprising shath-

ber having an aperture at.an entrance to_s chamber,

means for, delivering liquid under.

chamber in the form of a je Ts to admit air-into. said

chamber, baffle. means stantially below said aperture

. a plane approximately perpendicular

of said ead and a ee passage from. said

fo <4 “ Cc

7 . a

ional area of the body immediately es

ty .

2 App. 58 ‘Plaintiff's sana

ofl, A device of the type deseribed comprising a cha a

ber having a plurality. of inlet, ports for the introdugtfon

- Of fluids into said chamber, one group of said inl

having means connected thereto. for supplyig

pressure, said “eg ports having a total cress sectional

area sabstantidtly | ess than the ¢ress sgefional area. of -

the supply means ‘leading to said gr of inlet ports

thereby to form jets of uid te ine ase the. velocity of

fluid - passing through said. porp under. pressure and —

another gronp: of said inlet ports adjacent the aforesaid ‘.

inlet ports to permit (nid noMiunder spressure to be drawn

into said chuuber by .vipete. of. the*inereased velocity of

the fluid coursing thro att ‘the afor esaid inlet ports under }

pressure, dividing tye means positioned in.a plane. sub®

.. stantially peyfendicular to the path of fluid coursing -

14 © throughs $x group of inlet ‘ports for fluid under

| pressute/ and a discharge port; the. cross sectional

area of {he discharge. port bemg greater than the sum of

Aectional aréas of the inlet ports for fluid under —

ure but less than the greatest cross sectional area

“the chamber: ~ REESE

TZ. A device of the .type described in élaim 11 ein

the inlet ports for the introductio tis not under —

_ ‘pressure comprise. a gr Ports for-introducing one.

kind of fiud. amother group of ports for introducing

| LOS oe ee COP Pe

FOS adapts! TAL ALR RE OTF MELAS PRLS Me eae ETON LY ARE TLR) OR eeRa LS

: Sis my

13. A device of the type described in_claim herein.

a sereen is placed_belo Te means and is fines mg .

A ally —neratter the TO 7 TO supno oe 1 bubble 2

14. A device of the type described in claim 11_w

Pla AP hg extend partially into the pa ormed ty

he inlet ports’ for ffuid. under—pressure and below the —

‘inlet ports, for fluid. er: pressure thereby to effect

of fluids | hefore the fluids strike the

Bes WES Ee ae . #

State of New York iS Gar Gs ti et eae

County of New York {° _ : | nee eae

Elie Aghnides, heing duly. sworn, deposes any says: |

_ That he is a citizen of the Greek Republic, and a resident

of Brussels, ‘Belgium; that he verily. believes himself to

; An : :

Oe Be ot ee Sg) Piha eh as: Go Sa ae yr A RP ee NPN OE ft Oe Wh iin 1 ce AS ee Sa ree ar sad Sel eo Bb by site” ky Nad ”"

Neti a i ds A ka i RY at ok a a a TERT RRS ROOT ties NON the PEP eae pet a i Baik ale

Plaintitl’s Mxhibit 6.7.2 App. 59 |

a be the original, first and sole inventor of. the paren new

and useful improvements in FLUID MIXING DEVICES, »

- described and claimed in thesannexed speeification which

. discloses and: claims ’«ertain matters derived from an

earlier application filed by him on December 4, 1935,

Serial No. 52,923, for “Pinid Mixing Devices in ‘Which

One of the. Fluids Is Under. Pressure”; that he does not “fg

. know and does not believe that-the same was ever known \\ |

or used before his invention or discovery thereof, or pat-

-ented-or described in any printed publication in the United |

' States of Ameriea, or any. foreign country before his

invention or discovery thereof; that he does not know and

does not believe that the same, except as to matters dis-—

_.. closed in said’ application Serial Number 52,923, was pat-

ented or described in any printed publication i in the United

* States of. America, or any foreign country more than

- two years prior to: this applicatien,:- or in public use or

on sale in the United States for more. than two years prior |

sto this application; or patented in any country foreign to

_ the United Stafes on an application filed by him or his

_legal representatives or assigns more than twelve months -—

prior to this application. and that no application for pat-

ent on said invention has been filed by him or his legal

/-. representatives and assigns in any country. foreign

16° to the United States, except as follows :,

st S December 8, 1934.. a Be

and in- a "mamber of other foreign countries, he ‘exact

list of which is not. now available to affiant, i of which —

_. applications ‘were filed within -one year subsequent.to the . .

' date of 'the filing of the said Belgian application, but the

information regarding’ the specific dates thereof is. not |

now available to affiant. . ; 7.

: - Elie Aghnides - ee oe ‘ “

“| Sworn to and subscribed before’ me this [4th day of -

. December, : oy asa i Aen

a “ines Horacek ce

wie Notary Public. Bae

(Seal)

ats os yee, ‘NOTARY PUBLIC \

weet. ole, ~ Queens County No. 844 ©

ie Oieets County Register’s No. 4334

_ Certificate filed in N. Y. Co. Clerk’s No. 38

“New York County Hegister’s No. 9- H-44 ©

- Commission Expires March 30, cael

E “ f

‘ . *,

Q ,

‘Note E

Page 2 App. 60 is

on Card 8. =

: e be

. ‘ . [

: ’

4 ad

“

. -.

2 .

+ —

: .

a’

“ :

, 7

‘ .

. .

. . >

| Plaintiff's Exhibit Mey App. 6 61

oe 18 ee (Mail Division U. ‘Ss. Patent Office Der. 31.1937).-

: | In tHe Unrren States Patent Orricr 7

In the application of . i. 7 | “ae ee :

Blie Aghnides_

~ Filed herewith —

(U.S. Patent Office Jan 10 1938 Division. XXXL)

, Hon. Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C. orators er ei ak

Sire: 9 :

In the. last rasoeitiad of applicants case, Scrial No. :

52,923, the Examiner called for the -re- writing of” the -

"specification. In place of.-doing this, a. continuing appli-.. |

cation is being filed so as to permit some changes in the |

drawings and to avoid any issue in regard to new matter.

As regards the claims now submitted, the only Tefer- -

- ence of ‘importance. that previously. had been cited .

' British Patent No. 25,900 of 1909. “

~ Superficially it might appear that this patent. ‘shows : ae

structure embodying the principles disclosed by the pres-—

ent applicant, but:in fact this is not the case.. The essence.

ny 3

of applicant’s’ invention is the use of the kinetic energy -

i ' . of the water in the mixing chamber to cause a splashing - .

- water and the air. An examination. of the. British ©

19. patent shows that such an effect will not be had with

fine aperature at the top and enlarges at the bottom. As

a. result, the/ water coming through this nozzle will spread

out: into. a cone. The sleeve f is-positioned very close to

- the nozzle /e.and is so shaj ‘that water will tend to _

splashing action. It:is also é6bvious: that: the inflow of °

&* water mast be.so controlled that’ substantially all of the

_ pass through the sieve readily, it ‘would result in filling

up the space above this sieve. and instead of air. bein

am in, the water would back ap arfd go out:This dif-

that it does: not cause an abrupt change in the direction

‘of movement of the water. It is recognized that it might

not take many changes to cause the ‘structure of the |

_ British cic to operate in a manner, similar to > that of

and splattersng which leads to a thorough mixing of: the. |

the structure therein shown. The nozzle e-hasa.very _

. water will be drawn directly through the sieve f and not ae ;

_ to be deflected back, If theré is more wafer than will

.. . ference is due to the fact that the screen is so-arranged pe

| applicant, but these changes: wouka demand a recognition |

. |

~ >a .

2 App! 62 sig ing Ua Plaintiff's Exhibit 1

° 2: ~ #) ;

ofathe principles which this applicant has been thie first

to enunciate and these principles and: the changes that

would have to be made are in no way suggested by the

British patent.

It may aso be. noted that the vessel -a’ in this British

patent is maintained under vacuum by the action. of the

‘very efficient water pump. ilfustrated on the left: of the |

drawing’ (The pipe g is connected to thé unlettered pipe

which léads into the sphere in, the middle-of the appara-

tus). Because of the vacuum maintained in vessel a

air will be positively drawn iin through the top of

tube. b and this will. further serve to force water

through the sieve 'f and prevent this water from splashing |

in the manner which is essential to the operation of Spphi-

eant’s’ device. |

None of the remaining patents are pertinent and there-

fore they-are not discussed in detail. |

Of the claims now ‘submitted, Nos. 7, 8 and > are sub-

‘stantially similar to former allowed claims 2, 3:and 4°

— changed only to simplify.the form.. The remaining claims.

have been drawn with great care to avoid any objection.

9 the ground of multiplicity of species and to bring out .

: | . factors of novelty. discussed above. - :

Ee is believed that this application. is in condition for

immediate. allowance. -

\ Respectfully submitted,

Dec. 31> 1937.

N Frank S. Appleman _

| ok + , Attorney for hiulieent,.

- 91 | - (Application Div. U.S, Patent Office. Feb,. 17°30

fs y ‘IN THE UN <eD Srares Parent OFFICE -

In the application of fa

Klie Aghnides. | Ne}.

Serial No. 182)884 © $y ee

Filed December 31, 1937. Ses see

Fluid Mixing Devices.

(U. 8. Patent Oflice Division XXXII. Feb 19 1998)

. Hon... ‘Commissioner of Patents,

Uf aie

In the above entitled application, please enter the. fol-

lowing amendinent ; .

Plaintiff’s Exhibit 16. oc. App. 63.

‘ oe .

Page 3, line 9, cancel “splashing effect” and fanart

breaking effect on both liquid and air—.

Lines 18 and 19, cancel “it is splattered into droplets

and mixéd with air” and insert—both water and air are

broken up—.

Line. 25, . cancel “splatteririg” ak it ie |

Line 28, cancel “from the apertures to splash. back”

and insert—and air to be broken up—.

Line 29, cancel “togmix with the air”. —

Cancel: line 30, and insert—finely subdivide ‘the air and

' the, water passing through it. For this—. :

~ Page’ 4; line 4,. cancel “somewhat”.

Line 6, gancel, “bubbles” ‘and insert—and the water—.

But an importaat feature which

1 have found ab: aly necessary and critical in {k€ use

of such ‘baffles, and mofe pa partjonlarty with thé use of

screens perforated plates, /is that the/@ividing or

breaking up effect must be considerabjey while the re- ~—

sistance offered by the solid mgéérial of the baffle .

. 22° must be as low as possible.. Ji s can be obtained by

reducing the solid. parts yefhaining among the holes —

of the perforated plate as jafich as possible in order that

the little streams of weter issuing from the holes join

immediately each ofk€r to form a single jet and not a

plurality of jets 2 it occurs by. the use of ordinary per-_

forated lates Due to. this very low resistance of the

baffles, the“air drawn in by the water passes almost

entirelythrough the” holes and, as the water forms ‘a

singté jet, this air remains imprisoned in the form of |

Mr bubble n the column o

= Page. 5, line 10, cancel “splatter back into the . cham-

ee and”, petal |

-. Line 11, cancel “thoroughly mixed with the’ air” and

insert; finely divided—. - ie

* Please add the following. claima: PAWS. Wee TES

—16 J®. K device according to claim 1, in whi

_. baffle means comprises .a_ perforated ‘plat 0s

across the discharge from said chamb

plate being of such constructio

siderable breaking up e

it has a@ very con-

and that the solid parts

remaining among t Oles are reduced as much as pos-_

Sible in ord offer a resistance as low as ‘possible

) ure the formation of a single jet at the issue

is perforated plate. :

—

2 App. 64 Ss Plaintiff's Exhibit 16.

ora A device according to claim 6 ‘wherein-the-per~_.

_forated member i cmbedded-in-a peripherical groove of

»_ rubber-conmhecto} onnecting. ‘ casing ¢ he tance

After the case is. allowed, please renumber claim 15.

as 8 5, and claim 16 as: 7.

: Respectfully. submitted, :

ee Bhe Aghnides oe

Hen _ By Frank S. Appleman |

me Frank 8. B cparmee! seeped |

February, 17, 1938. |

A/W : mide es ee S|

93 Div. 32... Reom 4086 - te _PRN/e ee

| " Davantuaget OF Canario.

United States Patent Office.

| . Washington

: Plrieni find- below a communication. from the EXAM-

INER in charge of this application.

Ke ~ - -Conway P: Coe, -

Commissioner of Patents

| (Mar 21 1938)

Frank. 5. ae :

Washington, b

4 App leant: Fie wahnides

ire mie.

Teena hee . Filed . Dee. 31, 1937

2 lt Shon Pid Mixing Devices

ji amended Feb. 17,1938 :

References:

Felten et. al (British) 6, 012 A. d, Mareh 12, 1909 ‘261- 76

(1 sheet of drawings) — :

_ Hieffmann (British 125,809 May i 1919. . 261-76

(specification, 5 pages, drawings, 1 'sheet)

Ryles et al (British). 328,924 none 5, 1930 261-76

(specification, 4. pages, drawings, 1 sheet) 3

-Weidmann (British) 25,900 Nov..9, 1909 261 16°

(specification, 2 pages, drawings, 1 sheet) :

_. Claims, 1 to 15 are rejected on British patent. 25,900

herein as shown at h° a perforated baffle breaks up the

mixture of gas and quid: The liquid nozzle h' also a .

- pears to be provided with a anereres screen below. i

‘Plaintiff's Exhibit 16 | 2 App, - ;

The plurality of screens bination no distinction over .-:

single screen. |

Claims | ta 15 are further rejected on. Felten et al die

ing particularly a plurality of gereens for the purpose set

forth. No invention is involved in cet Ais the liquid

ports especially in view of Ryles. - 3

Claims 15 and. 16, filed Apr. 17, 1938, are "renumbered :

16 and 17, —

Claim: 16. is rejented as functional and - tudefinite for

-. beyond a mere perforated plate. the limitations refer to

matters. of operation not supported ‘by said plate. The

terms are such that no one could pessibly decide whether

- they infringed: or not. The language .“as. much as pos-—

sible”, “as low as: possible” is especially objectionable. -

That “single jet is fiially formed” is not supported by :

| any of the previously recited structure.

24. Claims, 16 and 17 are rejected on the references —

to claim 1 for-like reasons, Claim 17 impositively adds

a rubber connector, This, if a part.of the alleged inven-

- tion, must be positively set forth. However, no difference

--of material will constitute a patentable distinction unless

it supplies a novel functionsnot obvious from the known __

properties of the niaterial.

Claims 1_to 17 are: ‘Tejected-

PAN cae ee

| /s/ Fish

D.,. Can ae eatae mre aye on ~ Examiner.

e - | Amendment B !

(WU. S. Patent Office Jun 22. 1938' Division XXXII

Paper No. Jun 21 1938 Division 89) - 7

IN THE UniTED Srares PaTENT Orrice

In the application. of

Elie A

Serial No. 182 884 ,

Div. 39°. ‘

Filed December 31, 1937 | aon ee es =

Fluid Mixing Devices | : =

~ Hon. Commissioner. of Patents,

é)

(2°App. 66° ~~ Plaintiff’s Exhibit 16

Sirs ae | | re peed

Replying to oe Office Action dated Mare ai, 1938,

please enter the following amendments: :

Page, 2, line 15, cancel “‘hafile” —

line 17; change “this baffle”? * into “them?” .

_Page 3, cancel first paragraph and replace by: |

“The essential feature of my mvention 18 an arrange:

ment of a dividing means in-the path of the liquid empérg-

ing from the aperture delivering liquid. to the afgfesaid —

chamber, this dividing means being adapted ‘to fipély break

up the fluids and to imprisons in the liquid yfr particles

forming therein such small bubbles that ey remain in.

suspension in the jet. - °

It has been suggested: to divide the quid stream adie

pressure in order to increase the cpfitacting aera between

this liquid and the pas; it has alge’ been proposed to divide

the stream of liquid and alsot%he gaseous fluid, in order

to have a good mixing of }6th fluids, but in no case, the *

division has been so/ine as to form in the liquid such -

96 narrow gaseous } bles that these latter: would re-

main in FUspepsio;n in the issuing jet. In the devices

‘suggested until Afow, the gaseous fluid- drawn by- the.

liquid séparafés immediately. at the outlet of the ap- |

paratus an@’no known apparatus has for its object, as —

this is thé case in my invention, the formation ofa co-

herenj“and ‘‘white” jet, this, being due to the very. fine -

— division of the air and to the formation of a true sus-

oxnsion of a multitude of air b mater”

Page 3, cancel 6 last lines and ‘insert:

“efficient. form of dividing means is a. fine screen locat "

at the outlet, and I have found’’ .

_ Page 4, line A, cancel “latter reason, I find’’ ms

lines 3 to 6, cancel “Tn that case .. . of the air bubbles’?

and insert\"* When more than one of such perfora

are used, they can be either spaced f ch other or.

superposed, to simplify the ¢ ion, in contradistinc-

| 3 perforated plates, which must

paced. from each other to avoid obstruc-

Please: insert the new passage sntetel by the last amend:

ment at line 6; after the following original line. 9. .

Page 5, last line but 4, before “again” insert:

yMhis. property .also is “due to {He air bubbles in suspen-

sion. It must. not be confoupded with ‘the property of a

Plaintiff's exhibit 166. 2 App. 67

—

jet flowiiie at high. vehettin--aceanal by an -injeet

‘not—which ean force a certain amount of gi Sastre

a certain amount of lather.. er is formed

large bubbles which ex} Tapidly. , ‘On the other hand

the jet has ‘the inconvenience to, splash the

Page 6, last line,® ‘cancel “preferably”

Page 7, cancel lines 4 and 5, ss. at ot ek

lines 11 and 12, cancel Here ‘‘Mere again . ». at 62” and

replace by “In ‘this cage, a. screen 62 is also used in the —

’ . device’’: ~~

. Pages 8 and 9, cancel last elite

-\ . In the claims:

27 Claim.1, cancel lines 7 to 13 and canert:

_. “means in the path of liquid emerging Ir From sai

ture, adapted to finely break up the fluids :

in the liquid air particles formi ch small bubbles

that they remain in the jet-a passage from said cham-

-ber adapted toc rge a jet having a multitude of .

bubbles_i pension at a velocity ene less. thar

Claim: 5, lines: 5 ‘and 6, eancel “and one of. of thie

~ liquid”

Cancel claims: ‘10, 13 and 15. (now dain 5): .

Claim 11). line 14, ,cHange ‘‘baffle” into ‘‘dividing’’

Claim 14, last line, change ‘‘baffle’”’ into “dividing” :

Insert. following. new claim: re ,

"TA structure according to claim i, in which-t utlet

of the. passage adapted to dise é jet has a ressefre-

mént to help risonment of free, air bubbles i in the

” Respectfully submitted,

‘Elie Aghnides

By Frank S. ‘Appleman =e

é rae S. — Atty.

: Jane 18, 1938. 3 | Sot eee

” ( Letterhead—Department of Commerce)

c Please find below a communication’ frou the Examiner in

: oharge of this application.. |

a - Conway P. Coe ae

Commissioner of Patents.

2 App. 68 ~~. Plaintiff's Exhibit 16”

Piet. a pplicant: “Blie Aghnides

. ‘ane: No. 182,884 —-

Filed Ree. 31, 1937 _ }

= | <a For Fluid Mixing Tevieis

Frank S: Appleman, . , y vey eat

1331 @ St, NOW; 5 eas, Seas tS

Washington, D. ,- 7 uteri ic

3 Mailed Jun . 23, 1938

The. cael of June 18, 1938 is not-a complete :

response tq the. office action of. Mar. 21, 1938 wherein each |

of the claims 1 to 17 was rejected. The amendment changes —

certain of the claims and: cancels others but fails entirely

tos inention claims .6.to 9, 16-and 17 and to point out any

reason_ for. reconsidering: the rejection of these or the

amended claims, or the new ‘claim 18, as requiredsby Rule. _

68. Also, it is‘ pointed out that claim 15 added by the

* amendment of Feb. 19 was renumbered-as claim 16 and

_. Jf ‘applicant intends to cancel this rather than original

Claim 15, proper: direction’ should be given” | - a

Completion of the response is required on: or before

Sept. 21, 1938 to. prevent a oe of abandonment.

Fish

- . ” Examiner Ahn

a ; (Stamp—U. 8. Patent Office ‘Sep 22 1938

: es Division XXXII).. 8

(Mail Division - Sep 20 1938 U. S. Patent Office

af aes ce Paper No. 8, Amendment: BE. . ae

In THE U NITED SraTes Patent Orrv8

In the application of |

Klie Aghnides ~~ | ener, :

_° Serial No. 182,884 : wy . ‘Div. 32 |

_ Filed’ Dee. ‘S1, 19987, .- We | Room 4086 —.

For Fluid: Mixing Devices : (2 3

Hon. Commissioner of yaad

. Sir: 3

| Responding to the official iter: of Sie 23, 1938 and

- also to the office letter of Mar. 21, 1938, the above en-

titled application is s hereby amended as: follows:

—Te

Plaintift’s Exhibit 16 2 App. | 69:

Cancel all sabia now in the: application and substitute:

— = Means Tor mtimately mIxings a plurality of

—inéluding: a) casing Shaving lateral ports admitti

‘intermediate the endg of said casing, nail og

‘an open upper end adapted for conne

of fluid under pressure, means In

“ppenings. of the latenal ports path the casing and consti- .

tuting a diaphragm having least-one opening for the .

penne of uid: enter) he. upper end of: the caning, said

n ‘to a source

casing, above the

ns sivedien ACTORS. said caging» between ie

Of entry of the Jateral ports: and said out-

30 ie Th a- device “at” the Kind Teserthed, a

~ structure having: lateral. ports opening in

_ intermediate its ends, said casing havin

- ‘ats upper end and an outlet open

| fing across. the chsing be-

tween. the "inlet on at the upper end and the , cl

ings of the ‘fal ports into the casing, and a second

-foramjneds member extending across said casing below —

openings of the lateral ports into the casing. nen

21. In a-deviee of the kind deserthed, a casing 8

ture having lateral’ ports opening. into the ca |

- mediate its ends, said easing having an inletefiening at its

upper end. and an outlet. opening at jteTower end, a for-

aminous. diaphragm extending ss the casing between

the inlet opening at the r end and the openings of

the lateral ports in Ie. easing, a, second foraminous

‘member extendipe-fAcross said casing helaw the openings

of the laterakports into the-casing, and a third foraminous

Spaced above the second foraminous member and

iw the openings of the lateral ports

“22 Tha device of the kind deseribed, a lower

_ member-having an outlet at-its lower end, an upp

. member of elastie materi and having.a | end portion

extending. downwardly into the’ top he lower casing

member and provided -with. eh ‘Is extending longitudi-

_ nally of said lower part to n air inlet ports, said upper

member -having a certfally disposed upwardly opening

| inlet and further having a chamber surrounding said .

S31 inlet ip- port communication with the lower part’of the —

; per member, a foraminous diaphragm extending

Oss 3 said upper. member adjacent its lower. end, and a

“casing |

2 App. 70 | “Plainitiff’s Exhibit .16 —

| a ATT TAT TORT ACTORS ‘Bald = W

member adjacent ifs outict:

—- 23. Im a device of the kirid described, a ial neluding

a lower member provided with an axial et at its lower —

end and a peripheral external shoylacf at its upper end,

- @n upper internal screw thre member provided with 3

an internal shoulder at j ower end CnBAgINg . beneath

con top of the Jow |

lateral po; elow said upper i vg and vdeo

xtending, across the lower member between said

8 and said outlet. |

7% In a device of the kind described; a casing |

an axial opening therethrough, said openin

upper end enlarged to form an ‘inte shoulder with

_ relation. to its lower end, said uppet end being internally.

ie i ‘diaphragm’ resting on said

nous diaphragin extending across

n the first diaphragm and the lower —

opening, and. lateral: ports_ opening, through

including a casing rene fewony ports adinittin

‘intermediate the-ends of said easing, said cas Poo —

an open upper end adapted. for connectio a source of —

fluid under pressure, means in saic Asing ahove the -

_ openings of the lateral ports into-Afe casing and consti- |

- tuting a diaphragm hayinf at Icast one opening .

32 «for the passage of fa entéring the upper end of.

the ‘easing, said ng having its lower end open to:

‘form an outlet, gad foreminous means extending ‘across

' said casing een the point-of entry of the lateral ports .

and said et, said outlet from said casing being adapted -

arge the mixture at a velocity substantially less

the velocity of liquid entering said inlet.— pe

REMARKS :

Iw order to avoid any objection that-the Official Letiers :

above noted have not been fully answered, ‘it. has been -

deemed best to.cancel all claims. in the case and substitute

the new claims as above inserted.

. These claims are believed to be patentable: “A careful

- inspection: of. the references cited fails to show any struec-,

. ture maying | a easing with “upper and lower - diaphragins

-Plaintiff’s Exhibit 16°° "2. App. 71

and ports leading from the space between the diaphrayms ’-

to the exterior of the case. Each and every one of the .

~ forms of the. invention herein- shown has exactly this con-

struction and each of the claims brings in this peculiar |

_ differentiation. from the references. It is submitted that.

~ with this type of construction, the inflowing water stream

is broken up in such manner thaf it more. readily entrains: |

the air entering through the lateral ports and then as

the mixed air and-water passes through the lower: dia-

phragm, what may. be termed a fine emulsion of the air

in the water results. re ly Stay aes esa Eo

_ None of the reference structures provide for this break- | _

~ ing up of the.air to mix with the water in the chamber and -

e >

. then the emulsifying of-this mixture. - <-- —.

33. In view of the foregoing, it is thought that allow-—

ance should be had of these claims. _" ee

e+: * Respectfully submitted,

- _ Ehe Aghnides ©

By Frank 8S. Appleman, pat

| ios Frank S. Appleman, Attorney, |

Sept. 20, 1938 es aes

34s DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

ee United States Patent Office .

Washington =i

Please find below a communication from the Examiner in

charge of this application. — - os a |

Conway P.

Applicant :) Elie Aghnides

- Filed Dee, 31, 1937.

| | «SR We a ees!

| “Por Fluid Mixing Devices’.

> Frank S. Appleman, CRene ee ewe aus cae

1331-4 St, N. W.-

Washington, D. C. | aes

' As amended Sept. 20, 1938,

ee Reference added : ig ae

' Aghnides (British) . 468,687 July 6, 1937 .

(8 cification, 2 pages, drawings, l-sheet) === — |

This application is found to ‘contain claims to four |

distinct species of invention of which (I) claim 21 reads ~

_* le boner Hixhibit 16

claim. is sp citi. tn fig. 4, (Iv) claim 24 covers figs. - 2,

h, (ity claim 22 reads only.on fig. 1, (III)

I wife to fig. 4, (IV) Claim 24 covers figs. 2,

: opeuliae is ‘requir

generic to each of ‘the above mentioned : species.

Claims 19, 20 and 25 are rejected on Weidmann, British :

" ‘patent 25,900-or Felton as applied in the last office action.

- Claims 19 and 20 fail to set forth the nature of the fluid -

y,edia and henee are mervly to.a few corventional elements

haying no particular function. As shown, however, the

perforated element through which the liquid must pass

- Claims 19, 20 and 25 are further rejected on British

. patent: 468, 687 to Aghnides: which ‘since filed more than

a year prior to this applicatio:

_~Phe-restricted outlet, x ft 25, -

and has nothing to do with mixing the fluids.

Claims 21 to 24 are rejected for, misjoinder of invention. -

‘Claims 1 to 18 are cancelled, ©

3 _Claims 19 to 25 are Tejected. pie ese

| merely. restricts its flow are fu modifying its condition.

Fish aye .

ee ee . Examiner. ! ve Paras.

88 aes ts ‘Stamp i Wed wares

U.S. Patent Office |

May 10.1939 BRIAN

3 3 : ‘Division XXXII. vena NG

Mail Division. ee | : : \

May 81939. tees \.

U. S. Patent Office | | .

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE oh

- In the application of.” : ;

Elie Aghnides _. eae

Serial No. 182,884 Or Res Div. 32 eae

Filed Dee: 31, ef : Room 4086

Yor Fiuid Mixing mab >)

Hon. Commissioner of f Patents,

Sir: ; |

-, Iw reply to the Office loiter of ie 17, 1938, it is to be

understood that the specification | particular! ? sets forth |

that this case is a ‘‘continuation in sad 0

as Serial No. 52, 923”. ee 5 Sirs OER

ge: it

my earlier

Fdance with Rule 41 election of a ‘single :

. Claims 19, 20 and: 25. appear to be .

is a proper reference. —

rerely retards the How |

Plaintift’s Exhibit a __ 2 App. ig!

The ern ae has rejected. claims 19, on and 25 in.

- part because of applicant’s said: prior application of which.

this ia a continuation’ Obviously, therefore, the Examiner |

. cannot properly reject the, present application on a British .

| _ patent | which covered the prior application, The Supreme |

. Court has held that an invention dates: fren the time the!

inventor completes it his mind, This is _hrought out

in O'Reilly v. Morse 15 Tlowe (56. U.S.) 62 109 and in

.. Loom Co, v.. Migzins, 108 U.S: 580.

Furthermore, the prior patent issued in- Kingland to the

present applicant cannot -be held> an anticipation, since

the application now pending is ‘‘a continuatign in part” ee

_. of the prior application, | pee

- 36 Please add the following claims: |

.96. A’ device Tor intimately mixing © at Teast two

| fluids one being liquid. and the other gases, one of prfhich

ig under ressure, .comprising in ¢ombination hollow

cylindrical . body connectable to a delivery pipe of fluid

under pressure, means for dividing the-Rtream of fluid .

under pressure, a. passage-way doy stream said means

in the. wall of said body for the-fdmission of fluid to be

mixed to the fluid under pregatfre, and means down stream |

this passage for obligin th flnids to mix together be-.

fore leaving the jrodkdw hody, the cross section area: of . .

_the body at thg-foint: where said passage is made and

- the cross. spetion .area-of the hody immediately down

- stream this passage -heing both larger than the. free -

- Streg mee section for the fluid under Drenenre immedi-

Ty up stream anid\-passage. |

og _ _A device for infimately mixing at Toant two Tar

one being liquid and the. other gases, one of w

. under pressure, eoanp ising i m combination a ho

drical body connectable » te a delivery pipe

pres8ure, means for dividing the -stre of fluid under

pressure, a ‘oxrtagy al way: down strepuf said means in the

wall of said body for the admixsioh of a fluid to be mixed

to the fluid. under pressurev# fid means geet streain this

\ eine a Oene h

cylin-

uid tnder.

Ze hele hoth. aie ily the free streaming.

for the fluid. under pressure immediately up

: oa said. passage, the means for: obliging : ‘the fluids to

. e*

“4S Xp. 45 * Maindars Wxhibit > -

Baal A device: Tor Labia at deast a Jiquid

wo NN.

F /

Lx together comprising at Teast” two narToralp

37 plates up ‘stream the escape opening of dhe hotfow

sets these plates being spaced. fromecach othgr ~

A device for intimately mixing at least po fluids,

one my St liquid and the other gases, ove of wth is under

_ pressure, comprising in-ecombination -a hoJdw cylindrical

body connectable to a delivery pipe of fia under pres-

sure, mens for diviging the stream fluid uncer’ pres-

sure, & passage-way down. stream sefd means in the wall. .

of sat body for the admission a fluid to. be. ntixed to:

the Muid-under ‘pressure, ad wyeans down stream this pas-.

sage fer obliging both MiidysAo. mix: ‘together before leav-

ang the hallow hody, the Woss Section area-of the hody at

the point where anid sage 1s made and the eross’ see- .

tion area of the body imnediately down stream ‘this pas-

page being ‘hoth ly rer-than the free. streaming. section for

* the fluid under sressure immediately up stream said pas-

: for obliging the fluids to mix together

” eneniie. Honing of the beliaw. hody, thene late being |

' spney a, cue We other, and di Tesrerreme nt in the inter-

pintes. --: .

“Phe. foregoing claims are. allowed cistme 0, 3 po + in

applicant? s case, Ser. No, 52,923: a

‘Also, please add. the folowing elaims :

a. A*device for HIRING at wast a liquid mdop

sure and Ar, - eompri sing a. hollow bouy, adap ) |

Jeading imta. ai hol

38 through. the_sucti af the liquid, means in the path,

+oth fluids aa aX deeb lant: ‘andia passage: from

1ollow body adapted do discharge ‘the fluids nixed. |

: res-

apted. for. con-

jquidatader pressi; re, means com. —

| apertures? for Aiyiding. the. Hiquid

anid hollow ‘hady, :

sure and air, comprising a betfow body adapted for con: |

nection toa souree-ot liga under pressure, means ford .

cater iA device Tor Ese hand. neees pres-

s s

viding the nquid ontering: said Tiollow—

. through the suction of the liqui

‘the liquid entering said hollow b

3 | 3 “k device Tor mixing “at Teast a Tquid 7

es aw connection to a source of liquid under

ing at

“gure and air, comprising a. hollow body adapat

_ nection toa source of liquid under pres:

sure and air, comprising a‘ hollow body a

terior of

Plaintiff’s Exhibit 160 °.2 App. 75

leading into such hotlow body for the adm.

inous means in the

‘om said dividing: means, for .

obligin | ds to-mix together, and a passage from

lollow bod: adapted to discharge the fluids mixed. .

dg. A device for mixing at least a liquid under pre

and air, comprising a hollow body, adapted for

to’ a source of liquid under pressure, m

path of liquid emery

or dividing”

y i- passage leading -

mission of the air throu -

S in the path of liquid emerging —

neans for obliging. both fluids to’ mix °

™Means compr ising: at least one perforated

into such hollow body for th

suction of the liquid, y

from said dividj

wesw

. pressure and air, comprising ‘a hollow bo apted »

peSsure, means

ilow hody, a pas- -

y for the admission of ~

of the liquid, means in -the

ing from said dividing means, for

tds to mix .together, said means compris-

for dividing the liquid entering sa

sage leading into ‘such hollow

the air through the sueti

path of liquid ei

obliging ho

ced from_each other. 2

34. A device for mixing at least a Tiquid under

5 means for

ven. the Eee em entering are holje

ited to. eaates the duide inna, oe a res-

in the interior .of the hollow body downstream

“mixing means. 3

30. A device for mixing at least a liquid, —

for. con-

nection to a source of liquid under_preSsure, means com-

prising a plurality of apey for dividing’ ‘the liquid

entering said holloy-hody, and a resserrement ‘in the in-

lollow hody downstream said 7 aa

40 36. A’ ‘evice of seat lig comprising a

chamber, an aperture dit liquid into such cham-

ection —

St two perforated members, ‘said members being <a

‘

: App. et Plajntiit’s Exhibit 16

seach chaniber by the

Re: 40. In combigation with a ‘water faucet,

her, means Tor "Welivertag is such aperture. liqui der

_ pressure, a passage leading into such —¢ er for the

admission of air, means in the:

both fluids” to nix tor

chamber adapte

liquid for obliging

Mischarge the fluids mixed, the Jiquid

being a éd into such chamber through a plurality of

apertures formed in a removable sercen.

of. A device of the type. deseribed comprising.

chamber, an aperture to admit liquid into suc mber,

means for delivering to such aperture Ij under 6 dee

sure, a passage, Teading into suc

sion. of ain, means inthe

fluids to AnIx Aogetaer

comprishrg® at least a sercen pw <cenlir across: the dis-

ge fronr said chamber, . Oe

38. A deviceof the éype deserihed Rewpciel ising @ Th- |

ber, an aperture to adinit liquid into such cham

pressure, a

passage Honcliniy into such chanber forthe. admission of

41° “39. Th combination with a water faucet, a

ich ‘faucet. by.

4 screen, air -_passage

Teby air may be drawn into

Tion of water emerging from said

sereen, an ou rom sate chamber, and a mixing aneans

across std outlet ‘for obliging both .mcans to mix to:

er, and a discliarge for the mixed fluids. ame

perforations held across the trouth

such easing, a ¢hambér below sg

leading: into such chamber

adapted to be. attached to- such faucet inber - with

__ perforations embedded in a pot ) Eroove of a rubber _

~~ connector connecting Ahe_wersifiyr to the faucet, a chamber

below. such sereg F passage ga sie into’ such chamber

whereby. mav be drawn into'such chamber by the action

rater emerging from said screen, an. outlet from said

und a passage from. said. —

Plaintiff's Exhibit 16: 2 App. 77

chamber and a mixing means across fe or

obliging both mean m and a. discharge for.

, 108. | . So

| REMARKS uae

Thé previously. aie claims to applicant are generic

" each of the species cited by the Examiner. Neverthe-

less, applicant is Willing, if the Mxaniiner requires, to

limit the species claimed, and only for the purpose of

meeting the requiréments of the patent practice he agrees

to restrict his invention, if necessary, to that class qoversd

‘in general by Claim 24. :

Applicant has also added -hew claims 29 to 40 for the.

consideration of the Examiner. 7 |

42 ~~ = It-is- not thought advisable at the present time to

cancel any figures from the drawing, but in the event”

. that the Examiner refuses to admit the new claims, such

figures as are not required will be canceled. |

| Respectfully submitted,

o * Aghnides

By Frank S. Appleman _-

Frank S. Appleman, Atty.

A°G®L | ae ae

May 8, 1939

| (Letterhead—Department of Commerce) —

Please find below .a communication from the Examiner

in 1 charge of this application. —

Conway P. Coc

Commissioner of Patents.

Apphean:: Elie Aghnides

Ser/ No. 182,884 >

Filed Dee. 31, 1937 3

| ¥ or Fluid Mixing Devices .

SNE aS Mailed May 11 1939

Frank S. App le. nan, 7

133t G. St., N. Wai .

Washington, D.C,

The amendment of hig &, 1939 is not A completé re-

sponse to the. Office -action. of Nov; 17, 1938. Applicant —

_ chas made no response to the rejection of claims 19, 20 and |

—/B on ' the: references mentioned in paragraph 2 of that

2 App. 78. Plaintiff's Exhibit Ww

action. Also sealant has inserted a ee number of

claims without. making the least effort to point out how

they avoid the rejection on references or on ‘misjoinder:

The former ground of rejection -_- ires that applicant.

distinguish the subject-matter of the claims from the —

. references. The latter ground requires that applicant .

point out on which of the sevexg) species each of the claims

reads. Moreover,’ the number of claims is on ‘its face

unreasonable and it is incumbent on applicant that good

~ reasons be stated therefor.

’ The amendment must he sup lemaiaiind to constitute a

complete renponae én or before: ay 17, 1939.

: Fish . |

Examiner.

PRN ae , ae | | |

ae T2/E.

(Mail Division Ma 16 1939 U. S: Patent Office)

(UL & Patent Office oy 18 18, 1939 Division XXXII.)

_ Je Tre Unitep STATEs PATENT OFFICE |

le the applicatian of

Elie Aphuides eae

Serial No. 182,884." 2 os

Filed Dec. 21,1937. > Room 4086

-For Fluid Mixing Devices ee

7 ‘AMENDMENT.

Hon. Commissioner of Patents,

- . Washington, D, C.

2am

In the matter of the above application and referring ‘to

the Office letter of May 11, 1939 exception is taken to the

statement set forth that no response has’ heen made ta the

_ rejection of-claims 19, 20 and: 25 on the references men-

tioned in. paragraph 2 of that action. It- is excepted that

when claims have been allowed, as in the prior application |

#52923 this constitutes a bar against the Examiner re- |

jecting on former references. , |

It is believed that the Examiner, after allowing oni, ~

is within his rights to cite new references. ie

- Nevertheless, the references mentioned in parag raph 2.

of the Office action of November AM, 1938: will, -be con-

sidered, — ,

[

aS Plaintiff’s Exhibit 16 a 2 App. 79

MONE

Now neither of thes¢ references hyve been shown by the |

Examiner ta meet the terms. of claims 19, 20 and 25. All

‘the Examiner states is that these claims are rejected on

Weidmann, British patent 25,900 or Felton as applied in

- the laat Office sictions Now this is set forth.in paper #9.

Tet us return therefore to Paper #7. Note that the:

Examiner has rejected on the references on Weidmann or -

Felton as applied-in the last Office [action. ‘This is set

forth in Paper #9. In Raper #7, the Office action does not .

mention claims 19, Y) or 25 nor does this Office attion show

‘any grounds for “rejection of claims 19,20 and 25 On.

Weidmann or Felton as. applied in the last Office } action”

since the last Office action of June 23,°1938 fails to.

45 reject.the said claims 19,20 and 25 on any grounds. .

: In view of the foregoing it is requested that the Ex-

aminer state how the claims, 19, 20 and .25, previously

allowed, can he rejected on: Weidmann or Felten “as ap-

plied in the‘last Office action” since the previous Office

~ action of June 23, 1938 did not apply either of the refer-

ences now cited in the Office action of November 1., 1938.

In a conversation with the Examiner. and Principal Ex- -

aminer, it is -believed that the rejection of. claims, 19, 20

and 25, resulted in a conclusion there there was an error

in the rejection of these claims on the patent (British) |

468,687 to Aghnides., the present inventor. |

It is submitted that the invention is not on the. separa-

tion or combination of gases and liquids. Nevertheless ap-

plicant is willing at this time to limit his claims to a device

for combining gases and liquids and therefore the follow-

_ ing amendment is made. 7 .

In Claim 26, Claiin 27, and Claim 28, line 2 of each claim

after’ “fluids”, insert—one being | liquid and the other 3

gases—. |

Cancel Claims 29 and 30. x -

- Caneel Clainn 32.

Cancel Claims 34 to 40° =

Now Claim 30 | is based on. the same subject matter as the

* claims allowed in the prior application. Therefore Claim 35

_ covers all of the forms covered being the previously allowed

claims of 19, 20-and 25.

The number of the claims is theref}re restricted and |

cannot be said to be unreasonable.- ;

Now add the following claim:

= App. 80 : Plaintiff's _— 16

— Ir Th Tienes Ste kind Asker TBST, a Wexibe perm. .

ber consisting of an upper part. provided with par elastic _

.collar having interior and exterior walls spseetl to provide |

an air section of circular form, said fcrior wall being

adapted to fit on the: nozzle forypi F the outlet of a water

. supply, a perforated jiaphragm extending across the

46 bottom of: said -glasfic member, a cylindrical. nozzle

fitted on the-toWer part of said elastic: member, a per-

forated digphfagm located. adjacent and: within the lower.

end _¢ Said nozzle, and a restricted outlet at the lower |

PTIUL ON-Sa1G = TO7 2 aa ;

- Applicant has now sestvlated the number. of claims and

has brought the device down to that shown in Figure 1.

Certainly therefore there is nothing in this. figure. that is ao

illustrated by the references and. accordingly allowance is

“4 thought i |

3 t is believed that the foregoing clearly responds to the —

st Office action. a

ee tees submitted, -

__-K, Aghnides

me _ . | Frank §S. Seetendn

! ae By Frank S. Appleman, _

A°G*L-. 7 |

May 16, 1939

Department. of Commerse

United States Patent Office

7 Washington | | |

Please find below a communication from the Beaminer in

—— of this —, | - eee a

Conway P. Cae

Be Sy . Commissioner of Patents

‘Frank g, eiiaiesk ‘an pplicant: Elie Aghnides

1331 G St., N. W., : fas. No.. 182,884

Wash’ ngton, D.C. | Filed . Dee. 31, 1937

“For . Fluid Mixing Devices —

- (Maitea. Jul 14 1939)

ie amended May 16, 1939.

Apflicant having in amendment of May &, 1939: elected:

to prosecute claims of the same scope as claim a, mat iB).

Pate

ae inkest rs Plaintist? 8 ‘Exhibit. 60° 2 ‘App. 81

to figs. 2 5 and 6, claims 21,;22, 26, 27, 28, 33 and 41 _—

niece pan aoe

prosecute these-claims. in this a tion. Claims 21,23

tnd 33 read only’on fig. 4, while claims 22, 26 fo 28. a

~eover fig. 1 yopear Fe at eee

Claims 19, 20 and 25 are rejected on Weidmann or Felten —

et al as a ppl i in the first and second office actions, papers ~~

from these references. The argument based on the alleged

zaowance of claims in the original application, of which

this is a continuation in part, is of no ‘avail i. applicant

for the reason that in none of these office. actions - were

‘claims allowed. Sg tora ae were. at supeet anes ter, bat

to as apparently including allo B r, |

then and subsequently all the aieneen rejected as in-

definite and as so intemal as. oe to to permit applic application of

pe It was therefore entirely claims were

reje peo} ~ this application’ a that rejection is accordingly

a : Bas

Claims 24 and 31 are rejected on the reference to claim

19 for like reagons. ‘The mode of attaching the devi

48 claim 24, involves no more than ordina skill and.

choice, especially as the elements of Felten cf Be

cured in.a similar way. Claim 31 covers the broad generic~

construction and such involves no invention over the refer- |

ences,

Claims 1. to 18, 29 29, 30, 32, and $¥ to 40 are cancelled.

_ Claims 19 to a, $1, 33 and 41.are FINALLY rejothed,

| ‘ Examiner - ee

ie : cee

| (U.8. Patent Office Dec_12 1939 Division XxxmI)

(Mail Division Dec 12 1939 U.S. Patent Office)

-. In THe Unirep beceeeneed Parent OFFice .

In the plication of. |

_ Elie Aghnides pee Pane |

Serial No, 182,884 Par oS) en.

Filed Dee, 31, 1937 ee - -. - Room 4086

- For Fluid Mixing Devices re et

: Hon. Commissioner of Patents,

‘YQ “App. 42 | Plaintiff's Exhibit ‘16

Sit: | | oe se

Heapending to i official lathor of ‘web 14, 1939, =

‘lows:

’ - Cancel the clainas ‘aad substitute:

above entitled - application is’ hereby.’ sana as fol-

_ 42. In a-device for producing a jet of water con-

taining air bubbles, by the entrainment and mixture of —.

the air to the water flowing, under pressure, a ‘casing

having a passage therethrough, the. inlet end of which is

‘adapted for connection to a sonrce of water unger pres--

gure and the outlet end for discharging the air-water mix- |

ture, an upstream and a- ‘downstream foraminous part

extending across the passage and spaced from each

- other, the. said casing» having an air admitting opening -

between ‘said foraininous -parts. [sae |

43. The device of claim 42 wherein the upstream |

foraminous part is a sieve and the downstréam foraminous —

part is another sieve, the aggregate cross. sectional area -

of the foramina of the latter being greater than the

aggregate. cross sectional area of the foramina of the

, 50 44, The device of claim 42 wherein. the downstream

- . foraminous part is a fine wire mesh screen.

45) ‘The device of ‘claim’42 wherein the downstream

foraminous part is a plurality of wire mesh screens spaced .

‘ from each other. ie

46. The .device of claim’ 42 wharéin: the: foraminous

parts arepremovable. |

47. Te device of claim 42 wherein the tatarior of the

casing is contracted in its cross section betweeri the down-

_ stream foraminous part-and thc said outlet end

_ 48. The device of claim 42 wherein the interior of the

easing continues beyond the downstream foraminous part.

_ and terminates ina tubular portion extending from the -

‘said downstream foraminous part to said outlet end.

- 49. The device of claim 42 wherein there area a

ality of the air admitting openings extending from

inlet end of the casing toward the outlet end to open la “9 |

- ally circumferentially spaced intervals between the up- .

stream and the downstream foraminous parts. |

50. The device of clainy 42 wherein there are-a plur- .

ality of the air admitting openings extending ‘Fadially .

through the éasing wall at circumferentially spaced in-

tervals between. the upstream and the downstream foram- |

| inous:parts. :

a gags 2

~Rt un

Plaintiffs: Exhibit 16. 2 App. 83

' 51. - The device of. claim 42 wherein: the inlet end is

adapted to be screwed\to a faucet and the-removable up-

stream’ feraminous screen is held in ‘Position across the

‘mouth of such faucet\by such screwing of the casing. —

51 «52. ‘In a dévice for. producing a jet of water con-

taining air bubbles, a casing having a passage there- —

through, the inlet-end of which is adapted for connection.

to a sauree of water under pressure and. ‘the outlet’ end

for. discharging the air and water mixture, an upstream

and a downstream foraminous' part: extending across the .

passage and | spaced. from cach ther the casing having

an gir admitting openfmg between said foraminous parts,

anf in which for a known flow of water under pressure

of the flow of water under pressure. by the downstream

- foraminous -part effects the mixing of air and: water, the”

mixture leaving the casing inthe. form of a coherent |

| stream.

53. Ina devi ice for fore a coherent stream of mixed |

air and, water, a casing having a passage therethrough, —

the inlet end. of which is adapted for-connection to a

‘source of. water under pressure. and the outlet end for

. discharging the air and water. mixture, an upstream and

a dewnstream -foraminous part extending across the pas-

‘sage in spaced | relation to each other, the said casing

having air admitting opening hetween-the said foraminous

parts, the foramina in the said elements.being so pro-

portioned and seated as to effect the entrainment and mix-

. ing of the air .with the water, the mixture leaving? the

casing in the form of a coherent stream.—

REMARKS -

Claims 52 and 53 are of a type somewhat on the ‘aie of

the gekennzeichnet claim. . Authority for claims of this

kind is: found in the citations under. Section 5604 of .

‘Patent Claim Drafting’? by Stringham, |

Claim 53 has an introductory, stat ment as to the

, ®

formation of the ‘‘coherent stream’? and then recites 3

52 the elements and the relation of parts necessary in

applicant’s invention to produce this result. |

Claim 52.is chavaéterized by the inclusion of related - .

parts. for producing the coherent stream.

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.PLAINTIFF’S EXHIBIT NO. 16 =-. = 2 App. 49

(EX'R’S BOOK). pilbs

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7, PY " Notice c Mlowance .. PES eR

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2) Final Fee- ae re t. VF ee 4 Final Fee. a Marae i eas 3

_ FRAN ie ji A AEWVAN a 6 ioe N? HY

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“a wes tds - BELGIUM “£6 8 1934 oy a. ae oe is

7 ~ 9 App. 7 ae io reaere

. “"" "PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT NO. 16 —

@ Yi

TTORNEY a

- "

—

aA ee DO bas

Plaintitf's Ff

HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS,

Washington, D. C.

SIR:

In compliance with the Act of Eebruary 18, 1922 (42 Stat. L.

on the | _day of _ July

proceeding No. ....... 20 C 1022. , entitled:

Name... SLIE Py AGHYIQGS....

Address

ORLOFF W. HOLDEN ang MARGUER

KMICKERBOCKER HUBBER COMPANY

6101 S, May Street,

brought upon the following patents

PATENT NO. DATE OF PATENT

2,210 B46

PATENT NO. DATE OF PATENT

ee thre nbove-entitled CU se

wy yv

4* 9 + &

Pre PSUS

m=. "rT "Tes

& ad ba ~ thd Sty t

al,

IN WITNESS WHEREOF 1] have affixed my hand this

Tyly | 19950, at.

‘xhibit 16

-. OPC SO Lt

STERN DIVISION

392), you ure advised tliat

_, 19Z 59 in this court an

App. 138 Plaititf’s Exhibit 16

—

: Y 152)

HoNnoRaBLe COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS, *

r 7

en Washington, D. C.

a hington, D. C f PA ATENTS

In compliance with the Act of February 18, 1922 (42 Stat. L. 392), you are advised that there was filed

; 19850 , in this court an action, sult, or

eee ee ecweseens secu bucuunuucssuusudsenseccueieusseuceeccecnscssssnucaecsce seeseeeess-- : Plaintiff,

Addrees oat 54th St., N.Y. _KS.,. ¥.Y @ onan cece cece cece nee so esasbecaneasessecsses- eaweecesesues peau cenewe eens eae ee

versus

Name _YOSEPR J. GOODRIZ and WRIGHTWAY ENGINEERING COMPANY =§=§ = --—s—r—sr=—s—i__sC, Defendant,

vddress 1053 B,43rd St., Chicago, Jl]; 1053 B._43rd St., Chicaga, Ill.

brought upon the following patents:

— oe . : _— = - SS —— ee ————<

PATENT NO. DATE OF PATENT PATENTEE

following patents have been included by ......... ee Uae oe a ose eee _

answer, cross bill, or other pleading):

— ec ace ae sees ee =

7 :

PATENT NO. | DATE OF PATENT PATENTLE

In the abova-entitled case the following decision has been rendered or decree issued:

IN WITNESS WHEREOF I have athxed my hand this

voce September -s.,-199/5Q at... ... Shicefoo, 11)

Plaintiff's Exhibit 16 2 AD. i

District Court Mine Ynited States

District or Middle District of Nortn Carolina

Com; eis

HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF J°ATENTS, Hoss,

Washington, D. C.

SIR: yao ' 1°52

In compliance with the Act of February 18, 1922 (42 Stat. L. 392) ou are advised that there was filed

*,. ar

onthe... 3rd day of _. March, 1995) x , in this court an-action, suit, or

, entitled:

_..........., Plaintiff,

Address ..40 West 54th Street, New York 19, New York —

versus

Address _

brought upon the following pztents:

——- ———— a a oe eee ZS a ee ee ee ee

PATENT NO. | : DATE OF PATENT PATENTEE

2,210,846 Aug. 6, 1940 Elie P. Aghniaes

April 20, 1943 Elie P. Aghnides

In the above-entitled case, on the. | | — day of 2 oo. , 193 , the

following patents have been included by 2000000 22 nn occ eceee eee (insert amendment,

answer, cross bill, or other pleading):

PATENT NO. | DATE OF PATENT PA'TENTEE

WITNESS WHEREOF I have affixed my hand this

ne > * 4%

oe at Greensbobo, Nortn Curolinz

Henry heynoles

Lx.

/ Lierk& of said Court.

A as -_

DISTRICT OF . WORSSON FLtTwoTs -. RASTEEN IE YISIGH

COMMISS9* a

Honcrasite Commissioner oF Parents,

Washington, D. C. | ang 97 C93

4 he

Sm:

In compliance with the Act of February 18, 1922 (42 Stat. L. 392), you are ad@jped: that there was filed

; 19890 , in this court an action, suit, or

brought upon the following patents:

DATE OF PATENT

itaalnatesncitios citi

In the above-entitled case, on the

foliowing patents have been included by

answer, cross bill, or other pleading):

— —_ _

PATENT NO. _ | DATE OF PATENT

In the above-entitled case the following decision has been rendered or decree issued: Complaint cf plain-

nts 4 aendants’ Counterelaim fer Declaratery JuAgnont thet

IN WITNESS WHEREOF I have affixed my hand this

” / I = te

. ra)

. 4 - -

i so

j f a / ‘oe _— e / ~—

whee eeeceee eee eee ere Moe ee ee eee mien ee eee ew oe seease eh oes een eee ree

Clerk of said Court.

Plaititf’s Exhibit 16 2 App. 141

In Re Patents

United StatesY strict Court couwiss.

for the

AO Ferm 120

mae.

rere

Southern District of New York ._.

> --

COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS,

Washington 25, D. C.

SIR :

In compliance with the Act of February 18, 1922 (42 Stat. L. 392; 35 USC 70), you are advised

that there was filed on the 3rd day of June 19 53 | in this

court an action, suit, or proceeding No. Civ. 85-272 , entitled:

_..........., Plaintiff,

Elie P...Agbnides 0

New York

brought upon the following patents:

= ——

PATENT NO. DATE OF PATENT

Aug. 6,..1940........

Apr...29,1943

In the above-entitled case, on the ......... G69 Oi cise fee a

following patents have been included by (insert amendment,

unswer, cross bill, or other pleading):

— = ———

PATENT NO. -- DATE OF PATENT PATENTEE

Loses

2 App. Io Plaintiff's: Exhibit 16

UNITED STATES DI T COURT |

District or

APh ray

i ! {' A

HonoRABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS, 4

Washington, D. C.

Pes

IR:

In compliance with the Act of February 18, 1922 (42 Stat. lL. 302), you are advised that thero was filed

17th _ day of August a — 19$0 | in this court an action, sult, or

50 0 1178

proceeding No.. ....:

ELIE P, AGHNIDES

on the ..........

, entitled:

Name..............-..- ~Phlainel!,

46 W. Sith 8t., N.Y. 19, W.Y.

UCPaUS

__ JOSEPH J, GOODRIE and WRIGHTWAY ENGINEERING COMPANY , Defendant,

brought upon the following patents:

PATENT NO. DATE OF PATENT PATENTEE

August 6, 1940 Flie P. Aghnides

In the abovo-entitled case, en the day of Ta, te

following patents have been included by - | ein, aeethess (insert amendiment.

answer, cross bill, or other pleading):

PATENT NO. | DATE OF PATENT PATENTLE

In the above-entitled caso the following decision has been rendered or decree issued ./Complaint of plain-

tiff Aiemiesed for want of equity. Defendants' Counterclaim for Declaratory Judgment that

the Aghnides patent Bo, 2,210,846 {a invalid and void, is suetained, That defendanta seg

cover their costs to be taxed in this action and that execution issue therefor,

) ’ { 2 ’

—_ —

IN WITNESS WHEREOF.1 have Bffixed my hand this LCi. day of

de ti ---1954:..-.---- ee ee Chicawo 111

Clerk of satd Court,

& & eet geweert Feivtive ors

. r ‘ Qf

, , :

, e t gu; f .

1 . ; ' . 4 5 : ) i } i } "ee /

* Notice of apnea] to ''.o.°%.

Plaititt’s lexhibit 16 } App. is,

District Court ot the United Htates

DISTRICT OF --- i!

HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS,

Washington, D.C.

SIR:

In complinnee with the Act of February 18, 1922 (42 Stat. 1. 392), you are advised that there waa filed

U.S. PAILNI UEFICE

onthe ft day of July , 1984, in this court an action, suit,

proceeding No. oe! ~{ ) entitled:

Wie ‘ thnides Saas

Nano on ment ee Plaintiff,

Addross

CePA

Nan | — eee , Defendant,

Acdld rosa

brought upon the following: patents

PATENT NQ, DATE OF PATENT PATENTER

In the nbove-entithed case, on the V oe i ae the

followanys pufents have been smectite ly Chteaent nonvencinment,

nnawer, cross bill, or other plending )

PATENT NO, . DATE OF PATENT PATENT E#.

In the nbove-entitled case the following decision has been rendered or deeree tssiued :

IN WIEENESS WHEREOR - have affixed ny hand this gu day of

LK, nt

(‘lerk of said Court.

a. Widens MG at |

‘N

> 2 App. 84 Plaintiff’s Exhibit 16‘

<< <0.G. 839 were ‘cited as. authority,.and in Bro

+ ~ “no particular form of words is necessary if the, meaning

- ‘and of course the types of these claims are somewhat

~ ered under the decisions cited. However, if these three —

claims in different verbiage were considered 4s being a

ne, of claims, it is hoped that-elaim 42 shall

be- favorably considered, the meanine being clear and.

the claims 43-51 being in order for favorable consideration

also. Claims 43-51 which, depend from claim 42 ¢an aiso be

*” easily considered -after the merits of -elaims 52 and 53.

~ - are determined. SS eee a ae Capea ana ee

“Tt ig -believed’ that claim 42 is-of the type recognized ,

as proper, the inclusion of .“‘by the entrainment and mix-

ture of the: air to the water flowing under pressure’.

aking clear the structural relations of parts, the char-

-_- geteristiés of which are well known ‘under: the name of”

53 °Venturi tube or Injector effect. The inclusion of the .

~ above phrase in elm 42 coniplies, therefore, with the ° _

requi.ement referred to by the. Examiner, making the ™\

structural differences and combination of: claim 42 suffi-

ciently definite, although authority is found for the allew-

’-anee of claims. ‘including. functional statements. - Such

claims are. referred to at Sectién 5625 of Stringham’s

_ “Patent Claim Drafting” citing as authority“Telephone _

Cases 126 U.S. 1, 43 0.4. 377; Bush ‘v. Jones, 184 U.S.

\ 598. The ‘Bush case was cited by Stringham because it :

was referred: to by the Assistant Commissioner Clay in _

~ his decision on the Jepson type of claim.. Claims have not.

always been sustained by. Courts upon the basis of in-

trodtetory expression, but if there isa chance that such

claim may be sustained, it is suggested -as justification

_for allowance... ~ Ca a Fe nin RE oe ee 2

-elaim would be held invalid, the.claim should be allowed |

‘Plaintiff's Exbibit 16 2 App, 85

The Court of Customs and Patent Appeals in their de- —

cision in re: Kamrach 65 F, 2d, 298 reversed the un-—

“Appellant is entitled to have any doubt resolved

in his favor.”

The same Court in their decision in re: Sunderland 68 F.

2d, 318 after saying: | es

’ «Tn view of the familiar rule that applicant for patent

is entitled to have any genuine. doubt. which may

* exist regolved in his favor.’’. _ oe

stated ferthara\ i sedirietese Ge souks! pe

' .“We are “pre opinion that he is entitled to have the

rule as to doubt applied.” = ¥

The same Court“in their still;more recent decision in

re: George 68 F. 2d, 571 reversed the unfagorable de- -

cision of the Board and said: | TAL ene

- “Applying the rule that doubt should be’ resolved

in favor of the applicant, we conclude that all of |

. said elaims hiere on appeal. should be allowed.”

54. There is any..amount of authority which. can be

cited: to the effect that if doubt exists as to patent-

ability or the Examiner has any doubt as to-whether the

and the applicant given his day in Court.

Ps The élaims are submitted with the hope that the final

'- . rejection will be waived and that the claims can be con-

sidered. alldwable in view of the .foregoing. remarks, but

jn the event they are not considered allowable, réquest is’

made that they be admitted for the purpose of appeal.

’. The ¢iaims are: presented having in mind the prior art |

-, .of record, an English patent No. 7005 of 1913 which was |

referred to by the Examiner at an interview and a demon-

stration of the invention, and at which time. the reference

‘structures depended upon by. the Examiner were ‘also

demonstrated. As then clearly shown applicant’s device’

produces an intimate anixture of air and water which is

dischargéd as a. coherent: stream, full of -air bubbles. -

The reference constructions fail todo this. = = Bee:

_ Applicant’s device mixes two fluids, = F

Reference construction atomizes one liquid. —

In the reference .construction, the apertures 10 are

not for aspirating air and their function must not be —

‘essential since they are not even mentioned jn the claims

F 7, a

. g App. 86 ba) renee * “Bixhibit 16

and ‘art: not necessary. Yor the. atomizing function. This

. reference’s .claims.

Applicant’s device is*in combination with the Vefituri

tube: principle, while reference constructions are not, be- -

cause the jets issuing from the nozzles 3 and ‘passing

through the screens 6 are too distant from each other. As —

a consequence,.air enters the casing 1 through the

§5 screen 6; the jets from nozzles 3 do not join each

other. Moreover, ‘the result claimed. in the ‘reference .

(viz:, the formation of spray or inist-like jet’ floating mm:

~~ the air) is-not due to the plurality of nozzles 3.

In lines 5 to 10, page 3° of the referenée, it is stated

that the volume of the spray may. be increased either by

increasing the size of the nozzle 3 or by using as many

small nozzles as max .be necessary. The use of afplurality

of nozzles is therefore merely to increase the volume of |

the spray and.not. to improve the atomization, (lines ¥ to 6,

page 3).- In. fact, the device must work even better. with

<A single nozzle 3 ‘singe. evidently when two or more nozzles. -

“are used, even && shown. in the. drawing of the reference, .

when they” are | ‘substantially spaced from each other to

avoid the Vente

pressure :_--

a)-"inereases the -gurface of sirutaith between air and

water, which mearige;a_ better aeration and more. air-

bubbles in the jet; ~ |

b) . distributes ‘the pressure of water and repalts in a. y,

‘substantially thick stream flowing softly; .

-.e) helps the imprisonment of the air drawn in in -

mass of liquid. »

‘The statement in. each of applicant? 8 slaimne: that air

is drawn in and passes through the casing with the water

- discharged, ‘differentiatés structurally applicant’s device ~~

from -the reference constructions inasmuch .as the appli-

cant’s device embodies the structural requireménts of

Since this novel combination produces a highly im-

_ issuing from the #ereen. 6 intermix and tend to render the

. droplets bigger. ~~ |

a applicant's” case, the. division of the “water under ~

the — "

Venturi. principle, while.‘the reférence construction does

=~ not, sinee the latter not only does not produce the

66 Venturi effect but it is so constructed as to avoid it,

‘Plaintiff’s Exhibit 16. . 2 App. 87

proved mixing of the.air and water, allowance of the claims

is believed proper. . = - ah i oh

As ‘to the aforementioned English patent, the point

was made at the interview that=the paint distributor of . .

that patent teaches the spraying of paint in a mist-like —

~ gtate. It would be inappropriate for such a paint distrib-

uting instrumentality to mix the spraying paint with air to

form. air. bubbles such as are’ produ in applicant’s

invention, on account of the fact tiat the air. bubbles

would resist the even coating of the sprayed surface.

Now,, after the. teachings of this invention and a modi- .

fication of the device of the English patent made in ac-

eordance. with the teachings of the invention, the practice

-. does not sanctionfand the decisions do not justify the

eonclusion that the English patent i8 a reference which —

can operate to limit*the invention. All claims include 4

_ easing having an air-admitting means (not a scavenging»

_. opening such as is in the English patent).for if the open- —

~ ings are air-admitting means, they would resist scavenging _

function. The elaims also recite that there ic an entrain-

ment of air and performance @f-this injector effect cannot -

be obtained without a relation of parts or elements con-

stituting the invention. | Be

The demonstration, made in. the presence of the Exam-.

iner showed. that the entrained. air with the water pro-

duced a “soft’’? stream which did not splash and which,

when caused to flow in a container having soap, produced |

suds. having minute bubbles which did not quickly lose

- their shape and that an effective suds was maintained |

intimately mixed with and-on the surface of the°water.

67 ~~ Now what of the prior art? Is there anything in it.

that produces the result of applicant’s inyention and

“js the device of the English patent pertinent to give the

“effect without- changes made after the. teachings of this

invention? Certainly the English ‘patent,:which is nearest —

of the prior art in structure to applicant’s invention, could

not be operated: to achieve applicant’s result without

using the openings 10 as air inlets rather than as exit

openings. Demonstration before the Examiner haa proved

that the openings 10 could effectively be closed with a .

and not affect the functioning of the reference. .

rubber ban

construction, thus conclusively proving that the openings

10 are not intended to allow the suction of the air which

is the very purpose in the applicant’s device. The Exam-

We,

Peas

See 28 : Bein,

” App. 88 *.Plaintiff’s eae

iner: will recall that when the: rubber band effectively

‘closed the air entrance in the applicant's device, the device

simply. would not operate. =

The jets 3 in the reference eonatruetion are 80 set as ,

to deliver individual. strexims to and through the screens

- 6 and would have to ‘be modified in. view of applicant’s

_ Invention to produce anything like the function of apph-

. eant’s invention.

There are decisions. which support ‘applicant?’ s con-

tention that, a device which was not intended to perform -

the functioni of the invention claimed and which did not

contain a description of operation as functioned by an

* invention claimed is not a relevant. or competent antici-

ation. ©. ,

: At page 760 of the Journal of the Patent Office . So- sy

ciety of 1 1934, fourth paragraph, there is a ‘statement as

to-the proper treatment of an invention and a reference —

58. “Things whieh cannot he tiithtinee in facet, without, =

material alteration, should not be combined in lew

to anticipate a-combination. And. it must not be for-

- " gotten that knowledge after the fact should be ex-.

_ cluded in constructing a mental anticipation.”

It is believed sound reasoning to state that it is only

“after the fact of this invention” that any conception

.of the use. of the device of the English patent could. be

-visualized ‘as having inherent qualities to perform thé

function of the invention even. after material alterations. —

_ -The claims are therefore submitted with: the hope that _

_the ‘application will be dealt. with in the light of the article:

by John H. Ruckman beginning at ‘page. 157 of the cited

| Journal. |

Respectfully iabenttead, E,

' EB. -Aghnides e

: By Frank 8S. Appleman.

& , a Frank 8. ecormed Atty.

FSA*LBL

~ Dee. 12, 1939

- »Plaintiff’s Exhibit 16 2 App. R9

| " "(Letterhead—Department of Commerce) at

Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER

in charge of this application. ~ . |

ae ~~. GCogway P. Coe |

~—...Commissioner_ of Patents..

. Frank 8S. Appleman Z | |

1331 G@ Street N.W. : Re. ew iiion 2

Washington, D. C. Parc iy | re

een . . Applicant: Elie Aghnides °.

‘Ser. ‘No. 182,884 ee

ce -Filed Dec, 31, 1937

— «For Fluid Mixing Devices

“(Mailed Dee, 20 1939) _ eyo

Responsive to amendment filed Dec, 12, 1939, —

The proposed amendment of Dec. 12, 1939,-is refused

entry for the reason that it does not put the application’

--in allowable condition after Final Rejection, |

~The number of claims filed is held unreasonable in view,

of simplicity of the subject matter and in -view of thé

prior art. The nine.claims depending upon claim 42 either -

recite elements necessary to make claim 42 complete or.

immaterial structural details such.as that the “forminous |

parts are removable”. The claims are, therefore,. subject

~ to rejection on-the ground of multiplicity. —

Claim 42-reads on the British patent 7,005 over which

. there is no difference in structure recited. Claim 43 calls —

_ . for an upstream sieve which, if interpreted to cover the

. perforated plates disclosed, also is indistingui e from

“the perforated plate 2 of the British patent. Clgimn 44.

recites .the downstream wire mesh screen which the

. British patent possesses, Claim 45 merely pluralizes its —.

screens and claim 46. makes the screen removable, neither —

of a plurality of spaced screens. Claim 47 includes the.

contracted downstream end not of itself. sufficient to —

patentably distinguish. Claim 48 merely extends the casing .

beyond the screen. Claims 49 and 50 recite the plurality —

___. Of air openings which the British patent shows. The

. 60 attachment feature claim 51 involves no more than¢) —

__ ordinary’ skill and choice. Claims 52 and 53 do ‘not

recite any structure to distinguish from the British pat-

2 App. 90 ee Plaintists Exhibit 16 |

ent but an wihaity npon | a statement of ‘thnetion: The

structure whereby the alleged difference in operation is

- obtained | must be. recitéd by the claims. Lines. 8-12 of.

claim. 52 are vague and indefinite, and it is not clear that

retardation hy the downstream séreen has anything to do

with the matter. The last. five lines of clain.53 eceatain .

a statement of a desired result but 1 no teaching of — 3

it can be obtained. |

_. A proper response 18 a ces on: or before Jan. 14,

1940. 3 | , 4 | ;

ran | | ees ees,

a a . | Fish . er yk a Seta

as bee 'Hicaminer. SG te

“(Application Div. us S. Patent Office: Jan 12 40)

In THE Unrrep Sraris Parent Orrice

(U. 8. Patent saad Jan 13 1940 Division XXXID),

Elie Aghnides — 1 aie are a

. Serial No. 182,884 —

Filed Dee. 31, 19387 - > Sie ape Rt

Fluid Mixing —— oi Shae

Bee nn) Se Div, 32.

Room 4086.

‘Hon. Commissioner of Patents,

Sir- ; : 2 23 fo =e TS pees e ‘

Cancel all of the clsims and substitute therefor the fol

lowing: \

cata 4 A device for producing’ @ coher ent jet of “water

containing air bubbles, comprising a chamber, the inlet _.

end of which is adapted for connection with the discharge _

end of a tube containing. water under ‘pressure and the

outlet end of which is: adapted to discharge the said

- eoherent id a diaphgram at the upstream ‘end of the

Chamber having at least one orifice through which: the :

stream of. ‘water is adapted. to be forced into the chamber

.. with substantial - velocity, an air port opening into the |

chamber through which air is induced by the stream of .,

me ™ water, and means, in the path of the stream of water

after it leaves the orifice and before it discharges at |

the outlet end, for timely breaking up the water and for —

offering sufficient resistance for thoroughly — it. with -

Plaintiff's Exhibit 16 2 App. 91 -

air and for thercafter uniting the acrated water to. form

a coherent jet having small bubbles disseminated through-

aut the jet. ee : Na SO go

g 58 A device for producing a coherent jet of water.

containing air bubbles, comprising a chamber, the inlet.

end of which is adapted for con

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