Transcript of Record — Six Companies of Cal. v. Joint Highway Dist. No. 13 of Cal.
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‘CLERK'S COPY. :
Vol. Vill
TRANSCRIPT OF RECORD
BOOK OF EXHIBITS
Supreme Court of the United States
OCTOBER TERM, 1940
No. 267
SIX COMPANIES OF CALIFORNIA, HARTFORD
ACCIDENT AND INDEMNITY COMPANY, ET AL,
PETITIONERS,
vs.
JOINT HIGHWAY DISTRICT No. 13 OF THE STATE
OF CALIFORNIA 3
ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES CIRCUIT COURT
OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
Ee ES EE ee RE a LE es ae a OR ee Se,
No. 9113
red
————_—
Gnited States
|
Circuit Court of Appeals
For the Rinth Circuit.
SIX COMPANIES OF CALIFORNIA, a corporaticn, and
HARTFORD ACCIDENT AND INDEMNITY COMPANY,
a corporation, FIDELITY AND DEPOSIT COMPANY
OF MARYLAND, a corporation, THE- AETNA CAS-
UALTY AND SURETY COMPANY, a corporation, IN-
DEMNITY INSURANCE COMPANY OF NORTH
AMERICA, a corporation, AMERICAN SURETY COM-
PANY OF NEW YORK, a corporation, MARYLAND
CASUALTY COMPANY, a corporation, UNITED
STATES FIDELITY AND GUARANTY COMPANY, a
corporation, THE FIDELITY AND CASUALTY COM-
PANY OF NEW YORK, a corporation, GLENS FALLS
TNDEMNITY COMPANY, a corporation, STANDARD
SURETY AND CASUALTY COMPANY OF NEW YORK,
a corporation, STANDARD ACCIDENT INSURANCE
COMPANY, a corporation, MASSACHUSETTS BOND-
ING AND INSURANCE COMPANY, a corporation, CON-
TINENTAL CASUALTY COMPANY, a corporation, and
NEW AMSTERDAM CASUALTY COMPANY, a corpo-
ration, Appellants,
vs.
JOINT HIGHWAY DISTRICT NO. 13 OF THE STATE OF
CALIFORNIA, a public corporation,
Appellee.
Oransrript of Rerovd
In Eight Volumes
VOLUME VIII
Book of Exhibits .
Upon Appeal from the District Court of the United
States for the Northern District of California,
Southern Division.
PARKER PRINTING COMPANY. 545 SANSOME STREET. SAN FRANCISCO
[CLERK’S NOTE: Excerpt from stipulation of
counsel re portions of record to be printed:
(1) It is stipulated that an agreed state-
ment of facts in the form hereto attached and
marked Exhibit ‘A’ shall be printed in the ree-
ord in lieu of plaintiff’s exhibits numbers 1, 5,
6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20 and 21.”’]
EXHIBIT “A”
AGREED STATEMENT OF FACTS
Defendant, by resolution of its Board of Diree-
tors, adopted on March 3, 1933, duly and regularly
approved the final surveys, plans and specifications
and detailed drawings and final estimate of cost
of the project which it proposed to construct. Said
specifications, plans and drawings so approved were
the same as plaintiff’s Exhibits Nos. 3 and 2, re-
spectively, introduced in evidence herein. Said esti-
mate of cost was the same as plaintiff’s Exhibit
No. 4.
Thereafter, by resolution of its Board of Direc-
tors, adopted January 3, 1934, defendant duly and
regularly approved the first amendment to said
specifications, plaintiff’s Exhibit No. 7 herein, and
thereafter, by resolution of its Board of Directors,
adopted April 3, 1934, defendant duly and regu-
larly approved the second amendment to said speci-
~ofications, plaintiff’s Exhibit No. 10 herein.
All of said specifications and amendments thereto
and said plans, surveys, detailed drawings and esti-
LE RANI
2 Siz Companies of California vs.
mate of cost were duly aua regularly approved by
the Director of the Department of Public Works of
the State of California. \ ?
On May 4, 1934, the Board of Directors of de-
fendant adopted a resolution to proceed with the
construction of the. project of defendant and direct-
ing that a notice to contractors be published that
sealed bids for the construction of defendant’s
_ project would be received until May 22, 1934.
Thereafter, said notice was duly and regularly
pubitshed. 9
On May 22, 1934, plaintiff submitted to defendant
a bid for constructing said project of defendant.
Said bid was in the amounts set forth in the con-
tract thereafter entered into between plaintiff and
defendant, plaintiff’s Exhibit No. 16 herein, and
was the lowest and best bid submitted.
On May 29, 1934, the Board of Directors of de-
fendant adopted a resolution accepting said bid of
plaintiff and awarding to it a contract for the con-
struction -of said project of defendant and author-
izing the execution of said contract.
Said contract was thereafter duly and regularly
executed by the parties thereto.
Thereafter, a bond for faithful performance of
the contract and a bond for the payment of ma-
terialmen and laborers were duly and regularly
filed by plaintiff with defendant. Both bonds were
dated June 12, 1934, and both were duly and regu-
larly approved by a resolution of the Board of
Directors of defendant, adopted June 14, 1934.
Joint Highway District No. 13 3
Attached to the cross-complaint herein is a full,
true and correct copy of said bond for faithful per-
formance, which is plaintiff’s Exhibit No. 18.
Defendant is, and at all times which are materia
to this case, has been, a duly and regularly organ-
ized and existing public corporation under the law
of the State of California. Prior to entering into
said contract with plaintiff, defendant | duly and
regularly complied with all the: requirements of
the laws of the State of California relating to its
organizétion, the construction of its project and
the awarding of said contract to plaintiff for the
construction thereof.
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Siz Companies of California vs.
PLAINTIFF’S EXHIBIT No. 3
Specification No. One
Set No. 99
JOINT HIGHWAY DISTRICT No. 13
OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
office of
Wallace B. Boggs, District Engineer,
1448 Webster Stree:
-* Oakland, California
Dated March 30, 1933
SPECIFICATIONS
For the Construction of a Highway Tunnel and ©
Roadway Approaches from Broadway and
Keith Avenue in Oakland to a Point on the
State Highway in Contra Costa County, Ap-
proximately Fourteen Hundred Feet (1,400’)
Northerly from the Fish Ranch Road; Being °_
Partly in the City of Oakland, County of Ala-.
meda, and Partly in the County of Contra
Costa, and All in Joint Highway District No.
13 of the State of California.
SECTION 1. WORK TO BE DONE
The work to be done shall consist of the construc-
tion of a highway tunnel with ventilation buildings,
ventilation equipment and accessories; the construc-
tion of roadway approaches with pavements, drain-
age structures, curbs, gutters and sidewalks wlfere
required; the construction of grade separation
ele pe ie cat E o a mune
Joint Highway District No. 13 5
structures, viaducts, retaining walls and incidental
structures; connections with existing streets, high-
ways and structures, the furnishing of ail lakor, ma-
terial, tools and equipment and the performance of
all work necessary or incidental to the construction
detailed, specified and intended, and that may be
necessary to perform the complete construction as
shown on the plans accompanying these specifica-
tions and made a part hereof, or as specified herein,
being partly in the City of Oakland, County of
Alameda, and partly in Contra @osta County, State
of California, and all in Joint Highway District No.
13 of the State of California.
SECTION 2. PROPOSAL REQUIREMENTS
AND CONDITIONS
(a) Proposal Forms.—Prospective bidders will,
upon seqhest to the District Engineer, 1448 Webster
_ Street, Oakland, California, be furnished with Pro-
posal Forms which will state the location and de-
sc.iption of the contemplated construction and con-
tain a schedule of items for which bid prices are
asked, all proposals and bids to be submitted on.
the forms supplied by the District.
(b) Estimates of Quantities—Where estimates
of quantities are given on the Proposal F or in
“Notice to Contractors,”’ or in any Contract executed
hereunder, it is hereby declared and shall be under-
stood that such quantities are approximate only,
being given as a basis for comparison of bids. The
District does not expressly or by implication agree or
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a
6 Six Companies of California vs.
guarantee that the actual amount of work will cor<
respond therewith, but reserves the right to increase
or decrease the amount of any class or portion of
the work, or to omit portions of the work as may
be deemed necessary or expedient by the District
Engineer.
(¢) Examination of Plans, Specifications and
Site of Work.—The bidder is required to examine
carefully the site of the work, the Proposal Form,
and plans, specifications and contract forms for the
work contemplated. The submission of a Proposal
shall be considered prima facie evidence that the
bidder has made such an examination and is satis-
fied as to. the conditions to be encountered, as to
the character, quality and quantities of work to be
performed and materials to be furnished, and as to
the requirements of the specifications, plans and
contract, or contracts.
* * * * * * * *
(i) Competency of bidders.—Any bidder, if re-
quired by the Board of Directors, shall furnish a
statement as to his ability to perform the work
contemplated, and the Board of Directors reserves
the right to reject the proposal of any bidder who,
in their opinion, fails to show that he has the
necessary capital,t financial standing, organization,
facilities, experience and ability to begin the work
promptly and perform and complete the work to be
done under the contract in a satisfactory -manner.
Joint Highway District No. 13 7
SECTION 3. AWARD AND EXECUTION OF
CONTRACT
(a) Acceptance or Rejection of Proposals.—The
Board of Directors reserves the right to reject any
and all proposals.
(b) Award of Contract.—The award ui the con-
tract, if one be awarded, will be to the responsible
biddur whose proposal is the lowest regular accept-
able bid and complies with all the requirements
prescribed by law and these specifications.
(¢) Bonds.—The Contractor to whom an award
is made shall, in addition to the execution of the
contract in a form approved by the atterney for
the District, within twenty (20) days after the
date of the award of such contract by the Board
of Directors, execute and deliver to the District
bonds for the faithful performance of the contract
and for the payment of all claims for labor and
material thercunder in the manner provided by law
and in the form approved by the attorney for the
District. Said bonds shall be executed by the bidder
with a corporate surety or sureties duly authorized
to do business as such under the law of the State of
California and each in amounts which shall be not
less than fifty per cent (50%) of the aggregate
contract price.
(d) Execution of Contract.—Contracts shall be
executed in a form approved by the attorney of the
District and delivered to the District within .wehty
(20) days after the date of the award of such con-
tract by the Board of Directors. No proposal shall
8 Siz Companies of California vs.
be ecaihlaarda binding upon the District until the
execution of the contract and bonds as hereinbefore
provided.
(e) Failure to Execute Contract.—Any bidder
wko fails to execute a contract and file acceptable
bonds as provided herein within twenty (20) days
after the date of the award of such contract by the
Board of Directors shall be subject to having his
bid annulled, and his certified bid chéck forfeited
to the District as liquidated damages. In such
event, awards may then ‘be made to thenext lowest
responsible and acceptable bidder, or the District
may call for new bids, as the Board of Directors
ae “thereof may determine.
f
A <BECTION 4. TIME
(a) Commencement of Work.—The ,Contractor
shall commence work within ten (10) days after
the execution of the contract for the work by the
Board of Directors and shall continue without in-
terruption unless otherwise directed by the District.
At least three (3) days before starting, the Con-
tractor shall notify the District Engineer in writing
of the date that work is to commence.
(b) Completion of Work.—The time of comple-
tion of ‘the entire work specified herein shall be
within a period of seven hundred and twenty (720)
calendar days from the date of the execution of the
contract by the Board of Directors.
(e) Extension of 'Cime.—The time during which
the Contractor is delayed in said work by Acts of
Joint Highway District No. 13 9
God, or by stormy or inclement weather, or by any
reason which, in the judgment of the District: Engi-
neer, unavoidably delays the work, shall be added
to the aforesaid tinre for completion, provided that
the Board of Directors approve in advance the
written “application therefor, which must be made
by the Contractor for such an extension, before the
expiration of the time limit fixed herein, or a duly
granted extension thereof.
(d) Damages for Delay.—The parties hereto ex-
pressly stipulate and agree that time is the essence
of this contract. In case the work is not completed
within. the time specified in the contract or within
such extensions of the contract time as may be al-
lowed as herein provided, it is distinctly understood
and agreed that the Contractor shall pay the
District as agreed and liquidated damages and not
as a penalty five hundred dollars ($500.00) for each
and every working day which may elapse between
the limiting date as herein provided and the date
of actual completion of the work, said sum: being
specifically agreed upon as a measure of damage to
the District by reason of delay in the completion of
the work; it being expressly stipulated and agreed
_ that it would be impracticable to estimate and ascer-
tain the actual damages sustained by the District
under such circumstances; and the Contractor
agrees and consents that the amount of such liqui-
daged damages so fixed, shall be deducted and re-
tained by the District from any money then due,
or thereafter to become due, the Contractor.
~ 10 Siz Companies of California vs.
[Clerk’s Note: As amended by Plaintiff’s Exhibit
‘No. 10T
SECOND AMENDMENT AND SUPPLEMENT
TO FINAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR CON-
STRUCTION OF PROJECT
SECTION 5. PAYMENTS
(a) Partial Payments.—Pdyments will be made
only upon the certificate of the District Engineer —
for work actually performed. The District Engineer
shall measure the work on or about the first day of
each month and at the time of completion of the
entire work, and shall render a certificate on or
about the tenth day of each month and at the com-
pletion of the entire work, stating the amount of
work performed during the previous calendar
monih and during the current month at the
time of completion. The Contractor shall then,
at the. times above specified, be entitled to re-
ceive a payment from the District in an amount
to be determined as follows: Until the total value
of the work done since commencement of perform-
ance of the contract exceeds Four Hundred Thou-
sand Dollars ($400,000.00) the payment will be
seventy-five per cent (75%) of the amount specified
in the District Engineer’s certificate; thereafter
and until the total value of the work done ‘since.
the commencement of performance of the contract
equals One Million Dollars ($1,000,000.00), the con-
stant sum of One Hundred Thousand Dollars
($100,000.00) will be retained by the District out
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Joint Highway District No. 13 11
of said total value; thereafter the progress pay-
ment will be ninety per cent (90%) of the amount
specified in the Engineer’s certificate, provided
that no such estimate of payment shali be required
to be made when, in the judgment of the - District
Engineer, the work is not proceeding in accordance
with the provisions of the contract, or when, in his
judgment, the total value of the work done since
the last estimate amounts to less than Five Hundred
Dollars ($500.00), except the certificate and pay-
ment required at the completion of the entire work.
The acceptance by the Contractor of the final
ninety per cent (90%) payment for the completed
work shall be and shall operate as_a release to the
District from all claims and liability to the Cgn-
tractor for anything done or furnished for or’ re-
lating to the work, or for any act or neglect of the
District or its agent in any way affecting the work,
excepting the claim of the Contractor against the
District for the moneys herein provided to be paid
by the District to the Contractor thirty-five (35)
days after the a¢ceptance of the contract.
(b) Final Payments.—Thirty-five (35) days
after the acceptance of the work by a certificate of
acceptance duly rendered by the District Engineer
and final approval and acceptance by the Board
of Directors of the District, the Contractor shall
» be entitled to receive a payment of the balance due
' under this contract in the amount of ten per cent
(10%) of the aggregate amount of all certificates
of the District Engineer.
12
Siz Companies of California vs.
SECTION 6. GENERAL PROVISIONS
(a) Definitions —Whénever in these specifica-
tions, or in any documents or instruments in con-
struction where these spe¢ifications govern, the fol-
lowing words or terms, or pronouns in place of
them are used, they shall have the respective mean-
ing and intent here given:)
(1)
(2)
(3)
District—Refers to and indicates Joint
Highway Distriet No. 13 of the State of
California. |
Board of Directors or Board.—Refers to
and indicates the Board of Directors of .
Joint Highway District No. 13 of the
State of Californi
District Engin or Engineer.—Refers
to and indicates the District Engineer of
Joint Highway District No. 13 of the
State of California, appointed by the
Board of Directors of said District and
acting either directly or through properly
authorized agents. Such agents acting
within the scope of the particular duties
entrusted to them.
(4)
Contractor.—Refers to and indicates the
person or persons, copartnership or cor-
poration, or association who have entered
into a contract with Joint Highway Dis-
trict No. 13 of the State of California
to perform the work to be done in ac-
cordance with these. specifications, or
their legal representatives.
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Joint Highway District No. 13 13
Bidder.—Refers to and indicates the
person or persons, copartnership or cor-
poration, or association submitting a pro-
posal for the work contemplated, acting
directly or through duly authorized rep-
resentatives.
Surety or Bondsmen.—Refers to and in-
dicates the corporate body which is bound
with and for the Contractor for the faith-
ful performance of the contract and for
the completion of the work, and for the
payment of all claims for labor or mate-
rials thereunder, in the manner provided
by law.
Specifications.—Refers to, indicates and
includes all specifications, provisions, di-
rections and gequirements of every kind,
whether general, detailed or otherwise,
relating to the equipment, materials, or
work and the installation thereof ; and the
plans and drawings, or exact reproduc-
tions thereof accompanying and supple-
menting the same, which are made,a part
thereof. %
Plans.—Refers to, indicates, and in-
cludes the official plans, profiles, general
and typical cross-sections and details, or
the exact reproductions thereof, approved
by the District Engineer, which show the
location, character, dimensions and de-
tails of the work to be done and which .
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(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
Siz Companies of California vs.
accompany and are supplementary to
the specifications and are made a part
thereof.
Contract.—Refers to, indicates and in-
cludes the written agreement entered into
by the Contractor and the. District, cov-
ering the performance of the work and |
the furnishing of labor, materials and
equipment in the construction of the
work. The Contract shall include the
Notice to Contractors, the proposal,
plans, specifications and contract bonds.
Contract Bond or Bonds.—Refers to, in-
dicates and includes the approved form
of security furnished by the Contractor
and his surety as a guaranty that he or
they wil} complete the work in accordanc _
With the terms of the contract, and to
secure the payment of claims for mate-
rials provisions, provender or other sup-
plies or equipment, used in, upon, for or
about the performance of the work, or
fer any work or labor thereon. |
The Work.—Refers to, indicates, and in-
cludes all the work specified or indicated
by the plans and specifications for the
contemplated improvement covered by
the contract.
As. Directed, ete—Whenever the words
‘‘as directed,”’ ‘‘as required, ”’ ‘* as per-
mitted,’’ or words of like effect or intent
are used, it shall be understood that the
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Joint Highway District No. 13 15 a
direction, requirement or permission of
the District Engineer is intended. The
words “sufficient,” ‘‘necessary’’ or
‘‘proper’’ or words of like import, shall
mean sufficient, necessary-or proper in B
the judgment of the District Engineer. | i
The words ‘‘approved,’’ ‘‘acceptable,’’ _ 4
‘‘satisfactory,” or words of like import, eas :.
shall mean approved by, acceptable to,
or satisfactory to the District Engineer.
(b) Authority of District Engineer.—The Dis- f
trict Engineer shall decide any and all questions
which may arise as to the quality or acceptability
of materials furnished and work performed and as F:
to the manner of performance and rate of progress |
of the work, and shall decide all questions which 4
‘may arise as to the interpretation of the plans and a
specifications, and all questions as to the acceptable ; sa
fulfillment of the contract on the part of the Con-
tractor and as to compensation. His decisions shall
be final and he shall have executive authority to
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enforce and make effective such dezisians and or- ee
ders as the Contractor fails promptly to carry out. <
(ec) Compliance with Specifications.—It shall be | ie
é
the duty of the Contractor-to see that the provi- ae
sions of these specifications are complied with in ee
detail, irrespective of the inspection of the work es
during) its progress by the District Engineer or his
rep tatives. |
(d) | Inspection—The Contractor shall afford
every facility necessary for the safe and convenient
16 Siz Companies of California vs.
inspection of the work throughout its construction
and for inspection of materials used or to be used.
The District Engineer shall have power to reject
material and workmanship which are not in accord-
ance with specifications, and all such must be re-
moved promptly by the Contractor and replaced to
the satisfaction of the District Engineer nee
extra expense to the District.
All inspection of materials shall be made after
delivery at the site, unless the District Engineer
shall direct otherwise. Material rejected at the place
of manufacture or elsewhere shall not be delivered
on the site of the work, and material rejected at
the site of the work shall be removed from the site
as soon as possible and not returned thereto.
The failure of the District Engineer or his repre-
sentatives to discover and condemn work not in
accordance with the specifications shall not relieve
the Contractor of his obligation to the District to
furnish proper materials and work as provided in —
these specifications; nor shall it relieve the Con-
tractor from being compelled to remove and replace
promptly any work found to be defective at any
time during the construction of the work, or before
the final acceptance of the work.
(e) Disputes.—To prevent disputes and litiga-
tion the District Engineer shall in all cases deter-
mine the amount, quality and acceptability of the
work and materials which are to be paid for under
these specifications. He shall determine all questions
Joint Highway District No. 13 17
in relation to said work and materials and perform- B
ance thereof and all questions which may arise rela-
tive to the fulfillment or interpretation 6f these
specifications on the part of the Contractor. His
estimate and decision shall be final and conciusive, E
and in case any question shall arise between the :
Contractor and the District pertaining to the con-
tract, the District Engineer’s estimate and decision Hi
shall be a condition precedent to the right of the
Contractor to receive any moneys under the con- @
tract.
(f) Contractor to Be On Work.—The Contrac-
tor shall be constantly on the work during its prog-
ress, either in person or represented by duly author-
ized representatives, who are competent to receive and
carry out any instructions that may be given by the
proper authorities, and said Contractor will be held
liable for the faithful observance of any instructions
which may be delivered to him or to his representa-
tives on the work. The District Engineer shall be
notified by the Contractor in writing as to the per-
sonnel of authorized representatives and all changes
pertaining thereto.
The Contractor shall maintain an office on the
site of the work and install and maintain a tele- :
phone connected with local and long distance tele- 1 ee
phone, all at his own expense. as
(g) Aiterations—In case of reduction or in- 7.7
crease in quantities of work, by reason of altera- of
" tions or any cause whatsoever, the Contractor shall 7 a
#accept payment in full at the contract unit prices :
18 Siz Companies of California vs.
for the actual quantities’ of work done and no allow-
ance will be made for anticipated profits due to such
reduction or increase.
(h) Interpretation of Plans and oasitantione,
—Should it appear that the work to be done or any
matters relative thereto are not sufficiently detailed
or explained in the plans and specifications, the
Contractor shall apply to the District Engineer in
writing for such further details and explanations
as may be necessary, and he shall conform to the
same as part of the contract insofar as they may be
consistent with the or:ginal specifications and plans.
In the event of any doubt or question regarding
the true meaning of the specifications, the decision
of the District Engineer shall be final. In the event
of any discrepancy between any drawing and figures
written thereon, figures shall be taken as correct.
Should the Contractor believe that any work or-
dered is not properly a part of his contract or
according to the intent of these plans and specifica-
tions, he shall before commencing same notify the
District Engineer in writing of his objection to
same and shall not perform such work until notified
in writing by the District Engineer as to his deci-
sion in the matter. The commencement of any such
work shall act as a waiver by the Contractor of any
objection he may have to the execution of such
work, and as a waiver of any claim for ¢€- tra work
in consequence of such order.
These specifications and plans shall be consid-
ered d as supplementary one to the other, so that ma-
Joint Highway District No. 13 19
terials and workmanship, indicated, called for, or
necessarily implied by the one and not by the other,
shall be supplied and placed in the work the same
as though specifically called for by both.
(i) Compliance With Legislation—The Con-
tractor shall conform to all federal, State, County
and Municipal laws, ordinances and regulations,
which may apply to the work herein provided for,
and during the progress thereof, and shall pay for
licenses, fees and other charges levied or charged
*in accordance with such laws, ordinances or regula-
tions, and no claim for extra payment shall be made
to the District for such fee, license or charge, it
being specifically understood that such Licenses, fees
(j) Royalties—The Contractor shall pay all
royalties or other charges that may arise due to
methods, types of construction, processes, mate-
rials or use of equipment and shall hold the Dis-
trict harmless from any charges whatsoever which
may arise, and shall furnish written assurance sat-
isfactory to the Board of Directors that such
charges have been paid, and the Contractor shall
be liable for all such charges under the bonds fur-
. nished with said contract.
(k) Contractor’s Liability—On all work the
Contractor is to assume all liability of every kind
or nature, arising from said work, either from acci-
dent, negligence or any cause whatsoever during
the progress of the work and before the final ac-
ceptance thereof, and shall indemnify and hold the
20 Six Companies of California vs.
District harmless therefrom, and the bonds given by
the Contractor shall hold and secure the said Dis-
trict free>and harmless from any or all damage
or expense whatsoever.
(1) Insuranece—The Contractor at his own ex-
pense shall effect and maintain such Liability and
Workmen’s Cempensation Insurance as will pro-
tect him, the District and the District Engineer
from claims under the Workmen’s Compensation
Acts and from any other claims for damages for
personal injury, including death, which may arise
from operations under the contract, whether such
operations be by himself or by any subcontractor or
by anyone employed directly or indirectly by either
of them.
The Contractor shall also at his own expense
provide insurance against loss by fire, payable to
the District, to cover any and all structures or
property belonging to or in possession of the Dis-
trict and placed at the Contractor’s dispose] in
whole or in part, and also to cover all materials
accepted but not placed in the work which have
been included in the monthly estimates and which
have been or are to be taken over by the District.
The Contractor shall, before commencing work
on this contract, deliyer to the District Engineer
certificates from insurance companies cr_ their
agents stating “hat said insurances are in force
and will not be cancelled without written notice to
the District Engineer.
Joint Highway District No. 13 21
(m) Sub-letting and Assignment.—No sub-
contractor will be recognized as such and all per-
sons engaged in the work of construction will be
considered as employees of the Contractor and their
work shall be subject to the provisions of the con-
tract and specifications. Where a’portion of the
work which has been sublet by the Contractor is
not prosecuted in a manner satisfactory to the Dis-
trict Engineer, the subcontractor shall be removed
immediately on the order of the District Engineer
and shall not be employed again upon the work.
Neither the contract nor any part thereof shall
be assigned unless the Board of Directors first con-
sents in writing to such assignment. Such’ assign-
ment shall not relieve the Contractor or his bonds-
men from any liability whatsoever.
(n) Contractor Guarantees Work.—lIt is under-
stood that the Contractor is skilled_in the trade or
calling necessary to perform the work herein set
forth and that the District, not being skilled in
such matters, relies upon the Contractor to do and
perform all work necessary, and to do, supply and
furnish ali the acts and things necessary, at the
proper times and in the most skilful and desirable
manner, and the Contractor guarantees the work-
manship and materials furnished and supplied to
be the best of their kind. The acceptance of any
part or of the whole of the work does not operate
to release the Contractor or his bondsmen from said
guarantee. :
22 Six Companies of California vs.
(0) Dismissal of Workmen.—The District En-
7 gineer may, if he deem it necessary for the good of
the work, require the Contractor to dismiss any
workman on the work and such person shall not
again be employed on the work.
(p) Sanitary Arrangements. —The Contractor
shall make provision for and maintain in a sani-
tary manner at the work, all necessary and sanitary
conveniences for the workmen in accordance with
the rules and regulations of the Department of Pub-
lie Health, or the Department of Industrial Rela-
tions, acting in conjunction with said Department of
Public Health, and of all lawful authority.
(q) District May Perform Work.—(1) The
Contractor agrees that if the work to be done under
this contract shall be abandoned, or, if in the opin-
ion of the Board of Directors the work or any part
thereof is unnecessarily or unreasonably delayed,
or if the same is not prosecuted with the diligence
- and force specified, meant and intended in and by
the terms of the contract; or if the Contractor. is
wilfully violating any of the conditions or covenants
of the contract and specifications or of the plans or
of any part of the contract, or is executing the work
in bad, faith, the said Board of Directors sha]] then
have the power to notify said Contractor to discon-
tinue the work or any part thereof under the con-
tract, and thereupon the Contractor shall cease to
continue such work or such part thereof as the
Board of Directors may designate.
eas. oS SS eee a SS we Meee S se ES ae ea Ee gy ee ag bo) SS Guy ie pig Ie MR ee Serre a aro Ay r 7
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peer 5 NY er ae ON eae eee Cr a res See
~
Joint Highway District No. 13 23
(2) The said District shall thereupon have the
power to place such or so many persons and to ob-
tain by contract, purchase or hire such animals,
equipment, tools, materials and labor as the District
Engineer may deem necessary to work at and to be
used to complete the work herein described, or such
part thereof as the District Engineer may deem
necessary; and to use such material as may be
found upon the site of the work, and to procure
other material for the completion of the work, and
to charge the expense of such labor, material, ani-
mals, equipment, etc., to the Contractor, and the ex-
pense so charged shall be deducted and paid by the
District out of such money as may be due or may
at any time thereafter become due to the Contrac cr
under and by virtue of tris contract or any portion
thereof. |
(3) In ease such expense is less than the sum —
which would have been payable under this contract
at the unit prices bid, as calculated from the Dis-
trict Engineer’s final estimate if the work had been
completed by the Contractor, then the Contractor
shall be entitled to receive the difference, but in
case such expense shall exceed the last said amount
then the Contractor and his bondsmen shall be
jointly and severally liable to pay the amount of such
excess to the District on notice by the District of
the amount of excess so due. 7
(r) Temporary Suspension of Work.—The Dis-
trict Engineer shall have the authority to n Spend
the work wholly or in part for such period as he
c4 Siz Companies of California vs.
may deem necessary, due to unsuitable weather, or
to such other conditions as are considered unfavor-
able for the suitable prosecution of the work, or for
such time as he may deem necessary due to the
failure on the part of the Contractor to carry out
orders given, or to perform any provision of the
contract.. The Contractor shall immediately respect
the written order of the District Engineer to sus-
pend the: work «wholly or in part. The work shall
be resumed when conditions are favorable and meth-
ods are corrected, as ordered or approved in writ-
ing by the District Engineer.
(s) Lines and Grades.—The Contractor is to
furnish free of. charge all stakes necessary for mark-
ing and maintaining points and lines given by the
District Engineer; and shall give the District Engi-
neer such facilities and materials for giving said
lines and points as he may require, and the District
Engineer’s marks must be carefully preserved.
Sufficient points to line and grade will be set for
the Contractor to work to and no additional stakes
will be set. Any such stakes or marks lost, damaged
or obliterated shall be replaced at the expense of
the Contractor.
The Contractor shall do his own engineering and
shall be responsible for the completion of the work
to proper lines and grades in conformance with the
stakes set by the District Engineer.
The District Engineer shall be furnished facili-
ties for the checking of lines, elevations, grades and
forms at all times during the progress of the work,
Sale ana Sap ats Oe eae pe
Joint Highway District No. 13 25
The Contractor shall, without charge to the Dis-
trict, provide openings for and suspend work that
will in any way interfere with the surveys, at such
times and for such periods as the District Engineer
may deem necessary.
(t) Materials—(1) All materials shall be new
and of the best quality of their respective kinds
and fully up to the gen standards of these speci-
fications, and all workmanship shall be fully up to
the highest standard of modern cvunstruction and
practice.
The District Engineer may at any time order the
removal of rejected material from the site of the
work.
(2) Materials shall be stored so as to insure the
preservation of their quality and fitness for the
work. Stored materials shail be located so as to fa-
cilitate prompt inspection.
During the progress of the work all material
taken up and new material to be used shall be piled
and disposed of by the Contractor so that public
traffic and private property shall not be unduly
interfered with and all material shall be put in
places approved by the District Engineer.
(3) Samples of all materials used or offered for
use in connection with the work shall be furnished
to the District Engineer without cost to the District,
and he shall be given facilities and time of not less
than twelve (12) days for inspection and testing of
materials where necessary, in his opinion, to check
other tests.
26 Siz Companies of California vs.
No material shall be used until it has been ap-
proved by the District Engineer.
In addition to the above, the Contractor shall fur-
nish, at his own expense, materials and samples for
all tests specified herein or deemed necessary by
the District Engineer, and shall provide facilities
at his own expense, on all parts of the work and at
sources of supply, for the necessary sampling and
inspection of materials to be furnished, and of work
performed.
The standard and tentative specifications of the
American Society for Testing Materials, referred
to hereinafter by title or by their serial designa-
tions, are made a part of these specifications and
of any contract based thereon. When the abbrevia-
tion ‘‘A.S.T.M.”’ is used, it shall mear, the Ameri-
ean Society for Testing Materials, whose main office.
is at 1315 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pa. The re-
quirements of said society, except as herein specifi-
cally modified or otherwise provided ‘for, shall
govern for all materials required to complete any
work specified, where detailed specifications are
omitted as a whole or in part.
(u) Inspection—The Board of Directors, Dis-
trict Engineer and other authorized representatives
and assistants shall at all times have access to the
work during its construction and shall be furnished
with every reasonable facility for ascertaining that
the stock and materials used or employed, and work-
manship are in accordance with the intention of
these OT
4
Joint Highway District No. 13 27
(v) Use of Explosives—-When the use of ex-
plosives is necessary for the prosecution of the
work, the Coutractor shall use the utmost care not
to endanger life or property. All explosives shall be
stored in a secure manner, in compliance with local
laws and ordinances, and all such storage places
shall be marked clearly ‘‘Dangerous Explosives.”’
(w) Damage to Property.—The Contractor shall
restore, at his own expense, all damaged property,
whether public or private, including sidewalks,
curbs, fences, pipes, conduits, sewers, monuments,
stakes, bridges, culverts, pavements, etc., to a con-
dition as good as it was when he entered upon the
work, and in working order for the use and pur-
poses intended. He shall take such precautions as
are necessary to avoid damage and he shall prop-
erly strengthen structures over which he may move
his implements of equipment, before using them. |
The Contractor will be held responsible for all
damage caused by his equipment or the use of
same, and shall hold the District free and harmless
from any or all damage or cost. of damage whatso-
ever, :
The Contractor shall be responsible for any and
all damage to any person or property resulting from
defects or obstructions or from any cause whatso-
ever during the progress of the work or at any
time before its completion and final acceptance, and
shall indemnify and save harmless the District and
its officers and employees from all suits or actions
of every name and description brought for, or on
28 Six Companies of California vs.
account of any injuries or damages received or sus-
tained, by any person or persons by or from the
Contractor, his servants or agents; and so much of
the money due to the Contractor by virtue of the
contract as is considered necessary by the Board
of Directors shall be retained by the District until
such suits or claims for damages shall have been
settled and evidence to that effect furnished to the
satisfaction of the Board of Directors.
Where the Contractor uses any private property
he shall make all arrangements therefor and shall
assume all damages resulting therefrom.
Where property of the District is damaged said
District will deduct from any or all payments due
an amount sufficient to repair any and all such
damage. If the cost of repairing such damage is
in excess of the amount due or to become due the
Contractor, the Contractor and his bondsmen shall
be jointly liable to pay the amount of such excess
to the District.
(x) No Personal Liability—-The District, the
Board of Directors or any member thereof, the Dis*
trict Engineer, his representatives, or any other
officer or authorized employee of the District, shall
not in any manner be answerable or accountable
for any loss or damage that may happen to the
work, or any part thereof, or on account of said
work or part thereof, or on account of any action
of the Contractor, his agents or employees, whether
in connection with said work or the performance
of any part thereof, or otherwise, and the Contrac-
ve
Joint Highway District No. 13 29
tor must make good all damage from whatsoever
cause, being strictly responsible for the same under
this contract.
(y) Eight Hours to Constitute a Day’s Work.—
The time of service of any laborer, workman or
mechanic employed upon any of the works herein
specified shall be limited and restricted to eight (8)
hours during any one (1) calendar day, and no
laborer, workman or mechanic employed upon said
work herein specified shall be required or permitted
to labor more than eight (8) hours during any one
(1) calendar day, except in cases of extraordinary
emergency caused by fire, flood or danger to life or -
property; provided, however, that within . thirty
(30) days after any employee is permitted to work |
over eight (8) hours in any one (1) calendar day,
due to such extraordinary emergency, the Contrac-
tor or his duly authorized agent shall file with the
Board of Directors of the District a report verified
by his oath setting forth the nature of the said
emergency, which report shall contain the name of
said worker and the hours worked by him on said
day, and failure to file the said report within the
said time shall be prima facie evidence that no ex-
traordinary emergency existed. The Contractor and
each subcontractor shall also keep an accurate rec-
ord showing the names and actual hours worked of
all workers employed by him in connection with the
said public work, which record shall be open at all
reasonable hours to the inspection of the Board of
Directors of the District or its agent, and to the
chief of the Division of Labor Statistics and .Law
30 Siz Companies of California vs.
enforcement of the Department of Industrial Rela-
tions, his deputies or agents.
The Contractor shall forfeit as a penalty to the
District ten dollars ($10.00) for each laborer, work-
man or mechanic employed in the execution of said
contract by him or by any subcontractor under him
upon any public work herein specified for each
calendar day during which said laborer, workman
or mechanic is required or permitted to labor more
than eight (8) hours in violation of the provisions
of Section 653e of the Penal Code of the State of
California, and amendments thereto, and said sums
_ and amounts which shall have been so forfeited pur-
suant to this paragraph shall be withheld and re-
tained from payments due.to the Contractor pursu-
ant to this contract and the terms of said act; pro-
vided, however, that no sum shall be so withheld,
retained or forfeited, except from the final payment,
without a full investigation by either the Division
of Labor Statistics and Law Enforcement of the |
State Department of Industrial Relations, or by
said Board of Directors.
(z) Structures——(1) The removal and replacing
of any existing structures, pipes, sewers, conduits,
wires, ete., necessary for the proper completion of
any work herein specified, shall be performed by
the Contractor and no claim for extra work shail
be made for such removal and replacement.
(2) In case it shall be necessary to remove any
telephone, telégraph or electric power transmission
Joint Highway District No. 13 Bl
“ poles, water pipes, electrical conduits, or under-
ground structures of any character, or any portion
thereof, the owner or owners thereof, or their agents
or superintendents, shall be notified by the Coutrac-
tor and the Contractor shall make the necessary ar-
rangements for such removal. 'The right ic reserved
to the District and also to railway, water, gas, tele-
phone, telegraph and electrical power transmission
companies to enter upon the work for the purpose
of making repzirs and changes that have become
necessary by reason of the work specified herein.
(3) The Contractor shall thoroughly investi-
gate all existing poles, wires, pipes and conduits
above and below ground and shall provide for the
maintenance or replacing of same in good condition
and at no expense to the District. Any necessary
new or additional pipe or material shall be fur-
nished by the Contractor at his expense.
(4) At the completion of the work the Con-
tractor shall furnish the District Engineer with a
written certificate from the owner or owners of
each and all such conduits, pipes or structures to
the effect that such repiacements and maintenance
have been satisfactorily performed.
* (5) In ease work is te be done over or under
_ railroad tracks the Contractor shall make all ar-
rangements with the railroad companies concerned
and shall give written notice to the District that
such necessary arrangements have been made be--
fore any work at such places shall be started.
32 Siz Companies of California vs.
(z-2) Payment of Not Less than the General
Prevailing Rate of Wages.—The Contractor and
all subeontractors under him shall pay all their la-
borers, workmen, meckanics and employees on said ©
work a salary or wage at least equal to the prevail-
ing salary or wage for the sanie quality of service
rendered to private persons, firms or corporations
under similar employment, and which salary or
wage shall not be less than the general prevailing
rate of per diem wages for work’ of a similar
character in the locality in which the work is per-
formed, and not less than the general prevailing
rate of per diem wages for overtime work, and
which’ salary or wage shall not be less than the
stipulated rates contained in a schedule thereof
which has been ascertained and determined bv’ ‘the
Board of Directors of the District and which is
now on file with the Secretary of said Board arid by
reference incorporated herein and made’ a part
hereof and a copy of which is hereto appended
and marked ‘‘Exhibit A.’”? The Contractor shall for- .
feit as a penalty to the District ten dollars ($10.00)
for each laborer, workman or mechanic employed,
for each calendar day, or portion thereof, such’ la-
borer, workman or mechanic is paid less than the
said stipulated rates for work done under said ‘¢on-
tract, by him, or by any subeontractor under him in
violation of Chapter 397 of the Laws of 1931 of
the State of California, and said sums and amounts
_ which shall have been so forfeited shall be withheld
and retained from payments due to the Contractor
Joint Highway District No. 13 33
pursuant to this contract and the terms of said Act;
provided, however, that no sum shall be so withheld,
retained or forfeited, except from the final payment,
without a full investigation by either the Division —
of Labor Statistics and Law Enforcement of the
State Department of. Industrial Relations or by
said Board of Directors.
(2-3) Alien Labor and Record of Names and
Citizenship of All Workers Employed——The Con-
tractor and Subcontractor upon said work herein
specified shail not employ or cause or allow to be
employed thereon any alien except in cases of ex-
traordinary emergency caused by fire, flood or dan-
ger to life or property; provided, however, that
within thirty (30) days after any alien is: permitted
to work thereon due to such an extraordinary emer-
gency, the Contractor doing the work, or his duly
authorized. agent, shall file with the Beard of Di-
rectors a report verified by his oath, setting forth
the nature of the said emergency and containing
the name of the said alien and each date he was
permitted to work, and failure to file the said re-
port within the said time shall be prima facie evi-
dence that no such extraordinary emergency existed.
The Contractor and each Subeentractor shall also
keep, or eause to be kept, an accurate record show-
ing the names and citizenship of all workers em-
pen by. him, in connection with the said public
work, which record shall be open. at all. reasonable
houra to the inspection of the District Engineer,
ut Siz Companies of California vs.
his deputies and agents or to the Board of Directors,
its deputies and agents, and to the Chief of the Di- _
vision of Labor Statistics and Law Enforcement of
the State Department of Industrial Relations, his
deputies and agents.
The Contractor shall forfeit as a penalty to the
District ten dollars ($10.00) for each alien employed
in the execution of said contract, by him, or by any
subcontractor under him, upon said work herein
specified, for each calendar day, or portion thereof,
during which such alien is permitted or required to
labor in violation of the provisions of Chapter 398 «
of the Laws of 1931 of the State of California, and
said sums and amounts which she!! have been so for-
feited pursuant to the herein paragraph shall be
withheld and retained from payments due to the
Contractor pursuant to this contract, and the terms
of said Act; provided, however, that no sum shall
be so withheld, retained or forfeited, except from
the final payment, without a full investigation by
either the Division of Labor Statistics and Law En-
forcement of the State Department of Industrial
Relations or b7 said Board of Directors. |
(s-4) Traffic and -Detours—The Contractor
shall provide for ingress and egress for people liv-
ing adjacent to the site of work und for through
traffic where good detours cannot be arranged. He
shall arrange to take care of the existing traffic so
as to inconvenience the public as little as possible.
Joint Highway District No. 13 85
signs, red lights, watchmen ard other means as may
- be necessary to prevent accidents to the public. He
shalt furnish and place at points designated by the
Distriet Engineer such signs as may be necessary
to direct or control traffic and shall provide lights
as may be necessary for illuminating the said signs.
All experse in connection with the construction
and maintenance of detours and the above men-
tioned provisions for the public safety shali be at
the expense of the Contractor.
(2-5) Scheduleset Work.—The Contractor shall .
submit to the Distriet Engineer within five (5) days
after signing the contract a proposed schedule of
work, setting forth times of commencement, pro-
posed progress and probable dates of completion
of the various units and phases of the work. Such
schedule may be altered or amended from time to
time, by and with the written approval and consent
of the District Engineer, but. such alteration or
amendment shall not in any ease be construed to
change the final date of completion of the work as
set forth in the contract. |
[Clerk's Note: As Amended by Plaintiff's Hx-
hibit No. 10.] { ,
86 Siz Companies of California vs.
therewith,;-or-other such infcrmation as is herein-
after called for in these specifications to be sub-
mitted with bids, such data and information setting
forth all of the matters and things as specified shall
not be submitted with the bid but instead shall be
submitted to the District Engineer in sufficient time
_ to nermit of checking and iosting but not less than
“four (4) months prior to the installation of such
equipment on the project.
SECTION 7. CLEARING
1. Clearing.—Clearing shall consist of clearing
and grubbing the site of the work of all trees,
rubbish, stumps, roots, grass, heavy sod, debris,
decayed vegetable matter or «ther encumbrances,
and the* removal and disposal of same. Trees or
stumps within the roadway area shall be removed
to a depth of not less than ‘three feet (3’) below
the finished grade of any roadway area, and the
holes thus made shall be backfilled with earth or
gravel and thoroughly tamped. Trees or stumps on
portions outside of roadway areas or within the
roadway areas upon which fills in excess of three
feet (3’) are to be placed, or on areas where the
District has slope privileges but, which will be under
fills, may be cut off at the level of the ground as it
exists prior to the placing of the fills. On slopes in
trees, stumps and roots shall be cut off
‘to the line of the finished slopes. tae
2. Disposal of Cleared Material—Tees, stumps,
brush, limbs and other debris for which burning is
Joint Highway District No. 18 81
practicable, may be burned or otherwise disposed
of away from the site of the work at the expense
of the Contractor. No aecumulation of inflammable
or combustible material shall be permitted to remain
on or adjacent to the site of the work. Burning shall
be done in a manner to prevent damage to surround-
ing or adjacent property and shall conform to all
rules, regulations and ordinances of the State,
®County or Municipality where such apply. The Dis-
trict Engineer shall have the right to regulate the
hours in which burning is done, so as not to inter-
fere with other portions of the work, and to pre-
vent inconvenience to nearby residents and property
owners.
The Contractor shall obtain the approval of the
District Engineer as to methods and time of burn-
ing, before any such operation is permitted.
Material which cannot be efficiently destroyed by
burning shall be’ removed entirely and disposed of
away from the site of the work by the Contractor
i een sebnleranler net tneonpeniagntcnaaginst
moval and. disposal.
3. Payment for Clearing.—No separate payment
ar allowance’ shall be made to the: Contractor: for
of debris, but the price paid per unit of work un-
' der “‘Grading’’ shall include full compensation for
furnishing all labor, materials, tools, implements
and equipment, and doing all incidental work neees-
sary to clear the site of the work as above specified.
if sy tpt ee?
W
38 Siz Companies of California vs.
SECTION 8. GRADING
1. Deseription—Grading ist of the
performing of all operations necessary, : excavate
earth and rock from the roadway prism, to excavate
: ditches and borrow pits, ‘to build fills and\embank-
« __ments in the locations and to the elevations, form
and cross-sections designated or planned. for same;
-,_te grade all approaches to structures; either exist-
ing or new and to make proper connecticns with
existing streets or roadways, to transport excavated
material to portions of the work where a deficiency
exists within the limits of free haul designated, to
dispose of surplus material from the site of the .
work, and shall include the furnishing of all labor,
materials and equipment necessary for these opera-
tions and the performance of incidental work of
whatsoever nature as may be required to build the
grade and the approaches to it and maintain them
in the form specified until the completion and ac-
ceptance of the contract.
2. Construction Roads—Grading involved in the
building of construction roads which may be re-
quired to give easy access to any. portion of the
work, or to facilitate constructing embankments in
layers, or which may be done for the convenience
of the Contractor or may be necessary for the
proper operations of the Contractor in the conduct
of the work, will not be paid for. Full eompensa-
tion for such work will be considered as included
_ im the» price bid for ““Grading,” and no additional
~ allowance will be made therefor.
eee
Joint Highway District No. 13 39
3. Unsuitable Materials—All soft or unsuitable
material shall be excavated and@the space refilled
with good earth, gravel or other suitable material
satisfactory to the Engineer, before making fill upon
-it, Soft spots shall be excavated to a depth of at
least two feet (2’) and refilled. The yardage actually
removed will be paid for at the unit price bid for
‘‘Grading. ”?
In solid rock excavation or other material which
cannot be readily plowed, the material shall be
loosened and broken up for the full width of the
roadbed, so that any ribs or solid projections shall
be at least six inches (6”) below subgrade eleva-
tion. The yardage so broken up for a depth of six
inches (6”) will be paid for at the unit price bid
for “Grading.” The broken up material shalt be
removed and the resulting space refilled with ap-
proved material, provided, however, that the Engi-
neer may, if, in his judgment, the broken up tate-
rial is satisfactory for subgrade material, permit
‘such: material to remain without removal. ;
4, Blasting —Excessive blasting or over shoot-
ing will not be permitted and the Contractor will
be required to remove at his owi? expense any mate-
rial outside the authorized cross-sections which may
be shattered or loosened by blasting. The Contractor
will be liable for any damages of any nature caused
to public or private property, either on or off the
right-of-way, by blasting: operations. The Engiti
shall have authority to require the Contractor’to -
6 eet soos
a
40 Six Companies of California v8.
i) ’
discontinue. any method of blasting which leads to
overshooting or is dangerous to the public or de-
strfictive to public or private property or to natural
featurgs, but such authority of the) Engineer shall
not relieve or release the Contractor from his re-
sponsibility or liability for damages of any kind.
5. Slides—The removal of large slides from out-
side the limits of the staked cross-section, which
come into the roadway through no fault of the
Contractor, will be paid for at the unit price bid
for ‘‘Grading.’’ This provision shall not be con-
strued as to relieve the Contractor from the duty of
maintaining true to cross-section all slopes and
ditches, or from the reauirements set forth above
under ‘‘Blasting.”’ . i}
6. Slopes.—Exc:vations shall be finished with
all slopes cut true and straight, in conformity with
the lines and grades of slope set by the District
Engineer, and all slopes whether old or new shall
be maintained with true and even surfaces.
7. Drainage Ditches.—Drainage ditches shall be
constructed as shown on the plans. or as directed
by the District Engineer, true to grade and ¢ross-
section, and thereafter so maintained for the du-
ration of the contract. The Contractor shall exercise
gare to prevent excavating below the grade for the ©
bottom of the ditch. Holes and depressions. below
the grade of the bottom cf the ditch shall be filled
with suitable material and semboncten: at the ex-
‘pense of the: Contractor. a pth.
5
%
Joint Highway District No. 13 41
Drainage ditches off ,the line of the right-of-way
and water channels for changing the course of
streams, where shown on the plans or ordered by
the District Engineer, shall be excavated by the
Contractor.
8. Widening Cuts—The District Engineer may
direct that cuts be widened and slopes increased
over the widths and slopes shown upon the plans,
when, in his judgment, such work is necessary to
provide material) ) needed for embankments/ or to
obtain stability of slopes; and provided that such
direction is given prior to the actual commence-
ment by the Contractor of excavatior in the cut to
be widened.
If the material is of such nature that it will stand
at a steeper slope than that shown on the plans,
and when the material that would be excavated by
cutting beck to the slope shown on the plans is not
required or is not suitable for embankment pur-
poses, such slopes shall be decreased where —
by the Engineer.
9. Selected Material.— When suitable sinhenian'’ is
etepiiibeeeks in excavation, which, in the opinion of
the Engineer, should be used for finishing, the Con-
tractor shall excavate and segregate such material,
pile the same within the limits of free haul, and
later use this material to. surface the roadbed or _
to construct. shoulde ‘5, Selected mate ‘ial ‘0 § ys i
piled and later placed on the roadway by the Con- —
tractor will be paid for twice at the unit price bid
for “Grading. Es
— ~~
oA A 8 SRT
qv) st Sy
ae 42 Sia Companies of California vs.
will not be made if material so stockpiled is not
fy actually placed on the roadway by the Contractor,
| in which- case it will be paid for but once as pro-
Hi vided under payment for ‘‘Grading.”’
i 10. Measurement.—Quantities of excavation will
i be computed by the method of average end areas,
HM! the distance between end areas being measured
if along the center’ line of the roadway. Excavation
:
| ii in excess of the authorized cross-section will not be
{ } paid for. The final estimate of excavation quantities
i will be the quantities included within the slope
7 stakes set to define the limits of work and authorized
modifications therefrom. This shall include author-
ized borrow and removal of unpreventable slides.
: Selected material stock-piled and later placed on
+ the shoulders or used: for surfacing will be esti-
i ’ mated twice, both when excavated from the roadway
i) ' and when rehandled from the stock piles.
11. Payment.—The price paid per cubic yard
for ‘‘Grading’’ shall include full compensation for
clearing and grubbing, the excavation, loading,
transporting, depositing, watering and compacting
of the roadway materials in accordance \vith the
specifications, and all other work incidental thereto.
Exeavating unsuitable material, slide removal, exca-
y vation of drainage ditches, surface ditches and chan-
a. nels for changing the courses of streams, rehandling
i. stockpiled materia! on the surface or shoulders will
be paid for at the unit price bid for ‘‘Grading,”’
which price shall include full compensation for all
work necessary or incidental thereto.
Jvuint Highway District No. 18 43
*Overhaul will be paid for as otherwise herein
provided. Xa
12. Embankment.—(a) After the site of the
work has been cleared and grubbed to the satisfac-
tion of the Engineer, the total width upon which
fill is to be made skall be plowed and broken up so
that new fill material will bind with the old earth.
When embankments are to be made on hill sides
or where new fill is to be applied upon existing em-
bankments, the slopes of the existing surfaces shall
be plowed deeply or cut into steps before the fiiling
is commenced.
- Only material suitable for embankments shall be
used for filling. The best fine surfacing material
shall be saved for finishing. Clods or hard lumps
of earth over six inches (6”) in greatest dimension
shall be broken up before being placed in ‘the fill
with the object of obtaining a dense embankment.
Large rocks or hard lumps such as hard-pan or ce-
mented gravel which cannot be broken readily shall
be distributed throughout the embankment and filled
around with fine material so as to secure a dense
compact embankment. No such rocks or lumps over
six inches (6”) in size shall be placed in the upper
two feet (2’) of embankment unless they are buried
b-eiete, le: @-nariein sot ee aI ee
is saslidneunnddnien ida mibeheieg
ae caeaiematnonncanenraaniaaaias
shall be well distributed and the interstices com-
44 Siz Companies of California vs.
pletely filled with smaller stone and earth to form
a dense, solid embankment.
All adobe material placed in embankment shall
be deposited at the bottom of the fill and no adobe
shall be placed in embankment. above a point one
foot (1’) below the finished grade,
(b) Compacting.—Except as otherwise speci-
fied herein embankments shall be constructed in
layers not exceeding eight inches (8”) in thickness,
The sides of the fill shall be placed first and the
center shall be carried up lower than the sides.
Each layer shall be thoroughly compacted by roll-
ing with a twelve (12) ton three-wheeled power
roller or with a tamping roller, the outer surface
of which shall be studded with teeth not less than
__ seven inches (7”) long and having a surface area
of approximately four square inches. (4 sq. in.)
each; the roller shall be of such a weight that the
lead upon each tooth will be not less than three
hundred pounds (300 Ibs.). Unless the material
when placed in the fill is moist enough to be prop-
erly compacted, each layer shall be watered suffi-
ciently to dampen the material before being rolled.
Successive layers shall not be placed until the layer
under construction has been thoroughly compacted.
Embankments built of rock or rocky material
shall be constructed in layers from eight inches
(8”) to not more than eighteen inches (18”) in
thickness, and watered and rolled thoroughly with
} a three-wheeled power roller weighing not less than —
i twelve (12) tons. The use of tamping or sheepsfoot
H ail
Joint Highway District No. 13 45
rollers will not be permitted for compacting layers
over eight inches (8”) in thickness. The thickness
of the layers of the material containing large rock
shall be the miziimum which the size of the rock
present in the material will permit, but in no case
shall the thickness of the layers exceed eighteen
inches (18”). The Contractor will be requited to
break up oversize rock with sledges or ‘otherwise to
make the layers conform to the maximum allowable
thickness.
In advance of watering and rolling, sufficient
earth or other fine material shall be incorporated
with the coarse rock, as it is deposited, to provide
a dense solid embankment. Overhaul will be paid
on such earth or fine material if it is necessary to
haul it further than the limit of free haul.
In making fills or embankment around columns,
abutments or other parts of structures the work
shall be done as specified under “Backfill,” pare-
graph 2 of Section 9.
(ec) Shrinkage Allowance and Maintenance—
Embankments shall be maintained to the grade and
¢rose section shown on the plans or otherwise au-
thorized or directed,* until the completion and -
acéeptance of the contract. Suitable allowance for
The Contractor shall be responsible for the sta-
bility of all constructed embankments and shall re-
place, without cost to the District, any portions
which in the opinion of the Engineer have become
_
46 Siz Compunies of California vs.
displaced, due to carelessness or negligence, on the
part of the Contractor, his employees or agents.
(d) Surplus Excavated Material.—All surplus
excavation and waste material shall be used to
widen embankments uniformly or to flatten slopes,
or shall be disposed of in such other places and for
such purposes as the Engineer may direct. The Con-
tractor shall not waste material without written
authority from the Engineer. Full compensation for
the disposal of surplus excavated material shall be
considered as included in the prices bid per cubic
yard for ‘‘Grading,”’ and no additional allowance
will be made for such disposal.
(e) Payment.—Full compensation for construct-
ing and compacting embankments as herein speci-
fied shall be considered as included in the prices
bid per cubic yard for ‘‘Grading’’ and no additional
allowance and no other charge will be allowed for
the performance of any operation specified or in-
tended or necessary to conform properly to the
results intended by these specifications. -
13. Qverhaul.—(a) When excavated material is
disposed of as provided by these specifications or
as directed by the Fingineer, within a distance of
fiye hundred feet, no payment for overhaul shall be
made, it being understood that a free haul of five
hundred feet is covered by the price paid for ‘‘Grad-
ing.”’ When excavated material is required to be
hauled beyond five hundred feet (500’), the haul
beyond five hundred feet (500’) shall be classed as
“‘Overhaul.”’
w a
~
Joint Highway District No. 13 47
Overhaul shall be measured by the station yard
and for the purpose of measurement a station is
defined as one hundred feet (100). In computing
overhaul, the number of station yards will be de-
termined as the product of the number of cubic
yards remaining in any cut, after proper deduction
has been made for material placed within the free
haul distance by the number of stations such mate-
rial is hauled, less the five (5) stations of free haul.
The distance such material is hauled will be taken
| as the distance between the center of volume of
such remaining cut and the center of volume of the
corresponding fill. The distance between centers of
volume will be measured along the center line of
construction. |
The Contractor shall notify the District Engi-
neer when overhaul is to be performed and no pay-
ment willbe made for any overhaul unless such
notificatiox’ is given and a written authorization
obtained from the District Engineer to proceed.
Such authorization will set worth the approximate
amount of overhrul for which payment will be
made, and the method of measurement of sane, to
be agreed upon by the Contractor in writing. The
decision of the District Engineer shall be final in
all questions which may arise as to the disposition
of material and the amount of overhaul to be al-
ee (b) Payiuents.—The price bid per station yard
for ‘“‘Overhaul’’ shall include full compensation ‘for
hauling and/or transporting and depositing mate-
_ vial beyond the free haul distance as above specified.
48 Siz Companies of California vs.
SECTION 9. EXCAVATION FOR
STRUCTURES
1. Exeavation—Excavation, including the re-
placing of excavated material or backfill of trenches
for pipe culverts, headwalls and concrete culverts,
bridges, retaining walls or other structures will be
known as ‘Structural Exeavation.”’
““Struetural Excavation’ shall include the re-
moval of all material of whatever nature neces-
sary for the construction of foundations and sub-
structures in accordance with the plans or approved
modifications thereof. It shall include the construc-
tion of all bracing, cribs, cofferdams, caissons and
other details as may be necessary and the subsequent
removal of bracing, cribs, cofferdams, caissons and
other structures. It shall also include the furnish-
ing of all materials and equipment necessary to per-
form the work specified, together with the incidental
structures necessary.
Trenches shall be excavated of a size equal to
the approximate size of the structure to be built
therein, plus the additional size required for proper
cribbing.
2. Backfill—After the piers and abutments are
im place materials shall be backfilled to the origi-
nal ground line. No material ehall be deposited in
fills against the backs of abutments or walls until
twenty-one (21) days have elapsed after the pour-
ing of the concrete in the main walls taking stress.
Joist Higiway District No. 13 49
ments and columns shail be brought up uniformly
on all sides in order to avoid causing, binding or
distortional stresses in the structures.
Backfill shall be placed carefully in horizontal
layers not exceeding eight inches (8”) in thickness
and puddied or tamped or rolled as the District
Engineer may direct. Puddling shall be prohibited
in any situation where it might soften the founda-
tions or develop hydrostatic pressure behind walls.
The District Engineer may require selected mate-
rial to be used in locations where, in his judgment, ~
such use is necessary.
Material which is unsuitable for use in backfill
shall not be used as such, but may be used on other
parts of the work, if suitable, or, if no such place
exists, shall be disposed of by the Contractor at
his own expense, in a manner to be approved by the
suitable for backfill shall be transported and used
to backfill where a deficiency of suitable backfill ma-
terial exists, at the site of structures or to widen.
fills, arid no additional charge shall be made for the
or unsuitable material being disposed of.
estimated to include the actual volume of material
removed to neat vertical ‘planes, surrounding the
foundation structure ; and no allowance will be made
for such excavation outside of neat planes as may
be mecessary for bracing, éribbing, eofferdams or
saps diaxitiay: ai setaren: Ete, iia tha
+ Ces Pert Ties -caeprenors onan tin eee ly
50 Siz Companies of California vs.
limits of computed: volume shail be the original
ground surface and the bottom of the completed
footing; except that for culverts in roadway or
ditch cuts the volume will be computed up to the
finished subgrade only and for culverts in roadway
fills will be computed to the original ground sur-
face before the fill was placed.
No allowance will be made for the removal of
material caused by swelling or rising of the ground
due to the driving of piles or the flow of materials
through or under cofferdams or caissons.
No measurement will be allowed for backfill, but
such operation shall be included in the price paid
perserpne eyed toy mymarial ie: hreetneel Excaya-
tion.”’
4. Payment.—The price paid per cuble aie for
‘Structural Excavation’”’ ‘‘Class A’’ shall include
full compensation for excavating, backfilling and
disposing of surplus material as specified and inelud-
ing the cost of construction of all bracing, cribs,
cofferdams, caissons and other auxiliary structures
and tiieir subsequent removal.
If it is necessary in the opinion of the District
Engineer to increase the depth of: any or all of the
excavations more than two feet (2’) below, the depth
shown on the plans, such excavation below said two
foot (2’) additional depth will be paid for at. the
unit price bid for ‘Structural Exeavation’’ ‘‘Class
B.””. =.
No meafurement wil a made or sannieien pay-
ment allowed for ‘Structural Excavation”? where
Joint Highway District No. 13 61
such excavation is specifically included as part of
structures or other units of work and paid for as
such, as otherwigy provided herein.
at, FE
SECTION 10. SUBGRADE
1. Deseription—The subgrade will be consid-
ered as that portion of the rogdway forming the
foundation on which surfacing or paving is to be
placed. |
Before the surfacing or paving is placed the sub-
grade shall be constructed conforming to the grades
and eross-secticns shown on the plans and in ac-
cordance with these specifications. ‘
coca tera Spree denen
8
tion, hard, uniform, smocth and must support -
without perceptible indentation the wheels of heav-
ily loaded trucks.
2. Preparing Subgrade.—The surface of the
roadway where pavement is to be constructed shall
be brought by excavation and embankment to an
elevation two inches (2”) lower than the bottom
surface of the pavement, as shown on the plans,
The roadbed shall then be thoroughly watered and
all fills more than one foot (1’) in depth shall be
dyked and flooded with water for a sufficient length |
of time to allow full settlement to take place. The
grade shall then be rolled thoroughly and rolling
shall be extended over the adjacent shoulder arr as
at the same time. Headerboards as hereinafter spe-
se eae
DD ed ae _ - me en eee a
BESET A OE SFIS NO
nore — = Fr
52 Siz‘Companies of California vs.
then be loosened to a depth of approximately six.
inches (6”) with a rooter, scarifier or plow so oper-
ated that no ribs of compacted material will be left
in place. Clods shall be broken up and the loosened
material disked to its full depth with a cultivator.
High spots shall be removed and depressions filled
by means of a scraper and the cultivating continued
until the soil is pulverized.
The pulverized soil shall be roughly shaped to
cross-section and rolled with a power roller weigh-
ing not less than three hundred and fifty (350)
pounds per lineal inch width of tire. The surface
shall then be graded uniformly to a height of two
inches (2”) below the bottom surface of the pro-
posed pavement by means of a subgrader or shaper
riding .on the headerboards. The area between the
headerboards shall then be backfilled with gravel
or crushed rock backfill hereinafter specified to a
depth whichrwill, after final rolling and shaping,
make a thoroughly compact subgrade true to crown
and section and grade of the bottom of the pro-
posed pavement. The gravel or crushed rock back-
fill shall then be worked into the previously pre-
pared ‘material by a harrow or cultivator until a
unifonn distribution of the two materials is had.
‘The grade shall then be watered uniformly with
a sufficient quantity of water to saturaic ‘he ~ixed
materiais and shall be worked with a cultivator
until the loose material for its entire: dep.h is at
the proper consistency for rolling. If dry «pots be-
come apparent, or, if spongy or‘ wavy spots due to
¥
Joint Highway District No. 18 53
use of two much water or nu‘ enough harrowing
develop during rolling, the condition shall be cor-
rected before proceeding further. Rolling shall be
continued until’ no more compression is possible.
Additional gravel or crushed rock shall be added
where necessary to bring the section to the required
elevation, and rolling and watering shall be con-
tinued until the entire subgrade is smooth aud eom-
pect and slightly higher than aie finished subgrade
‘wlevation.
“Immediately after rolling the subgrade shall be
cut to true grade and cross-section by means of a
subgrader: riding on the headerboards. The excess
material shall be remdved immediately and on the
fine] cut the wheels of \the subgrader shall rest on
the headerboardgs, at all points as — when
they are revolving.
After the final cut the ssdiedehir dipebneo thlinel
by:means of a scratch template. The nails in this
template shall be not more than three inches (3”)
apart and shall project at least three-quarters of
an inch (34”) from the wood in such a manner as
to be on line for the true depth and surface of the
subgrade when the template is supported on each
- gide of the headerboards. Any high spots in the
subgrade shall be immediately corrected. Low spots
will be backfilled, provided the entire area is scari-
fied, watered and rerolled r such backfilling or
the ‘Contractor may for the low sub-
grade by ‘additional thickness o& pavement. No al-
teration of the finished pav t grade will be
St | Sit Companies of California vs,
permitted on account of low subgrade, and the addi-
tional thickness of pavemeht shall be provided by
the Contractor at no expense to the District.
When the subgrade has been finally tested and
approved by the District Engineer it shall again
be watered and shall then be protected by the Con-
tractor against damage by either his own or public
traffic. Any irregularities which develop in the sub-
grade cue to use thereof by the Contractor or the
public or by storage of materials, or by any other
cause, shall be corrected by the Contractor batore
pavement is placed. :
3. Crushed Rock .or Gravel Backfill,--The .
erushed rock or gravel backfill required for. meking
subgrade shall be such a, mixture of crushed, rock
or gravel or broken rock:as will readily compact and
after rolling and watering will make a hard, firm
dense. subgrade. Material from the roadway exca-
vation will not be used for this backfill. The mate-
rial shall*not contain any rock or gravel over one
inch (1”) in its largest dimension, and shall all be
retained on a screen having one-quarter inch (14”)
openings. The Contractor shall ‘submit les of
the material to be used to the Engineer and receive
his approval before any shall be placed on the
4,. Payment.—The price paid per square foot
for the various types of pavement shall include full
eompensation for all plowing, harrowing, watering,
rolling, furnishing and placing crushed rock or
Joint Highway District No. 13° a
gravel, backfill, grading and shaping afd finishing
subgrade, and for. furnishing all labor, materials,
tools, implements and equipment and doing all work
incidental to shaping and preparing the subgrade
for pavement.
* x * cs * * * 7
SECTION 13. PORTLAND GEMENT
CONCRETE
Compositica of Concrete
1 .Deseription.—Portland Cement Concrete shall |
be composed of specified mixtures. of Portland Ce-
ment, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water, in
two (2) general classes, as follows: :
Class ‘‘A’’—For sections of concrete structures
ae, having a thickness of eight inches
(8”) or less, or having reinforcing
bars spaced four inches (4”) or
less in. the clear.
Class “‘B’’-—For pavement, and for sections, of
nel -lining, having a_ thickness
grea‘er than eight inches (8”) and
having reinforcing bars spaced
more than — inches eli in the
clear. |
For concrete structures. where ‘striet adherence
' to this clagsification. would require, placing both con-
crete of Class ‘‘A”’ and Class ““B”’ in small quanti-
ties in pontinnous plapstnent, the Disier Maree
56 Siz Companies of California vs.
may permit the use of either class of concrete
throughout the section, as he deems desirable, and
his judgment in such cases shall be final.
2.. Proportions and Consistency.—The propor-
tions of fine and coarse aggregate to be used for
each class of concrete will be determined by the
District Engineer after the materials have been de-
livered to the site of the work. Such proportions
will depend upon the grading of the aggregates, but
the amount of fine aggregate shall always be the
minimum amount required, which, when combined
with cement, will produce only a slight excess of
mortar over that necessary to completely fill the
voids in the coarse aggregate. The District Engineer
shal! have the right to change the proportions of
cement and of fine and coarse aggregate and the
consistency of the conerete mix, when, in his oun
ment, such change is desirable.
The amount of water required for the proper con-
sistency of each class of concrete shall be determined
by the District Engineer by means of the slump test,
made in accordance with the Tentative Method of
Test for Consistency of Portland Cement Concrete,
Serial: Designation D 138-26T, of the American So-
ciety for Testing Materials. In general, the consist-
ency of the concrete shall be as dry as in the judg-
ment of the District Engineer, can be thoroughly
compacted i in the forms through the use of vibratory
tampers to completely fill the forms without voids
omstone pockets.
Joint Highway District No. 13 57
Samples for slump tests will be taken from the
- nxture immediately as it enters the forms.
Class ‘‘A’’ Concrete shall be a mixture as herein
specified, in which the amount of cement in the
finished product shall be not less than five hundred
and seventeen (517) pounds and not more than six
hundred and eleven (611) pounds per cubic yard of
concrete. It is expected that the proportions of ce-
ment, fine aggregate and No. 4 to one and one-half
inch (144”) coarse aggregate will be approximately
1:2:4 by weight, and that the slump will be not less
than two inches (2”) nor more than four inches
(4”).
Class ‘‘B’’ Concrete shall be a mixture as herein
specified, in which the amount of cement in the
finished product shall be not iess than four hundred
and seventy (470) pounds and not more than five
hundred and sixty-four (564) pounds per cubic yard
of concrete. It is expected that the proportions of
eument, fine aggregate, No. 4 to one and one-half inch
(114") eoarse aggregate and one and one-half inch
(1144”) to two and one-half inch (244”) coarse ag-
gregate will be approximately 1:24:4:1 by weight,
and that the slump will be not less than one inch
(1) nor more than four inches (4”).
The range in amounts of cement and in permis-
sible slump is for the purpose of obtaining the best
mix with the aggregates furnished, adapted to the
methods of transportation and placing: of concrete
to be used by the Contractor in the various struc-
tures. In general, when the maximum slump is
58 Siz Companies of California vs.
necessary, the larger amount of cement will be re-
quired; but it is the purpose and intent to obtain
mixtures which will produce the desired strength
with the minimum amount of cement. It is hereby
specified, and the District Engineer will require,
that methods of handling and placing be adopted
which will permit the use generally of a mixture
whose consistency will approximate the lower limits
of the specified slumps.
Should conditions arise which, in the opinion of
the District Engineer, require, for proper transport-
ing and piacing, the use of concrete mixtures which
have consistencies producing a slump in excess of
the maximum specified, the District Engineer shall
determine an additional amount of cement to be
added to the mixture for the purpose of obtaining
a strength equivalent to that of the specified mix-
ture, and the Contractor shall furnish such addi-
tional cement at his expense and without charge to
the District. The judgment of the District Engineer
shall be final and binding upon the Contractor as
to the necessity for and the amount of additional
cement to be furnished and used.
This provision shall not be construed as giving
the Contractor the option of supplying additional
cement as an alternative to using methods of trans-
porting and placing conerete of the type specified,
but is ®ntended only to meet special or unusual con-
ditions “which may arise due to the nature of the
work’ and the possible hazards which may. be
involved. +
Joint Highway District No. 13 59
Cement
3. Description.—The cement used in concrete
shall consist of Portland cement conforming to the
requirements of the Standard Specifications for
Portland Cement, Serial Designation C9-30 of the
American Society for Testing Materials. |
4. Delivery.—Cement shall be furnished ih bags
or sacks containing ninety-four (94) pounds of ce-
ment net, with the brand and the name of the manu-
facturer plainly marked thereon, or, with the ap-
proval of the District Engineer, may be furnished
in bulk.
5. Storage——Cement shall be stored so as to per-
mit of ready access for inspection and identification
of each shipment, and shall be protected from ex-
posure to moisture until used. Cement shall not be
stored on the work longer than sixty (60) days, and
any cement that becomes caked, lumpy or hardened.
shall’ be rejected and removed at the Contractor’s
expense.
6. Plant Inspection and Testing.—The Contrac-
tor shall make arrangements with the cement com-
pany from whom cement is purchased to set aside
sealed bins from which samples may be taken by
the Engineer, and no cement shall be shipped to the
work exvept from such bins. Information for iden-
tification of the bin from which cement is obtained
with times of filling, sampling and shipmert shall
accompany each shipment of cement. No cement
shall be shipped to the work until it dhall have sat-
ee
60 Siz Companies of California vs.
fications, including the 28-day test for tensile
strength. At intervals of approximately one month,
the records of quantities of eement shipped, cement
received, cement used in concrete, and cement re-
maining in stosage at the work shall be made avail-
able to the Engineer.
The Engineer shall have the right to sample and
test cement on the work, and the approval of any
cement at the plant shall not prevent the rejection
of cement on the work when such cement does not
in every respect conform to these specifications.
S)°
) Water /
7. Description.—Water used for mixing concrete
shall be clean and clear, free ftom injurious amounts
of acids, alkalis, oil, sulphates, organic matter or
other deleterious substances. In determining the
suitability of water for use, the Engineer’s judg-
ment shall be final. Water from the regular supply
of the East Bay Municipal Utility District will be
considered satisfactory.
Aggregates
8. Description—Aggregate shall consist of clean,
hard, strong, durable particles of inert mineral
material, free from injurious amounts of organic
matter, oil, alkali and salt, and conforming to the
requirements of these specifications. Aggregate shall
consist of three classes, namely, fine aggregate, No.
4 to 1% inch coarse aggregate, and 114 to 2% inch
coarse aggregate.
Joint Highway District No. 13 61
For each class of aggregate the amount of clay
shall not exceed one per cent (1%) by weight, and
the total amount of clay, shale and soft or flaky
particles shall not exceed five per cent (5%) by
weight. |
Aggregate for test shall be sampled in accordance
with the Standard Methods of Sampling, Serial
Designation D75-22, of the Ameriean Society for
Testing Materials. The sieve analysis shall be made
in aceordance with the Standard Method of Test
for Sieve Analysis of Aggregates for Concrete,
Serial Designation (41-24 of the American Society
for Testing Materials. —
Aggregate of each class shall be from one source
of supply only, except by permission of the District
Engineer. Prior to the beginning of the work the
Contractor shall submit representative samples to
the District Engimeer for test and approval, and
the grading of aggregates as furnished shall not
vary from that of the approved samples by more
than the amounts hereinafter specified.
9. Fine Aggregate—Fine aggregate shall con-
sist of washed sand conforming to the requirements
of these specifications.
The total amount of clay, silt and other material ¢
removable by decantation shall be not less than
one per cent®(1%) and not more than three per
cent (3%) by weight, when tested in accordance
with the Standard Method of Decantation Test for
Sand: and other fine aggregates, Serial Designation
_ 62 Siz Companies of California vs.
D 136-28, of the American Society for Testing
Materials.
The amount of organic matter shal) be not greater
than that which will produce a color equal to or
lighter than that of the standard color solution,
when tested in accordance with the’ Standard
Method of Test for Organic Impurities in Sands
for Conerete, Serial Designation C 40-27, of the
American Society for Testing Materials.
Briquets of mortar made of one part of cement
to three parts of fine aggregate, by weight, shall
develop after the age of seven (7) days not less
than ninety per cent (90%) of the strength of
similar briquets made of standard Ottawa testing
sand, using the same cement, the same mix, and
having the same consistency.
Fine aggregate shall be well graded from coarse
to fine within the specified limits, and when tested
by means of laboratory sieves shali*conform to the
following requirements:
Passing No. 4 sieve. 95% to 100%
Passing No. 30 sieve. 25% to 45%.
Passing No. 50 sieve 5% to 16%
The fineness modulus of fine aggregate as ex-
pressed by 1/100 of the sum of the cumulative per-
centages coarser. than each of the Tyler standard
sieves in the standard sieve analysis shall be not
less than 2.50 nor more than 3.25.
Joint Highway District No. 13 63
. The grading of fine a, vregate shall be reasonably.
constant and the fineness modulus shall not vary
from that for the approved representative sample
submitted at the beginning of the work by more
than + 0.20.
10. Coarse Aggregates.—Coarse aggregate shall
consist of washed gravel, washed crushed stone or
washed crushed gravel, free from adherent coatings
and conforming to the requirements of these speci-
fications.
The total amount of clay, silt and other material
removable by decantation shall be not more than
five-tenths per cent (0.5%) by weight when tested
in aecordance with the Standard Method of Test
for Quantity of Clay and Silt in Gravel for Nigh-
way Construction, Serial Designation D72-21, of
the American ‘Society for Testing Materials.
Coarse aggregate shall pass the Sodium-sulfate
test for soundness, made in accordance with the
Tentative Method of Test for Soundness of Coarse
Aggregates by the Use of Sodium Sulfate, Serial
Designation C89-31T, of the American Society for —
Testing Materials, except that aggregates failing in |
the accelerated soundness test may be used if they
pass a freeing and thawing test satisfactory to the
_ District Engineer.
Coarse aggregates shall have a French «oefficient
of wear of not less than ten (10) when tested in
accordance with the Standard Method of Test for
Abrasion of Rock, Serial Designation D2-26, of the
American Society for Testing Materials.
64 Siz Companies of Californig vs.
Ooarse aggregate shall be batched in two sepa-
rate sizes, herein derignated as No. 4 to 1% inch
coarse aggregate, and 1% to 21% inch coarse aggre-
No. 4 to 1% in. coarse aggregate shall be well
graded within the specified limits; and shall conform
to the following requirements: |
Passing a sieve having 11% irfsq.
openings 95 to 100%
Passing a sieve having 34 in. sq.
openings 60 to 75%
Passing a No. 4 sieve Oto 5%
The 1% to 2% in. coarse aggregate shall con-
form to the following requirements:
Passing a sieve having 3 in. sq.
openings 100%
Passing, a sieve having 2% in. sq.
openings 95 to 100%
Passing a sieve having 2 in. sq.
openings 75 lo 95%
Passing a sieve having 114 in. sq.
openings 20 to 40%
Passing a sieve having 3% in. sq.
openings 0 to 10%
Passing a No. 4 sieve 0to 5%
For each coarse aggregate the grading shall be
reasonably constant, and the fineness modulus as
expressed by 1/100 of the sum of the cumulative
percentages coarser than each of the sieves in the
J oint Highway District No. 13 65
standard sieve analysis, except the 1-inch and 2-inch
sieves, shall not vary from that for the approved
representative sample submitted at the beginning
of the work by more than + 00, except by special
permission of the Engineer.
In case the concrete is not of workable ss eracter,
or when finished does not exhibit a proper surface
due to the presence of an excess of particles ap-
proximately one-eighth inch (14”) to one-half inch
(34”) in size, either a fine aggregate having a suffi-
ciently greater percentage of fine material or a
No. 4 to 11% inch coarse aggregate having a suffi-
ciently smaller percentage of fine material vhall be
used, as directed by the Engineer.
Coarse aggregate used in Class A Concrete shall
consist of No. 4 to 144 inch coarse aggregate only.
Coarse aggregate used in Class B concrete shall be.
@ mixture of No. 4 to 1% inch and 1% to 2% inch
coarse aggregates, in proportions as directed by the
Engineer, and batched separately.
ll. Combined Aggregate.—The combined aggre-
gates including the fine aggregate shall be so graded
as to obtain, in the judgment of the Engineer, con-
crete of maximum density and strength with suit-
able workability and without the use of an excessive
amount of cement. In general, it is: expected that
the percentage composition by weight will be within
the limits in the following tabulation: —
66 Siz Companies of California vs.
Percentage
Oto2%in. OtolYin.
* Combined Aggregate Grading Aggregate Aggregate
Passing a 3-in. square opening.___100
Passing a 214-in. square opening. 97 to 100
Passing a 2-in. square opening... 92to 99 100
Passing a 114.-in square opening. 80to 90 97 to 100
Passing a 34-in. square opening... 62 to 75 70to 80
Passing a No. 4 sieve. 29to 39 35to 45
Passing a No. 8 sieve. 2lto 30 26to 35
Passing a No. 16 sieve. 16to 24 19to 27
Passing a No. 30 sieve- Tto 13 Sto 15
Passing a No. 50 sieve. 2to 5 2to 6
Passing a No. 100 sieve... Oto 3 Oto 4
12. Storing Aggregates.— Bins and stockpiles
shall be so arranged that the various classes of
aggregates will be kept completely separate until
batched. Aggregates shall be stockpiled or handled
in such manner as to avoid separation of the coarser
and finer particles.
Care shall be taken that foreign matter caused by
passing traffic or by other means does not become
mixed with the aggregates. When necessary, roads
and detours adjacent to the piles of aggregate shall
be kept moist at the expense of the Contractor in
order to -keep dust from coating the aggregates.
Each of the various aggregates shall have a rea-
sonably uniform and stable moisture content when
baiched and placed in the mixer. The isture
content of fine aggregate shall not exceed eight per
cent (8%) by weight when batched. -
At least one bundred and fifty (150) cubic yards
of fine aggregate, two hundred and fifty (250) cubic
Joint Highway District No. 13 @
yards of No, 4 to 1% inch coarse aggregate, and
one hundred (100) cubic yards of 14% to 2% inch
coarse aggregate shall be stored at the work before
beginning each day’s concreting.
MEASURING MATERIALS
13. Description.—The several ingredients of con-
erete, including water, sha]! be measured separately
before being mixed. Uniform proportions of mate-
rials in each batch will be positively required with
a tolerance of one per cent (1%) for cement and
two per cent (2%) for aggregates. All measuring
devices shall be furnished by the Contractor, and
shall be capable of ready adjustment for changing
the concrete mix proportions.
Cement shall be measured by weight, except that
cement furnished in sacks as herein specified and
measured in even multiples of one sack will be con-
sidered as weighing ninety-four pounds oe Ibs.)
per sack without further weighing.
Water shall be measured hy a water-measuring
device satisfactory to and controlled by the Engi-
neer, capable of being locked at any fixed setting
and so constructed that the water can be discharged
only while the mixer is being charged.
Fine and coarse aggregates shall be measured by
weight, except for smali isolated structures when,
by the special permission of the Engineer, they
may be measured by volume, as the Contractor may
68 Six Companies of California vs.
When cement or aggregates are measured by
weight, the.scales shall be consistently accurate, and
shall be sealed at the expense of the Contractor as
frequently as the Engineer may deem necessary to
insure their accuracy. The apparatus for indicating .
weight shall be readily visible for inspection at all
times.
When @e or coarse aggregate is measured by
volume, the Contractor shall provide measuring
batchers such that the amount of aggregate meas-
ured thereby may be readily checked by the Engi-
neer at any time.
MIXING
* 14. Description.—All concrete shall be mixed in
@ batch mixer of approved type and capacity which
will insure a uniform distribution of the materials
throughout the mass so that the mixture will be
homcegeneous and uniform in color. The mixer shall
be equipped with a suitable charging hopper, water
storage and water measuring devices and with a
device for automatically locking the discharge lever
until the batch has been mixed the required time.
The mixer shall be cleaned at frequent intervals
when in use. : ay
The capacity of the concrete mixer shall be suffi-
cient to provide a uniform operation in the mixing
and placing of the concrete, consistent with the re-
quired. progress of the work, the magnitude of units
required to be completed in a continuous operation
or placement, and the physical features of the con-
Joint Highway District No. 13 69
erete section being placed. The volume of the mixed
material per batch shall not exceed the manufac-
turer’s rated capacity of the mixer.
The mixing of each batch shall continue not less
than one (1) minute for a mixer of one cubic yard
orjless capacity, and not less than one and one-half
(1144) minutes for a mixer of capacity greater than
one cubic yard, after all materials are in the mixer .
and before ahy part of the batch is’ released from
the mixer. The rate of rotation of the mixer drum
shall be such as to insure thorough mixing in the
time specified. The entire contents of the mixer
shall be discharged before recharging.
Remixing or retempering of concrete, grout or
mortar which has appreciably set or hardened shall
not be permitted, and such pgrtially hardened ma-
terial shall be removed from the work.
No concrete shall be mixed while the air temper-
ature is below thirty-six degrees (36°) F. unless
adequate means, approved by the District Engineer,
are employed to heat the aggregates and water, and
unless satisfactory provision is made and carried
. out for protecting the work. The use of any salt
or chemical to prevent freezing will not be per-
mitted.
: Placing
15. Description.—Concrete shall be transported
from the mixer to the forms and placed in the forms
as specified in Section 15, ‘‘Conerete Structures.’’
70 Stz Companies of California vs.
Damaged or Defective Concrete }
16. Description——Concrete or concrete materials
not complying with these specifications in all re-
spects shall be removed from the site of the work
without additional compensation therefor.
Concrete damaged by freezing, or from any other
cause, or any concrete which shall be found defec-
tive in quality or workmanship at any time before
the completion and acceptance of the work, shall be
removed and replz with acceptable concrete by
the Contractor #t his expense, and as directed by
the Engineer.
Payment
17. Deseription.—Portland cement concrete will
be measured and paid for as provided under the
various items of work in which it is used.
SECTION 14. REINFORCING STEEL
1. Material—Reinforcing steel shall conform in
physical and chemical composition and in method
of manufacture to the requirements of the Amer-
ican Society for Testing Materials, Standard Speci-
fications for Billet Stecl Concrete Reinforcement
Bars, Structural Steel Grade (Serial Designation
A 15-30).
All reinforcing steel shall be branded with the
maker’s brand and the Contractor shal] furnish in
writing a statement giving the maker’s name and
the distinctive brand used for identification.
2. Description——Reinforcing steel shall be of
open hearth method of manufacture, structural steel
Joint Highway District No. 13 7i
grade and rolled from new billet stock, and showing
no mill seale or rust.
All bars shall be of deformed or corrugated type
and shall have the following net sections:
One-quarter inch (%”) round net |
section 0.05 sq. in.
Three-eighth inch (%”) round net
section 0.11 sq. in.
One-half inch (14”) round net sec-
* tion 0.20 sq. in.
One-half inch (%”) square net sec-
tion 0.25 sq. in.
Five-eighths inch (5%”) round net
section 0.31 sq. in.
Three-quarters inch (%”) round net “*
section . 0.44 sq. in.
Seven-eighths inch (%”) round net
section 0.60 sq. in.
One inch (1”) round net section._.0.79 sq. in.
Gne inch (1”) square net section.1.00 sq. in.
One and ene-eighth inch (1%”)
square net section 1.27 sq. in.
One and one-quarter inch (1%”) |
square net section 1.56 sq. in.
3. Sampling.—Reirifercing steel will be sampled
by the Engineer at the source of supply if within
the State of California, and the Contractor shall
notify the Engineer in sufficient time before ship-
ment is made to permit sampling and testing. If
ll ay eller yy ee 8
ee
f
72 Siz Companies of California vs.
sampling will be done at the point of distribution
within the State. Steel submitted for sampling at
mill, warehouse, or upon the work shall be identi-
fied by heat or mill number and accompanied by
mill analysis and test reports. All test,samples shall
be furnished by the Contractor without cost to the
District. Facilities must be provided for the Engi-
neer, both on the work and at the source of supply,
for the sampling of all steel furnished or. to be
furnished.
_ 4, Cleaning.—Reinforcing steel shall be thor-
oughly cleaned of all scale, rust, mortar, oil, dirt,
or coatings of any character that will tend to de-
stroy or reduce the bond before being placed in the
forms. |
5. Steel Lists—Reinforcing steel lists showing
full details of cuts and bends shall be submitted in
triplicate by the Contractor, at his own expense,
to the Engineer for approval. Such approval shall
not be construed as relieving the Contractor of full
responsibility for the accuracy of details and lists.
6. Bending.—Reinforcing steel shall accurately
conform to the dimensions shown on the plans. The
radius of bends shall be not less than four times the
least dimension of the bar. All bends in field or
shop shall be cold bends, and in no case shall the
steel be heated for bending or straightening. Bars
with kitiks or unauthorized bends shall not be used.
7. Placing—Reinforcing bars shall be accurately
shaped, bent, assembled and placed in the forms or
position intended, as shown vn the plans or as other-
7
Joint Highway District No. 13 73
wise authorized. They shall be firmly and securely
held in position ® wiring at intersections with at
least two wraps of No. 16 gauge soft black an-
nealed wire; and by using concrete or metal chairs,
spacers, metal hangers, supporting wires and other
approved devices, furnished by and at the expense
\_ of the Contractor. Metal supports which extend to
the surface of the concrete and wooden supports
shal not be used. Placing bars on layers of fresh
concrete as the work progresses and adjusting bars
after concrete is poured will not be permitted,
All spliced bars shall lap over each other not less
than forty times the least dimension of the bar and
shall be securely wired together in at’ least, two
places, having five (5) wraps each of No. 16 gauge
soft black annealed wire. Where adjacent bars are
spliced, arrangement shall be made to break joints.
Full length bars shall be used wherever possible.
Splices in lower longitudinal bars in beams shall be
made gnly at the supports of the beams. Bent up
bars shall end as detailed on the plans and shall
have no splices. Splices of tensile reinforcement at
points of maximum stress shall be avoided.
Bars shall be accurately spaced as shown on the
plans. In no ease shall the clear distance between
parallel bars be less than two inches (2”). The clear
space between the face of the concrete an‘ the face
of stéel shall not be less than one and one-half
inches (114). ',
No concrete shall be deposited’ until the Engineer
and given permission to place concrete.
sb SS aa FS ODE Wg 2 ice See Sas Te Ss = ae f
74 Siz Companies of California vs.
All concrete placed in violation of this provision
will be rejected and must be removed at the Con-
tractor’s expense.
8. Measurement of Quantities. — Reinforsing
steel in place will be paid for by the pound except
where specifically provided elsewhere that compen-
sation for furnishing and placing reinforcing steel
shall be considered as included in the prices paid
for other items of work.
Weights of reinforcing steel shall be calculated
on the basis of the following unit weights:
Pounds per
lineal foot
One-quarter inch (%”) round. = 0.17
Three-eighths inch (%”) round... 0.38
One-half inch (%4") round 0.68
‘One-half iz. . (44”) square. 0.86
Five-eighths inch (%”) round.._._1.06
Three-quarters inch (%”) round... 1.52
Seven-eighths inch (%”) round... 2.07
One inch (1”) round 2.70
One inch (1”) square 3.44
One and one-eighth inch (%”) fi
square 4.35
One and one-quarter inch (1%”)
square 5.37
Only reinforcing steel in place, and covered with
final concrete will be paid for, and the poundage
will be calculated for Cea line lengths, no splices
»*
Joint Highway District No. 13 15
included, except where splices are specifically de-
tailed or called for on the plans.
No poundage will be allowed for clips, tie wires,
metal chairs, spacers, hangers, supporting wires or
other such devices.
y. Payment.—The price paid per pound for re-
inforcing steel in place shall include full compensa-
tion for furnishing, hauling, transporting, bending
and placing all reinforcing steel, furnishing all the
tie wire and supporting devices and doing all work
necessary or incidental to furnishing and placing
reinforcing steel as herein specified or as shown
on the plans.
No measurement will be made or separate pay-
ment allowed for ‘‘Reinforcing Ste@f’’ where such
steel is specifically included -as part of structures
or other units of work and paid for as such, as
otherwise provided herein.
SECTION 15. CONCRETE STRUCTURES
1. Deseription.—‘Concrete Structures’’ shall in-
clude concrete bridges, buildings, viaducts, head-
walls, retaining wall, foundations, footings, tunnel
linings, accessory structures or parts thereof, and
all work or structures in which either plain or re-
inforced concrete is used; and the specifications
herein contained shall apply, except as modified or
otherwise provided fur by specific provisions or de-
tails set forth for particular structures or work or
parts thereof in other parts of thess specifications.
Concrete structures shall be constructed to the
76 Sta Companies of California vs.
lines and grades given by the Engineer and in ac-
cordance with the Standard, typical or special de-
signs shown on the plans, including details which
may be furnished by the Engineer from time to time
during the progress of the construction.
All materials used in concrete structures shall
conform to the specifications herein contained for
such materials and te any special provisions or de- -
tails elsewhere herein provided for particular struc-
tures or work, or parts thereof. Concrete used in
concrete structures shall conform in all respects to
the specifications herein for ‘‘Portland Cement
Concrete.’’
Foundations
2. Description. —The elevations and shapes of
the bottoms of footings, as shdwn on the plans, shall
be considered as aprroximate only, and the Engi-
neer may order in writing such changés in dimen-
sions or elevations, or shapes of footings, as may be
necessary to secure a satisfactory foundation. It is
understood and agreed that the determination of the
nature, type and depth of footings can be made:only
as excavation progresses, and the earth or rock
structures are exposed, and the Engineer shall: have
full power and authority to make such changes or
alterations in the foundation details as he may:deem
necessary upon inspection of the excavation and the
materials excavated: The Contractor shall have no
elaim for extra payments other than the unit prices
bid for the various units of the work. =
Joint Highway District No. 13 17
The Contractor shall dig test pits before opening
up an excavation, or during the process of exca-
vating, if ordered in writing to so do by the Engi- ,
neer. Material excavated for such purposes shall be
“ paid for as “Structural Excavation’’ provided that
where such test pits hecome a part of the founda-
tion excavation the material so excavated will be
measured and paid for once only, and the Contractor
shall not be entitled to any separate or special pay-
ment for the separate handling or excavation of
such material.
3. Cofferdams and Caissons.—Where cofferdams,
eaissons, cribbing or other devices are necessary for
the proper construction of footings or foundations,
_ the Contractor shall construct the same of such
sizes, strength and materials as may be necessary to
provide proper clearances and perform the func-
tions for which they are constructed.
_ “The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for
his approval drawings showing the proposed meth-
ods and details of such construction, and shall not
proceed with such work until details and methods
satisfactory to the District Engineer have been fur-
nished; provided, however, that approval by the
District Engineer shall not relieve the Contractor
of his responsibility under this contract for the
successful construction of the work or for any loss
or damage pocapbbmdvengianautacescir ta
of construction. | ‘
‘No shorings will be permitted jin : ,
eaissons whieh will induce stress, shock, or’
78 Sia Companies of California vs.
in the permanent structure; cross-struts or bracing
below low water m. y be permitted to extend through
foundation concrete only upon written permission
of the District Engineer. Such timbers above low
water shali be removed, and all volumes displaced
by removed timbers shall be filled with concrete of
the same mix as the surrounding concrete.
Cofferdams and cribs with all sheeting and brac-
ing shall be removed to the level of the natural
ground adjacent thereto by the Contractor at his
own expense after the completion of the substruc-
ture. The removal shall be effected in such a man-
ner as not to disturb or mar the finished structure.
When conditions are encountered which, in the
opinion of the District Engineer, render it impos-
sible »» unwater the foundation before placing con-
crete, the Contractor shall deposit under water, by
means of a tremie or bottom dump bucket, a layer
of concre’ } of sufficient thickness to thoroughly seal
the cofferdam. This seal shall be aliowed to remain
in place not less than seven (7) days before un-
watering, so as to set sufficiently to withstand the
hydrostatic pressure.
After sufficient time has elapsed to insure proper
strength in the concrete, the footings shall be un-
watered and the remainder of the concrete ee
in the dry. a
4. Pumping—Pumping from any foundation
shall be performed in such a manner as to preclude
the possibility of any portion of the concrete ma-
terials being carried away. Pumping will not be
Joint Highway District No. 13 19
permitted during the placing of concrete, nor for a
period’ of twenty-four (24) hours thereafter, unless
it be done from a suitable sump separated by a tight
wall from the concrete being poured.
5. Inspection—No concrete shall be placed in
any excavation until the District Engineer shall
have approved the depth of the excavation and the
character of the foundation material.
6. Payment.—The price paid per cubie yard for
‘Structural Excavation’’ shall include full com-
pensation for all cribbing, shoring, bulkheading,
eaissons and cofferdam construction, sealing and un-
watering of foundations and any work incidental
thereto, including the removal of such cribbing,
shoring, bulkheading, caissons, cofferdam construc-
tion, and other accessory structures and any other
work, material, labor or equipment made necessary
for the proper excavation and preparation of .the
foundations and footings to construct the concrete
substructure.
Concrete placed to seal footings shall be measured
and paid for in the same manner as provided for
_ the concrete in the substructure.
i Forms and Falsework
7. Forms.—Forms shall be of dimensions and
to lines and grades as shown on the plans or as di-
rected by the District Engineer. The design of
forms shall be adapted to the structure and shall be
satisfactory to the District Engineer. Forms shall
be constructed and maintained smooth and tight and
80 Siz Companies of California vs.
é
shall be substantially built and securely tied and
braced to prevent any movement or deflection dur-
ing the placing of conerete. Forms for the tunnel
- lining shal! be of steel. Well matched lumber or
steel shall be used for forms for. ali other structures
or parts thereof.
Forms shall be of sufficient strength to carry the
dead weight of the concrete as a liquid without de-
flection, and, if any deflection occurs, it shall be
sufficient cause for the rejection of the work. In
general, wooden sheathing for all outside surfaces
above the permanent surface of the ground shall
be worked from one inch (1”) by eight inch (8”)
or one inch (1”) by six inch (6”) stock with edges
rabbetted to form a lap siding. The material shall
be S1S 2E Douglas Fir lumber, free from defects
that will result in unsatisfactory concrete structures.
Outside surfaces as herein intended shall include
the faces of wing walls and abutments above
ground slopes, the faces of piers extending beyond
the outside of outside girders cr arch rings, the out-
side surfaces,of outside girders and arch rings, the
surfaces of copings, parapets and curbs, and all
surfaces seen in side elevation. Except where other-
wise directed by the District Engineer, the rough
side of the lumber shall be applied against the con-
crete. eae :
All sharp edges shall be chamfered with one inch
(1”) by one inch (1) triangular fillets, unless other-
wise shown on the plans or directed by the District
Joint Highway District No. 13 81
Engineer. Curved surfaces where steel forms are
not used shall be formed of elementary strips not
over four inches (4”) wide and of well matched
lumber. On parapet forms the workmanship shall
be equivalent to first class pattern work. Where
necessary, in the opinion of the District Engineer,
to make a perfect mold, forms shall be oiled or
shall be painted if the District Engineer requires,
with one coat of white shellac before being used.
Forms shall be constructed so that portions, where
finishing is required, may be removed without dis-
turbing other portions. |
When ties extending through the concrete are
used to support or strengthen forms, they shall be
so constructed and so removed that no tie other than
metal will be left in the concrete, and that no metal
tie which extends within one inch (1”) of any con-
crete surface which will be exposed to view or to
weather shall be left in the concrete.
Forms shall be thoroughly wet or oiled inside and
outside immediately before concrete is to be placed,
and all excess water shall be drained away. All
dirt, chips, sawdust and other foreign matter shall
be removed before any concrete is deposited. Lum-
ber which has been previously used for forms shall
be thoroughly cleaned before again being used.
Complete forms shall not extend more than five
feet (5’) above concrete previously laid or being
laid except by permission of the District Engineer.
vicina esol ‘egemcaalaeaniitsacsstaesen docu
82 = Sia Companies of California vs.
be obtained te them to permit proper spading,
working and tamping of the concrete.
_ Forms and falsework supporting concrete beams,
slabs or other members subject to direct bending
stress, or forms or falsework supporting any loads
shall be left in place at least twenty-one (21) days
unless otherwise permitted by the District Engi-
neer. At time of low temperature of other adverse
conditions, the District Engineer may increase the
time before forms or falsework may be removed, if,
in his judgment, this seems necessary. Vertical or
side forms not supporting loads shall be left in place
from two (2) to five (5) days. Such forms shall be
so constructed that they may be removed without
distufbing load-resisting forms. No forms or false-
work shall be removed until the proposed removal
is approved by the District Engineer.
- 8.« Falsework.—The Contractor shall provide a
substantial system of falsework which will not de-
flect or sag during the process of placing concrete,
and which can be taken down and removed without
jar or vibration to the structure. Falsework shall
be supported on posts, piles, columns or footings
adequate to support safely the loads to be imposed
without deformation or settlement. Where wedges
are used to bring forms or falsework to exact posi-
tion and elevation, they shall be used in pairs to
insure uniform bearing. Laminated sections —
not be permitted.
Where danger exists during the construction
period from flood waters or overflows, footings and
Joint Highway District No. 13 83
posts shall be set deep enough in the ground to pre-
vent undermining and the Contractor shall assume
all risks as to safety, stiffness and adequacy of
falsework and supports used’on the work.
The Contractor shall furnish to the District Engi-
neer for approval, plans of staging and falsework
to be used on the work. The approval of the Dis-
trict Engineer shall not relieve the Contractor of
his full responsibility for the accuracy of dimen-
sions, details and strength of falsework, or of the
Safety of the structure during construction, . and
the Contractor shall be responsible for any injury
or damage arising from inadequate forms Or false-
work or from the premature removal of forms or
falsework.
9. Payment.—No separate charge or payment
shall be made for the construction and removal of
forms or falsework, but the price paid for Portland
Cement Concrete in the structure shall include full
compensation for the construction and removal of
forms and falsework, and for all work incidental
thereto.
Placing Cuncrete
10. Time and Rate of Placing—No concrete
shall be placed unless an authorized representative
of the Engineer is present, and the Contractor shall
give ample notice to the Engineer as to the time he
intends to start the placement. Where continuous
placement is called for by the specifications or plans,
the Contractor shall satisfy the Engineer that. all
8&4 , Sta Companies of California vs.
provisions for such placement is adequate and com-
plete before starting the work.
Parts of each structure which depend upon each
other for strength shall be cast at the same time.
Slabs, girders and floor beams shall be placed con-
tinuously as a single unit, without stopping the
work for more than thirty (30) minutes. Where
caps, girders or other projecting menibers are to be
placed against or over columns or walls, the con-
crete in the columns or walls shall have been per-
mitted to set at least one (1) hour before the super-
structure is placed, in order that the column or wall
concrete may have opportunity to settle in the
forms. .
Concrete for the tunnel lining shall be placed
continuously between any two (2) adjacent con-
struction joir 1, in lifts not more than six feet (6’)
deep, measured in a vertical direction. The topmost
lift, having a width not to exceed eight feet (8),
shall not be place until the adjoining concrete on
both sides has been in place for at least seven (7)
days, unless otherwise directed by the District
Engineer.
All concrete shall be used -while fresh and before
it has taken an initial set. Concrete shall not be
used after more than thirty (30) minutes have
elapsed from the time water was first brought into
contact with the cement.
11. Preparation of Forms and Surfaces.—-All
surfaces on or against which concrete is to be placed
Joint Highway District No. 13 35
shall be clean and free from debris. Immediately
before placing concrete on any horizontal surface,
except pavement subgrade or footings, the surface
shall be covered with a layer at least one-half inch
(14”) thick of plastic mortar consisting of one (1)
part of cement to two and one-half (24) parts of
sand by weight. The mortar shall be thoroughly
worked with brooms or otherwise into all irregu-
larities of surface, and concrete shall then be placed
upon the fresh mortar.
All concrete surfaces upon or against which con- |
crete is to be placed and to which new concrete is
to adhere, shall be roughened and wetted before
placing concrete or mortar upon or against them,
in a manner satisfactory to the District Engineer.
All laitance and all loose or defective surface mate-
rial shall be removed by thorough chipping, brush- —
ing, and washing with clean wate? or cleaning with
air under pressure, and no new concrete or mortar
shall be placed until all excess material and water
have been removed.
Water shall be removed from excavations before
concrete is deposited. Water suall be prevented
from entering any excavation while concrete is
being placed or while it is setting, and shall be con-
ducted away in such a manner that the concrete
shall be placed in the dry. All drainage and pump-
ing shall be at the expense of the Contractor. No
concrete shall be deposited in or under water except
with the written consent of the District Engineer
and approval hy him of the method to be used. «©
be
&6 Siz Companies of California vs.
12. Conveying, Placing and Compacting Con-
crete.—Concrete, when mixed, shall be immediately
conveyed to the forms and deposited without sep-
aration of its ingredients. The use of open chutes
to convey and deposit concrete will not be per-
mitted, except for distances of less than twenty feet
(20), and then only by special permission of the
District Engineer. When open chutes are used, they = §
must be of such cross-section and laid at such in-
clination that they will permit the flow of concrete
of the consistencies herein specified, without the use
of additional water to promote free flow. Only
methods of transporting and placing which will de-
liver concrete of specified consistency without sep-
aration of its ingredients will be permitted.
Concrete shall not be permitted to fall from a
height greater than six feet (6), except through an
enclosing pipe, in which case the height of fall shall
not exceed twelve feet (12’). An enclosing pipe may
be required by the District Engineer for placing
concrete in columns, walls and deep footings.
Concrete shall be uniformly distribnted during
the Process of depositing and in no case after de-
positing shall any portion be displaced in the forms
more than three feet (3) in a horizontal direction.
Care must be taken not to displace the reinforce-
ment, pipes, anchor bolts or other devices which are
to be embedded in the conerete. |
Concrete shall be deposited in uniform horizontal
layers, not deeper than twelve inches (12”), care
being taken to avoid inclined planes or inclined con-
Joint Highway District No. 13 87
struction joints. Construction joints must be built
with square ends and level tops, except as other-
wise directed by the District Engineer; in arch type
structures, joints shall be made at right angles to
the axis of the rib. Each layer shall either be-
placed before the previous layer shall have taken
its initial set, or, if the previous layer has taken its
initial set, the surface of the previous layer shall
be prepared as herein specified for the preparation
of hardened surfaces.
As the concrete is placed in the forms, it shall
be thoroughly compacted by means of internal vi-
bratory tampers of a type satisfactory to the Dis-
trict Engineer. The vibratory tamper shall be in-
serted directly into the concrete in the forms and
shall not be attached to either the inside or the
outside of the forms, nor shall it be attached to the
reinforcing steel in any manner. The vibratory
tamper shall have sufficient power to thoroughly
compact all concrete of the consistencies herein
specified.
The compaction shall be produced by inserting
the tamper into the-concrete directly for a period
sufficient to produce the specified compaction. This
insertion shall occur approximately every two and
one-half feet (214), or where necessary to produce
concrete of maximum density. Contirwous attention
shall be given to the working of concrete next to
the forms and around reinforcing steel and em-
ean ham a ae 5
88 Siz Companies of California vs.
produce a dense, homogeneous concrete mass, filling
all corners and angles of the forms, thoroughly em-
bedding the reinforcement and embedded fixtures,
eliminating rock pockets and bringing a slight ex-
‘cess of mortar to the exposed surfaces of concrete
during placement. The Contractor shall furnish
and use at least one (1) vibratory tamper for every
twenty-five (25) cubic yards of concrete placed per
hour, and shali keep spare units in reserve. All
concrete shall be completely compacted within fif-
teen (15) minutes after depositing the concrete in
the forms. The furnishing and use of vibratory
tampers shall be at the expense of the Contractor
and no extra payment shall be made therefor.
Conerete for pavements will not be required to
be compacted by the vibratory process above speci-
fied for all other concrete, but shall be compacted
and the surface finished as specified in Sectior 15,
‘Portland Cement Concrete Pavement.’’ Concrete
for sidewalks, curbs and gutters will not be re-
quired to be compacted by the vibratory process
above specified for all other concrete, but may be
compacted by tamping as specified in sections 18
and 19.
In placing and compacting concrete, the Con-
tractor shall use every means to secure a dense, im-
pervious, homogeneous concrete, free from voids or
pockets. The Contractor shall furnish, in addition
to other concrete workers and vibratory tamper
operators, sufficient laborers, acting under the di-
rection of a foreman, whose sole duties during the
vy
Joint Highway District No. 13 89
placing of concrete shall be the working, agitating
and compacting of the deposited concrete with suit-
able tools cf an approved type. Portions next to
forms shall be cut in with spades or wedge-shaped
tampers to secure a smooth external surface.
13. Construction Joints. — Construction joints
necessitated by the temporary or diurnal cessation
of placiag concrete shall be located and constructed
to the satisfaction of the District Engineer so that
weakness in the finished structure will not result.
Joints shall be keyed where required by the Dis-
trict Engineer. Where keys are required bythe
District Engineer, they shall be of sufficient area to
transmit all shear on the section; in no case sball
the area of keys be less than twenty-five per cent
(25%) of the cross-sectional area of the section.
Keys shall be formed by beveled strips or boards at
right angles to the direction of shear and shall be
at least one and one-half inches (114") in depth.
Before “placing new concrete at construction
joints, the hardened surface against which concrete
is to be placed shall be prepared as herein speci-
hy and Sento shalt ieee planed: age
as herein specified.
’ Protection and Curing
14, Description.—All fresh conerete shall be
carefully protected from the weather and from di-
rect sunlight. Except as otherwise specified herein
or permitted by the District Engineer, all concrete
shall be cured by keeping the surface continuously
et
nd com rege $43°% LL eee
; : Stk
90 ‘Siz Companies of California vs.
moist for at least twelve (12) days after placing.
Floor slabs and roadway slabs shall be kept moist
by means of damp burlap. Forms for all other con-
ergte shall be kept wet for at least twenty-four (24)
hours after placing concrete, and, when. forms are
removed, the concrete shall ~ae kept~sprinkled or
kept protected by damp burlap hangings, except
during the actual finishing of the surface, until the ~
concrete is at least twelve (12) days old.
Except where otherwise directed, the surface of
the concrete in the tunnel lining shall be protected
by means of a waterproof coating satisfactory to
the District Engineer. The coating shall consist of
un approved asphaltic emulsion which will harden
readily and quickly after it has been applied to the
concrete surface...Such coating shall. be applied
immediately upon removal) of forms, under pres-
sure by means of a spray nozzle or atomizer in such
a manner as to cover the entire surface with a uni-
peeOehanepe chee eaitt Sasiarnaiatiuasteniodtd
The Contractor shall: pastottadll: seas pve
injury. until it is thoroughly set, and all cencrete
surfaces from injury at all times, Working or walk-
ing on concrete shall not be permitted for at least
twenty-four er hours ant it pak ‘beam midapeiind
Joint Highway District No. 13 91
removed as soon as practicable, but not sooner than
forty-eight '(48) hours after concrete is poured.
The District Engineer shall be the sole judge aste t
which parts of the forms onan supporting ;
members. *
RecntRb ly “atten: 100s Chen Marve Weta veal :
the Contractor shall remove all form bolts and ties
to a depth of at least one inch (1”) below. the sur- :
face of the concrete. The holes shall then be care- §
fully cleaned out and filled with a mortar containing
one (1) part cement to two (2) parts of sand, and
the surface shall be rubbed smooth. Care shall be.
taken to obtain: a perfect bond with the concrete
and to obtain the same color in the mortar as in the
surrounding concrete.
Voids, air holes or rock othe shall not. be
pointed up until inspected by the District Engineer.
If, in his judgment, rock pockets or holes are of
such an extent and character as to materially affect
the strength of the concrete, or endanger ‘the life
i a Sec RES sian aetiaaag. grag
Aenean pect beget nliele caine aba
bers, if such members act with the member or part
the defective concrete. ‘The whole shall
then ‘be recast with first wae ngracemnneatgesiciged
rete at ‘the expense of the Contractor. - rf)
thant, ate Vili! boctntle giochi ephieaevet
‘an extent or character,:in the opinion of the Dis- :
trict’ Engineer, to endanger the strength or life of
the structure, they shall be cleaned out and the
Sa
92 Six Companies of California vs.
space refilled with concrete or cement mortar, held,
in place by forms, if necessary. ‘The District Engi-
neer may require that rock pockets be pressure
grouted in the manner specified herein. All pockets
containing voids shall be entirely removed until
solid concrete is reached. The edges of the concrete
shall be cut away square and true, and the old con-
crete saturated with water before refilling with the
mortar.
All fins caused by form joints, and other projec-
tions, shall be removed.
All repairs and patches shall be rubbed down
until smooth and flush with adjacent surfaces. Care
shall be taken to obtain perfect bond and to obtain
the same color in the patches as in the surrounding
concrete.
After the completion of the above patching ina
manner satisfactory te the District Engineer, all
surfaces, except those poured against earth and sur-
faces such as pavement, sidewalk and others for
which special surfacing methods are specified, shall
be finished as follows: The entire surface shall be
and all unsightly blemishes and irregularities re -
moved. If a mechanical finisher ts used, a period
of not less than four (4) days shall elapse between
the pouring of the concrete and the start of the
finishing: The. operation shall -be performed and
‘continued until’ smooth even surface of uniform
ga a shee
: EF
;
/the District Engineer. The surface shall then be
\washed with water to remove stains and loose
| particles.
Roadway surfaces, curbs ne sidewalk shall be
finished in accordance with specifications herein
contained in, Section 16 ‘‘Portland Cement Con-
erete Pavement,’’ Section 18 ‘‘Conerete Curbs and
Gutters’’ and Section 19 ‘‘Cement Sidewalks,’’ re-
spectively, except that lampblack or other color ad-
mixtures shall not be used unless directed by the
District Engineer. ~~ -
» Where special finishes are elsewhere provided, or
ealled for; such finishes shall be applied only after
all patching and rubbing down as herein set forth
has been completed to the satisfaction of the Dis-
triet Engineer.
16. Grouting.—Where deemed necessary by the
District Engineer, the seams and cavities in rock
adjacent to the tunnel lining shall be grouted by
a pressure method, satisfactory to the District Engi-
neer. Grout holes shall be drilled to the depth di-
pected by the District Engineer, and shall be not
ok ; <S> S$meeh
Joint Highway. District No. 13 ee
94 ad Sta Companies of California vs.
under pressure. Each grout hole and grout con- —
nection shall have forced into it under a pressure |
as directed by the District Engineer, but not ex-
ceeding one hundred and fifty (150) pounds per
square inch, a grout composed of cement and water,
cr cement, sand and water, in proportions deter-
mined by the District Engineer. Sand for pressure
grouting shall meet all requirements for concrete
sand speciiied herein except as to grading, which
shall Le as follows:
One hundred per cent (100%) shall pass a
No. 8 sieve, and twenty per cent (20%) to
inirty-five per cent Gh) shall pass a No. 50
sieve. ta
Cement for pressure grouting shall conform to -
the requirements herein specified for Portland
Cement.
The apparatus for mixing and placing grout
shall be of a pumping type approved by the District
Engineer and capable of effectively and continu-
ously mixing and stirring the grout and forcing it
into the holes at any desired pressure up to one
hundred and fifty (150) pounds per square inch.
Grouting shall not be stopped in any hole until di-
rected by the District, Engineer. After the grouting
of the hole is finished, the pressure shall be main-
‘tained by means of a stop-cock or other suitable
device until the grout has set sufficiently so that it
~ ‘Tf ground is supported by steel ribs and liners,
spaces behind the steel shall be grouted prior to
Joint Hignway District No. 13 95
placing the tunnel lining. Grout as herein specified
for grouting rock shall be forced into the space
behind the steel, as directed by the District Engi-
neer, under pressure not exceeding twenty-five (25)
pounds per square inch.
Any unfilled space above the crown of the tunnel
which remains after concrete is placed, or any
space behind the tunnel lining which cannot be
filled with concrete as intended shall be grouted by
a pressure method satisfactory to the District Engi-
neer, and such grouting shall be done at such times
after placing concrete as the District Engineer may
direct. Grout and grout materials, and methods of
mixing and placing, shall be as herein specified for
grouting rock.
For the purpose of introducing grout through
the arch, a grout pipe system consisting of one inch
(1”) risers at intervals of approximately ten feet
(10°) shall be installed prior to the time the con-
crete is placed. The upper end of such risers shall -
be wrapped with burlap and wire in such a manner
that concrete will not enter the risers during place-
ment, but. that grout will be forced from the riser
into the space above the arch when pressure is ap-
plied, After grouting is completed, and the grout
= : . Ste Ti ae ee > 5 50 br ie = .
ewe Fork iets: Pe Ree SOREN dest os See tC ears
SPN A ee RNS STR ETT SO Ae aT Tet te Be? Oe
PPT. IST AIS SESE, PO ad RR Sones teed ecycks fab Vecbea eae SS ACE OES,
96 Six Companies of California vs.
Full compensation for grouting shall be consid-
ered as included in ‘the price “paid for “Tunnd §
Construction”’ as specified in Section 32 ‘hereof, and .
no additional allowance will be made therefor. /
Contraction Joints
17. Description.— Expansion and _ contraction
joints are to be constructed as shown onthe plans
or determined by the District Engineer. Joints to @
be filled with asphalt shall be carefully cleaned out §
and filled with asphalt having a penetration of from
one hundred and seventy-five (175) to two hundred
and twenty-five (225). Full compensation for con-
structing and filling expansion and contraction
joints, as herein specified, shall be considered as in-
cluded in the prices paid per cubic yard for con-
crete in structures, and no additional allowance will
be made therefor,
Drains and Weep Holes
18. Description.—Drains back of and weep holes
through walls and tunnel lining shall be provided
as shown on the plans or as directed by the District
Engineer. “Drains shall be constructed in accord-
ance with specifications in Section 23, ““Under-
drains,” except as otherwise shown on the plans or
directed by the District Engineer.
For all walls, the price paid per cubic yard of
concrete in place shafl include full compensation for
the furnishing and placing of all weep holes and
drains as above specified. ne See
ws
Joint Highway District No. 13 97
paid per lineal foot for ‘‘Tunnel Construction,”’
Section 32 shall include full compensation for the
furnishing and placing of all weep holes and drains
as above specified.
Lighting Conduit
19, Description—Conduit for lighting equip-
ment shall be galvanized or sherardized both inside
and outside and shall be.of the size called for on the
plans, At expansion joints, where the conduit passes
through diaphrams or brackets, a zine sleeve shall
be placed about the conduit and oiled or otherwise
treated to prevent adhesion to the concrete. The
length of conduit between junction boxes shall ~ot
exceed seventy feet (70’) ; wooden plugs shall he in-
serted in all open ends of conduits to prevent plug-
ging.
Full compensation for furnishing and placing con- =
duits with. all necessary fittings and incidental work
connected therewith shall be considered. as included
in the prices paid for other item§ of work and no
additional allowance will be made Badan
20. “Desegen, Seda care shall be taken to
construct parapets true to line and ‘grade.
- /
a '
98 * Siz Companies of California vs.
© / forms shall be oiled or painted with a coat of white
shellac as the District Engineer may direct. Per-
ceptible-breaks in the lines or parapets will be sufti-
cient causc for removal and rebuilding at the Con-
tractor’s expense.
21. Payment.—<Actual concrete in the finished
structure, as shown on the plans, with such modifi-
eations as the District Engineer has directed in
writing, will be paid for. ' ¥
The price paid per cubic yard for “Concrete
Structures’’ shall include full compensation for fur-
nishing, placing and removing forms and falsework,
furnishing, placing, finishing and curing concrete,
furnishing and placing expansion details, and all
work necessary or incidental thereto. No allowance
will be made for cofferdams, pumps, labor, or other
items which may be necessary on account of water.
Tunnel lining will be paid for as hereinafter
provided, and no other payment for separate units .
thereof will be made. | /
Reinforcing Steel will be paid for as provided
under Section 14, “Reinforcing Steel.” '
No measurement will be made or separate pay-
ment allowed. for ““Conerete Structures”? where such
conerete is. specifically included as part of strue-
Sarge of, ees roe. ret aid ped Fa, 94 ak
as. otherwise perrides, Pea
SECTION at PI
Pavement shall be constructed at locations and of —
220 NDOT RP MOON.
?
~>
Joint Highway District x 0. 13 99
widths shown on the plans, and as directed by the
District Engineer. “The pavement shall consist of
two (2) courses, namely, a waterbound base course
consisting of rock and screenings, compacted by
rolling and watering and of a depth not less than
six inches (6”) after final compacting, and a pene-
tration oil macadam top course two inches (2”) in
thickness after compacting, consisting of rock and
screenings compacted by rolling and bound and
sealed by applications of hot road oil or cold emul-
sified road oil, as hereinafter specified. ~
2. Waterbound Base Course: (a) Materials.—-
The broken stone for the waterbound base course
shall be crushed from sound ledge rock or. boulders,
of such character that it will compact and_thor-
oughly lock under watering and rolling so as to
make a stable, well keyed base. The rock shall be
free from. clay, loam, adobe, vegetable matter or
other“deleterious material. It shall have a coefficient
of wear of not less than eight (8) when tested in the
manner hereinafter sét. forth for ‘“‘ Abrasion Test of
_ Rock.” It shall be of such size that it will all pass
a sereen having circular openings three inches (3”)
in diameter and at least ninety-five per cent (95%) |
will pass a screen having circular openings two and
one-half inches (214”) in diameter; not. more.than
seventy. per cent (70%) will pass a screen having
cireular openings two inches (2”) in diaméter and
at least ninety-five per cent, (95%) will be retained
on a screen having eens oetea e
quarter inches. (1%”). in diameter. . iesivigace
ne ih te a an
100 Siz Companies of California vs.
Screenings shall be that portion of the crusher
run, including stone dust, which passes a screen
having circular openings three-quarters inch (%4”)
in diameter. Screenings shall be obtained from
rock of the same qualities as hereinabove specified
for broken stone.
(b) Constructing Base;—The bikes stone shall
be placed upon a subgrade prepared as hereinbefore
specified, and between side forms or headerboards
set to line and grade for the edges of the finished
pavement. If curbs and gutters are to be placed
they shall be constructed prior té the placing of the
rock, and headerboards: shall be omitted.
~The broken stone shall be placed. in two courses,
each course not to exceed four. inchiés (4”) in thick-
ness, measured tiefore rolling. Work on each course
shall be handled in a similar manner.
The broken stone shall be spread in a Jayer of
‘wnifoilin thickness, using either spreading boxes,
self-spreading vehicles, or by spreading from the
vehicle by hand. Dumping in piles: upon the sub-
grade will not be permitted. The course shall be
rolled with a self-propelled roller weighing at least
three hundred (300) pounds to the linear inch width
of tread, and rolling shall be done at the sides of —
the roadway first, gradually working toward the
broken stone thoroughly locked and keyed. Screen-
ings ‘shall'then be spread in’ thin’ layers and:each —
layer rolled dry untii no more screenings ‘can’ be —
forced into the voids. The surface ‘shall then. be’
Joint Highway District No, 18 101
inkled until the stone is thoroughly wet but not
iftently to saturate the subgrade, and again
led. Excess sereenings shall be scattered by light
eping, additional screenings shall be added as
| where voids develop, rolling and sweeping shall
continued until the: entire surface is completely
<i and the course is firm and unyielding. The
face shall be swept to remove all surplus screen-
s to slightly below the surface‘ of the compacted
k, |
‘he succeeding eourse shall be constructed in the
ntical manner and the finished water-bound base
rse shall be firm and hard, and true to grade and
tion. If the surface varies at anyplace more
n one-quarter inch (%”) from the lower edge of
mn foot (10) straight-edge it shall-again be trued
and rerolled.. This process shall be repeated
il the surface conforms to the above test for
uracy,:
é Penetration Oil Manetuin Top. Course. —Using
it “Materiale-Rock and Stone.—The heoken,
ne for the penetration oil macadam top course
li be crushed from sound ledge rock or bouiuers,
| shall be: sound, hard, tough and have irregular
ivage. Ttstesllsbe of such a character that it will
siaytend Gasp teeity adetaseetaiin tatienion |
er deleterious material. It shall have a. coeffi-
xt Of wear of not less than ten (10) when tested
the manner hereinafter set forth for ‘Abrasion
is hee
“a eS a ee ee oe ee ee
102 Siz Companies of California vs.
Test of Rock.’? The large size rock shall be such
that all will pass.a screen having circular openings
two and one-half inches (2%4”) in diameter; not
more than seventy per cent (70%) shall pass a
sereen having circular openings two inches (2”) in
diameter and all shall be retained on a screen having
circular openings one and one-quarter inches (1%4”)
in diameter.
The intermediate size rock shall be of the- same
quality as the broken stone and shall be of such
size that at least ninety-five per cent (95%) will
pass a screen having circular openings one and one-
quarter inches (1%”) in diameter and at least
ninety-five. per cent (95%) will be retained on a
ee ee ee ee
(%”) in diameter.
Stone chips shall be crushed from broken stone of
the quality above described and shall be of such
size that all will pass a screen having circular open-
ings three-quarters inch (%”) in diameter and be
retained on a screen having circular openings’ one-
quarter inch (%4”) in diameter. Clean, hard, durable
ee ee
peeseiene’ sem of stone chips.
(b) Materials Road Oi!—The road ‘oil ‘shall be
made from an asphaltic base oil; it shall be either a
naturally homogeneous oil or a homogenrous -resi-
due from oil. Tt shall not have been dist.iled ‘at a
roe yrembns pn ge on at ace
to produce flecks of carbonaceous matter, and upon
f.
Joint Highway District No. 13 103
arrival at the work shall show no signs of separa-
tion into lighter and heavier components.
Oil must be delivered at the point required for
spraying at a temperature of not. less than three
hundred and fifty degrees (350°) F. nor more than
four hundred and thirty-five degrees. (435°) F.
In determining the quantity of oil delivered the
eorrection for expansion by heat shall be made as
follows: From the measured volume of oil received
at any temperature above sixty degrees (60°) F, an
amount equivalent to four-tenths (4/10) of one per
cent (1%) for every ten degrees (10°) above said
sixty. degrees (60°) F. shall be subtracted.as
the correction for expansion by heat. For the pur-
pose of measuring the oil a temperature of sixty
degrees (60°) F. shall be deemed normal tem-
perature.
The .oil’ shall conform to the following tests:
~ 1. Penetration—The oil shall contain a mini-
mum of ninety-four per cent (94%) of asphaltic
residue of eighty (80) penetration ved D 243-26T
A.S.T.M.).
2. Flash Point-—The flash point by the Cleve-
land Open Cup method shall be not less than four
hundred‘ ‘twenty-five degrees (435) F, (Test, D 92 -
48.T.M.). . Bek pany
3. Nicletibiliin<i‘Tie.toee-ape-hedhi@enal: Gaus
hundred and twenty-five degrees (325°) F. for five
The residue at seventy-seven degrees (77°) F. shall
have a penetration of not less than sixty (60); (Test
D4 AS.T.M.). :
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104 Siz Companies of California vs.
‘4. Solubility—The bitumen shall be not less
than ninety-nine per cent (99%) soluble in carbon
bisulphide (Test D4 A.8.T.M.). The solubility in
carbon tetrachloride shall be not. less than ninety-
nine and five-tenth per cent (99.5%) of the amount
soluble in carbon bisulphide (Test D-165 A.S.T.M.).
3. The oil shall contain not more than five-tenths
per cent (0.5%) of water nor more than one per
cent (1%) of sediment (Tests D-95 and D-96
A.S.T.M.).
(c) Constructing ‘Pavement.—Upon the water-
béund base course, thoroughly cleaned, broomed and
dry, shall be laid a layer of the broken stone of the
large size to a uniform depth sufficient so that when
the intermediate rock and rock chips have been
added and the whole compacted, the finished surface
will be true to grade and cross-section. The broken
stone shall be placed by means of spreading boxes
or other devices, approved by the District Engineer. _
It shall then be thoroughly rolled until it -is firm,
uniform, to the required cross-section, and the stone
interlocked and thoroughly keyed.
The hot oil shall then be applied uniformly over
the surface at the rate of seven-eighths (%)- gallon
per square yard of street sutface covered. The ‘oil
shall be applied under a pressure of at least, thirty
(30) pounds per square-inch. Suitable applianies
shall be used Which shall be capable of spraying the
pavernent in strips at least eight feet (8’) wide; and
shall, in addition to having the necessary nozzles:
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Joint Highway District No. 13 105
and attached spraying nozzle for the purpose of
spraying portions of the pavement inaccessible to
Immediately after applying the oil a layer of in-
termediate size rock shall be spread over the sur-
face in sufficient quantity to permit rolling without
adhesion of the oil to the roller. The surface shall
then be immediately rolled, broomed, and all lumps
broken up and distributed. The rolling shall con-
—tinue with the application of stone chips and broom-
ing, as required, until the surface is thoroughly
compacted and bonded, true toe section’ and grade.
The hot oil shall then be uniformly applied over
the surface at the rate of three-eighths (%) gallon
to the square yard of street surface covered, then
covered with stone chips and rolled, with stone chips
added as necessary until the surface is uniform and
firm. nee |
__. Rolling-shall-be done with a self-propelled roller,
weighing ,at least three hundred (300) posniia:te
the linear inch width of tread.
_All rolling shall progress fromthe sides of the
roadway gradually toward the center. |
All oiling shall be done while the atmospheric
temperature is above sixty-five degrees (65°) F. or
when the sun is shining. No oiling will be permitted
when: the: layer’ of Seokon stone op-the: tenes
are wet.
Binnd’ dhips and: intermediate. sine: rock shall be
spread by mechanical spreaders, or shall be depos-
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106 Siz Companies of California vs.
ited along the sides of the street in piles, and dis-
tributed and placed from there with shovels. Stone
chips and rock shall not be dumped on the top
course in piles.
No traffic shall be permitted upon the roadway
between the time of spreading the broken stone and
the time of completion of the last oiling and rolling,
excepting the oil spraying appliance during its
operation. —
4. Penetration Oil Macadam, Top Genta
Using Emulsified Road Oil:
(a) Materials—Rock and Stone.—The broken
stone for the top course shall be crushed from sound
ledge rock or boulders, and shall be sound, hard,
tough and have irregular cleavage. It shall be of
such a character that it will thoroughly compact
and lock when rolled. It shall be free from clay,
loam, adobe, vegetable matter or other deleterious
material. It shall have a coefficient of wear of not
less than ten (10) when tested in the manner here-
inafter set forth for “‘Abrasion Test of Rock.’ It
shall be of such size that all will pass a screen
having circular openings two and one-half inches
(214”) in diameter; not more than seventy per i¢gent
(70%) shall pass a screen having circular openings
two inches (2”) in diameter, and all shal)-be re-
tained on a screen having circular openings one\and
one-quarter inches (1%”) in diameter. a
. Sereenings used for key rock shall be of the same
quality as broken stone and shall be of such. size
that not less than ninety per cent (90%) will pass
Joint Highway District No. 13 107
a screen having circular openings one inch (1”) in
diameter; not more than seventy-five per cent
(75%). will pass a screen having circular openings
three-quarters inch (%”) in diameter and not more
than five per cent (5%) will pass a ten (10) mesh
sieve. «
Rock chips will be crushed from rock of the same
quality as the broken stone, or clean, hard, un-
crushed pea gravel may be used in place of
erushed rock. Rock chips shall be of such a size
that not less than ninety-five per cent (95%) will
pass a screen having circular openings three-eighths
inch (%”) in diameter, and not more than five per
eent (5%) will pass a ten (10) mesh sieve.
(b) Matevials— Emulsified Road Oil.— The -
Emulsified Road Oil shall consist of petroleum
asphalt, slightly alkaline water and an emulsifying
agent. It shall be uniformly emulsified and shall
break rapidly when applied to the rock. It shall be
of a consistency suitable for application through a
pressure distributor without heating, and, when
tested in accordance with the methods herein de-
ER oc ent is tee sah os
ments:
Speeifte Gravity 25° C. (1 F.)
Not less than 1.00
Viscosity, mayne tare 60 CC at 25° (77°_¥.)
* Not more than 45 seconds
. Loss at 163° ©, (325° F.) 32hre, 200 grame__ ve
Not more than 45%
Petroleum Asphalt_....._Not more than 55%
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108 8 8=— Six Companies of California vs.
Total amount of all alkali and saponifiable sub-
Not more than 1%
Settlement 10 days. Not more than 3%,
Free asphalt, retained on forty (40) mesh sieve
Not more than 0.05 of 1%
The petroleum asphalt contained in the emulsion
shall conform to the following requirements:
Percentage 80 penetration asphalt.95% to 98%
Solubility in carben‘ tetrachloride
Not less than 98.5%
Solubility ih carbon disulphide.
Not less than 99%
The methods of testing Emulsified Road Oil shall
be as follows:
Specific Gravity—A. 8. T. M. Standard D 70-27.
Viseosity—A. S. T. M. Standard D 88-30,
Loss at 163° C.—-A. 8. T. M, Stan
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