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Biotech Boxes: No-Action Letter dated March 19, 2002
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March 19, 2002
Ms. Janet L. Fisher, Esq.
Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton
One Liberty Plaza
New York, NY 10006-1470
Re: Biotech BOXES
File No. TP 02-33
Dear Ms. Fisher:
In your letter dated March14, 2002, as supplemented by conversations
with the staff, you request exemptions from Rules 10a-1 and 14e-5 under
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act"). You seek these
exemptions on behalf of Morgan Stanley Dean Witter & Co. ("MSDW"), the
American Stock Exchange LLC ("AMEX"), the Philadelphia Stock Exchange,
Inc. ("PHLX"), the Biotech Basket Opportunity Exchangeable Securities
series ("BOXES"), and other persons or entities engaging in market
transactions in BOXES on the AMEX and the PHLX. 1 We have attached a copy of your letter to avoid
reciting the facts that it presents. Unless otherwise noted, each defined
term in this letter has the same meaning as in your letter.
Response:
Rule 10a-1
Rule 3b-3 defines the term "short sale" and Rule 10a-1 governs short
sales generally. Rule 10a-1 covers transactions in any security registered
on a national securities exchange, and it prohibits short sales in these
securities unless such sales occur on a "plus tick" (i.e., at a price
above the price at which the immediately preceding sale was effected) or a
"zero-plus tick" (i.e., at the last sale price if it was higher than the
last different sale price). Rule 10a-1 is designed to prevent the market
price of a stock or other "reported security," as defined in paragraph
(a)(4) of Rule 11Aa3-1 under the Exchange Act, from being manipulated
downward by unrestricted short selling.
On the basis of your representations and the facts presented, we do not
believe that trading in BOXES would be susceptible to the abuses that Rule
10a-1 is designed to prevent. In particular we have relied upon your
representations that:
(1) BOXES are senior debt securities issued by MSDW exchangeable for
a cash amount based on the reported market prices of a portfolio of
common stocks replicating the seventeen component stocks of the AMEX
Biotechnology Index (the "Underlying Stocks"); 2
(2) the market price of the BOXES will rise or fall based almost
entirely on changes in the values of the Underlying Stocks;
(3) each Underlying Stock is actively traded within the meaning of
the exception for actively-traded securities set forth in Rule 101(c)(1)
of Regulation M;
(4) the BTK Index is an equal-dollar weighted index; and
(5) the initial weightings of each of the Underlying Stocks will
represent an equal percentage of the total value of the BTK Index, and
with each quarterly rebalancing of the BTK Index, the Underlying Stocks'
proportionate weightings will be adjusted as necessary to retain equal
concentrations of Underlying Stocks. 3
Accordingly, the Commission hereby grants an exemption from Rule 10a-1
to permit short sales of BOXES without regard to the "tick" requirements
of Rule 10a-1. We note that the exemption from Rule 10a-1 would not apply
to secondary market sales of the Underlying Stocks.
Rule 14e-5
Rule 14e-5 under the Exchange Act, among other things, prohibits any
covered person in connection with a tender offer for equity securities
from, directly or indirectly, purchasing or arranging to purchase any
subject or related securities (collectively, "Covered Securities") except
as part of the offer, from the time the offer is publicly announced until
its expiration. Rule 14e-5 explicitly includes dealer-managers of a tender
offer within the rule's definition of covered person. Accordingly, while
acting as dealer-manager of a tender offer for an Underlying Stock, a
dealer-manager is prohibited from purchasing or arranging to purchase that
Underlying Stock until the expiration of the offer.
You request an exemption from Rule 14e-5 to allow a dealer-manager and
its affiliates 4 (including a member or member organization of
the AMEX or the PHLX), to make purchases and arrangements to
purchase Covered Securities in the ordinary course of business and solely
to offset sales of the Pharmaceutical BOXES (including subsequent
issuances of BOXES) pursuant to bona fide hedging and
covering activities. On the basis of your representations and the facts
presented, purchases of Covered Securities in these circumstances would
not appear to result in the abuses which Rule 14e-5 is directed. In
particular, we are relying on your representations that:
(1) MSDW and its affiliates will maintain and enforce written
policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent the flow of
information to or from the persons engaged in the trading activities
involving Covered Securities that might result in a violation of the
federal securities laws and regulations with respect to the BOXES or the
Underlying Stocks;
(2) any trading activities with Covered Securities will be effected
in the ordinary course of business and not for the purpose of
facilitating any offer, including specifically that shares obtained by
MS&Co. and/or other affiliates of MSDW as a result of the trading
activities in Covered Securities will not be tendered into any offer;
(3) no purchases or arrangements to purchase any Covered Securities
as part of the trading activities will be made directly or indirectly on
behalf of the offeror;
(4) except as otherwise exempted by the Commission, MSDW and its
affiliates will comply with Rule 14e-5.
The Commission hereby grants an exemption from Rule 14e-5 to permit
MSDW and its affiliates (including a member or member organization of the
AMEX or the PHLX) acting as dealer-manager of a tender offer for an
Underlying Stock to purchase such Underlying Stock for bona
fide hedging and covering activities, as described in your letter.
You have not asked for relief from, and we have not addressed, the
requirements of Regulation M with regard to any distribution of BOXES. The
foregoing exemptions under Rules 10a-1 and 14e-5 are based solely on your
representations and the facts presented, and are strictly limited to the
application of these rules to the proposed transactions. In the event that
any material change occurs with respect to any of the facts or
representations you have made, such transactions should be discontinued,
pending our reconsideration. Furthermore, the exemptions from Rules 10a-1
and 14e-5 are subject to the condition that such transactions in BOXES,
any Underlying Stock, or any related securities, are not made for the
purpose of creating actual or apparent active trading in, or raising or
otherwise affecting the price of, such securities.
These exemptions are subject to modification or revocation if at any
time the Commission determines that such action is necessary or
appropriate in furtherance of the purposes of the Exchange Act. In
addition, persons relying on these exemptions are directed to the
anti-fraud and anti-manipulation provisions of the federal securities
laws, including Sections 9(a) and 10(b) of the Exchange Act, and Rule
10b-5 thereunder. Responsibility for compliance with these and any other
provisions of the federal and state securities laws rests with those
individuals relying on this exemption. The Division expresses no view with
respect to any other questions that the proposed transactions may raise,
including, but not limited to, the adequacy of disclosure concerning BOXES
and the applicability of other federal and state laws to the proposed
transactions.
For the Commission, by the
Division of Market Regulation,
pursuant to delegated authority,
James A. Brigagliano
Assistant Director
______________________
1
The Commission has previously approved the listing of BOXES on
the AMEX and the PHLX. See Securities and Exchange Act
Release No. 34-44621, July 30, 2001(AMEX) and Securities and
Exchange Act Release No. 34-45082, November 19, 2001 (PHLX).
2
This index is also known as the "BTK Index", and is referred to
as such in this letter. The relief granted herein is specifically
conditioned on the BTK Index containing at least fifteen or more
stocks.
3
Should the BTK Index change in size, the relief afforded herein
is still available so long as: a. there are no less than fifteen
(15) stocks in the BTK Index and in the BOXES' basket; b. the value
of the BOXES continue to mirror the weighted value of the Underlying
Stocks; and c. the BTK Index continues to operate as an equal-dollar
weighted index.
4
Including specifically MSDW's subsidiary Morgan, Stanley &
Co. Inc. ("MS&Co.") and its affiliates.
Incoming Letter
[Letterhead of Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton]
March 14, 2002
Confidential Treatment Requested by Morgan Stanley Dean Witter &
Co.
Mr. James A. Brigagliano
Assistant Director
Office of Risk
Management and Control
Division of Market Regulation
Mail Stop 10-1
Securities and Exchange Commission
450 Fifth Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Re: Request for Exemptive, Interpretive or No-Action Relief from Rules
10a-1 and 14e-5 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Dear Mr. Brigagliano:
Morgan Stanley Dean Witter & Co. ("Morgan Stanley Dean Witter"), by
its undersigned counsel, hereby requests relief from Rules 10a-1 and 14e-5
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange
Act"), in connection with market transactions in its Basket Opportunity
eXchangeablE Securities SM , or "BOXES SM " (the
"BOXES"), on behalf of itself, the Philadelphia Stock Exchange, Inc. (the
"Phlx"), The American Stock Exchange LLC (the "Amex") and persons or
entities engaging in market transactions in respect of a specified series
of BOXES as described below. 1 The relief requested by this letter is substantially
similar to the relief previously granted by the staff (the "Staff") of the
Division of Market Regulation of the Securities and Exchange Commission
(the "Commission") with respect to Morgan Stanley Dean Witter's
Pharmaceutical BOXES. 2
Description of BOXES
BOXES are senior debt securities issued by Morgan Stanley Dean Witter
in one or more series. Each series will be exchangeable for a cash amount
based on the reported market prices of a portfolio of common stocks (the
"Underlying Stocks") upon:
maturity;
earlier exchange by a holder on any trading day in a specified
minimum amount of BOXES (except in limited circumstances involving a
downgrade in Morgan Stanley Dean Witter's credit rating, in which case
there shall be no such minimum amount); or
call by Morgan Stanley Dean Witter (in whole but not in part).
Each series of BOXES is expected to pay a quarterly base coupon equal
to the distributions, if any, paid on the Underlying Stocks and an annual
supplemental coupon at a rate based on the adjusted average daily closing
values of the Underlying Stocks during a prescribed period.
BOXES are intended to provide investors with a debt security, issued by
a highly-rated issuer, that is exchangeable for the cash value of the
Underlying Stocks. Specifically, each series of BOXES is intended to allow
investors to:
hold a single, exchange-listed note exchangeable for the cash value
of the Underlying Stocks upon maturity, earlier exchange by a holder or
call by Morgan Stanley Dean Witter and thereby to acquire - in a single
security and a single trade - exposure to a specific industry, sector or
index;
trade the BOXES at a lower cost than the cost of trading each of the
Underlying Stocks separately; and
maintain their industry, sector or index exposure without ongoing
management or administrative fees and expenses.
Morgan Stanley Dean Witter anticipates that additional issuances of a
particular series of BOXES will be made subsequent to the initial issuance
of that series (and prior to the maturity of the notes of that series) for
purposes of providing market liquidity. Subsequent issuances of a series
will have identical terms, other than price. The offering price of any
reopening of a series of BOXES will be derived from the value of the
Underlying Stocks as of the applicable pricing date, plus accrued but
unpaid coupon amounts and the applicable agent's or underwriter's
discounts and commissions.
Investors may purchase BOXES either in the initial placement or in the
secondary market. Although an investor may generally exchange BOXES for
the cash value of the Underlying Stocks prior to maturity only in a
specified minimum amount of BOXES (and multiples of 100 in excess thereof,
subject to a special exception in the event of a ratings downgrade of
Morgan Stanley Dean Witter), secondary market transactions in the BOXES
may be in round lots (100 BOXES) or odd lots. The BOXES will be issued in
book-entry form only. Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated, a
wholly-owned subsidiary of Morgan Stanley Dean Witter and a broker-dealer
registered as such under the Exchange Act ("MS & Co."), will act as
the underwriter or placement agent in connection with each series of
BOXES. MS & Co. intends to make a market in the BOXES.
Description of the Biotech BOXES and the Amex Biotechnology
Index
Morgan Stanley Dean Witter, on behalf of itself, the Amex, the Phlx and
persons engaging in market transactions in the Biotech BOXES, is
requesting the relief described herein solely with respect to such Biotech
BOXES. The Biotech BOXES will be exchangeable in minimum amounts of 30,000
Biotech BOXES 3 for an amount in cash based on the reported market
prices of the common stock of the biotechnology companies underlying the
Amex Biotechnology Index (the "BTK Index"), an index that has been
approved by the Commission under Section 19(b)(2) of the Exchange Act. 4 The Biotech BOXES will be issued under an effective
registration statement filed with the Commission under the Securities Act
of 1933, as amended, with respect to Morgan Stanley Dean Witter's debt
securities.
The BTK Index is an equal-dollar weighted index ( i.e. , each of
the Underlying Stocks is represented in approximately equal dollar amounts
in the index) currently based on 17 U.S. Underlying Stocks that represent
a cross-section of the biotechnology industry and that are traded on the
New York Stock Exchange or through the facilities of Nasdaq as National
Market Securities. 5 The value of the BTK Index was initially calculated by
(i) determining the number of shares (to the nearest whole share) that
represented $10,000 of each Underlying Stock at their closing prices on
October 18, 1991; (ii) multiplying the resulting number of shares for each
Underlying Stock by the closing price for that Underlying Stock on October
18, 1991; (iii) calculating the sum of all those products; and (iv)
dividing such sum by a divisor (the "Divisor") which established a base
value for the Index. Because each Underlying Stock was initially
represented in approximately an equal dollar amount in the Index, each
Underlying Stock initially represented an equal percentage of the weight
of the Index.
Based on publicly available information, we understand that the value
of the BTK Index at any time will equal the aggregate market value (based
on U.S. primary market prices) of the assigned number of shares of each
Underlying Stock divided by the Divisor. Accordingly, the weightings of
the Underlying Stocks in the Index will change as their prices change.
Each quarter, following the close of trading on the third Friday of
January, April, July and October, the Amex adjusts the number of shares of
each Underlying Stock so that the number of shares of each Underlying
Stock again represents an equal dollar amount of each stock. Each
Underlying Stock therefore again represents an equal percentage (so long
as the BTK Index is comprised of 17 Underlying Stocks, 5.88%) of the
weight of the Index. If necessary, the Amex will adjust the Divisor to
ensure continuity of the BTK Index's value. 6 The adjusted portfolio will become the basis for the
BTK Index's value on the first trading day following the quarterly
adjustment.
We further understand that the number of shares of each Underlying
Stock will remain fixed between quarterly adjustments except in the event
of certain types of corporate actions, such as the payment of a dividend
(other than an ordinary cash dividend), stock distributions, stock splits,
reverse stock splits, rights offerings, or a distribution, reorganization,
recapitalization or similar events with respect to an Underlying Stock.
The number of shares of an Underlying Stock will also be adjusted in the
event of a merger, consolidation, dissolution or liquidation with respect
to the issuer of that stock. When such adjustments occur between quarterly
adjustments, the number of shares of the relevant Underlying Stock will be
adjusted, to the nearest whole share, to maintain its relative weight in
the BTK Index at the level immediately prior to the event giving rise to
the adjustment. If an Underlying Stock is replaced, the average value of
the remaining Underlying Stocks is calculated and the resulting amount
will be invested (to the nearest whole share) in the new Underlying Stock.
In both cases, the Divisor will be adjusted, if necessary, to ensure the
continuity of the BTK Index's value.
All of the Underlying Stocks included in the BTK Index must be equity
securities registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act and are and
must be listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange or the Amex or
quoted on and traded through the Nasdaq National Market System.
Accordingly, all of the Underlying Stocks included in the BTK Index are
subject to real-time last sale reporting under Rule 11Aa3-1 under the
Exchange Act.
The BTK Index is calculated and published by the Amex. The Amex may
change the BTK Index from time to time, subject to compliance with the
maintenance criteria set forth in the Section 19(b)(2) order of the
Commission that approved the BTK Index for options trading. The Phlx and
the Amex plan to list the Biotech BOXES for trading pursuant to Rule
19b-4(e)(1) under the Exchange Act. 7
Rule 10a-1
Rule 10a-1(a)(1)(i) under the Exchange Act provides that a short sale
of an exchange-traded security may not be effected below the last
regular-way sale price, or at such price unless such price is above the
next preceding different price at which a sale was reported. A primary
purpose of Rule 10a-1 is to prevent the market price of a stock from being
manipulated downward by unrestricted short selling.
Application of Rule 10a-1 to the Biotech BOXES will not further the
Rule's purpose. As noted above, the Commission previously has granted
exemptive relief from Rule 10a-1 with respect to the first series of
BOXES, the Pharmaceutical BOXES. 8 As with the Pharmaceutical BOXES, Morgan Stanley Dean
Witter anticipates that the market price of the Biotech BOXES will rise or
fall based almost entirely on changes in the value of the Underlying
Stocks. The market price of the Biotech BOXES should therefore not decline
absent a decline in the value of the Underlying Stocks. We note that the
Commission has acknowledged this type of correlation in connection with
Rule 10a-1 relief granted to other index-based products such as SPDRs,
MidCap SPDRs, DIAMONDS, Select Sector SPDRs, iShares and streetTracks. 9 These products are, like the Biotech BOXES,
securities whose value is directly linked to the market prices of the
common stocks underlying an index approved by the Commission. 10 Given the similarities in trading characteristics
between these products and the Biotech BOXES, and in light of the factors
set out below, it would not be appropriate or in the public interest to
subject the Biotech BOXES to more stringent regulation, which would place
them at a trading disadvantage relative to other comparable products. 11
In addition, the calculation of the BTK Index according to the equal
dollar method will ensure that any concentration of the weight of the
Index in any Underlying Stock or group of Underlying Stocks will be
temporary pending the next rebalancing. As described above, each
Underlying Stock will represent an equal percentage of the BTK Index
following each quarterly rebalancing of the Index.
Like many other index-linked products that have been granted relief
from Rule 10a-1, trading in the Biotech BOXES will be subject to
significant anti-manipulation standards included in the listing rules of
both the Phlx and the Amex. These rules, which were subject to the prior
approval of the Commission pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Exchange
Act and Rule 19b-4 thereunder, as well as ongoing review by the
Commission, establish objective criteria for the composition of the BTK
Index. 12
Moreover, in the Section 19(b)(2) order approving the BTK Index, the
Commission noted that the Amex's options listing standards, which are
uniform among the options exchanges, provide that a security underlying an
option must, among other requirements, meet substantial minimum thresholds
of market capitalization and liquidity. 13 It is noteworthy that, in its 1992 approval of the
BTK Index, the Commission stated that the market capitalizations of the
stocks underlying the index then ranged from a high of $8.6 billion to a
low of $149.0 million, with the mean being $1.06 billion. By contrast, as
of January 25, 2002, the market capitalization of the stocks underlying
the BTK Index ranged from a high of $58.6 billion to a low of $1.1
billion, with the average being $10.1 billion. As of such date, the market
capitalization of all such Underlying Stocks was approximately $171.3
billion, and the total number of shares outstanding of the Underlying
Stocks ranged from approximately 50.6 million to 1.0 billion. The average
daily trading volume of such Underlying Stocks during the period from
November 23, 2001 to January 25, 2002 ranged from a low of approximately
613,770 to a high of 13.1 million shares per day. Moreover, in its Rule
19b-2 filing, the Amex states that in making replacement determinations,
it "will make every effort to take into account a stock's capitalization,
liquidity, volatility, and name recognition." 14 Thus, each of the Underlying Stocks included in the
BTK Index is now and is expected to continue to be an actively traded
security within the meaning of Rule 101(c)(1) of Regulation M under the
Exchange Act and will have a substantial market capitalization. The
Biotech BOXES themselves must have a minimum public distribution of
150,000 BOXES at issuance and are expected to achieve an "ADTV" value
(within the meaning of Regulation M) of at least $100,000 within 60
calendar days of their initial issuance. 15
The depth of both the expected trading markets for the Biotech BOXES
and of the existing trading markets for the Underlying Stocks makes the
possibility of manipulation remote. The Commission has repeatedly
recognized that the market prices of highly liquid securities are less
susceptible to manipulation, including, for example, in the context of
distributions subject to Regulation M. 16 Indeed, in considering the continued effectiveness
of Rule 10a-1 in its Concept Release regarding the Rule, the Commission
requested comment whether an exception from Rule 10a-1 should be available
for all highly liquid securities - assuming that the Rule is retained at
all. 17
Given the anticipated liquidity of the Biotech BOXES and the actual
liquidity and market capitalization of the Underlying Stocks, an investor
with manipulative intent would likely have to sell short a substantial
amount of the Biotech BOXES to manipulate the price of a single Underlying
Stock, and such short sales would be subject to applicable margin
requirements. By making such short sales, the investor would be
effectively selling short all of the Underlying Stocks. To remain
economically neutral with respect to those Underlying Stocks not intended
to be manipulated, the investor would have to purchase each of the 16
other Underlying Stocks, in proportion to their representation in the BTK
Index. The expense, opportunity cost and impracticality of this strategy
are apparent.
Even if short sales were able temporarily to depress the market price
of the Biotech BOXES, Morgan Stanley Dean Witter believes that any
disparities in relative market values between the Biotech BOXES and the
Underlying Stocks would tend to be corrected immediately by arbitrage
activity. The arbitrage opportunity is created as a result of the ability
of holders of the Biotech BOXES to exchange their Biotech BOXES for the
cash value of the Underlying Stocks on any trading day, as well as by the
ability of Morgan Stanley Dean Witter to issue additional Biotech BOXES to
satisfy market demand and maintain their liquidity. While it expects that
series reopenings will occur no more frequently than monthly, Morgan
Stanley Dean Witter intends to reopen the Biotech BOXES at any time in
which a significant disparity exists in supply and demand, thereby
reducing the opportunities to manipulate the market prices for the Biotech
BOXES or the Underlying Stocks through short sales of the Biotech BOXES. 18 Moreover, the ability of Morgan Stanley Dean Witter
to issue additional Biotech BOXES provides investors with an opportunity
analogous in respect of arbitrage to obtaining "Creation Units" of SPDRS
and other similar products through the deposit of the relevant underlying
stocks or "Deposit Securities." 19 Under these circumstances, and in light of the
ability of investors to exchange their Biotech BOXES on a daily basis for
the cash value of the Underlying Stocks, it would appear to be
economically futile to use short sales of Biotech BOXES to depress the
market price(s) of any Underlying Stock(s).
The trading market for the Biotech BOXES would be adversely affected if
Rule 10a-1 operated to prevent dealers or the designated primary market
maker from making short sales of the Biotech BOXES to satisfy customer
demand. Requiring an investor to utilize another means, such as index
options, to achieve its investment goals would be detrimental to the
market for the Biotech BOXES and contrary to the public interest in
liquid, efficient securities markets.
Rule 14e-5
Rule 14e-5 prohibits a person who makes a cash tender offer or exchange
offer (an "Offer") for any equity security from directly or indirectly
purchasing such security or any "related security," 20 except as part of the Offer from the time it is
publicly announced until its expiration. The Rule also applies to the
dealer-manager of the Offer, its affiliates and certain advisers thereto
("Covered Persons"). MS & Co. offers a full range of banking and
securities services, including merger and acquisition advisory services.
From time to time, MS & Co. or one of its affiliates may act as
dealer-manager in connection with an Offer relating to an Underlying Stock
(a "Subject Security") included in the Biotech BOXES.
We respectfully request that the Commission grant exemptive,
interpretive or no-action relief from Rule 14e-5 to permit MS & Co.
and any other Covered Person (including a member or member organization of
the Phlx or the Amex) during such Offer to make purchases and arrangements
to purchase a Subject Security or any "Related Security" (as defined in
Rule 14e-5) with respect to a Subject Security (the "Trading Activities"),
so long as (a) such activities are conducted in the ordinary course of
such Covered Person's business solely to offset sales of the Biotech BOXES
(including subsequent issuances of such Biotech BOXES) pursuant to
bona fide hedging and covering activities; and (b) the other
conditions specified below are satisfied.
With respect to purchases of a Subject Security made in connection with
Trading Activities, we note that Rule 14e-5(b)(5) excepts purchases and
arrangements to purchase baskets of securities that may contain a Subject
Security subject to certain conditions, including that the basket contain
at least 20 stocks and that the Subject Security not account for more than
5% of the value of the basket. In the Release adopting Rule 14e-5, the
Commission stated that transactions in baskets meeting these terms would
provide "little opportunity for a covered person to facilitate an offer or
for a security holder to exact a premium from the offeror." 21 The BTK Index would not currently meet the 20-stock
minimum requirement and, under the Section 19(b)(2) order approving the
BTK Index, a single Underlying Stock of the BTK Index may represent more
than 5% of the value of the BTK Index. Accordingly, purchases of the
Underlying Stocks relating to the BTK Index would not be eligible for the
basket exception of Rule 14e-5(b)(5).
For the reasons set forth above, however, and in light of the
Commission's previous grant of exemptive relief from Rule 14e-5 with
respect to the Pharmaceutical BOXES, we believe that the imposition of
these limitations is not appropriate in the case of the Biotech BOXES. As
previously noted, the composition of the BTK Index is subject to
anti-manipulative standards approved by the Commission. As demonstrated
above, these standards, coupled with the exchange feature of the BOXES and
the ability of Morgan Stanley Dean Witter to make subsequent issuances of
the BOXES, operate to prevent investors from using derivative securities,
such as the Biotech BOXES, to manipulate the market prices of either the
Biotech BOXES or the Underlying Stocks.
In addition, the Trading Activities by their nature do not present the
opportunity for the type of abuse Rule 14e-5 is designed to prevent. As
stated above, Morgan Stanley Dean Witter anticipates that its affiliate,
MS & Co., will make a market in the Biotech BOXES and will engage in
purchases and sales of the Underlying Stocks or other instruments
(including Related Securities) to offset exposure that it may incur in
connection with its market-making activities. In addition, to the extent
that it makes subsequent issuances of the Biotech BOXES to assure their
liquidity, Morgan Stanley Dean Witter anticipates that MS & Co., as
its hedge provider under the Biotech BOXES, will acquire Underlying Stocks
or Related Securities to fully hedge its potential exposure to exchanges
of such BOXES. In each case, the purchases will be made so as to remain
market "neutral" or economically indifferent to whether the Underlying
Stocks rise or fall in value relative to the market prices of the Biotech
BOXES. This goal is plainly inconsistent with an intent to exact a premium
from the offeror or to bid up the market price of the Subject Security.
Moreover, the Commission has frequently acknowledged the importance of
hedging activities in risk reduction, including for example in its
adoption of Rule 11a1-3(T) under Section 11 of the Exchange Act, which
provides that:
[a] bona fide hedge transaction effected on a national securities
exchange . . . and involving a long or short position in a security
entitling the holder to acquire or sell an equity security, and a long or
short position in one or more other securities entitling the holder to
acquire or sell such equity security, shall be deemed to be of a kind
which is consistent with the purposes of Section 11(a)(1) of the
[Exchange] Act, the protection of investors, and the maintenance of fair
and orderly markets. 22
All of the proposed hedging or covering activity will be conducted in
the ordinary course of business of the relevant Covered Person and would
not be conducted for the purpose of facilitating any Offer. Given the
impracticality of using the Trading Activities for purposes of
facilitating an Offer, application of Rule 14e-5 to prevent ordinary
course market-making in the Biotech BOXES and related hedging would
further no intended purpose of the Rule and would disrupt the trading
market for the Biotech BOXES, harming, in particular, retail investors who
look to dispose of their BOXES in a liquid secondary market. Any
disruption would be significant, both with respect to the pricing
efficiency of the Biotech BOXES and, to the extent reopenings of the
Biotech BOXES were precluded, their liquidity. Accordingly, Morgan Stanley
Dean Witter respectfully requests that MS & Co. and Morgan Stanley
Dean Witter's other affiliates be granted an exemption from the provisions
of Rule 14e-5 to engage in the Trading Activities with respect to the
Biotech BOXES, subject to the following conditions: 23
Morgan Stanley Dean Witter and its affiliates will maintain and
enforce written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent
the flow of information to or from the persons engaged in the Trading
Activities that might result in a violation of the federal securities
laws and regulations with respect to the Biotech BOXES or the Underlying
Stocks (including for these purposes any Related Security);
the Trading Activities will be effected in the ordinary course of
business and not for the purpose of facilitating any Offer; 24
no purchases or arrangements to purchase any Subject Security or any
Related Security as part of the Trading Activities will be made directly
or indirectly on behalf of the offeror;
the registration statements and other offer documents relating to
any Offer will disclose the possibility of, or the intention to make,
purchases of the Subject Security or Related Securities outside the
Offer in connection with the Trading Activities;
Morgan Stanley Dean Witter and its affiliates will provide to the
Division of Market Regulation, upon request, a daily time-sequenced
schedule of all transactions effected in the Biotech BOXES or any
Subject Securities or Related Security by it or such affiliates pursuant
to the exemption, on a transaction-by-transaction basis in connection
with the Trading Activities, including:
size, broker (if any), date and time of execution and price of
purchase; and
the exchange, quotation system or other facility through which the
purchase occurred;
upon request of the Division of Market Regulation, Morgan Stanley
Dean Witter and such affiliates will transmit the information specified
in paragraphs 5.a. and 5.b. to the Division of Market Regulation at its
offices in Washington, D.C. within 30 days of its request;
Morgan Stanley Dean Witter and its affiliates will retain all
documents and other information required to be maintained pursuant to
the exemption for at least two years from the date of the termination of
the relevant Offer;
representatives of Morgan Stanley Dean Witter and its affiliates
will be made available (in person at the offices of the Commission in
Washington, D.C. or by telephone) to respond to inquiries of the
Division of Market Regulation relating to their records; and
except as otherwise exempted by the Commission, Morgan Stanley Dean
Witter and its affiliates will comply with Rule 14e-5.
* * *
If you determine that you are unable to render the advice that we have
requested, we would appreciate the opportunity to discuss our request with
the staff prior to the issuance of a written response to this letter. We
are available at your convenience to meet in person or by telephone for
this purpose. Please contact the undersigned at (212) 225-2472 or James F.
McMullin of this office at (212) 225-2336 if you have any questions.
Very truly yours,
Janet L. Fisher
cc: Larry E. Bergmann, Esq.,
Senior Associate Director, Securities
and Exchange Commission
Richard M. Bayus, II, Esq.,
Securities and Exchange Commission
John G. Saia, Esq.,
Special Counsel, Securities and Exchange
Commission
Martin M. Cohen, Esq.,
Morgan Stanley Dean Witter
Georgia Bullitt, Esq.,
Morgan Stanley Dean Witter
James F. McMullin, Esq.,
Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton
_____________________
1
"Basket Opportunity eXchangeablE Securities" and "BOXES" are
service marks of Morgan Stanley Dean Witter.
2
See Letters from James A. Brigagliano, Division of Market
Regulation, to Janet L. Fisher, Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen &
Hamilton, dated November 9, 2001, File No. TP 01-156, and November
20, 2001, File No. TP 02-22.
3
As described above, there will be no minimum amount in limited
circumstances involving a downgrade in Morgan Stanley Dean Witter's
credit rating.
4
"BTK Index" is a service mark of the Amex. The BTK Index was
approved in Release No. 34-31245 (Sept. 28, 1992).
5
Morgan Stanley Dean Witter does not anticipate that the number
of Underlying Stocks of the BTK Index will fall below 15 at any
time. If the number of Underlying Stocks falls below 15, Morgan
Stanley Dean Witter will consult with the Staff to determine whether
the relief sought by this letter remains appropriate.
6
In the Section 19(b)(2) order approving the BTK Index for
options trading, the Commission noted that quarterly rebalancings
"ensure that no stock or group of stocks will have a
disproportionate impact on the Index." See Release No.
34-31245 (Sept. 28, 1992)
7
The Phlx received approval to list BOXES under Rule 19b-4(e)(1)
pursuant to Release No. 34-45082 (Nov. 19, 2001). The Amex received
approval to list BOXES under Rule 19b-4(e)(1) pursuant to Release
No. 34-44621 (July 30, 2001).
8
See note 2, supra .
9
The Commission has also acknowledged this type of correlation in
approving the Phlx and Amex listing standards governing the BOXES,
concluding that these standards are "reasonably designed to provide
investors with an investment vehicle that substantially reflects the
value of the Underlying Stocks of an Underlying Index." Release No.
34-45082 (Nov. 19, 2001); Release No. 34-44621 (July 30, 2001).
10
See SPDRs (avail. Jan. 28, 1993); MidCap
SPDRs (avail. Apr. 21, 1995); DIAMONDS (avail. Jan. 9,
1998); Select Sector SPDRs (avail. Dec. 14, 1998); iShares
Trust (avail. May 16, 2000); streetTracks Series Trust
(avail. Sept. 26, 2000); iShares Trust (avail. Feb. 1, 2001);
iShares Trust (avail. Mar. 13, 2001); iShares Trust
(avail. Apr. 2, 2001); Vanguard VIPERS Small-Cap Index Fund
(avail. May 21, 2001); iShares Trust (avail. July 10, 2001).
We note that these products are exchangeable or redeemable for the
stocks underlying an index while the Biotech BOXES are instead
exchangeable or redeemable for a cash amount based on the market
prices of the common stocks underlying the BTK Index. We do not
believe this distinction will cause the BOXES to have any difference
in trading characteristics relevant to the Rule 10a-1 analysis.
11
We also note that in approving the Phlx's and Amex's rule change
governing the listing of the BOXES, the Commission concluded that
products such as the BOXES will "facilitate transactions in
securities, remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a
free and open market and a national market system, and, in general,
protect investors and the public interest." Release No. 34-45082
(Nov. 19, 2001); Release No. 34-44621 (July 30, 2001).
12
In light of the calculation of the BTK Index according to the
equal-dollar method, the required quarterly rebalancings of the BTK
Index and the fact that, as noted in the Commission's order
approving the BTK Index, no single stock dominates the BTK Index,
Morgan Stanley Dean Witter does not anticipate that any Underlying
Stock of the BTK Index will account for more than 50% of the weight
of the BTK Index. If an Underlying Stock does account for more than
50% of the weight of the BTK Index, Morgan Stanley Dean Witter will
consult with the Staff to determine whether the relief sought by
this letter remains appropriate.
13
See Release No. 34-31245 (Sept. 28, 1992). Under the
Amex's options listing standards, any security underlying an option
must have (i) a public float of at least 7 million shares; (ii) a
minimum of 2,000 stockholders; (iii) trading volume in the U.S. of
at least 2.4 million shares over the preceding 12 months; and (iv) a
U.S. market price of at least $7.50 for a majority of the business
days during the preceding three calendar months. Additional
requirements are applicable to ADRs. Prospectively, the Commission
order approving the BTK Index requires that at least 90% of the
weight of the BTK Index be composed of stocks that are eligible for
standardized options trading.
14
Release No. 34-31245 (Sept. 28, 1992).
15
Morgan Stanley Dean Witter does not anticipate that the ADTV
value of the Biotech BOXES will fall below $100,000 following the 60
calendar days of their initial issuance. If the Biotech BOXES fail
to achieve this level of ADTV value (determined in accordance
with Regulation M), Morgan Stanley Dean Witter will consult with the
Staff to determine whether the relief sought by this letter remains
appropriate.
16
Release No. 34-38067 (Dec. 20, 1996).
17
Release No. 34-42037 (Oct. 20, 1999).
18
These series reopenings would be subject only to statutory or
internal restrictions on the purchase and sale on any Underlying
Stock that may become applicable to Morgan Stanley Dean Witter as a
result of activities of its broker-dealer affiliates, such as merger
and acquisition advisory activities.
19
See note 10, supra .
20
A "related security" of any other security is any "security that
is immediately convertible into, exchangeable for, or exercisable
for" such other security. Because the Biotech BOXES are exchangeable
for a cash amount based on the prices of the Underlying Stocks but
not the Underlying Stocks themselves, we believe the Biotech BOXES
are not "related securities" of the Underlying Stocks and,
accordingly, we are not requesting relief under Rule 14e-5 for
transactions in the Biotech BOXES.
21
Release No. 34-42055 (Oct. 22, 1999).
22
Release No. 34-15533 (Jan. 29, 1979); see also
Release No. 34-42037 (Oct. 20, 1999), in which the Commission
requests comment on whether an exception from the application of
Rule 10a-1 should be permitted in the case of bona
fide hedging activities; Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner
& Smith, Inc. (avail. Dec. 17, 1986) (no-action relief
granted from Rule 10a-1 for short sales effected in connection with
bona fide index arbitrage activities).
23
These conditions are similar to those imposed, for example, in
UBS AG and UBS Warburg (avail. Sept. 13, 2000); and
Exchange Offers by Telefonica S.A. (avail. Feb. 29, 2000). In
addition to the relief granted with respect to the Pharmaceutical
BOXES, the Staff has also granted relief from Rule 14e-5 to permit
secondary market transactions in other index-based securities, such
as SPDRs, DIAMONDS, iShares and streetTracks. See note 10,
supra .
24
Morgan Stanley Dean Witter confirms that Subject Securities or
Related Securities acquired by MS & Co. and/or other affiliates
of Morgan Stanley Dean Witter as a result of the Trading Activities
will not be tendered in any Offer.
http://www.sec.gov/divisions/marketreg/mr-noaction/biotech031902.htm
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02/10/2005
This is a copy of a public record, reproduced as it was published. It is not legal advice, and it may not be the version a court would rely on. Check the official source before you cite it.