The opinion
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
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9 CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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NANCY McMILLAN, an individual, Case No.: 2:22-cv-08100 AB (PVCx)
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Plaintiff,
12 STIPULATED PROTECTIVE
vs. ORDER
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CITY OF GLENDORA, a municipal
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entity; DANIEL GIGLIOBIANCO,
15 individually and in his official
capacity as a police officer for
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Glendora Police Department;
17 DANNY MOUAWAD, individually
and in his official capacity as a police
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officer for Glendora Police
19 Department; and DOES 1-50,
inclusive, individually and in their
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official capacity as police officers for
21 Glendora Police Department,
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Defendants.
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TO THE HONORABLE COURT:
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By and through their counsel of record in this action, Plaintiff NANCY
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McMILLAN (“Plaintiff”), and Defendants CITY OF GLENDORA, DANIEL
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GIGLIOBIANCO, and DANNY MOUAWAD ("Defendants") – the Parties – hereby
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1 stipulate for the purpose of jointly requesting that the Honorable Court enter a
2 protective order regarding the confidential documents in in this matter [and pursuant
3 to Fed. R. Civ. P. 5.2, 7, and 26; U.S. Dist. Ct., C.D. Cal., Local Rules 7-1; and any
4 applicable Orders of the Court] as follows:
5 1. INTRODUCTION
6 1.1 PURPOSES AND LIMITATIONS
7 Discovery in this action is likely to involve production of confidential,
8 proprietary, or private information for which special protection from public
9 disclosure and from use for any purpose other than prosecuting this litigation may
10 be warranted. Accordingly, the parties hereby stipulate to and petition the Court to
11 enter the following Stipulated Protective Order. The parties acknowledge that this
12 Order does not confer blanket protections on all disclosures or responses to
13 discovery and that the protection it affords from public disclosure and use extends
14 only to the limited information or items that are entitled to confidential treatment
15 under the applicable legal principles. The parties further acknowledge, as set forth
16 in Section 12.3, below, that this Stipulated Protective Order does not entitle them to
17 file confidential information under seal; Civil Local Rule 79-5 sets forth the
18 procedures that must be followed and the standards that will be applied when a party
19 seeks permission from the court to file material under seal.
20 1.2 GOOD CAUSE STATEMENT
21 The parties maintain that good cause exists for entry of a protective order in
22 this action. Oliner v. Kontrabecki, 745 F.3d 1024, 1026 (9th Cir. 2014). The key
23 issues to be decided are: (1) whether Defendants used excessive force in violation of
24 the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution, pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §
25 1983; (2) whether Plaintiff was denied medical care in violation of the Fourth
26 Amendment of the United States Constitution, pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983; (3)
27 whether Defendants’ conduct constituted interference, or intimidation, by threats,
1 intimidation and coercion, with Plaintiff’s peaceable exercise and enjoyment of
2 rights secured by the Constitution and laws of the United States and the State of
3 California, in violation of California Civil Code §52.1 (Tom Bane Act); (4) Whether
4 Plaintiff was subjected to a harmful and offensive touching by Defendants; (5)
5 Whether Defendants intended to cause Plaintiff emotional distress; and (6) Whether
6 Defendants negligently and wrongfully caused injury to Plaintiff pursuant to
7 California state law.
8 This litigation is in the early stages of discovery. The Parties contend that
9 some of the documents and information that will be produced during the discovery
10 process contain confidential information. Specifically, Defendant Officers are peace
11 officers whose personnel records are confidential under California law. Portions of
12 police personnel records may be disclosed, as well as documents reflecting policies,
13 functioning, training, schedules, or other operational details of law enforcement, and
14 these must also be protected from public disclosure in order to ensure the safety and
15 security of law enforcement and the public. The personnel records warrant special
16 protection from public disclosure and from use for any purpose other than
17 prosecution of this action. Such confidential and proprietary materials and
18 information consist of, among other things, confidential employment and personnel
19 information relating to a peace officer which is otherwise generally unavailable to
20 the public, or which may be privileged or otherwise protected from disclosure under
21 state or federal statutes, court rules, case decisions, or common law.
22 In light of the nature of the claims and allegations in this case and the Parties’
23 representations that discovery in this case will involve the production of confidential
24 records, and in order to expedite the flow of information, to facilitate the prompt
25 resolution of disputes over confidentiality of discovery materials, to adequately
26 protect information the parties are entitled to keep confidential, to ensure that the
27 Parties are permitted reasonable necessary uses of such material in connection with
1 this action, to address their handling of such material at the end of the litigation, and
2 to serve the ends of justice, a protective order for such information is justified in this
3 matter. The Parties shall not designate any information/documents as confidential
4 without a good faith belief that such information/documents have been maintained
5 in a confidential, non-public manner, and that there is good cause or a compelling
6 reason why it should not be part of the public record of this case.
7 Accordingly, the Parties agree that good cause exists for entry of this
8 Protective Order to facilitate pre-trial disclosure while assuring the safety of these
9 sensitive disclosures. See Fed. R. Civ. Proc. 26(c).
10 2. DEFINITIONS
11 2.1 Action: Nancy McMillan v. City of Glendora, et al., Case No.: 2:22-cv-
12 08100 AB (PVCx), pending before the United States District Court, Central District
13 of California.
14 2.2 Challenging Party: a Party or Non-Party that challenges the
15 designation of information or items under this Order.
16 2.3 “CONFIDENTIAL” Information or Items: information (regardless
17 of how it is generated, stored or maintained) or tangible things that qualify for
18 protection under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(c), and as specified above in
19 the Good Cause Statement.
20 2.4 Counsel: Outside Counsel of Record and House Counsel (as well as
21 their support staff).
22 2.5 Designating Party: a Party or Non-Party that designates information
23 or items that it produces in disclosures or in responses to discovery as
24 “CONFIDENTIAL.”
25 2.6 Disclosure or Discovery Material: all items or information,
26 regardless of the medium or manner in which it is generated, stored, or maintained
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1 (including, among other things, testimony, transcripts, and tangible things), that
2 are produced or generated in disclosures or responses to discovery in this matter.
3 2.7 Expert: a person with specialized knowledge or experience in a
4 matter pertinent to the litigation who has been retained by a Party or its counsel
5 to serve as an expert witness or as a consultant in this Action.
6 2.8 House Counsel: attorneys who are employees of a party to this
7 Action. House Counsel does not include Outside Counsel of Record or any other
8 outside counsel.
9 2.9 Non-Party: any natural person, partnership, corporation, association,
10 or other legal entity not named as a Party to this action.
11 2.10 Outside Counsel of Record: attorneys who are not employees of a
12 party to this Action but are retained to represent or advise a party to this Action
13 and have appeared in this Action on behalf of that party or are affiliated with a
14 law firm which has appeared on behalf of that party, and includes support staff.
15 2.11 Party: any party to this Action, including all of its officers, directors,
16 employees, consultants, retained experts, and Outside Counsel of Record (and
17 their support staffs).
18 2.12 Producing Party: a Party or Non-Party that produces Disclosure or
19 Discovery Material in this Action.
20 2.13 Professional Vendors: persons or entities that provide litigation
21 support services (e.g., photocopying, videotaping, translating, preparing exhibits
22 or demonstrations, and organizing, storing, or retrieving data in any form or
23 medium) and their employees and subcontractors.
24 2.14 Protected Material: any Disclosure or Discovery Material that is
25 designated as “CONFIDENTIAL.”
26 2.15 Receiving Party: a Party that receives Disclosure or Discovery
27 Material from a Producing Party.
1 3. SCOPE
2 The protections conferred by this Stipulation and Order cover not only
3 Protected Material (as defined above), but also (1) any information copied or
4 extracted from Protected Material; (2) all copies, excerpts, summaries, or
5 compilations of Protected Material; and (3) any testimony, conversations, or
6 presentations by Parties or their Counsel that might reveal Protected Material.
7 Any use of Protected Material at trial will be governed by the orders of the
8 trial judge. This Order does not govern the use of Protected Material at trial.
9 4. DURATION
10 Once a case proceeds to trial, all of the information that was designated as
11 confidential or maintained pursuant to this protective order becomes public and
12 will be presumptively available to all members of the public, including the press,
13 unless compelling reasons supported by specific factual findings to proceed
14 otherwise are made to the trial judge in advance of the trial. See Kamakana v.
15 City and County of Honolulu, 447 F.3d 1172, 1180-81 (9th Cir. 2006)
16 (distinguishing “good cause” showing for sealing documents produced in
17 discovery from “compelling reasons” standard when merits-related documents are
18 part of court record). Accordingly, the terms of this protective order do not extend
19 beyond the commencement of the trial.
20 5. DESIGNATING PROTECTED MATERIAL
21 5.1 Exercise of Restraint and Care in Designating Material for
22 Protection. Each Party or Non-Party that designates information or items for
23 protection under this Order must take care to limit any such designation to specific
24 material that qualifies under the appropriate standards. The Designating Party
25 must designate for protection only those parts of material, documents, items, or
26 oral or written communications that qualify so that other portions of the material,
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1 documents, items, or communications for which protection is not warranted are
2 not swept unjustifiably within the ambit of this Order.
3 Mass, indiscriminate, or routinized designations are prohibited.
4 Designations that are shown to be clearly unjustified or that have been made for
5 an improper purpose (e.g., to unnecessarily encumber the case development
6 process or to impose unnecessary expenses and burdens on other parties) may
7 expose the Designating Party to sanctions.
8 If it comes to a Designating Party’s attention that information or items that
9 it designated for protection do not qualify for protection, that Designating Party
10 must promptly notify all other Parties that it is withdrawing the inapplicable
11 designation.
12 5.2 Manner and Timing of Designations. Except as otherwise provided
13 in this Order (see, e.g., second paragraph of section 5.2(a) below), or as otherwise
14 stipulated or ordered, Disclosure or Discovery Material that qualifies for
15 protection under this Order must be clearly so designated before the material is
16 disclosed or produced.
17 Designation in conformity with this Order requires:
18 (a) for information in documentary form (e.g., paper or electronic
19 documents, but excluding transcripts of depositions or other pretrial or trial
20 proceedings), that the Producing Party affix at a minimum, the legend
21 “CONFIDENTIAL” (hereinafter “CONFIDENTIAL legend”), to each page that
22 contains protected material. If only a portion or portions of the material on a page
23 qualifies for protection, the Producing Party also must clearly identify the
24 protected portion(s) (e.g., by making appropriate markings in the margins).
25 A Party or Non-Party that makes original documents available for
26 inspection need not designate them for protection until after the inspecting Party
27 has indicated which documents it would like copied and produced. During the
1 inspection and before the designation, all of the material made available for
2 inspection will be deemed “CONFIDENTIAL.” After the inspecting Party has
3 identified the documents it wants copied and produced, the Producing Party must
4 determine which documents, or portions thereof, qualify for protection under this
5 Order. Then, before producing the specified documents, the Producing Party must
6 affix the “CONFIDENTIAL legend” to each page that contains Protected
7 Material. If only a portion or portions of the material on a page qualifies for
8 protection, the Producing Party also must clearly identify the protected portion(s)
9 (e.g., by making appropriate markings in the margins).
10 (b) for testimony given in depositions that the Designating Party identify
11 the Disclosure or Discovery Material on the record, before the close of the
12 deposition all protected testimony.
13 (c) for information produced in some form other than documentary and for
14 any other tangible items, that the Producing Party affix in a prominent place on
15 the exterior of the container or containers in which the information is stored the
16 legend “CONFIDENTIAL.” If only a portion or portions of the information
17 warrants protection, the Producing Party, to the extent practicable, will identify
18 the protected portion(s).
19 5.3 Inadvertent Failures to Designate. If timely corrected, an inadvertent
20 failure to designate qualified information or items does not, standing alone, waive
21 the Designating Party’s right to secure protection under this Order for such
22 material. Upon timely correction of a designation, the Receiving Party must make
23 reasonable efforts to assure that the material is treated in accordance with the
24 provisions of this Order.
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1 6. CHALLENGING CONFIDENTIALITY DESIGNATIONS
2 6.1 Timing of Challenges. Any Party or Non-Party may challenge a
3 designation of confidentiality at any time that is consistent with the Court’s
4 Scheduling Order.
5 6.2 Meet and Confer. The Challenging Party will initiate the dispute
6 resolution process (and, if necessary, file a discovery motion) under Local Rule
7 37.1 et seq.
8 6.3 The burden of persuasion in any such challenge proceeding will be
9 on the Designating Party. Frivolous challenges, and those made for an improper
10 purpose (e.g., to harass or impose unnecessary expenses and burdens on other
11 parties) may expose the Challenging Party to sanctions. Unless the Designating
12 Party has waived or withdrawn the confidentiality designation, all parties will
13 continue to afford the material in question the level of protection to which it is
14 entitled under the Producing Party’s designation until the Court rules on the
15 challenge.
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17 7. ACCESS TO AND USE OF PROTECTED MATERIAL
18 7.1 Basic Principles. A Receiving Party may use Protected Material that
19 is disclosed or produced by another Party or by a Non-Party in connection with
20 this Action only for prosecuting, defending, or attempting to settle this Action.
21 Such Protected Material may be disclosed only to the categories of persons and
22 under the conditions described in this Order. When the Action has been
23 terminated, a Receiving Party must comply with the provisions of section 13
24 below (FINAL DISPOSITION).
25 Protected Material must be stored and maintained by a Receiving Party at
26 a location and in a secure manner that ensures that access is limited to the persons
27 authorized under this Order.
1 7.2 Disclosure of “CONFIDENTIAL” Information or Items. Unless
2 otherwise ordered by the court or permitted in writing by the Designating Party,
3 a Receiving Party may disclose any information or item designated
4 “CONFIDENTIAL” only to:
5 (a) the Receiving Party’s Outside Counsel of Record in this Action, as
6 well as employees of said Outside Counsel of Record to whom it is reasonably
7 necessary to disclose the information for this Action;
8 (b) the officers, directors, and employees (including House Counsel) of
9 the Receiving Party to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for this Action;
10 (c) Experts (as defined in this Order) of the Receiving Party to whom
11 disclosure is reasonably necessary for this Action and who have signed the
12 “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A);
13 (d) the Court and its personnel;
14 (e) court reporters and their staff;
15 (f) professional jury or trial consultants, mock jurors, and Professional
16 Vendors to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for this Action and who have
17 signed the “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A);
18 (g) the author or recipient of a document containing the information or
19 a custodian or other person who otherwise possessed or knew the information;
20 (h) during their depositions, witnesses ,and attorneys for witnesses, in
21 the Action to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary provided: (1) the deposing
22 party requests that the witness sign the form attached as Exhibit A hereto; and (2)
23 they will not be permitted to keep any confidential information unless they sign
24 the “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A), unless
25 otherwise agreed by the Designating Party or ordered by the court. Pages of
26 transcribed deposition testimony or exhibits to depositions that reveal Protected
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1 Material may be separately bound by the court reporter and may not be disclosed
2 to anyone except as permitted under this Stipulated Protective Order; and
3 (i) any mediator or settlement officer, and their supporting personnel,
4 mutually agreed upon by any of the parties engaged in settlement discussions.
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6 8. PROTECTED MATERIAL SUBPOENAED OR ORDERED PRODUCED IN OTHER
7 LITIGATION
8 If a Party is served with a subpoena or a court order issued in other litigation
9 that compels disclosure of any information or items designated in this Action as
10 “CONFIDENTIAL,” that Party must:
11 (a) promptly notify in writing the Designating Party. Such notification
12 will include a copy of the subpoena or court order;
13 (b) promptly notify in writing the party who caused the subpoena or
14 order to issue in the other litigation that some or all of the material covered by the
15 subpoena or order is subject to this Protective Order. Such notification will
16 include a copy of this Stipulated Protective Order; and
17 (c) cooperate with respect to all reasonable procedures sought to be
18 pursued by the Designating Party whose Protected Material may be affected.
19 If the Designating Party timely seeks a protective order, the Party served
20 with the subpoena or court order will not produce any information designated in
21 this action as “CONFIDENTIAL” before a determination by the court from which
22 the subpoena or order issued, unless the Party has obtained the Designating
23 Party’s permission. The Designating Party will bear the burden and expense of
24 seeking protection in that court of its confidential material and nothing in these
25 provisions should be construed as authorizing or encouraging a Receiving Party
26 in this Action to disobey a lawful directive from another court.
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1 9. A NON-PARTY’S PROTECTED MATERIAL SOUGHT TO BE PRODUCED IN
2 THIS LITIGATION
3 (a) The terms of this Order are applicable to information produced by a
4 Non-Party in this Action and designated as “CONFIDENTIAL.” Such
5 information produced by Non-Parties in connection with this litigation is
6 protected by the remedies and relief provided by this Order. Nothing in these
7 provisions should be construed as prohibiting a Non-Party from seeking
8 additional protections.
9 (b) In the event that a Party is required, by a valid discovery request, to
10 produce a Non-Party’s confidential information in its possession, and the Party is
11 subject to an agreement with the Non-Party not to produce the Non-Party’s
12 confidential information, then the Party will:
13 (1) promptly notify in writing the Requesting Party and the Non-
14 Party that some or all of the information requested is subject to a confidentiality
15 agreement with a Non-Party;
16 (2) promptly provide the Non-Party with a copy of the Stipulated
17 Protective Order in this Action, the relevant discovery request(s), and a reasonably
18 specific description of the information requested; and
19 (3) make the information requested available for inspection by the
20 Non-Party, if requested.
21 (c) If the Non-Party fails to seek a protective order from this court
22 within 14 days of receiving the notice and accompanying information, the
23 Receiving Party may produce the Non-Party’s confidential information
24 responsive to the discovery request. If the Non-Party timely seeks a protective
25 order, the Receiving Party will not produce any information in its possession or
26 control that is subject to the confidentiality agreement with the Non-Party before
27 a determination by the court. Absent a court order to the contrary, the Non-Party
1 will bear the burden and expense of seeking protection in this court of its Protected
2 Material.
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4 10. UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE OF PROTECTED MATERIAL
5 If a Receiving Party learns that, by inadvertence or otherwise, it has
6 disclosed Protected Material to any person or in any circumstance not authorized
7 under this Stipulated Protective Order, the Receiving Party must immediately (a)
8 notify in writing the Designating Party of the unauthorized disclosures, (b) use its
9 best efforts to retrieve all unauthorized copies of the Protected Material, (c) inform
10 the person or persons to whom unauthorized disclosures were made of all the
11 terms of this Order, and (d) request such person or persons to execute the
12 “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” that is attached hereto as Exhibit
13 A.
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15 11. INADVERTENT PRODUCTION OF PRIVILEGED OR OTHERWISE PROTECTED
16 MATERIAL
17 When a Producing Party gives notice to Receiving Parties that certain
18 inadvertently produced material is subject to a claim of privilege or other
19 protection, the obligations of the Receiving Parties are those set forth in Federal
20 Rule of Civil Procedure 26(b)(5)(B). This provision is not intended to modify
21 whatever procedure may be established in an e-discovery order that provides for
22 production without prior privilege review. Pursuant to Federal Rule of Evidence
23 502(d) and (e), insofar as the parties reach an agreement on the effect of disclosure
24 of a communication or information covered by the attorney-client privilege or
25 work product protection, the parties may incorporate their agreement in the
26 stipulated protective order submitted to the court.
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1 12. MISCELLANEOUS
2 12.1 Right to Further Relief. Nothing in this Order abridges the right of
3 any person to seek its modification by the Court in the future.
4 12.2 Right to Assert Other Objections. By stipulating to the entry of this
5 Protective Order no Party waives any right it otherwise would have to object to
6 disclosing or producing any information or item on any ground not addressed in
7 this Stipulated Protective Order. Similarly, no Party waives any right to object on
8 any ground to use in evidence of any of the material covered by this Protective
9 Order.
10 12.3 Filing Protected Material. A Party that seeks to file under seal any
11 Protected Material must comply with Civil Local Rule 79-5. Protected Material
12 may only be filed under seal pursuant to a court order authorizing the sealing of
13 the specific Protected Material at issue. If a Party's request to file Protected
14 Material under seal is denied by the court, then the Receiving Party may file the
15 information in the public record unless otherwise instructed by the court.
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17 13. FINAL DISPOSITION
18 After the final disposition of this Action, as defined in paragraph 4, within
19 60 days of a written request by the Designating Party, each Receiving Party must
20 return all Protected Material to the Producing Party or destroy such material. As
21 used in this subdivision, “all Protected Material” includes all copies, abstracts,
22 compilations, summaries, and any other format reproducing or capturing any of
23 the Protected Material. Whether the Protected Material is returned or destroyed,
24 the Receiving Party must submit a written certification to the Producing Party
25 (and, if not the same person or entity, to the Designating Party) by the 60 day
26 deadline that (1) identifies (by category, where appropriate) all the Protected
27 Material that was returned or destroyed and (2) affirms that the Receiving Party
1 || has not retained any copies, abstracts, compilations, summaries or any other
2 || format reproducing or capturing any of the Protected Material. Notwithstanding
3 || this provision, Counsel are entitled to retain an archival copy of all pleadings,
4 || motion papers, trial, deposition, and hearing transcripts, legal memoranda,
5 || correspondence, deposition and trial exhibits, expert reports, attorney work
6 || product, and consultant and expert work product, even if such materials contain
7 || Protected Material. Any such archival copies that contain or constitute Protected
8 || Material remain subject to this Protective Order as set forth in Section 4
9 || (DURATION).
10 || 14. Any willful violation of this Order may be punished by civil or criminal
11 || contempt proceedings, financial or evidentiary sanctions, reference to disciplinary
12 || authorities, or other appropriate action at the discretion of the Court.
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14 FOR GOOD CAUSE SHOWN BY THE PARTIES’ STIPULATION, IT
IS || IS SO ORDERED.
16 fuk Af
17 || DATED: August 10, 2023
18 HON. PEDRO V. CASTILLO
19 United States Magistrate Judge
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1 EXHIBIT A
2 ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND AGREEMENT TO BE BOUND
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I, _____________________________ [full name], of _________________
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[full address], declare under penalty of perjury that I have read in its entirety and
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understand the Stipulated Protective Order that was issued by the U.S. District Court
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for the Central District of California on [date] in the case of ___________ [insert
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case name and number]. I agree to comply with and to be bound by all terms of this
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Stipulated Protective Order, and I understand and acknowledge that failure to so
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comply could expose me to sanctions and punishment, including contempt. I
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solemnly promise that I will not disclose in any manner any information or item that
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is subject to this Stipulated Protective Order to any person or entity except in strict
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compliance with the provisions of this Order.
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I further agree to submit to the jurisdiction of the U.S. District Court for the
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Central District of California for the purpose of enforcing the terms of this Stipulated
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Protective Order, even if such enforcement proceedings occur after termination of this
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action. I hereby appoint __________________________ [full name] of
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_______________________________________ [full address and telephone
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number] as my California agent for service of process in connection with this action
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or any proceedings related to enforcement of this Stipulated Protective Order.
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21 Date: ______________________________________
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City and State where signed: _________________________________
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24 Printed name: _______________________________
25 Signature: __________________________________
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