even stipulated protective orders require good cause showing
How later courts described this case
- even stipulated protective orders require good cause showing
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
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8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
9 CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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11 OSCAR MEJIA, Case No. 2:23-cv-02032-SVW-E
12 Plaintiff, [PROPOSED] ORDER
APPROVING STIPULATED
13 v. PROTECTIVE ORDER
14 CREDENCE MANAGEMENT Complaint removed: March 17, 2023
SOLUTIONS; UNITED HEALTHCARE
15 INSURANCE COMPANY; and DOES 1 Trial Date: None set
to 10,
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Defendants.
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1 Having read the parties’ stipulated protective order, and for good cause shown, the
2 Court hereby APPROVES the protective order as follows:
3 1. A. PURPOSES AND LIMITATIONS
4 Discovery in this action is likely to involve production of confidential, proprietary
5 or private information for which special protection from public disclosure and from use for
6 any purpose other than prosecuting this litigation may be warranted. Accordingly, the
7 parties hereby stipulate to and petition the Court to enter the following Stipulated Protective
8 Order. The parties acknowledge that this Order does not confer blanket protections on all
9 disclosures or responses to discovery and that the protection it affords from public
10 disclosure and use extends only to the limited information or items that are entitled to
11 confidential treatment under the applicable legal principles.
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13 B. GOOD CAUSE STATEMENT
14 This action is likely to involve confidential health information, trade secrets,
15 customer and pricing lists and other valuable research, development, commercial,
16 financial, and/or proprietary information for which special protection from public
17 disclosure and from use for any purpose other than prosecution of this action is warranted.
18 Such confidential and proprietary materials and information consist of, among other things,
19 confidential business or financial information, information regarding confidential business
20 practices, or other confidential research, development, or commercial information
21 (including information implicating privacy rights of third parties), information otherwise
22 generally unavailable to the public, or which may be privileged or otherwise protected from
23 disclosure under state or federal statutes, court rules, case decisions, or common law.
24 Accordingly, to expedite the flow of information, to facilitate the prompt resolution of
25 disputes over confidentiality of discovery materials, to adequately protect information the
26 parties are entitled to keep confidential, to ensure that the parties are permitted reasonable
27 necessary uses of such material in preparation for and in the conduct of trial, to address
28 their handling at the end of the litigation, and serve the ends of justice, a protective order
1 for such information is justified in this matter. It is the intent of the parties that information
2 will not be designated as confidential for tactical reasons and that nothing be so designated
3 without a good faith belief that it has been maintained in a confidential, non-public manner,
4 and there is good cause why it should not be part of the public record of this case.
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6 C. ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF PROCEDURE FOR FILING UNDER SEAL
7 The parties further acknowledge, as set forth in Section 12.3, below, that this
8 Stipulated Protective Order does not entitle them to file confidential information under
9 seal; Local Civil Rule 79-5 sets forth the procedures that must be followed and the
10 standards that will be applied when a party seeks permission from the court to file material
11 under seal.
12 There is a strong presumption that the public has a right of access to judicial
13 proceedings and records in civil cases. In connection with non-dispositive motions, good
14 cause must be shown to support a filing under seal. See Kamakana v. City and County of
15 Honolulu, 447 F.3d 1172, 1176 (9th Cir. 2006), Phillips v. Gen. Motors Corp., 307 F.3d
16 1206, 1210-11 (9th Cir. 2002), Makar-Welbon v. Sony Electrics, Inc., 187 F.R.D. 576, 577
17 (E.D. Wis. 1999) (even stipulated protective orders require good cause showing), and a
18 specific showing of good cause or compelling reasons with proper evidentiary support and
19 legal justification, must be made with respect to Protected Material that a party seeks to
20 file under seal. The parties’ mere designation of Disclosure or Discovery Material as
21 CONFIDENTIAL does not— without the submission of competent evidence by
22 declaration, establishing that the material sought to be filed under seal qualifies as
23 confidential, privileged, or otherwise protectable—constitute good cause.
24 Further, if a party requests sealing related to a dispositive motion or trial, then
25 compelling reasons, not only good cause, for the sealing must be shown, and the relief
26 sought shall be narrowly tailored to serve the specific interest to be protected. See Pintos
27 v. Pacific Creditors Ass’n., 605 F.3d 665, 677-79 (9th Cir. 2010). For each item or type of
28 information, document, or thing sought to be filed or introduced under seal in connection
1 with a dispositive motion or trial, the party seeking protection must articulate compelling
2 reasons, supported by specific facts and legal justification, for the requested sealing order.
3 Again, competent evidence supporting the application to file documents under seal must
4 be provided by declaration.
5 Any document that is not confidential, privileged, or otherwise protectable in its
6 entirety will not be filed under seal if the confidential portions can be redacted. If
7 documents can be redacted, then a redacted version for public viewing, omitting only the
8 confidential, privileged, or otherwise protectable portions of the document, shall be filed.
9 Any application that seeks to file documents under seal in their entirety should include an
10 explanation of why redaction is not feasible.
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12 2. DEFINITIONS
13 2.1 Action: Oscar Mejia v. Credence Management Solutions, et al., Case No.
14 2:23-cv-02032-SVW-E.
15 2.2 Challenging Party A Party or Non-Party that challenges the designation of
16 information or items under this Order.
17 2.3 “CONFIDENTIAL” Information or Items: information (regardless of how it
18 is generated, stored or maintained) or tangible things that qualify for protection under
19 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(c), and as specified above in the Good Cause Statement.
20 2.4 Counsel: Outside Counsel of Record and House Counsel (as well as their
21 support staff).
22 2.5 Designating Party: a Party or Non-Party that designates information or items
23 that it produces in disclosures or in responses to discovery as “CONFIDENTIAL.”
24 2.6 Disclosure or Discovery Material: all items or information, regardless of the
25 medium or manner in which it is generated, stored, or maintained (including, among other
26 things, testimony, transcripts, and tangible things), that are produced or generated in
27 disclosures or responses to discovery in this matter.
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1 2.7 Expert: a person with specialized knowledge or experience in a matter
2 pertinent to the litigation who has been retained by a Party or its counsel to serve as an
3 expert witness or as a consultant in this Action.
4 2.8 House Counsel: attorneys who are employees of a party to this Action. House
5 Counsel does not include Outside Counsel of Record or any other outside counsel.
6 2.9 Non-Party: any natural person, partnership, corporation, association or other
7 legal entity not named as a Party to this action.
8 2.10 Outside Counsel of Record: attorneys who are not employees of a party to this
9 Action but are retained to represent or advise a party to this Action and have appeared in
10 this Action on behalf of that party or are affiliated with a law firm that has appeared on
11 behalf of that party, and includes support staff.
12 2.11 Party: any party to this Action, including all of its officers, directors, employees,
13 consultants, retained experts, and Outside Counsel of Record (and their support staffs).
14 2.12 Producing Party: a Party or Non-Party that produces Disclosure or Discovery
15 Material in this Action.
16 2.13 Professional Vendors: persons or entities that provide litigation support services
17 (e.g., photocopying, videotaping, translating, preparing exhibits or demonstrations, and
18 organizing, storing, or retrieving data in any form or medium) and their employees and
19 subcontractors.
20 2.14 Protected Material: any Disclosure or Discovery Material that is designated as
21 “CONFIDENTIAL.”
22 2.15 Receiving Party: a Party that receives Disclosure or Discovery Material from a
23 Producing Party.
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3. SCOPE
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The protections conferred by this Stipulation and Order cover not only Protected
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Material (as defined above), but also (1) any information copied or extracted from
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Protected Material; (2) all copies, excerpts, summaries, or compilations of Protected
1 Material; and (3) any testimony, conversations, or presentations by Parties or their Counsel
2 that might reveal Protected Material.
3 Any use of Protected Material at trial shall be governed by the orders of the trial
4 judge. This Order does not govern the use of Protected Material at trial.
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6 4. DURATION
7 Once a case proceeds to trial, information that was designated as CONFIDENTIAL
8 or maintained pursuant to this protective order used or introduced as an exhibit at trial
9 becomes public and will be presumptively available to all members of the public, including
10 the press, unless compelling reasons supported by specific factual findings to proceed
11 otherwise are made to the trial judge in advance of the trial. See Kamakana, 447 F.3d at
12 1180-81 (distinguishing “good cause” showing for sealing documents produced in
13 discovery from “compelling reasons” standard when merits-related documents are part of
14 court record). Accordingly, the terms of this protective order do not extend beyond the
15 commencement of the trial.
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17 5. DESIGNATING PROTECTED MATERIAL
18 5.1 Exercise of Restraint and Care in Designating Material for Protection. Each
19 Party or Non-Party that designates information or items for protection under this Order
20 must take care to limit any such designation to specific material that qualifies under the
21 appropriate standards. The Designating Party must designate for protection only those parts
22 of material, documents, items or oral or written communications that qualify so that other
23 portions of the material, documents, items or communications for which protection is not
24 warranted are not swept unjustifiably within the ambit of this Order.
25 Mass, indiscriminate or routinized designations are prohibited. Designations that are
26 shown to be clearly unjustified or that have been made for an improper purpose (e.g., to
27 unnecessarily encumber the case development process or to impose unnecessary expenses
28 and burdens on other parties) may expose the Designating Party to sanctions.
1 If it comes to a Designating Party’s attention that information or items that it
2 designated for protection do not qualify for protection, that Designating Party must
3 promptly notify all other Parties that it is withdrawing the inapplicable designation.
4 5.2 Manner and Timing of Designations. Except as otherwise provided in this
5 Order (see, e.g., second paragraph of section 5.2(a) below), or as otherwise stipulated or
6 ordered, Disclosure or Discovery Material that qualifies for protection under this Order
7 must be clearly so designated before the material is disclosed or produced.
8 Designation in conformity with this Order requires:
9 (a) for information in documentary form (e.g., paper or electronic documents, but
10 excluding transcripts of depositions or other pretrial or trial proceedings), that the
11 Producing Party affix at a minimum, the legend “CONFIDENTIAL” (hereinafter
12 “CONFIDENTIAL legend”), to each page that contains protected material. If only a
13 portion of the material on a page qualifies for protection, the Producing Party also must
14 clearly identify the protected portion(s) (e.g., by making appropriate markings in the
15 margins).
16 A Party or Non-Party that makes original documents available for inspection need
17 not designate them for protection until after the inspecting Party has indicated which
18 documents it would like copied and produced. During the inspection and before the
19 designation, all of the material made available for inspection shall be deemed
20 “CONFIDENTIAL.” After the inspecting Party has identified the documents it wants
21 copied and produced, the Producing Party must determine which documents, or portions
22 thereof, qualify for protection under this Order. Then, before producing the specified
23 documents, the Producing Party must affix the “CONFIDENTIAL legend” to each page
24 that contains Protected Material. If only a portion of the material on a page qualifies for
25 protection, the Producing Party also must clearly identify the protected portion(s) (e.g., by
26 making appropriate markings in the margins).
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1 (b) for testimony given in depositions that the Designating Party identifies the
2 Disclosure or Discovery Material on the record, before the close of the deposition all
3 protected testimony.
4 (c) for information produced in some form other than documentary and for any
5 other tangible items, that the Producing Party affix in a prominent place on the exterior of
6 the container or containers in which the information is stored the legend
7 “CONFIDENTIAL.” If only a portion or portions of the information warrants protection,
8 the Producing Party, to the extent practicable, shall identify the protected portion(s).
9 5.3 Inadvertent Failures to Designate. If timely corrected, an inadvertent failure
10 to designate qualified information or items does not, standing alone, waive the Designating
11 Party’s right to secure protection under this Order for such material. Upon timely correction
12 of a designation, the Receiving Party must make reasonable efforts to assure that the
13 material is treated in accordance with the provisions of this Order.
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15 6. CHALLENGING CONFIDENTIALITY DESIGNATIONS
16 6.1 Timing of Challenges. Any Party or Non-Party may challenge a designation of
17 confidentiality at any time that is consistent with the Court’s Scheduling Order.
18 6.2 Meet and Confer. The Challenging Party shall initiate the dispute resolution
19 process under Local Rule 37-1 et seq.
20 6.3 Joint Stipulation. Any challenge submitted to the Court shall be via a joint
21 stipulation pursuant to Local Rule 37-2.
22 6.4 The burden of persuasion in any such challenge proceeding shall be on the
23 Designating Party. Frivolous challenges, and those made for an improper purpose (e.g., to
24 harass or impose unnecessary expenses and burdens on other parties) may expose the
25 Challenging Party to sanctions. Unless the Designating Party has waived or withdrawn the
26 confidentiality designation, all parties shall continue to afford the material in question the
27 level of protection to which it is entitled under the Producing Party’s designation until the
28 Court rules on the challenge.
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2 7. ACCESS TO AND USE OF PROTECTED MATERIAL
3 7.1 Basic Principles. A Receiving Party may use Protected Material that is
4 disclosed or produced by another Party or by a Non-Party in connection with this Action
5 only for prosecuting, defending or attempting to settle this Action. Such Protected Material
6 may be disclosed only to the categories of persons and under the conditions described in
7 this Order. When the Action has been terminated, a Receiving Party must comply with the
8 provisions of section 13 below (FINAL DISPOSITION).
9 Protected Material must be stored and maintained by a Receiving Party at a location
10 and in a secure manner that ensures that access is limited to the persons authorized under
11 this Order.
12 7.2 Disclosure of “CONFIDENTIAL” Information or Items. Unless otherwise
13 ordered by the court or permitted in writing by the Designating Party, a Receiving Party
14 may disclose any information or item designated “CONFIDENTIAL” only to:
15 (a) the Receiving Party’s Outside Counsel of Record in this Action, as well as
16 employees of said Outside Counsel of Record to whom it is reasonably necessary to
17 disclose the information for this Action;
18 (b) the officers, directors, and employees (including House Counsel) of the
19 Receiving Party to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for this Action;
20 (c) Experts (as defined in this Order) of the Receiving Party to whom disclosure
21 is reasonably necessary for this Action and who have signed the “Acknowledgment and
22 Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A);
23 (d) the court and its personnel;
24 (e) court reporters and their staff;
25 (f) professional jury or trial consultants, mock jurors, and Professional Vendors
26 to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for this Action and who have signed the
27 “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A);
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1 (g) the author or recipient of a document containing the information or a custodian
2 or other person who otherwise possessed or knew the information;
3 (h) during their depositions, witnesses, and attorneys for witnesses, in the Action
4 to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary provided: (1) the deposing party requests that
5 the witness sign the form attached as Exhibit 1 hereto; and (2) they will not be permitted
6 to keep any confidential information unless they sign the “Acknowledgment and
7 Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A), unless otherwise agreed by the Designating Party or
8 ordered by the court. Pages of transcribed deposition testimony or exhibits to depositions
9 that reveal Protected Material may be separately bound by the court reporter and may not
10 be disclosed to anyone except as permitted under this Stipulated Protective Order; and
11 (i) any mediator or settlement officer, and their supporting personnel, mutually
12 agreed upon by any of the parties engaged in settlement discussions.
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14 8. PROTECTED MATERIAL SUBPOENAED OR ORDERED PRODUCED IN
15 OTHER LITIGATION
16 If a Party is served with a subpoena or a court order issued in other litigation that
17 compels disclosure of any information or items designated in this Action as
18 “CONFIDENTIAL,” that Party must:
19 (a) promptly notify in writing the Designating Party. Such notification shall
20 include a copy of the subpoena or court order;
21 (b) promptly notify in writing the party who caused the subpoena or order to issue
22 in the other litigation that some or all of the material covered by the subpoena or order is
23 subject to this Protective Order. Such notification shall include a copy of this Stipulated
24 Protective Order; and
25 (c) cooperate with respect to all reasonable procedures sought to be pursued by
26 the Designating Party whose Protected Material may be affected.
27 If the Designating Party timely seeks a protective order, the Party served with the
28 subpoena or court order shall not produce any information designated in this action as
1 “CONFIDENTIAL” before a determination by the court from which the subpoena or order
2 issued, unless the Party has obtained the Designating Party’s permission. The Designating
3 Party shall bear the burden and expense of seeking protection in that court of its
4 confidential material and nothing in these provisions should be construed as authorizing or
5 encouraging a Receiving Party in this Action to disobey a lawful directive from another
6 court.
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8 9. A NON-PARTY’S PROTECTED MATERIAL SOUGHT TO BE PRODUCED
9 IN THIS LITIGATION
10 (a) The terms of this Order are applicable to information produced by a Non-Party
11 in this Action and designated as “CONFIDENTIAL.” Such information produced by Non-
12 Parties in connection with this litigation is protected by the remedies and relief provided
13 by this Order. Nothing in these provisions should be construed as prohibiting a Non-Party
14 from seeking additional protections.
15 (b) In the event that a Party is required, by a valid discovery request, to produce
16 a Non-Party’s confidential information in its possession, and the Party is subject to an
17 agreement with the Non-Party not to produce the Non-Party’s confidential information,
18 then the Party shall:
19 (1) promptly notify in writing the Requesting Party and the Non-Party that
20 some or all of the information requested is subject to a confidentiality agreement with a
21 Non-Party;
22 (2) promptly provide the Non-Party with a copy of the Stipulated
23 Protective Order in this Action, the relevant discovery request(s), and a reasonably specific
24 description of the information requested; and
25 (3) make the information requested available for inspection by the Non-
26 Party, if requested.
27 (c) If the Non-Party fails to seek a protective order from this court within 14 days
28 of receiving the notice and accompanying information, the Receiving Party may produce
1 the Non-Party’s confidential information responsive to the discovery request. If the Non-
2 Party timely seeks a protective order, the Receiving Party shall not produce any
3 information in its possession or control that is subject to the confidentiality agreement
4 with the Non-Party before a determination by the court. Absent a court order to the
5 contrary, the Non-Party shall bear the burden and expense of seeking protection in this
6 court of its Protected Material.
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8 10. UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE OF PROTECTED MATERIAL
9 If a Receiving Party learns that, by inadvertence or otherwise, it has disclosed
10 Protected Material to any person or in any circumstance not authorized under this
11 Stipulated Protective Order, the Receiving Party must immediately (a) notify in writing
12 the Designating Party of the unauthorized disclosures, (b) use its best efforts to retrieve
13 all unauthorized copies of the Protected Material, (c) inform the person or persons to
14 whom unauthorized disclosures were made of all the terms of this Order, and (d) request
15 such person or persons to execute the “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound”
16 that is attached hereto as Exhibit A.
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18 11. INADVERTENT PRODUCTION OF PRIVILEGED OR OTHERWISE
19 PROTECTED MATERIAL
20 When a Producing Party gives notice to Receiving Parties that certain inadvertently
21 produced material is subject to a claim of privilege or other protection, the obligations of
22 the Receiving Parties are those set forth in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(b)(5)(B).
23 This provision is not intended to modify whatever procedure may be established in an e-
24 discovery order that provides for production without prior privilege review. Pursuant to
25 Federal Rule of Evidence 502(d) and (e), insofar as the parties reach an agreement on the
26 effect of disclosure of a communication or information covered by the attorney-client
27 privilege or work product protection, the parties may incorporate their agreement in the
28 stipulated protective order submitted to the court.
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2 12. MISCELLANEOUS
3 12.1 Right to Further Relief. Nothing in this Order abridges the right of any person
4 to seek its modification by the Court in the future.
5 12.2 Right to Assert Other Objections. By stipulating to the entry of this Protective
6 Order, no Party waives any right it otherwise would have to object to disclosing or
7 producing any information or item on any ground not addressed in this Stipulated
8 Protective Order. Similarly, no Party waives any right to object on any ground to use in
9 evidence of any of the material covered by this Protective Order.
10 12.3 Filing Protected Material. A Party that seeks to file under seal any Protected
11 Material must comply with Local Civil Rule 79-5. Protected Material may only be filed
12 under seal pursuant to a court order authorizing the sealing of the specific Protected
13 Material at issue. If a Party’s request to file Protected Material under seal is denied by the
14 court, then the Receiving Party may file the information in the public record unless
15 otherwise instructed by the court.
16 13. FINAL DISPOSITION
17 After the final disposition of this Action, as defined in paragraph 4, within 60 days
18 of a written request by the Designating Party, each Receiving Party must return all
19 Protected Material to the Producing Party or destroy such material. As used in this
20 subdivision, “all Protected Material” includes all copies, abstracts, compilations,
21 summaries, and any other format reproducing or capturing any of the Protected Material.
22 Whether the Protected Material is returned or destroyed, the Receiving Party must submit
23 a written certification to the Producing Party (and, if not the same person or entity, to the
24 Designating Party) by the 60 day deadline that (1) identifies (by category, where
25 appropriate) all the Protected Material that was returned or destroyed and (2) affirms that
26 the Receiving Party has not retained any copies, abstracts, compilations, summaries or
27 any other format reproducing or capturing any of the Protected Material. Notwithstanding
28 this provision, Counsel are entitled to retain an archival copy of all pleadings, motion
1 papers, trial, deposition, and hearing transcripts, legal memoranda, correspondence,
2 deposition and trial exhibits, expert reports, attorney work product, and consultant and
3 expert work product, even if such materials contain Protected Material. Any such archival
4 copies that contain or constitute Protected Material remain subject to this Protective
5 Order as set forth in Section 4 (DURATION).
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7 14. VIOLATION
8 Any violation of this Order may be punished by appropriate measures, including,
9 without limitation, contempt proceedings and/or monetary sanctions.
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1 FOR GOOD CAUSE SHOWN, IT IS SO ORDERED.
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5 Dated:__6_/2_8_/_2_3______ ______/S_/_ C__H_A__R_L_E_S__ F_._ E_I_C_K____________
6 Hon. Charles F. Eick
United States Magistrate Judge
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1 EXHIBIT A
2 ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND AGREEMENT TO BE BOUND
3 I, ___________________________________[print or type full name], of
4 _______________________[print or type full address], declare under penalty of perjury
5 that I have read in its entirety and understand the Stipulated Protective Order that was
6 issued by the United States District Court for the Central District of California
7 on [date] in the case of Oscar Mejia v. Credence Management Solutions, et al., Case No.
8 2:23-cv-02032-SVW-E.
9 I agree to comply with and to be bound by all the terms of this Stipulated Protective
10 Order and I understand and acknowledge that failure to so comply could expose me to
11 sanctions and punishment in the nature of contempt. I solemnly promise that I will not
12 disclose in any manner any information or item that is subject to this Stipulated
13 Protective Order to any person or entity except in strict compliance with the provisions of
14 this Order.
15 I further agree to submit to the jurisdiction of the United States District Court for the
16 Central District of California for enforcing the terms of this Stipulated Protective Order,
17 even if such enforcement proceedings occur after termination of this action.
18 I hereby appoint ______________________________ [print or type full name] of
19 ____________________________________________ [print or type full address and
20 telephone number] as my California agent for service of process in connection with this
21 action or any proceedings related to enforcement of this Stipulated Protective
22 Order.
23 Date: ___________________________________________
24 City and State where sworn and signed: ______________________________________
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26 Printed name: _______________________________
27 Signature: _________________________________
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95886729v.1