peace officers have constitutionally-based “privacy rights 25 [that] are not inconsequential” in their police personnel records
How later courts described this case
- peace officers have constitutionally-based “privacy rights 25 [that] are not inconsequential” in their police personnel records
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
Case 5:21-cv-00417-JWH-SP Document 56 Filed 03/24/22 Page 1 of 25 Page ID #:575
1 Eugene P. Ramirez (State Bar No. 134865)
epr@manningllp.com
2 Craig Smith (State Bar No. 265676)
gcs@manningllp.com
3 Anita K. Clarke (State Bar No. 321015)
akc@manningllp.com
4 MANNING & KASS
ELLROD, RAMIREZ, TRESTER LLP
5 801 S. Figueroa St, 15th Floor
Los Angeles, California 90017-3012
6 Telephone: (213) 624-6900
Facsimile: (213) 624-6999
7
Attorneys for Defendants, COUNTY OF
8 RIVERSIDE, DEPUTY ROBERT
ROMERO, DEPUTY RODNEY SCOTT,
9 DEPUTY JACOB PADILLA, SHERIFF
CHAD BIANCO, CAPTAIN JAMES
10 KRACHMER, MATHEW CHANG,
MEGAN S. CASTILLO, NAVAIN L.
11 WILLIAMS, and RAYMUNDO
CLAUDIO
12
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
13
CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA, WESTERN DIVISION
14
15
SYLVIA ARISPE, an individual and Case No. 5:21-CV-00417-JWH(SPx)
16 successor-in-interest of CARLOS
ALEXANDER, deceased; [Assigned to the Honorable John W.
17 Holcomb, Magistrate, Sheri Pym]
Plaintiff,
18
v.
19 PROTECTIVE ORDER RE
COUNTY OF RIVERSIDE,; DEPUTY CONFIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS
20 VICTOR ROMERO, #N6924;
DEPUTY RODNEY SCOTT, #N4086;
21 DEPUTY JACOB PADILLA, #5967;
SHERIFF CHAD BIANCO; CAPTAIN
22 JAMES KRACHMER; MATHEW
CHANG; MEGAN S. CASTILLO;
23 NAVAIN L. WILLIAMS;
RAYMUNDO CLAUDIO;
24 JAQUELINE HERNANDEZ, a
nominal defendant,
25
Defendant.
26
27 Complaint Filed: 3/8/2021
28
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1 PURSUANT TO THE STIPULATION OF THE PARTIES (“Stipulation for
2 Entry of Protective Order re Confidential Documents”), and pursuant to the Court’s
3 inherent and statutory authority, including but not limited to the Court’s authority
4 under the applicable Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and the United States District
5 Court, Central District of California Local Rules; after due consideration of all of the
6 relevant pleadings, papers, and records in this action; and upon such other evidence
7 or argument as was presented to the Court; Good Cause appearing therefor, and in
8 furtherance of the interests of justice,
9 IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that:
10
1. A. PURPOSES AND LIMITATIONS.
11
Disclosure and discovery activity in this action are likely to involve production
12
of confidential, proprietary, or private information for which special protection from
13
public disclosure and from use for any purpose other than prosecuting or defending
14
this litigation would be warranted. Accordingly, the parties hereby stipulate to and
15
petition the court to enter the following Order.
16
The parties acknowledge that the Stipulation and associated Order do not
17
confer blanket protections on all disclosures or responses to discovery and that the
18
protection the Order affords extends only to the specified information or items that
19
are entitled to treatment as confidential.
20
The parties further acknowledge, as set forth below, that the Stipulation and
21
Order create no entitlement to file confidential information under seal; Central District
22
Local Rules 79-5.1 and 79-5.2 sets forth the procedures that must be followed and
23
reflects the standards that will be applied when a party seeks permission from the
24
court to file material under seal.
25
Nothing in the Stipulation or associated Order shall be construed so as to
26
require or mandate that any Party disclose or produce privileged information or
27
records that could be designated as Confidential Documents/Protected Material
28
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1 hereunder.
2 B. GOOD CAUSE STATEMENT.
3 1.1. Contentions re Harm from Disclosure of Confidential Materials.
4 Defendants contend that there is good cause and a particularized need for a
5 protective order to preserve the interests of confidentiality and privacy in peace officer
6 personnel file records and associated investigative or confidential records for the
7 following reasons. This action is likely to involve confidential peace officer personnel
8 file documents, as well as personal identifying information of third party witnesses
9 (i.e. addresses, telephone numbers, etc.), for which special protection from public
10 disclosure and from use for any purpose other than prosecution of this action is
11 warranted. Such confidential and proprietary materials and information consist of,
12 among other things, personnel file information, otherwise generally unavailable to the
13 public, or which may be privileged or otherwise protected from disclosure under state
14 or federal statutes, court rules, case decisions, or common law.
15 First, Defendants contend that peace officers have a federal privilege of privacy
16 in their personnel file records: a reasonable expectation of privacy therein that is
17 underscored, specified, and arguably heightened by the Pitchess protective procedure
18 of California law. See Sanchez v. Santa Ana Police Dept., 936 F.2d 1027, 1033-1034
19 (9th Cir. 1990); Hallon v. City of Stockton, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 14665, *2-3, 12-
20 13 (E.D. Cal. 2012) (concluding that “while “[f]ederal law applies to privilege based
21 discovery disputes involving federal claims,” the “state privilege law which is
22 consistent with its federal equivalent significantly assists in applying [federal]
23 privilege law to discovery disputes”); Soto v. City of Concord, 162 F.R.D. 603, 613
24 n. 4, 616 (N.D. Cal. 1995) (peace officers have constitutionally-based “privacy rights
25 [that] are not inconsequential” in their police personnel records); cf. Cal. Penal Code
26 §§ 832.7, 832.8; Cal. Evid. Code §§ 1040-1047. Defendants further contend that
27 uncontrolled disclosure of such personnel file information can threaten the safety of
28 non-party witnesses, officers, and their families/associates.
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1 Second, Defendants contend that municipalities and law enforcement agencies
2 have federal deliberative-executive process privilege, federal official information
3 privilege, federal law enforcement privilege, and federal attorney-client privilege
4 (and/or attorney work product protection) interests in the personnel files of their peace
5 officers – particularly as to those portions of peace officer personnel files that contain
6 critical self-analysis, internal deliberation/decision-making or evaluation/analysis, or
7 communications for the purposes of obtaining or rendering legal advice or analysis –
8 potentially including but not limited to evaluative/analytical portions of Internal
9 Affairs type records or reports, evaluative/analytical portions of supervisory records
10 or reports, and/or reports prepared at the direction of counsel, or for the purpose of
11 obtaining or rendering legal advice. See Sanchez, 936 F.2d at 1033-1034; Maricopa
12 Audubon Soc’y v. United States Forest Serv., 108 F.3d 1089, 1092-1095 (9th Cir.
13 1997); Soto, 162 F.R.D. at 613, 613 n. 4; Kelly v. City of San Jose, 114 F.R.D. 654,
14 668-671 (N.D. Cal. 1987); Tuite v. Henry, 181 F.R.D. 175, 176-177 (D. D.C. 1998);
15 Hamstreet v. Duncan, 2007 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 89702 (D. Or. 2007); Admiral Ins. Co.
16 v. United States Dist. Ct., 881 F.2d 1486, 1492, 1495 (9th Cir. 1988). Defendants
17 further contend that such personnel file records are restricted from disclosure by the
18 public entity’s custodian of records pursuant to applicable California law and that
19 uncontrolled release is likely to result in needless intrusion of officer privacy;
20 impairment in the collection of third-party witness information and statements
21 and related legitimate law enforcement investigations/interests; and a chilling of
22 open and honest discussion regarding and/or investigation into alleged
23 misconduct that can erode a public entity’s ability to identify and/or implement
24 any remedial measures that may be required.
25 Third, Defendants contend that, since peace officers do not have the same rights
26 as other private citizens to avoid giving compelled statements, it is contrary to the
27 fundamental principles of fairness to permit uncontrolled release of officers’
28 compelled statements. See generally Lybarger v. City of Los Angeles, 40 Cal.3d 822,
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1 828-830 (1985); cf. U.S. Const., amend V.
2 Accordingly, Defendants contend that, without a protective order preventing
3 such, production of confidential records in the case can and will likely substantially
4 impair and harm defendant public entity’s interests in candid self-critical analysis,
5 frank internal deliberations, obtaining candid information from witnesses, preserving
6 the safety of witnesses, preserving the safety of peace officers and peace officers’
7 families and associates, protecting the privacy officers of peace officers, and
8 preventing pending investigations from being detrimentally undermined by
9 publication of private, sensitive, or confidential information – as can and often does
10 result in litigation.
11 1.2. Plaintiff does not agree with and does not stipulate to Defendants’
12 contentions herein above, and nothing in the Stipulation or its associated Order shall
13 resolve the parties’ disagreement, or bind them, concerning the legal statements and
14 claimed privileges set forth above.
15 However, plaintiff agrees that there is Good Cause for a Protective Order so as
16 to preserve the respective interests of the parties without the need to further burden
17 the Court with such issues. Specifically, the parties jointly contend that, absent the
18 Stipulation and its associated Protective Order, the parties' respective privilege
19 interests may be impaired or harmed, and that the Stipulation and its associated
20 Protective Order may avoid such harm by permitting the parties to facilitate discovery
21 with reduced risk that privileged and/or sensitive/confidential information will
22 become matters of public record.
23 1.3. The parties jointly contend that there is typically a particularized need
24 for protection as to any medical or psychotherapeutic records and autopsy
25 photographs, because of the privacy interests at stake therein. Because of these
26 sensitive interests, a Court Order should address these documents rather than a private
27 agreement between the parties.
28 1.4. The parties therefore stipulate that there is Good Cause for, and hereby
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1 jointly request that the honorable Court issue/enter, a Protective Order re confidential
2 documents consistent with the terms and provisions of the Stipulation. However, the
3 entry of a Protective Order by the Court pursuant to the Stipulation shall not be
4 construed as any ruling by the Court on the aforementioned legal statements or
5 privilege claims in this section (§ 1), nor shall this section be construed as part of any
6 such Court Order.
7 2. DEFINITIONS.
8 2.1. Action: This pending federal lawsuit Case Number 5:21-CV-00417.
9 2.2. Party: any party to this action, including all of its officers, directors,
10 employees, agents, consultants, retained experts, house counsel and outside counsel
11 (and/or the support staff thereof).
12 2.3 Challenging Party: a Party or Non-Party that challenges the
13 designation of information or items under this Order.
14 2.4 “CONFIDENTIAL” Information or Items: information (regardless of
15 the medium or how generated, stored, or maintained) or tangible things that qualify
16 for protection under standards developed under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(c)
17 and/or applicable federal privileges. This material includes, but is not limited to,
18 medical records, psychotherapeutic records, and autopsy photographs; as well as
19 peace officer personnel records as defined by California Penal Code sections 832.8,
20 832.5, 832.7 and the associated case law; and other similar confidential records
21 designated as such.
22 2.5 Counsel (without qualifier): Outside Counsel and House Counsel (as
23 well as their support staffs).
24 2.6 Designating Party: a Party or non-party public entity employer of a Party
25 that designates information or items that it produces in disclosures or in responses to
26 discovery as “CONFIDENTIAL.”
27 2.7 Disclosure or Discovery Material: all items or information, regardless
28 of the medium or manner generated, stored or maintained (including, among other
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1 things, testimony, transcripts, or tangible things) that are produced – or generated in
2 disclosures or responses to discovery – by any Party in this matter.
3 2.8 Expert: a person with specialized knowledge or experience in a matter
4 pertinent to the litigation who has been retained by a Party or its counsel to serve as
5 an expert witness or as a consultant in this Action.
6 2.9 House Counsel: attorneys who are employees of a Party (as well as their
7 support staffs).
8 2.10 Non-Party: any natural person, partnership, corporation, association, or
9 other legal entity not named as a Party to this action.
10 2.11 Outside Counsel: attorneys who are not employees of a Party but who
11 are retained to represent or advise a Party in this action (as well as their support staff).
12 2.12 Party: any party to this Action, including all of its officers, directors,
13 employees, consultants, retained experts, and Outside Counsel (and their support
14 staffs).
15 2.13 Producing Party: a Party or non-party that produces Disclosure or
16 Discovery Material in this action, including a Party that is defending a deposition
17 noticed or subpoenaed by another Party; additionally, for the limited purpose of
18 designating testimony subject to the Stipulation and Order pursuant to section 6.2(b)
19 (infra), a “Producing Party” shall also be construed to include a Party that is attending
20 and/or participating in a non-party deposition noticed/subpoenaed by another Party.
21 2.14 Professional Vendors: persons or entities that provide litigation support
22 services (e.g., photocopying; videotaping; translating; preparing exhibits or
23 demonstrations; and/or organizing, storing, retrieving data in any form or medium;
24 etc.); and their employees and subcontractors.
25 2.15 Protected Material: any Disclosure or Discovery Material that is
26 designated as “CONFIDENTIAL” under the provisions of the Stipulation and
27 Protective Order. (The term “Confidential Document” shall be synonymous with the
28 term “Protected Material” for the purposes of the Stipulation and any associated
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1 Protective Order.)
2 2.16 Receiving Party: a Party that receives Disclosure or Discovery Material
3 from a Producing Party, including a Party that has noticed or subpoenaed and is taking
4 a deposition or comparable testimony.
5 3. SCOPE OF PROTECTION.
6 The protections conferred by the Stipulation and its associated Order cover not
7 only Protected Material/Confidential Documents (as defined above), but also (1) any
8 information copied or extracted from Protected Material; (2) all copies, excerpts,
9 summaries, or compilations of Protected Material; and (3) any testimony,
10 conversations, or presentations by Parties or their Counsel that might reveal Protected
11 Material. However, the protections conferred by the Stipulation and its associated
12 Order do not cover the following information: (a) any information that is in the public
13 domain at the time of disclosure to a Receiving Party or becomes part of the public
14 domain after its disclosure to a Receiving Party as a result of publication not involving
15 a violation of this Order, including becoming part of the public record through trial or
16 otherwise; and (b) any information known to the Receiving Party prior to the
17 disclosure or obtained by the Receiving Party after the disclosure from a source who
18 obtained the information lawfully and under no obligation of confidentiality to the
19 Designating Party.
20 Except to the extent specified herein (if any), any use of Protected Material at
21 trial shall not be governed by this Order, but may be governed by a separate agreement
22 or order.
23 Any use of Protected Material at trial shall be governed by the Orders of the
24 trial judge: the Stipulation and its associated Protective Order do(es) not govern the
25 use of Protected Material at trial.
26 4. DURATION OF PROTECTION.
27 Even after final disposition of this litigation, the confidentiality obligations
28 imposed by this Order shall remain in effect until a Designating Party agrees
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1 otherwise in writing or a court order otherwise directs. Final disposition shall be
2 deemed to be the later of (1) dismissal of all claims and defenses in this action, with
3 or without prejudice; and (2) final judgment herein after the completion and
4 exhaustion of all appeals, rehearings, remands, trials, or reviews of this action,
5 including the time limits for filing any motions or applications for extension of time
6 pursuant to applicable law.
7 5. DESIGNATION OF PROTECTED MATERIAL/CONFIDENTIAL
8 DOCUMENTS.
9 5.1. Exercise of Restraint and Care in Designating Material for Protection.
10 Each Party or non-party that designates information or items for protection
11 under the Stipulation and its associated Order must take care to limit any such
12 designation to specific material that qualifies under the appropriate standards. A
13 Designating Party must take care to designate for protection only those parts of
14 material, documents, items, or oral or written communications that qualify – so that
15 other portions of the material, documents, items or communications for which
16 protection is not warranted are not swept unjustifiably within the ambit of this Order.
17 Mass, indiscriminate, or routine designations are prohibited. Designations that
18 are shown to be clearly unjustified, or that have been made for an improper purpose
19 (e.g., to unnecessarily encumber or retard the case development process, or to impose
20 unnecessary expenses and burdens on other parties), expose the Designating Party to
21 sanctions.
22 If it comes to a Party’s or a non-party’s attention that information or items that
23 it designated for protection do not qualify for protection at all, or do not qualify for
24 the level of protection initially asserted, that Party or non-party must promptly notify
25 all other parties that it is withdrawing the mistaken designation.
26 5.2. Manner and Timing of Designations. Except as otherwise provided in
27 this Order, or as otherwise stipulated or ordered, material that qualifies for protection
28 under this Order must be clearly so designated before the material is disclosed or
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1 produced.
2 Designation in conformity with this Order requires:
3 (a) for information in documentary form (apart from transcripts of
4 depositions or other pretrial or trial proceedings, and regardless of whether produced
5 in hardcopy or electronic form), that the Producing Party affix the legend
6 “CONFIDENTIAL” to each page that contains Protected Material. If only a portion
7 or portions of the material on a page qualifies for protection, the Producing Party also
8 must clearly identify the protected portion(s) (e.g., by making appropriate markings
9 in the margins) and must specify, for each portion that it is “CONFIDENTIAL.” The
10 placement of such “CONFIDENTIAL” stamp on such page(s) shall not obstruct the
11 substance of the page’s (or pages’) text or content.
12 A Party or Non-Party that makes original documents or materials available for
13 inspection need not designate them for protection until after the inspecting Party has
14 indicated which material it would like copied and produced. During the inspection
15 and before the designation, all of the material made available for inspection shall be
16 deemed “CONFIDENTIAL.” After the inspecting Party has identified the documents
17 it wants copied and produced, the Producing Party must determine which documents,
18 or portions thereof, qualify for protection under this Order. Then, before producing
19 the specified documents, the Producing Party must affix the “CONFIDENTIAL”
20 legend to each page that contains Protected Material. If only a portion or portions of
21 the material on a page qualifies for protection, the Producing Party also must clearly
22 identify the protected portion(s) (e.g., by making appropriate markings in the
23 margins).
24 (b) for testimony given in deposition or in other pretrial or trial proceedings,
25 that the Party or non-party offering or sponsoring the testimony identify on the record,
26 before the close of the deposition, hearing, or other proceeding, all protected
27 testimony, and further specify any portions of the testimony that qualify as
28 “CONFIDENTIAL.” When it is impractical to identify separately each portion of
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1 testimony that is entitled to protection, and when it appears that substantial portions
2 of the testimony may qualify for protection, the Producing Party may invoke on the
3 record (before the deposition or proceeding is concluded) a right to have up to twenty
4 (20) days to identify the specific portions of the testimony as “CONFIDENTIAL.”
5 Only those portions of the testimony that are appropriately designated as
6 “CONFIDENTIAL” for protection within the 20 days shall be covered by the
7 provisions of this Stipulation and its associated Protective Order.
8 The court reporter must affix to each such transcript page containing Protected
9 Material the legend “CONFIDENTIAL,” as instructed by the Producing Party.
10 (c) for information produced in some form other than documentary, and for
11 any other tangible items (including but not limited to information produced on disc or
12 electronic data storage device), that the Producing Party affix in a prominent place on
13 the exterior of the container or containers in which the information or item is stored
14 the legend “CONFIDENTIAL.” If only portions of the information or item warrant
15 protection, the Producing Party, to the extent practicable, shall identify the protected
16 portions, specifying the material as “CONFIDENTIAL.”
17 5.3. Inadvertent Failures to Designate. If timely corrected (preferably,
18 though not necessarily, within 30 days of production or disclosure of such material),
19 an inadvertent failure to designate qualified information or items as
20 “CONFIDENTIAL” does not, standing alone, waive the Designating Party’s right to
21 secure protection under this Stipulation and its associated Order for such material.
22 If material is appropriately designated as “CONFIDENTIAL” after the material
23 was initially produced, the Receiving Party, on timely notification of the designation,
24 must make reasonable efforts to assure that the material is treated in accordance with
25 this Stipulation and its associated Order.
26 5.4. Alteration of Confidentiality Stamp Prohibited. A Receiving Party shall
27 not alter, edit, or modify any Protected Material so as to conceal, obscure, or remove
28 a “CONFIDENTIAL” stamp or legend thereon; nor shall a Receiving Party take any
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1 other action so as to make it appear that Protected Material is not subject to the terms
2 and provisions of this Stipulation and its associated Order. However, nothing in this
3 section shall be construed so as to prevent a Receiving Party from challenging a
4 confidentiality designation subject to the provisions of section 6, infra.
5 6. CHALLENGING CONFIDENTIALITY DESIGNATIONS.
6 6.1. Timing of Challenges. Any Party or Non-Party may challenge a
7 designation of confidentiality at any time that is consistent with the Court's
8 Scheduling Order. Unless a prompt challenge to a Designating Party’s confidentiality
9 designation is necessary to avoid foreseeable substantial unfairness, unnecessary
10 economic burdens, or a later significant disruption or delay of the litigation, a Party
11 does not waive its right to challenge a confidentiality designation by electing not to
12 mount a challenge promptly after the original designation is disclosed.
13 6.2. Meet and Confer. Prior to challenging a confidentiality designation, a
14 Challenging Party shall initiate a dispute resolution process by providing written
15 notice of each specific designation it is challenging, and describing the basis (and
16 supporting authority or argument) for each challenge. To avoid ambiguity as to
17 whether a challenge has been made, the written notice must recite that the challenge
18 to confidentiality is being made in accordance with this specific paragraph of the
19 associated Protective Order. The parties shall attempt to resolve each challenge in
20 good faith and must begin the process by conferring directly (in voice to voice
21 dialogue, either in person, telephonically, or by other comparable means, but not by
22 correspondence) within 14 days of the date of service of notice.
23 In conferring, the Challenging Party must explain the specific basis for its belief
24 that the confidentiality designation was not proper and must give the Designating
25 Party an opportunity to review the designated material, to reconsider the
26 circumstances, and, if no change in designation is offered, to explain the basis for the
27 chosen designation. A Challenging Party may proceed to the next stage of the
28 challenge process only if it has engaged in this meet and confer process first or
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1 establishes that the Designating Party is unwilling to participate in the meet and confer
2 process in a timely manner.
3 Frivolous challenges, and those challenges made for an improper purpose (e.g.,
4 to harass or impose unnecessary expenses and burdens on other parties), may expose
5 the Challenging Party to sanctions.
6 6.3. Judicial Intervention. If the Parties cannot resolve a confidentiality
7 challenge without court intervention, the Challenging Party shall file and serve a
8 motion to remove confidentiality (under the applicable rules for filing and service of
9 discovery motions) within 14 days of the parties agreeing that the meet and confer
10 process will not resolve their dispute, or by the first day of trial of this matter,
11 whichever date is earlier – unless the parties agree in writing to a longer time.
12 The parties must strictly comply with Central District Local Rules 37-1 and 37-
13 2 (including the joint stipulation re discovery dispute requirement) in any motion
14 associated with this Protective Order.
15 Each such motion must be accompanied by a competent declaration affirming
16 that the movant has complied with the meet and confer requirements imposed in the
17 preceding paragraph. In addition, the Challenging Party may file a motion
18 challenging a confidentiality designation at any time if there is good cause for doing
19 so, including a challenge to the designation of a deposition transcript or any portions
20 thereof. Any motion brought pursuant to this provision must be accompanied by a
21 competent declaration affirming that the movant has complied with the meet and
22 confer requirements imposed by the preceding paragraph.
23 The burden of persuasion in any such challenge proceeding shall be on the
24 Designating Party, regardless of whether the Designating Party is the moving party or
25 whether such Party sought or opposes judicial intervention. Frivolous challenges, and
26 those made for an improper purpose (e.g., to harass or impose unnecessary expenses
27 and burdens on other parties) may expose the Challenging Party to sanctions. Unless
28 the Designating Party has waived the confidentiality designation by failing to oppose
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1 a motion to remove confidentiality as described above, all parties shall continue to
2 afford the material in question the level of protection to which it is entitled under the
3 Producing Party’s designation until the court rules on the challenge.
4 6.4. Withdrawal of “CONFIDENTIAL” Designation. At its discretion, a
5 Designating Party may remove Protected Material/Confidential Documents from
6 some or all of the protections and provisions of the Stipulation and its associated
7 Order at any time by any of the following methods:
8 (a) Express Written Withdrawal. A Designating Party may withdraw a
9 “CONFIDENTIAL” designation made to any specified Protected Material
10 /Confidential Documents from some or all of the protections of the Stipulation and its
11 associated Order by an express withdrawal in a writing signed by such Party (or such
12 Party’s Counsel, but not including staff of such Counsel) that specifies and itemizes
13 the Disclosure or Discovery Material previously designated as Protected
14 Material/Confidential Documents that shall no longer be subject to all or some of the
15 provisions of the Stipulation and Order. Such express withdrawal shall be effective
16 when transmitted or served upon the Receiving Party. If a Designating Party is
17 withdrawing Protected Material from only some of the provisions/ protections of the
18 Stipulation and Order, such Party must state which specific provisions are no longer
19 to be enforced as to the specified material for which confidentiality protection
20 hereunder is withdrawn: otherwise, such withdrawal shall be construed as a
21 withdrawal of such material from all of the protections/provisions of this Stipulation
22 and Order;
23 (b) Express Withdrawal on the Record. A Designating Party may withdraw
24 a “CONFIDENTIAL” designation made to any specified Protected
25 Material/Confidential Documents from all of the provisions/protections of the
26 Stipulation and its associated Order by verbally consenting in court proceedings on
27 the record to such withdrawal – provided that such withdrawal specifies the
28 Disclosure or Discovery Material previously designated as Protected Material/
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1 Confidential Documents that shall no longer be subject to any of the provisions of the
2 Stipulation and Order. A Designating Party is not permitted to withdraw Protected
3 Material from only some of the protections/provisions of the Stipulation and Order by
4 this method;
5 (c) Implicit Withdrawal by Publication or Failure to Oppose Challenge. A
6 Designating Party shall be construed to have withdrawn a “CONFIDENTIAL”
7 designation made to any specified Protected Material/Confidential Documents from
8 all of the provisions/protections of the Stipulation and Order by either (1) making
9 such Protected Material/Confidential Records part of the public record – including
10 but not limited to attaching such as exhibits to any filing with the court without
11 moving, prior to such filing, for the court to seal such records; or (2) failing to timely
12 oppose a Challenging Party’s motion to remove a “CONFIDENTIAL” designation to
13 specified Protected Material/Confidential Documents. Nothing in the Stipulation and
14 Order shall be construed so as to require any Party to file Protected
15 Material/Confidential Documents under seal, unless expressly specified herein.
16 7. ACCESS TO AND USE OF PROTECTED MATERIAL.
17 7.1. Basic Principles. A Receiving Party may use Protected Material that is
18 disclosed or produced by another Party or by a non-party in connection with this case
19 only for preparing, prosecuting, defending, or attempting to settle this litigation – up
20 to and including final disposition of the above-entitled action – and not for any other
21 purpose, including any other litigation or dispute outside the scope of this action.
22 Such Protected Material may be disclosed only to the categories of persons and under
23 the conditions described in the Stipulation and its associated Order. When the above
24 entitled litigation has been terminated, a Receiving Party must comply with the
25 provisions of section 11, below (FINAL DISPOSITION).
26 Protected Material must be stored and maintained by a Receiving Party at a
27 location and in a secure manner that ensures that access is limited to the persons
28 authorized under the Stipulation and its Order.
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1 7.2. Disclosure of “CONFIDENTIAL” Information or Items. Unless
2 otherwise ordered by the Court or permitted in writing by the Designating Party, a
3 Receiving Party may disclose any information or item designated CONFIDENTIAL
4 only to:
5 (a) the Receiving Party’s Outside Counsel of record in this action, as well
6 as employees of such Counsel to whom it is reasonably necessary to disclose the
7 information for this litigation;
8 (b) the officers, directors, and employees (including House Counsel) of the
9 Receiving Party to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for this litigation – each
10 of whom, by accepting receipt of such Protected Material, thereby agree to be bound
11 by the Stipulation and Order;
12 (c) Experts (as defined in this Stipulation and Order) of the Receiving Party
13 to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for this litigation – each of whom, by
14 accepting receipt of such Protected Material, thereby agree to be bound by the
15 Stipulation and Order;
16 (d) the court and its personnel;
17 (e) court reporters, their staff, and Professional Vendors to whom disclosure
18 is reasonably necessary for this litigation – each of whom, by accepting receipt of
19 such Protected Material, thereby agree to be bound by the Stipulation and Order;
20 (f) during their depositions, witnesses in the action to whom disclosure is
21 reasonably necessary – each of whom, by accepting receipt of such Protected
22 Material, thereby agree to be bound by this Stipulation and Order. Pages of
23 transcribed deposition testimony or exhibits to depositions that reveal Protected
24 Material must have a confidential designation affixed by the court reporter to such
25 pages containing Protected Material and such may not be disclosed to anyone except
26 as permitted under the Stipulation and its Protective Order.
27 (g) the author or custodian of a document containing the information that
28 constitutes Protected Material, or other person who otherwise possessed or knew the
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1 information.
2 7.3. Notice of Confidentiality. Prior to producing or disclosing Protected
3 Material/Confidential Documents to persons to whom the Stipulation and its Order
4 permits disclosure or production (see section 8.2, supra), a Receiving Party shall
5 provide a copy of the Stipulation and Order to such persons so as to put such persons
6 on notice as to the restrictions imposed upon them herein: except that, for court
7 reporters, Professional Vendors, and for witnesses being provided with Protected
8 Material during a deposition, it shall be sufficient notice for Counsel for the Receiving
9 Party to give the witness a verbal admonition (on the record, for witnesses) regarding
10 the provisions of the Stipulation and its Order and such provisions’ applicability to
11 specified Protected Material at issue.
12 7.4. Reservation of Rights. Nothing in the Stipulation and Order shall be
13 construed so as to require any Producing Party to designate any records or materials
14 as “CONFIDENTIAL.” Nothing in the Stipulation and Order shall be construed so
15 as to prevent the admission of Protected Material into evidence at the trial of this
16 action, or in any appellate proceedings for this action, solely on the basis that such
17 Disclosure or Discovery Material has been designated as Protected
18 Material/Confidential Documents. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in the
19 Stipulation and Order shall be construed as a waiver of any privileges or of any rights
20 to object to the use or admission into evidence of any Protected Material in any
21 proceeding; nor shall anything herein be construed as a concession that any privileges
22 asserted or objections made are valid or applicable. Nothing in the Stipulation and
23 Order shall be construed so as to prevent the Designating Party (or its Counsel or
24 custodian of records) from having access to and using Protected Material designated
25 by that Party in the manner in which such persons or entities would typically use such
26 materials in the normal course of their duties or profession – except that the waiver of
27 confidentiality provisions shall apply (see section 6.4(c), supra).
28 7.5. Requirement to File Confidential Documents Under Seal. Confidential
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1 Documents may be submitted in all law and motion proceedings before the Court if
2 done so with an application to file under seal pursuant to Federal Rules of Civil
3 Procedure 5.2 and 26 and United States District Court, Central District of California
4 Local Rules 79-5.1 and 79-5.2 (as applicable) and pursuant to the provisions of the
5 Stipulation and associated Order. If any Receiving Party attaches any Confidential
6 Documents to any pleading, motion, or other paper to be filed, lodged, or otherwise
7 submitted to the Court, such Confidential Document(s) shall be filed/lodged with an
8 application to seal pursuant to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 5.2 and 26 and United
9 States District Court, Central District of California Local Rules 79-5.1 and 79-5.2 to
10 the extent applicable.
11 However, this paragraph (¶ 7.5) shall not be construed so as to prevent a
12 Designating Party or counsel from submitting, filing, lodging, or publishing any
13 document it has previously designated as a Confidential Document without
14 compliance with this paragraph’s requirement to do so under seal (i.e., a producing-
15 disclosing party or counsel may submit or publish its own Confidential Documents
16 without being in violation of the terms of the Stipulation and its Protective Order).
17 Furthermore, a Receiving Party shall be exempted from the requirements of
18 this paragraph as to any specifically identified Confidential Document(s) where –
19 prior to the submission or publication of the Confidential Document(s) at issue – the
20 Designating Party of such specifically identified Confidential Document(s) has
21 waived/withdrawn the protections of this Stipulation and its Order (pursuant to
22 paragraph 6.4, supra).
23 A Receiving Party shall also be exempt from the sealing requirements of this
24 paragraph (¶ 7.5) where the Confidential Documents/Protected Material at issue is/are
25 not documents, records, or information regarding or incorporating:
26 (1) private, personal information contained in peace officer personnel files
27 (such as social security numbers, driver’s license numbers or comparable personal
28 government identification numbers, residential addresses, compensation or pension
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1 or personal property information, credit card numbers or credit information, dates of
2 birth, tax records and information, information related to the identity of an officer’s
3 family members or co-residents, and comparable personal information about the
4 officer or his family);
5 (2) any internal affairs or comparable investigation by any law enforcement
6 agency into alleged officer misconduct; and/or
7 (3) the medical records or records of psychiatric or psychological treatment
8 of any peace officer or party to this action.
9 Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to bind the Court or its authorized
10 staff so as to limit or prevent the publication of any Confidential Documents to the
11 jury or factfinder, at the time of trial of this matter, where the Court has deemed such
12 Confidential Documents to be admissible into evidence. Again, this Order does not
13 govern the use of Protected Material at trial.
14 8. PROTECTED MATERIAL SUBPOENAED OR ORDERED
15 PRODUCED IN OTHER LITIGATION.
16 If a Party is served with a subpoena or a court order issued in other litigation
17 that compels disclosure of any information or items designated in this action as
18 “CONFIDENTIAL,” that Party must:
19 (a) promptly notify in writing the Designating Party, preferably (though not
20 necessarily) by facsimile or electronic mail. Such notification shall include a copy of
21 the subpoena or court order at issue;
22 (b) promptly notify in writing the party who caused the subpoena or order to
23 issue in the other litigation that some or all of the material covered by the subpoena
24 or order is subject to the Stipulation and Protective Order. Such notification shall
25 include a copy of this Protective Order; and
26 (c) cooperate with respect to all reasonable procedures sought to be pursued
27 by all sides in any such situation, while adhering to the terms of the Stipulation and
28 Order.
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1 If the Designating Party timely seeks a protective order, the Party served with
2 the subpoena or court order shall not produce any information designated in this action
3 as “CONFIDENTIAL” before a determination by the court from which the subpoena
4 or order issued, unless the Party has obtained the Designating Party’s permission. The
5 Designating Party shall bear the burden and expense of seeking protection in that court
6 of its confidential material – and nothing in these provisions should be construed as
7 authorizing or encouraging a Receiving Party in this action to disobey a lawful
8 directive from another court.
9 The purpose of this section is to ensure that the affected Party has a meaningful
10 opportunity to preserve its confidentiality interests in the court from which the
11 subpoena or court order issued.
12 9. A NON-PARTY’S PROTECTED MATERIAL SOUGHT TO BE
13 PRODUCED IN THIS LITIGATION
14 (a) The terms of this Order are applicable to information produced by a
15 Non-Party in this Action and designated as “CONFIDENTIAL.” Such information
16 produced by Non-Parties in connection with this litigation is protected by the
17 remedies and relief provided by this Order. Nothing in these provisions should be
18 construed as prohibiting a Non-Party from seeking additional protections.
19 (b) In the event that a Party is required, by a valid discovery request, to
20 produce a Non-Party’s confidential information in its possession, and the Party is
21 subject to an agreement with the Non-Party not to produce the Non-Party’s
22 confidential information, then the Party shall:
23 (1) promptly notify in writing the Requesting Party and the Non-Party
24 that some or all of the information requested is subject to a confidentiality agreement
25 with a Non-Party;
26 (2) promptly provide the Non-Party with a copy of the Stipulated
27 Protective Order in this Action, the relevant discovery request(s), and a reasonably
28 specific description of the information requested; and
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1 (3) make the information requested available for inspection by the
2 Non-Party, if requested.
3 (c) If the Non-Party fails to seek a protective order from this court within 14
4 days of receiving the notice and accompanying information, the Receiving Party may
5 produce the Non-Party’s confidential information responsive to the discovery request.
6 If the Non-Party timely seeks a protective order, the Receiving Party shall not produce
7 any information in its possession or control that is subject to the confidentiality
8 agreement with the Non-Party before a determination by the court. Absent a court
9 order to the contrary, the Non-Party shall bear the burden and expense of seeking
10 protection in this court of its Protected Material.
11 10. UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE OF PROTECTED MATERIAL.
12 10.1. Unauthorized Disclosure of Protected Material.
13 If a Receiving Party learns that, by inadvertence or otherwise, it has disclosed
14 Protected Material to any person or in any circumstance not authorized under the
15 Stipulation and Order, the Receiving Party must immediately:
16 (a) notify in writing the Designating Party of the unauthorized disclosures;
17 (b) use its best efforts to retrieve all copies of the Protected Material;
18 (c) inform the person or persons to whom unauthorized disclosures were made
19 of all the terms of this Order; and
20 (d) request such person or persons consent to be bound by the Stipulation and
21 Order.
22 10.2. Inadvertent Production of Privileged or Otherwise Protected Material.
23 When a Producing Party gives notice to Receiving Parties that certain
24 inadvertently produced material is subject to a claim of privilege or other protection,
25 the obligations of the Receiving Parties are those set forth in Federal Rule of Civil
26 Procedure 26(b)(5)(B). This provision is not intended to modify whatever procedure
27 may be established in an e-discovery order that provides for production without prior
28 privilege review. Pursuant to Federal Rule of Evidence 502(d) and (e), insofar as the
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1 parties reach an agreement on the effect of disclosure of a communication or
2 information covered by the attorney-client privilege or work product protection, the
3 parties may incorporate their agreement in the stipulated protective order submitted
4 to the court.
5 11. PUBLICATION OF PROTECTED MATERIAL PROHIBITED.
6 11.1. Filing of Protected Material.
7 Without advance written permission from the Designating Party, or a court
8 order secured after appropriate notice to all interested persons, a Receiving Party may
9 not file in the public record in this action any Protected Material. A Party that seeks
10 to file under seal any Protected Material must comply with the applicable Federal and
11 Local Rules.
12 11.2. Public Dissemination of Protected Material.
13 A Receiving Party shall not publish, release, post, or disseminate Protected
14 Material to any persons except those specifically delineated and authorized by the
15 Stipulation and Order (see section 7, supra); nor shall a Receiving Party publish,
16 release, leak, post, or disseminate Protected Material/Confidential Documents to any
17 news media, member of the press, website, or public forum (except as permitted under
18 section 7.5 regarding filings with the court in this action and under seal).
19 12. MISCELLANEOUS.
20 12.1. Right to Further Relief. Nothing in the Stipulation and its Order abridges
21 the right of any person to seek its modification by the Court in the future.
22 12.2. Right to Assert Other Objections. By stipulating to the entry of this
23 Protective Order pursuant to the Stipulation, no Party waives any right it otherwise
24 would have to object to disclosing or producing any information or item on any
25 ground not addressed in the Stipulation and Order. Similarly, no Party waives any
26 right to object on any ground to use in evidence any of the material covered by the
27 Stipulation and Protective Order.
28 12.3 Filing Protected Material. A Party that seeks to file under seal any
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1 Protected Material must comply with Civil Local Rule 79-5. Protected Material may
2 only be filed under seal pursuant to a court order authorizing the sealing of the specific
3 Protected Material at issue. If a Party's request to file Protected Material under seal is
4 denied by the court, then the Receiving Party may file the information in the public
5 record unless otherwise instructed by the Court.
6 12.4. The Stipulation may be signed in counterpart and a facsimile or
7 electronic signature shall be as valid as an original signature.
8 13. FINAL DISPOSITION.
9 Unless otherwise ordered or agreed in writing by the Producing Party, within
10 thirty (30) days after the final termination of this action (defined as the dismissal or
11 entry of judgment by the above named court, or if an appeal is filed, the disposition
12 of the appeal), upon written request by the Producing Party, each Receiving Party
13 must return all Protected Material to the Producing Party – whether retained by the
14 Receiving Party or its Counsel, Experts, Professional Vendors, agents, or any non-
15 party to whom the Receiving Party produced or shared such records or information.
16 As used in this subdivision, “all Protected Material” includes all copies,
17 abstracts, compilations, summaries or any other form of reproducing or capturing any
18 of the Protected Material, regardless of the medium (hardcopy, electronic, or
19 otherwise) in which such Protected Material is stored or retained.
20 In the alternative, at the discretion of the Receiving Party, the Receiving Party
21 may destroy some or all of the Protected Material instead of returning it – unless such
22 Protected Material is an original, in which case, the Receiving Party must obtain the
23 Producing Party’s written consent before destroying such original Protected Material.
24 Whether the Protected Material is returned or destroyed, the Receiving Party
25 must submit a written certification to the Producing Party (and, if not the same person
26 or entity, to the Designating Party) within thirty (30) days of the aforementioned
27 written request by the Designating Party that specifically identifies (by category,
28 where appropriate) all the Protected Material that was returned or destroyed and that
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1 || affirms that the Receiving Party has not retained any copies, abstracts, compilations,
2 ||summaries or other forms of reproducing or capturing any of the Protected material
3 || Gn any medium, including but not limited to any hardcopy, electronic or digital copy,
4 || or otherwise).
5 Notwithstanding this provision, Counsel are entitled to retain an archival copy
6 || of all pleadings, motion papers, transcripts, legal memoranda filed with the court in
7||this action, as well as any correspondence or attorney work product prepared by
8 || Counsel for the Receiving Party, even if such materials contain Protected Material;
9 || however, any such archival copies that contain or constitute Protected Material remain
10 || subject to this Protective Order as set forth in Section 4 (DURATION), above. This
a 11 || court shall retain jurisdiction in the event that a Designating Party elects to seek court
12 || sanctions for violation of the Stipulation and Protective Order.
oF I 3 Zp yy
a 14 DATED: March 24, 2022
SE Honorable Sheri Pym
ee 15 United States Magistrate Judge
Z| 616
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1 Respectfully submitted by:
2 Eugene P. Ramirez (State Bar No. 134865)
epr@manningllp.com
3 G. Craig Smith (State Bar No. 265676)
gcs@manningllp.com
4 Anita K. Clarke (State Bar No. 321015)
akc@manningllp.com
5 MANNING & KASS
ELLROD, RAMIREZ, TRESTER LLP
6 801 S. Figueroa St, 15th Floor
Los Angeles, California 90017-3012
7 Telephone: (213) 624-6900
Facsimile: (213) 624-6999
8
Attorneys for Defendants,
9 COUNTY OF RIVERSIDE,
DEPUTY ROBERT ROMERO,
10 DEPUTY RODNEY SCOTT,
DEPUTY JACOB PADILLA,
11 SHERIFF CHAD BIANCO,
CAPTAIN JAMES KRACHMER,
12 MATHEW CHANG,
MEGAN S. CASTILLO,
13 NAVAIN L. WILLIAMS, and
RAYMUNDO CLAUDIO
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