explaining that a “new accident,”also referred to as a “new injury,” occurs “where the claimant is injured on the job but continues to perform the duties of his employment until such time that he is forced to cease work because of the gradual worsening of his condition which was at least partly attributable to his physical activity in continuing to work subsequent to his injury”; “the date of the ‘new accident’ is the date that the disability manifests itself”
How later courts described this case
- explaining that a “new accident,”also referred to as a “new injury,” occurs “where the claimant is injured on the job but continues to perform the duties of his employment until such time that he is forced to cease work because of the gradual worsening of his condition which was at least partly attributable to his physical activity in continuing to work subsequent to his injury”; “the date of the ‘new accident’ is the date that the disability manifests itself”
- in the case of a “new accident,” “the one-year statute of limitation begins to run from the date the claimant was forced to cease his employment. . . . [T]his holding [is based] on the theory that the date of the ‘new accident’ is the date that the disability manifests itself.”
- successive injury doctrine''inapplicable to preexisting condition aggravated by wear and tear of ordinary life and normal activity
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
McMurray, Judge,
dissenting.
On August 9, 1971, Edna Louise James, while employed by Central State Hospital, Milledgeville, Georgia, suffered an injury arising out of and in the course of her employment. The employer and employee entered into the standard form of agreement as to compensation (Form 16) agreeing that she should receive compensation from August 17,1971, until terminated which followed on August 31, 1971, when they entered a supplemental agreement that liability for temporary total disability had ceased on that date. However, notification of final payment was not received by the State Board of Workmen’s Compensation until October 20, 1975.
Thereafter, on May 9, 1977, a change in condition hearing was requested relative to a specific member disability, and a hearing was held by the board. See Code Ann. § 114-709 (Ga. L. 1937, pp. 230, 233; 1937, pp. 528, 534; 1943, pp. 167-169; 1968, pp. 3, 7; 1972, pp. 149, 150; 1973, pp. 232,244). The administrative law judge determined, at the hearing, that the claimant continually worked from the time of her return to work until January 5, 1977, when she was hospitalized because of a swollen leg. A finding of fact was made, "that claimant’s continued work by standing all day aggravated her previous work related injury and caused pain and swelling to the point where it became a new accident on her hospitalization on January 5,1977,” and that she had a specific member disability to her right lower extremity of thirty-five percent. In support of this finding the administrative law judge cited Southern Bell Tel. & Tel. *313 Co. v. Lemon, 142 Ga. App. 141, 142 ( 235 SE2d 588 ).
Whereupon the employer, the State of Georgia (Central State Hospital), as self-insurer, filed a direct appeal to the superior court. The superior court affirmed the award and findings of the administrative law judge, reaching the conclusion of law that legal precision is not necessary in workmen’s compensation cases and where an award is subject to two constructions the court will choose that which makes the award valid, citing such cases as Gatrell v. Employers Mut. Liab. Ins. Co., 226 Ga. 688, 690 ( 177 SE2d 77 ), and American Motorists Ins. Co. v. Brown, 128 Ga. App. 813, 814 ( 198 SE2d 348 ). Further, in construing the evidence most strongly in favor of upholding the award, the superior court held there was uncontradicted evidence of the employee/claimant that the pain and swelling and aggravation of the original injury caused her to cease work and caused her to be hospitalized where it was determined that she was suffering "chronic thrombophlebitis and probable lymphedema secondary to old lymphangitis,” resulting from the "injury received with her percentage of disability estimated at about thirty-five percent,” and that there was competent evidence to support the administrative law judge in the findings of fact and the award.
The majority here, in its opinion sets out various instances as to the alleged confusion as to whether a claimant’s disability results from a new injury or a change of condition, reaches the decision (although it does not so state) that the administrative law judge has apparently based her opinion upon an erroneous legal theory in citing Southern Bell Tel. & Tel. Co. v. Lemon, 142 Ga. App. 141 , supra, which the majority overrules. The majority further holds, in overruling the findings of the administrative law judge and affirmed by the superior court, that "the claimant did not have a specific job related incident which aggravated the condition of her leg”; hence, the aggravation suffered by the claimant here is not an original injury, that is, did not result from a second industrial accident but was the result of the original trauma continuing to worsen to the point where the employee was no longer able to continue her work. Therefore, this was not a new accident but a change of *314 physical and economic condition which entitled the claimant to compensation under the original award based upon St. Paul Fire &c. Ins. Co. v. Hughes, 125 Ga. App. 328 ( 187 SE2d 551 ).
In my opinion there is no conflict between the St. Paul Fire &c. Ins. Co. v. Hughes case (written by Presiding Judge Deen) and Southern Bell Tel. & Tel. Co. v. Lemon, 142 Ga. App. 141 , supra (written by Judge Marshall). I find there is no conflict requiring the overruling of the Lemon case, although some of the language in the Lemon case could be said to be obiter dicta.
I agree fully with the majority in its statement that: "As a result of these opinions there has been some confusion as to whether a claimant’s disability results from a new injury or a change in condition.” In my view, the trier of fact must weigh the evidence and make a determination as to whether aggravation, by continued work, of a previous injury forcing the employee to cease work becomes a "new accident” or whether the aggravation in the performance of the employee’s usual duties continues to worsen his physical condition until he can no longer perform the duties of his employment, resulting not in a new injury but a change of economic condition so as to entitle him to compensation for a change in condition under the original award. See Garner v. Atlantic Building Systems, Inc., 142 Ga. App. 517, 518 ( 236 SE2d 183 ), wherein the board held that the claimant merely aggravated the prior injury. Therein Presiding Judge Quillian points out that the word "aggravation” has resulted in conveying two different meanings by reason of the decisions of this court in that the pre-existing condition could result in a new injury by reason of aggravation, or it could be a mere change of condition due to aggravation. Presiding Judge Quillian further pointed out in the Garner case that "the word 'aggravation’ as used in the award of the State Board of Workmen’s Compensation was intended to mean a recurrence and not a new injury.”
The majority here does not seek to overrule Mallory v. American Cas. Co., 114 Ga. App. 641 ( 152 SE2d 592 ). However, I am of the opinion, even though Mallory dealt primarily with the issue of when the statute of limitation *315 begins to run, that it set forth the correct definition of "new accident.” In Mallory v. American Cas. Co., supra, written by Chief Judge Bell, this court held: "In the instant case there was no evidence of a specific job-connected incident causing the gradual worsening of claimant’s condition. But in order to invoke the ruling in Cagle [Aetna Casualty &c. Co. v. Cagle, 106 Ga. App. 440 ( 126 SE2d 907 )], it is not necessary that there be 'a specific job-connected incident’ which aggravates the previous injury. What is required is that there be an 'accident’ which aggravates the pre-existing injury. Code Ann. § 114-102. 'If the employment... contributes to the injury it is an accident under our compensation law and is compensable...’ Callaway Mills Co. v. Yates, 106 Ga. App. 9, 10 ( 126 SE2d 305 ) and citations. Under the broad definition of the term 'accident’ as used in our workmen’s compensation law, if the employee continued to perform the duties of the employment and thereby aggravated the initial injury, this would amount to a new 'injury by accident.’ The evidence here was sufficient to authorize a finding that the gradual worsening of claimant’s condition was at least partly attributable to his physical activity in continuing to work after the original injury.”
In my opinion, based on the facts of each individual case, we must leave it to the finder of fact (the board) for a determination thereof even though the line of difference may be so infinitesimal as to be almost impossible for determination as to same.
I, therefore, am of the opinion that the Lemon case should not be overruled. Further, that the case sub judice should not be reversed "with direction that the State Board of Workmen’s Compensation enter an award which conforms to that which . . . [is] . . . held in this [majority] opinion” as the administrative law judge (board) has previously made a determination of the facts and reached a decision, affirmed by the superior court, which this court must affirm under the any evidence rule since she has not based her opinion upon an erroneous legal theory.
I, therefore, respectfully dissent, as I would affirm the judgment.