The opinion
BROUSSARD, J.
I concur in the plurality opinion of Justice Kaus in all but two matters. First, in my opinion the torture-murder special circumstance falls, not because of incorrect jury instructions, but because the underlying statutory provision violates the Eighth Amendment. (See People v. Davenport (1985) post, 247, 290 [ 221 Cal.Rptr. 794 , 710 P.2d. 861 ] (cone. opn. of Bird, C. J.), id. at p. 295 (cone. opn. of Broussard, J.).) Second, I would rest reversal of the penalty judgment not only on the “no sympathy” instruction discussed by *115 the plurality, but also on the court’s erroneous instruction respecting the Governor’s power to commute a sentence of life imprisonment without possibility of parole. (See People v. Ramos (1984) 37 Cal.3d 136, 153-159 [ 207 Cal.Rptr. 800 , 689 P.2d 430 ].)