stating with regard to the right to seek arbitration that "waiver must be decided on a case-by-case basis, and that courts should look to the totality of the circumstances," recognizing "the difficulty of uniformly applying a test based on nothing more than the totality of the circumstances," but concluding that "there appears to be no better test for substantial invocation" (footnotes and internal quotation marks omitted)
How later courts described this case
- stating with regard to the right to seek arbitration that "waiver must be decided on a case-by-case basis, and that courts should look to the totality of the circumstances," recognizing "the difficulty of uniformly applying a test based on nothing more than the totality of the circumstances," but concluding that "there appears to be no better test for substantial invocation" (footnotes and internal quotation marks omitted)
- holding courts determined issues of waiver of arbitration by litigation conduct, discussing the Howsam case, and indicating that arbitrators generally determine matters that grow out of a dispute and bear on its final disposition but that courts generally decide issues as to whether the parties have submitted particular disputes to arbitration and whether there is a defense relating solely to the arbitration clause
- stating that "[t]he rule that one cannot wait until 'the eve of trial' to request arbitration is not limited to the evening before trial; it is a rule of proportion that is implicated here" and referencing Com-Tech Assocs. v. Computer Assocs. Int'l, Inc. , 938 F.2d 1574, 1576-77 (2d Cir. 1991), "in which arbitration was waived by request that did not come until 18 months after filing and 4 months before trial"
- holding that appellate courts may review trial court orders compelling arbitration on appeal from final judgment rendered upon confirmation of arbitration award and vacating an arbitration *82 award based on a ground raised in the motion to compel proceedings that is not listed in Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code section 171.088
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
Justice WILLETT
filed an opinion concurring in part and dissenting in part.