Opinion

Smith v. Illinois

  • 390 U.S. 129
  • 88 S. Ct. 748
  • 19 L. Ed. 2d 956
  • 1968 U.S. LEXIS 3131
Court
Supreme Court of the United States
Filed
Jan 29, 1968
Status
Published
Author
Harlan
On the bench
Stewart, White, Harlan, Marshall
Cited by
642 cases
Authority
More cited than 24.1%

holding that, absent waiver by the defendant, a denial of cross-examination is a “constitutional error of the first magnitude and no amount of showing of want of prejudice would cure it” (citation and internal quotation marks omitted)

How later courts described this case

  • holding that, absent waiver by the defendant, a denial of cross-examination is a “constitutional error of the first magnitude and no amount of showing of want of prejudice would cure it” (citation and internal quotation marks omitted)
  • explaining that the ___ _____ defendant must be accorded a fair opportunity to place an adverse witness in the witness's proper setting and to put his testimony and credibility to a meaningful test
  • holding that the right of cross-examination is included in the right of an accused in a criminal case to confront the witnesses against him
  • recognizing as beyond the proper bounds of cross-examination “those inquiries which tend to endanger the personal safety of the witness”

Written by the judges who cited it.

Distinguished

  • Distinguished by People v. Tai, 145 Misc. 2d 599 (1989)

    However, the Smith case is clearly distinguishable from the instant case.
    New York Supreme CourtNov 1, 1989Read it
  • Distinguished by State v. Entze, 1978 N.D. LEXIS 191 (1978)

    It is our view that the cases cited by Entze, to-wit: Knoepfle v. Suko, 108 N.W.2d 456 (N.D.1961), and Smith v. State of Illinois, 390 U.S. 129, 88 S.Ct. 748, 19 L.Ed.2d 956 (1968), and the cases cited by the Supreme Court in Smith, are distinguishable on the facts.4 We agree with the law stated in those cases, but find them inapplicable to this case.
    North Dakota Supreme CourtNov 28, 1978Read it
  • Distinguished by Estate of Simkins v. Commissioner, 37 T.C.M. 1388 (1978)

    Smith v. Illinois,390 U.S. 129 (1968), relied on by petitioners is inapposite.
    United States Tax CourtAug 28, 1978Read it
  • Distinguished by Collins v. State, 364 So. 2d 368 (1978)

    Smith, supra, and Nesbitt, supra, are distinguishable from the case at bar on the facts.
    Court of Criminal Appeals of AlabamaJul 25, 1978Read it

The opinion

Mr. Justice Harlan,

dissenting.

We granted certiorari in this case believing that it presented with requisite clarity the issue whether a defendant in a state criminal trial may constitutionally be denied on cross-examination of a principal state witness the right to question such witness as to his actual name and address. Were I still of the view, after examination of the record, that this case clearly presents that question, I would concur in the Court’s judgment on due process, but not on Sixth Amendment “incorporation,” grounds. * The record, however, raises serious doubt that this petitioner was denied any information that he did not already have, thus either rendering the error harmless or at least making the issue inappropriate for constitutional adjudication.

The State’s witness identified himself as “James Jordan.” Apparently knowing that this was not his real *135 or his only' name, defense counsel asked Jordan whether that was his correct name, and received a negative reply. Further inquiry was disallowed by the trial judge as to both the witness’ name and address. Later, however, defense counsel said of the witness “I represented him before, I know him.” Still later, when asked by defense counsel on direct examination how long he had known James Jordan, the defendant replied, “I’d say a few years or so, casually.” The defendant also indicated that he knew Jordan to be a narcotics addict, and that he knew that Jordan was acquainted with a person whose legal name he knew to be Herbert Simpson.

In the face of these developments, the Court’s suggestion that perhaps the defense nevertheless did not know Jordan’s name or address is, to say the least, exceedingly dubious. At no point did defense counsel, or defendant, state that he lacked the requested information, nor did counsel pursue the point with any vigor after the State’s objections to the questions,* he simply turned to another series of questions without suggesting any way in which his attempt to present a defense had been prejudiced. The inference seems to me patent that counsel was asking routine questions, to which he already knew the answers, and that his failure to get answers in court was of no consequence.

I would not reverse a state conviction on a record so opaque, indeed one savoring of a disingenuous constitutional contention. Cf. Rescue Army v. Municipal Court, 331 U. S. 549 ; Poe v. Ullman, 367 U. S. 497 . I would therefore dismiss the writ as improvidently granted.

See my opinion concurring in the result in Pointer v. Texas, 380 U. S. 400, 408 .

This is a copy of a public record, reproduced as it was published. It is not legal advice, and it may not be the version a court would rely on. Check the official source before you cite it.

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