holding that “[t]he court should have allowed the motion to dismiss on the grounds that the citation failed to charge the commission of a crime” and stating that, “[b]ecause the citation failed to charge a crime, the judgment of the Superior Court must be . . . arrested”
How later courts described this case
- holding that “[t]he court should have allowed the motion to dismiss on the grounds that the citation failed to charge the commission of a crime” and stating that, “[b]ecause the citation failed to charge a crime, the judgment of the Superior Court must be . . . arrested”
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
PARKER, Judge.
G.S. 15A-1444(e) contains the following:
Except as provided in G.S. 15A-979 (which relates to rulings on motions to suppress evidence and which is not applicable to the present case), and except when a motion to withdraw a plea of guilty or no contest has been denied, the defendant is not entitled to appellate review as a matter of right when he has entered a plea of guilty or no contest to a criminal charge in the superior court, but he may petition the appellate division for review by writ of certiorari.
In order to afford defendant appellate review in this case, we treat his purported appeal as a petition for a writ of certiorari and grant the writ.
The citation on which this criminal prosecution is based was headed “District Court Division, County of Carteret,” and was entitled “State of North Carolina vs. Robert Floyd Johnson.” It charged that
on or about Thrus (sic) 10:05 p.m., the 27th day of July 1978, in the named county, the named defendant did unlawfully and *236 wilfully operate a (motor) vehicle on a (street or highway) By picking up a passenger in a taxi cab owned by Captal (sic) Cab company without first securing from the board of commissioners a permit to drive or operate such taxicab (Violation Town Ordinance) (Chapter 18 Article I Sec. 18-2)
Sec. 18-2 of the Morehead City Code provides:
No person shall drive any taxicab carrying passengers for hire from place to place within the corporate limits, or within a distance of five (5) miles thereof, unless such person shall have first applied to and secured from the board of commissioners a permit to drive a taxicab.
The citation upon which defendant was tried alleged a violation of the Morehead City Code “in the named county,” which was Carteret County. It failed to allege that the violation occurred within the corporate limits of Morehead City or even that it occurred “within a distance of five (5) miles thereof” to which the ordinance by its language purports to apply. In the absence of a grant of power from the Legislature, “a city or town may not, by its ordinance, prohibit acts outside its territorial limits or impose criminal liability therefor.” State v. Furio, 267 N.C. 353, 356 , 148 S.E. 2d 275, 277 (1966). The only grant of power made by the Legislature which has been called to our attention is that contained in G.S. 160A-304 which provides that “[a] city may by ordinance license and regulate all vehicles operated for hire in the city.”
In the present case, assuming the validity of the ordinance, still the place where the alleged acts were committed determines their criminality or lack of criminality. The citation failed to charge unequivocally that defendant committed the acts for which he was charged at a place where the performance of such acts would be a criminal offense. Therefore, the citation on its face fails to charge the commission of a crime. State v. Freedle, 268 N.C. 712 , 151 S.E. 2d 611 (1966); State v. Furio, supra; State v. Barnes, 29 N.C. App. 502 , 224 S.E. 2d 661 (1976).
The court should have allowed the motion to dismiss on the grounds that the citation failed to charge the commission of a crime. In the absence of a valid charge against the defendant, the *237 constitutionality of the ordinance is not at issue in this case. State v. Freedle, supra.
Because the citation failed to charge a crime, the judgment of the Superior Court must be and is hereby arrested. 4 Strong’s N.C. Index 3rd, Criminal Law, § 127.2, p. 665.
Judgment arrested.
Chief Judge M.OERIS and Judge MARTIN (Harry C.) concur.