holding that where the court records in the present case and the records in a previous conviction reflected the same name and date of birth, as well as a signature, and the defendant did not object that he was not the same person as had been previously convicted, the evidence was sufficient to support his conviction
How later courts described this case
- holding that where the court records in the present case and the records in a previous conviction reflected the same name and date of birth, as well as a signature, and the defendant did not object that he was not the same person as had been previously convicted, the evidence was sufficient to support his conviction
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
Wendell L. Griffen, Judge, dissenting. The issue in this case is the sufficiency of the evidence and not whether the appellant objected to the State’s evidence “on grounds other than authenticity.” Furthermore, the scope or nature of the appellant’s objection does not in any way relieve the State of its burden of proof. Unlike the majority, I am unwilling to hold that the State met its burden merely by producing evidence that a person in Texas with a similar name, who may or may not share the same birthday as the appellant, committed a felony. I would hold that the evidence presented by the State was insufficient to withstand the appellant’s motion for a directed verdict, and would therefore reverse the appellant’s conviction for being a felon in possession of a firearm.
At the close of the State’s evidence, the appellant challenged the sufficiency of the State’s evidence as follows:
Appellant’s Counsel: Move for a directed verdict, Your Honor, on the felony in possession. There’s been absolutely no proof in the State’s case that this James Leatherwood is that same James Leatherwood. They had an opportunity to put on his date of birth, Social Security number in their case in chief. They did not. All they identified him as James Leatherwood. They haven’t put on any evidence. There was no evidence finking this James Leather-wood to that James Leatherwood. The State has not proved it beyond a reasonable doubt, Your Honor, and they have not done that at this point. And also as I said, my objection to that certification. All the pages are certified. There is some hearsay documentation in there, Your Honor, so I move for a directed verdict on those charges.
Court: Denied.
At the close of all of the evidence, the appellant renewed his motion for a directed verdict. It is true the appellant did not object to the evidence of a prior felony on the ground that the prior conviction was not his. Rather, he objected on the basis that the documents were not certified. While it may have been more prudent for the appellant to object on the grounds that the prior conviction was not his, he was not required to do so. Instead, he challenged the sufficiency of the evidence by a motion for a directed verdict, as he is allowed to do, arguing that the State presented no proof that the appellant is the same person who committed the felony in Texas, and noting the State’s failure to present evidence of his birth date or Social Security number in its case-in-chief.
It is beyond question that the State must prove every element of its case beyond a reasonable doubt. When the State accuses a defendant of being a felon in possession of a firearm, the State must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the person is a felon, that is, has been convicted of a prior felony. See Ark. Code Ann. § 5-73-103 (Repl. 1997). Stated another way, it was the State’s burden in this case to prove that the person who committed the prior felony upon which this charge is based, is the appellant.
The evidence presented in this case consisted of: 1) testimony by the appellant’s wife describing the assault and identifying the rifle that was used in the assault; 2) testimony by the officer concerning the confiscation of the rifle and the appellant’s arrest; 3) admission of the rifle in question into evidence; and 4) exhibit A, which contained court documents showing that a person with a similar name committed a felony in Texas.
Exhibit A shows the Texas defendant was convicted of the felony offense of driving while intoxicated in December 1983. The Texas defendant’s name and birthday are listed in the documents presented by the State as James Don Leatherwood, D.O.B. November 7, 1956, on an Investigator Summary, and as James Don Leath-erwood, Jr., D.O.B. November 7, 1960, on the bill of indictment. The documents presented by the State also referred to the Texas defendant alternatively as James Don Leatherwood, Jr., James Don Leatherwood, and James Leatherwood. The defendant who committed the Texas offense consistently signed his name, “James D. Leatherwood.”
The issue in this case is whether, in viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the State, there was substantial evidence by which the trial court could determine the State met its burden of proving that the James D. Leatherwood who was convicted of a felony in Texas was the same James D. Leatherwood who was on trial for felony possession of a firearm in this case. Even viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the State, the State’s evidence fails to show beyond a reasonable doubt that the appellant is the same person who committed the Texas felony. It is sufficient for the majority that the Texas documents contain references to a person with the same name and date of birth as the appellant. However, even though it is undisputed that the appellant’s birth date is November 7, 1956, the State never established the birth date of the Texas defendant, and most certainly did not establish that fact beyond a reasonable doubt. How can the State assert the birth date of the appellant is the same as the Texas defendant’s when the State failed to prove which birth date is the proper birth date of the Texas defendant? Moreover, even if the State proved that the birth date of the Texas defendant was the same as the appellant’s, it is chilling to contemplate that a similar name, even a very similar name, and an identical birthday, are sufficient proof of a person’s identification, without additional documentary, fingerprint, pictorial, or testimonial evidence, to establish a person’s identity for the purpose of convicting that person of a criminal offense. The fact that the appellant is named “Jr.” indicates that there is at least one more person with exactly the same name.
The decision reached by the majority today sends the wrong message to prosecutors. The prosecution should never be relieved of its duty to prove every element of its case, whether that task is onerous or not. However, the laxity on the part of the prosecution is particularly egregious here, where the State could have easily obtained a mug shot or fingerprint record, compared Social Security numbers, or elicited testimony from the appellant’s wife, to prove the Texas defendant and the appellant in this case are the same person.
For the above reasons, I respectfully dissent, and am authorized to state that Judges BIRD and NEAL join in this opinion.