Com. v. Swift, D.

J-S20025-22

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

: PENNSYLVANIA

:

v. :

:

:

DANNY RAY SWIFT :

:

Appellant : No. 1094 WDA 2021

Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered August 18, 2021

In the Court of Common Pleas of Erie County

Criminal Division at CP-25-CR-0003503-2016

BEFORE: NICHOLS, J., MURRAY, J., and KING, J.

MEMORANDUM BY MURRAY, J.: FILED: July 12, 2022

Danny Ray Swift (Appellant) appeals from the order dismissing his first

petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (PCRA), 42 Pa.C.S.A.

§§ 9541-9546. We affirm.

In June 2017, a jury found Appellant guilty of seven counts of cruelty to

animals, three counts of animal fighting, and one count each of possession of

animal fighting paraphernalia and possession of an instrument of crime.1

Appellant’s retained trial counsel was Anthony H. Rodrigues, Esquire (Attorney

Rodrigues or trial counsel).

____________________________________________

1See 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 5511(c)(1), repealed by Act of June 28, 2017, P.L. 215,

No. 10 (Act 10), § 3; 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 5511(h.1), repealed by Act 10, § 3; 18

Pa.C.S.A. § 5511(h.2), repealed by Act 10, § 3; 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 907(a).

J-S20025-22

At trial, the Commonwealth presented evidence that after receiving a

report of pit bull dogs fighting in Appellant’s back yard, police seized 14 dogs

from Appellant’s property; each dog required considerable veterinary care.

After executing a search warrant, police discovered dog fighting paraphernalia

on Appellant’s property. The Commonwealth also presented testimony from

an expert witness in the field of animal fighting/animal cruelty, Deborah

Jugan, Esquire (Jugan). She opined that the evidence indicated Appellant was

engaged in dog fighting. Finally, according to a separate Commonwealth

expert in the field of computer forensics, Erie County Detective Anne Styn

(Detective Styn), Appellant had previously uploaded comments on an internet

website that inculpated him in dog fighting.

Appellant presented the testimony of several witnesses, including

Thomas Guffey (Guffey), who the trial court qualified as an expert in animal

fighting.2 Guffey disagreed with Jugan’s testimony. Guffey stated he had

viewed Appellant’s property, and opined that Appellant’s dogs were

appropriately cared for, and Appellant engaged them in agility training, not

fighting.

Following his conviction on August 3, 2017, the trial court sentenced

Appellant to an aggregate of 10 – 20 months of incarceration, followed by

____________________________________________

2 Guffey, a resident of the State of Virginia, had previously worked as a

confidential informant for several law enforcement agencies, and testified in

animal fighting cases. See N.T., 6/22/17, at 10-13.

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eight years of probation. The court also ordered Appellant to pay restitution

of approximately $54,700. This Court affirmed Appellant’s judgment of

sentence, and the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania denied allowance of appeal.

Commonwealth v. Swift, 195 A.3d 996 (Pa. Super. 2018) (unpublished

memorandum), appeal denied, 202 A.3d 40 (Pa. 2019).

On February 12, 2020, Appellant timely filed the instant, counseled

PCRA petition. Appellant raised numerous claims of trial counsel’s

ineffectiveness, including the following:

Trial counsel erred in failing to object to the information that was

taken from the internet, purported to be comments posted by

[Appellant (hereinafter, the internet posts)], and failed to cross

examine the Commonwealth’s witness[, i.e., Detective Styn,]

regarding how the Commonwealth decided that the screen name

[under which the internet posts were submitted] belonged to

[Appellant].

PCRA Petition, 2/12/20, ¶ 20.

Pertinently, the PCRA court explained:

At an in camera pretrial hearing held at [Appellant’s] behest to

address the authentication of the internet posts, the

Commonwealth presented the testimony of Detective [] Styn as

an expert witness in the field of computer forensics. See [N.T.,

6/19/17, at] 38-60. Detective Styn explained her method for

authenticating computer documents:

Specifically with user names online, I would go onto a

website, be able to look for indicators and identifiers that

relate directly to the individual that I believe is posting

these. I would look at user names specifically, the posts

that were created, … [and] what kind of material was found

within the post itself to be able to link them to an individual.

Id. at 44. Detective Styn then testified step-by-step how she had

used the method to connect [Appellant] to the user name

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“swiftnhbfighter” and the internet posts at issue. Id. at 44-59;

66-70. Detective Styn explained she had located an online

account with the user name “swiftnhbfighter” on the website

mixedmartialarts.com, a/k/a The Underground. Id. at 45.

Detective Styn reviewed the [internet] posts made by

swiftnhbfighter, one of which included a thread titled “Dan Swift

versus Kenny Savercool.” Id. at 46. In the thread, user

swiftnhbfighter posted, “Dan Swift versus Kenny Savercool, this

was my last tournament as a purple belt. This was a sub only

tourney in West Virginia.” Id. Swiftnhbfighter also included a link

to a YouTube video of a mixed martial arts (MMA) fight between

[Appellant] and Kenny Savercool. Id. Another post by

swiftnhbfighter contained a reference to the fighter name of

“Pennsylvania Hitman,” which led Detective Styn to [Appellant’s]

MMA biography. Id. at 50. The information on the biography

included [Appellant’s] birthdate, height, weight, and hometown of

Erie, Pennsylvania. Id. This information was corroborated on

another MMA website, sherdog.com. Id. Detective Styn testified

the information on the biographies matched [Appellant’s]

biographical information. Id.

Further searching led Detective Styn to four separate

posts related to dog fighting made by the user

swiftnhbfighter in 2014. Id. at 52-59. Detective Styn testified

the [internet] posts referencing dog fighting were deleted

on August 8, 2016, less than a week after [Appellant] was

arrested. Id. at 55-59[; see also id. at 56, 61-62 (explaining a

website user must enter their username and password to edit or

delete a post; the website owner cannot).] Detective Styn

concluded:

Based on my training and experience, my conclusion is that

swiftnhbfighter is [Appellant] based off the posts from

December 2, 2011, at 5:55 p.m. where a video was provided

of [Appellant] … in a fight with Kenny Savercool …, and

another post where swiftnhbfighter refers to a fighter name

of Pennsylvania Hitman, and then finding out that

Pennsylvania Hitman is the fighter name for [Appellant.]

Id. at 59.

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Notice of Intent to Dismiss PCRA Petition, 9/23/20, at 19-20 (emphasis

added). The trial court had found the internet posts possessed an indicia of

reliability and admitted them.

Appellant’s PCRA counsel filed a supplemental PCRA petition on March

30, 2020, raising additional claims of ineffectiveness related to trial counsel

and Appellant’s direct appeal counsel. The Commonwealth filed a brief in

opposition on June 8, 2020.

On September 23, 2020, the PCRA court issued its 22-page Pa.R.Crim.P.

907 notice of intent to dismiss, opining that all of Appellant’s claims lacked

merit. On October 13, 2020, Appellant filed objections to the Rule 907 notice.

Appellant successfully requested that the PCRA court grant him additional time

to “obtain[] an affidavit from his expert witness, [] Guffey, that would prove

[Guffey] made the comments on the internet,” i.e., under the username

“swiftnhbfighter.” Objections, 10/13/20, at ¶ 4.

On March 12, 2021, Appellant filed a supplement to his PCRA petition

with an attached affidavit signed by Guffey (the Affidavit). The Affidavit

provided, in relevant part, as follows:

In connection with my employment, I worked on a sting in

West Virginia that lead [sic] me to find [Appellant] as a person

who could give me assistance with finding individuals who were

participating in dog fighting. As part of that sting, [Appellant]

agreed to give me his login information for [the website

mixedmartialarts.com.] …

At [Appellant’s] trial, the prosecution provided certain

postings from that website that were posted under [Appellant’s]

login information, but I was the person that posted the

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comments regarding dog fighting and, in fact, [Appellant]

specifically told me he didn’t want anything to do with dog

fighting. I personally posted the information referred to at trial

that was alleged to be [Appellant’s] postings.

Prior to trial, I told [trial counsel] … that I made those

postings and that he could ask me questions pertaining to my

postings at trial. He did not ask me any questions regarding this

issue at [Appellant’s] trial.

Supplement to PCRA Petition, 3/12/21, Ex. 1 (the Affidavit) (emphasis added;

paragraph numbering and some breaks omitted). The Commonwealth filed a

brief in opposition on June 24, 2021.

On July 16, 2021, the PCRA court issued a second Rule 907 notice. The

court rejected all of Appellant’s claims, including the claim related to Guffey.

Appellant did not file a response. On August 18, 2021, the PCRA court denied

relief. This timely appeal followed. Appellant and the PCRA court complied

with Pa.R.A.P. 1925. Appellant presents the following question for our review:

[Whether] the [PCRA] court erred in failing to find that trial

counsel was ineffective in failing to object to and/or challenge the

internet message board postings purported to be made by

[Appellant,] especially in light of the Affidavit presented to the

court signed by Thomas Guffey[?]

Appellant’s Brief at 1.

When reviewing an order dismissing a PCRA petition, we examine

whether the determination of the PCRA court is supported by the record and

free of legal error. Commonwealth v. Maxwell, 232 A.3d 739, 744 (Pa.

Super. 2020) (en banc). We review the PCRA court’s decision for an abuse of

discretion. Commonwealth v. Roney, 79 A.3d 595, 603 (Pa. 2013). We

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“view the evidence of record in a light most favorable to the Commonwealth,

as the prevailing party below.” Commonwealth v. Flor, 259 A.3d 891, 902

(Pa. 2021) (citation omitted).

Appellant argues trial counsel was ineffective for “failing to object to

and/or challenge the internet … postings purported to be made by

[Appellant].” Appellant’s Brief at 6. The Pennsylvania Supreme Court has

explained that to be

entitled to relief on an ineffectiveness claim, a PCRA petitioner

must establish: (1) the underlying claim has arguable merit; (2)

no reasonable basis existed for counsel’s action or failure to act;

and (3) he suffered prejudice as a result of counsel’s error, with

prejudice measured by whether there is a reasonable probability

the result of the proceeding would have been

different. Commonwealth v. Chmiel, 612 Pa. 333, 30 A.3d

1111, 1127 (Pa. 2011) (employing ineffective assistance of

counsel test from Commonwealth v. Pierce, 515 Pa. 153, 527

A.2d 973, 975-76 (Pa. 1987)). Counsel is presumed to have

rendered effective assistance. Additionally, counsel cannot be

deemed ineffective for failing to raise a meritless claim. Finally,

because a PCRA petitioner must establish all the Pierce prongs to

be entitled to relief, we are not required to analyze the elements

of an ineffectiveness claim in any specific order; thus, if a claim

fails under any required element, we may dismiss the claim on

that basis.

Commonwealth v. Treiber, 121 A.3d 435, 445 (Pa. 2015) (some internal

citations omitted).

Appellant emphasizes Guffey’s statement in the Affidavit that he, not

Appellant, uploaded the internet posts to the MMA website. Appellant’s Brief

at 7-8; see also Supplement to PCRA Petition, 3/12/21, Ex. 1 (the Affidavit).

Appellant complains that at trial, counsel “did not specifically ask Mr. Guffey

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about whether he had made any posts under [Appellant’s] name.” Appellant’s

Brief at 7. Appellant claims:

If [trial] counsel had elicited the information included by Mr.

Guffey in his [A]ffidavit, it would not have been cumulative, it

would not have been used solely to impeach Mr. Guffey’s

credibility, and clearly could have changed the jury’s decision in

this case.

Id. at 8.

The PCRA, 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9543(a)(2)(vi), permits relief where the

petitioner proves by a preponderance of the evidence that the conviction or

sentence resulted from the “unavailability at the time of trial of exculpatory

evidence that has subsequently become available and would have changed

the outcome of the trial if it had been introduced.” Id.; see also

Commonwealth v. Small, 189 A.3d 961, 968 (Pa. 2018). Here, the record

reveals Detective Styn detailed to the jury at trial her investigation of the

internet posts. See N.T., 6/20/17, at 200-15, 224-28. One of the posts,

uploaded by user “swiftnhbfighter” and admitted as Commonwealth Exhibit

35, stated:

That’s awesome you owned [a certain dog’s] mother. My bitch off

Geachiman is a straight murdered. Killed three already everyone

of the rolls didn’t even go ten minutes. She looks a lot like Geach.

I’m sending her out of the country to be shown soon. Hopefully it

goes good. She’s a big bitch though. She’s 50-52 on the chain.

Looking like we will have to show her at 46 or 47, maybe 45. My

man … that’s showing her is a beast at conditioning, so I’m gonna

let him make the final call.

Id. at 212. Detective Styn testified this post, like the other internet posts

implicating dog fighting, were edited by user swiftnhbfighter merely six days

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after Appellant’s arrest, and replaced with three periods. Id. at 209, 212,

215; see also id. at 203, 214, 218-19 (Detective Styn explaining that only a

website user, in possession of a username and password, can upload, edit, or

delete posts).

Trial counsel vigorously challenged authentication of the internet posts,

and cross-examined Detective Styn regarding them. See N.T., 6/19/17, at

60-66; N.T., 6/20/17, at 215-224, 228-31; see also Notice of Intent to

Dismiss PCRA Petition, 9/23/20, at 16 (“Trial counsel objected to and

thoroughly challenged the authentication of the internet [posts]”), and 17

(“During cross-examination, trial counsel exhaustively questioned Detective

Styn regarding how she had connected [Appellant] to the internet posts.”).

Detective Styn also agreed with trial counsel’s hypothetical that “someone

could have opened an account [on the MMA website] other than [Appellant]

under the name swiftnhbfighter[.]” N.T., 6/20/17, at 217; but see also id.

(Detective Styn clarifying: “[B]ut they would also have to open the account

back in 2011 and post that information in … 2014”).

Guffey testified for the defense regarding the internet posts. See N.T.,

6/22/17, at 72-88. On cross-examination concerning the meaning of the

language used in the internet post at Commonwealth Exhibit 35 (see supra),

Guffey responded: “I didn’t write it. I don’t know … what [swiftnhbfighter’s]

exact intentions were.” Id. at 64 (emphasis added); but see also id. (Guffey

stating on direct: “I’ve never seen any proof … that [Appellant] is the one

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that wrote those posts.”). The following exchange then occurred on cross-

examination, regarding the language of the internet post at Commonwealth

Exhibit 35:

Q. Schooling is dog fighting, correct?

A. Yes.

***

Q. So when a sentence says killed three already, every one of the

rolls didn’t even go ten minutes, that means that the dog

Geachiman killed three other dogs in a schooling exhibition,

correct?

A. Yes, sir.

Id. at 64-65.

The prosecutor also questioned Guffey about a separate internet post

by swiftnhbfighter, admitted as Commonwealth Exhibit 36:

Q. Okay. Let’s go to 36. Another post[, which states: “M]y

kennel had a few that we got out of the classified section that

people were giving … for free cause it was aggressive for whatever

the reason. We tried a few out and they won a match or two.[”]

Winning a match or two … [means] dog fighting, correct?

A. Could be, yes, sir.

Q. Could be? … Well, what else if it’s not dog fighting[;] … what

do you want to tell the jury it is now?

A. I … have no idea. I didn’t write the post.

Id. at 66-67 (emphasis added).

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Further, during Guffey’s testimony on direct examination, trial counsel

asked him: “Anything else you want to tell this jury, Mr. Guffey?” Id.

at 45 (emphasis added). Guffey responded:

I have testified against dog fighters numerous times. I’ve taken

down … Ed Faron. … He actually wrote books on how to repair

dogs after dog fighting. One of the biggest names in the game,

took him down. You know, 144 dogs seized. … They used my

testimony in court. I cannot stand a dog fighter. … They’re the

lowest form of person on earth.

Id. at 45.

Guffey never testified he authored any of the internet posts,

which is directly contrary to his statement in the Affidavit. Compare

id. at 64 (Guffey stating he “didn’t write” the post at Commonwealth Exhibit

35), and id. at 67 (Guffey stating he “didn’t write the post” at Commonwealth

Exhibit 36), with Supplement to PCRA Petition, 3/12/21, Ex. 1 (the Affidavit)

(Guffey claiming, “I was the person that posted the comments regarding dog

fighting.”). Accordingly, we are unpersuaded that Appellant was entitled to

relief under 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9543(a)(2)(vi). To the contrary, we are persuaded

by the Commonwealth’s argument:

Throughout his arguments, Attorney Rodrigues routinely brought

up and argued that the [internet] postings the Commonwealth

intended to present could have been posted by another. Despite

this recurring argument, Attorney Rodrigues did not indicate once

that Mr. Guffey was in fact the poster. The Commonwealth would

argue that it is hard to believe that in over 100 pages of advocacy

associated with authentication of [the internet] posts that

Attorney Rodrigues did not indicate, hint at, or opine that he had

such knowledge if he in fact did. … If, in fact, [Guffey] had told

Attorney Rodrigues that he, not Appellant, made the postings,

[Guffey] could have disclosed that when asked fairly open ended

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questions about them. … Attorney Rodrigues could not have been

ineffective for failing to question Mr. Guffey regarding false

statements about which he was unaware.

Commonwealth Brief at 10-11.

Even if Appellant’s ineffectiveness claim had merit, he cannot prove he

was prejudiced by trial counsel’s failure to adequately question Guffey. The

Commonwealth presented such overwhelming evidence of Appellant’s guilt

that any resulting prejudice would not have altered the outcome of the trial.

See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Molina, 897 A.2d 1190, 1195 (Pa. Super.

2006) (a claim of defense counsel’s ineffectiveness fails to establish the

prejudice prong where evidence of defendant’s guilt was overwhelming

(citation omitted)); see also Treiber, supra (a petitioner cannot prevail on

a claim of ineffectiveness unless they prove all three prongs of the test). As

the PCRA court concluded,

Based upon a thorough review of the record, assuming Guffey had

testified at trial consistent with the recently-produced Affidavit,

[Appellant] failed to establish a reasonable probability that any

failure to present such testimony would have resulted in a

different outcome. There was no prejudice to [Appellant] in any

failure to present testimony of Guffey along the lines of the

contents of the Affidavit.

Second Notice of Intent to Dismiss, 7/16/21, at 6 (some capitalization

altered). We agree. Indeed, in previously affirming Appellant’s judgment of

sentence on direct appeal, this Court held the “evidence proving

[Appellant] guilty of the crimes charged was overwhelming.” Swift,

195 A.3d 996, at *15 (emphasis added; citation omitted). We adopt our prior

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reasoning here. See id. at **16-19 (emphasizing evidence of (a) the poor

condition and injuries of the 14 dogs found on Appellant’s property; (b)

Detective Styn’s testimony that Appellant authored the internet posts at issue

and deleted them shortly after his arrest, evidencing his consciousness of

guilt; (c) Appellant’s neighbors’ testimony describing seeing him train dogs by

having them jump and bite onto a rope hanging from a tree; and (d) Jugan’s

expert opinion that Appellant was engaged in dog fighting).

Based on the foregoing, the PCRA court did not abuse its discretion in

denying relief.

Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 7/12/2022

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