Dinh v. Secretary of Health and Human Services

In the United States Court of Federal Claims

OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS

No. 16-171V

(not to be published)

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C.N., by his mother and natural guardian, *

PHUONG DINH, *

* Chief Special Master Corcoran

Petitioner, *

*

v. * Filed: May 17, 2022

*

SECRETARY OF HEALTH *

AND HUMAN SERVICES, *

*

Respondent. *

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Renee J. Gentry, Vaccine Injury Clinic, George Washington Univ. Law School, Washington, DC,

for Petitioner.

Sarah B. Rifkin, U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Washington, DC, for Respondent.

DECISION GRANTING IN PART ATTORNEY’S FEES AND COSTS 1

On February 4, 2016, Phuong Dinh filed a petition for compensation under the National

Vaccine and Injury Compensation Program (the “Vaccine Program”). 2 (ECF No. 1) (“Pet.”).

Petitioner alleged that her child, C.N., developed chronic eczema, also called atopic dermatitis

(“AD”), as a result of vaccines he received on May 29 and June 26, 2013, when he was

approximately two to three months old. Pet. at 1. The matter was determined via ruling on the

record and Petitioner was denied entitlement. Decision, dated Feb. 14, 2022 (ECF No. 77).

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Because this Decision contains a reasoned explanation for my actions in this case, it must be posted on the United

States Court of Federal Claims website, in accordance with the E-Government Act of 2002, 44 U.S.C. § 3501 (2012).

As provided by 42 U.S.C. § 300aa-12(d)(4)(B), however, the parties may object to the Decision’s inclusion of certain

kinds of confidential information. Specifically, under Vaccine Rule 18(b), each party has fourteen days within which

to request redaction “of any information furnished by that party: (1) that is a trade secret or commercial or financial

in substance and is privileged or confidential; or (2) that includes medical files or similar files, the disclosure of which

would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of privacy.” Vaccine Rule 18(b). Otherwise, the whole Decision will

be available to the public. Id.

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The Vaccine Program comprises Part 2 of the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99-660,

100 Stat. 3758, codified as amended at 42 U.S.C. §§ 300aa-10 through 34 (2012) [hereinafter “Vaccine Act” or “the

Act”]. Individual section references hereafter will be to Section 300aa of the Act (but will omit the statutory prefix).

Petitioner has now filed a motion for a final award of attorney’s fees and costs. Motion,

dated Mar. 25, 2022 (ECF No. 81) (“Final Fees Mot.”). Petitioner requests a total of $78,353.40,

with $17,117.40 to be awarded to the George Washington University Law School Vaccine Injury

Litigation Clinic (the “GW Clinic”), and $61,236.00 to The Law Firm of Renée J. Gentry, Esq.,

based on all work performed on the matter by Ms. Gentry, several other attorneys, and her students

at the GW Clinic. Id. at 2. The GW Clinic amount is split between fees incurred by admitted

attorneys ($8,139.90) and fees based on work performed by law students ($8,977.50). Final Fees

Mot. at 1. The sum requested by Ms. Gentry’s firm includes $48,896.00 in fees and $12,340.00 in

costs. Id. Respondent reacted to the final fees request on May 4, 2022. Response, dated May 4,

2022 (ECF No. 82) (“Response”). Respondent states that the Petitioner has “satisfied the statutory

requirements for an award of attorneys’ fees and costs are met in this case,” and asks that I exercise

my discretion in determining a reasonable award for attorneys’ fees and costs. Response at 2–3.

For the reasons set forth below, I hereby GRANT IN PART Petitioner’s motion, awarding

fees and costs in the total amount of $78,325.40, reflecting $17,089.40 to the GW Clinic, and

$61,236.00 to The Law Firm of Renée J. Gentry, Esq.

ANALYSIS

I. Petitioner’s Claim had Reasonable Basis

Although the Vaccine Act only guarantees a reasonable award of attorney’s fees and costs

to successful petitioners, a special master may also award fees and costs in an unsuccessful case

if: (1) the “petition was brought in good faith”; and (2) “there was a reasonable basis for the claim

for which the petition was brought.” Section 15(e)(1). I have in prior decisions set forth at length

the criteria to be applied when determining if a claim possessed “reasonable basis” sufficient for a

fees award. See, e.g., Sterling v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 16-551V, 2020 WL 549443,

at *4 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Jan. 3, 2020). Importantly, reasonable basis is only a threshold

requirement in unsuccessful cases—establishing it does not obligate a special master to award

fees, and the calculation of the sum to be awarded is otherwise subject to the same reasonableness

standards governing all fees determinations.

A claim’s reasonable basis must be demonstrated through some objective evidentiary

showing. Cottingham v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 971 F.3d 1337, 1344 (Fed. Cir. 2020)

(citing Simmons v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 875 F.3d 632, 635 (Fed. Cir. 2017)). This

objective inquiry is focused on the claim itself—counsel’s conduct in prosecuting the claim is

irrelevant (although it may bulwark good faith). Simmons, 875 F.3d at 635. Reasonable basis

inquiries are not static—they evaluate not only what was known at the time the petition was filed,

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but also take into account what was learned about the evidentiary support for the claim as the

matter progressed. Perreira v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 33 F.3d 1375, 1377 (Fed. Cir. 1994)

(upholding the finding that a reasonable basis for petitioners’ claims ceased to exist once they had

reviewed their expert's opinion, which consisted entirely of unsupported speculation).

The standard for reasonable basis is lesser (and thus inherently easier to satisfy) than the

preponderant standard applied when assessing entitlement, as cases that fail can still have

sufficient objective grounding for a fees award. Braun v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 144 Fed.

Cl. 72, 77 (2019). The Court of Federal Claims has affirmed that “[r]easonable basis is a standard

that petitioners, at least generally, meet by submitting evidence.” Chuisano v. Sec’y of Health &

Hum. Servs., 116 Fed. Cl. 276, 287 (Fed. Cl. 2014) (internal quotations omitted) (affirming special

master). The factual basis and medical support for the claim is among the evidence that should be

considered. Carter v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 132 Fed. Cl. 372, 378 (Fed. Cl. 2017). Under

the Vaccine Act, special masters have “maximum discretion” in applying the reasonable basis

standard. See, e.g., Silva v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 108 Fed. Cl. 401, 401–02 (Fed. Cl.

2012). 3

Although I denied entitlement in this matter, the record contained ample evidence that

established the claim’s reasonable basis. It was clear that C.N. was suffering from AD close in

time to the vaccination (even though I ultimately found that it was actually prior to the vaccination

that C.N.’s AD began). Further, Petitioner had a credible and qualified expert, who prepared

several expert reports that articulated an overall-reasonable causation opinion. And there are too

few cases involving AD as an injury to suggest that a claimant (via his counsel) should be on notice

in advance of filing that the claim lacks substance. Thus, because the claim possessed reasonable

basis, and because I ascertain no other reasons to deny a fees award, I will permit the recovery of

fees in this case despite the claim’s dismissal.

II. Calculation of Fees

Determining the appropriate amount of the fees award is a two-part process. The first part

involves application of the lodestar method— “multiplying the number of hours reasonably

expended on the litigation times a reasonable hourly rate.” Avera v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs.,

515 F.3d 1343, 1347–48 (Fed. Cir. 2008) (quoting Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 888 (1984)).

The second part involves adjusting the lodestar calculation up or down to take relevant factors into

consideration. Id. at 1348. This standard for calculating a fee award is considered applicable in

most cases where a fee award is authorized by federal statute. Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424,

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See also Chuisano, 116 Fed. Cl. at 285 (cautioning against rigid rules or criteria for reasonable basis because they

would subvert the discretion of special masters and stating that an amorphous definition of reasonable basis is

consistent with the Vaccine Act as a whole).

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429–37 (1983).

An attorney’s reasonable hourly rate is determined by the “forum rule,” which bases the

proper hourly rate to be awarded on the forum in which the relevant court sits (Washington, D.C.,

for Vaccine Act cases), except where an attorney’s work was not performed in the forum and there

is a substantial difference in rates (the so-called “Davis exception”). Avera, 515 F.3d at 1348

(citing Davis Cty. Solid Waste Mgmt. & Energy Recovery Special Serv. Dist. v. U.S. Envtl. Prot.

Agency, 169 F.3d 755, 758 (D.C. Cir. 1999)). A 2015 decision established the hourly rate ranges

for attorneys with different levels of experience who are entitled to the forum rate in the Vaccine

Program. See McCulloch v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 09-293V, 2015 WL 5634323, at

*19 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 1, 2015).

Petitioner requests the following rates for her attorneys and support staff, based on the

years work was performed:

Attorney 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Mr. Clifford $415.00 $430.00 $440.00 $450.00 $460.00 - - -

J.

Shoemaker

Ms. Renee J. $400.00 - - - - $464.00 $489.00 $504.00

Gentry

Ms. Sabrina $150.00 $150.00 $150.00 $150.00 $150.00 - - -

S.

Knickelbein

Student- - - - - $145.00 $150.00 $150.00 $150.00

Attorney

ECF No. 81-1 at 29, 30–31, 33.

The two jurisdictions in question where attorney work was performed—Vienna, Virginia,

and Washington, D.C.—have both been deemed “in forum.” Accordingly, the various lawyers who

worked on this matter should be paid rates established in McCulloch. See Jones v. Sec’y of Health

& Hum. Servs., No. 15-1239V, 2019 WL 7496602, at *2–3 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 20, 2019).

The rates requested for Mr. Shoemaker’s and Ms. Gentry’s 2015 time are consistent with what has

previously been awarded, in accordance with the Office of Special Masters’ fee schedule. 4 Id. at

*2. Ms. Knickelbein also requested a rate of a paralegal in this matter, appropriate to the actions

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OSM Attorneys’ Forum Hourly Rate Fee Schedules, https://www.uscfc.uscourts.gov/node/2914 (last visited May

16, 2022).

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performed. As to the student-attorney rates, I recently awarded the requested sum. A.Y. v. Sec’y

of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 17-850V, 2021 WL 3660748, at *4 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. July 9,

2021). I have to make one small adjustment to the requested amounts based upon a mathematical

error in the student-attorney rate. As requested for payment the 2019 rate is $145.00, however the

$150.00 rate was used for every year in the supporting documentation. ECF No. 81-1 at 35–37.

Therefore, there will be a reduction in the amount of $28.00, based upon the 5.6 hours of work

completed in 2019. I deem the time devoted to this matter, over the course of nearly seven years,

to be reasonable as well. All requested attorney and paralegal time will be awarded.

III. Calculation of Attorney’s Costs

Just as they are required to establish the reasonableness of requested fees, petitioners must

also demonstrate that requested litigation costs are reasonable. Presault v. United States, 52 Fed.

Cl. 667, 670 (2002); Perreira v. Sec’y of Dep’t of Health & Hum. Servs., 27 Fed. Cl. 29, 34 (1992).

Reasonable costs include the costs of obtaining medical records and expert time incurred while

working on a case. Fester v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No.10-243V, 2013 WL 5367670, at

*16 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Aug. 27, 2013). When petitioners fail to substantiate a cost item, such as

by not providing appropriate documentation to explain the basis for a particular cost, special

masters have refrained from paying the cost at issue. See, e.g., Gardner-Cook v. Sec’y of Health

& Hum. Servs., No. 99-480V, 2005 WL 6122520, at *4 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. June 30, 2005).

Petitioner seeks $12,340.00 in costs—a figure mostly representing work performed by her

expert, Dr. Joseph A. Bellanti. ECF No. 81-1 at 28. He billed a total of $11,550.00, reflecting 33.0

hours of work performed at a rate of $350.00 per hour. Id. at 41. The rest of the requests were for

the filing fee, medical records, parking, and photocopies. Id. at 28. I find all of the costs to be

reasonable, and the expert rates acceptable and consistent with previously recorded, and will

therefore fully award the costs requested as well.

CONCLUSION

Based on the foregoing, and in the exercise of the discretion afforded to me in determining

the propriety of a final fees award, I GRANT IN PART Petitioner’s Motion, awarding a total

$78,325.40, reflecting $17,089.40 to the GW Clinic, and $48,896.00 to The Law Firm of Renée J.

Gentry, Esq. for attorney’s fees, plus $12,340.00 in costs to The Law Firm of Renée J. Gentry,

Esq. This shall be payable by two checks: one in the amount of $17,089.40 made payable jointly

to Petitioner and her attorney, Ms. Renee Gentry, the second in the amount of $61,236.00 made

payable jointly to Petitioner and her previous attorney Mr. Clifford Shoemaker. In the absence of

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a motion for review filed pursuant to RCFC Appendix B, the Clerk of the Court SHALL ENTER

JUDGMENT in accordance with the terms of this decision. 5

IT IS SO ORDERED.

/s/ Brian H. Corcoran

Brian H. Corcoran

Chief Special Master

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Pursuant to Vaccine Rule 11(a), the parties may expedite entry of judgment if (jointly or separately) they file notices

renouncing their right to seek review.

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