The opinion
Howard, J.
—The defendant, as keeper of a livery stable, claims a particular lien, by operation of law, upon the property replevied, for the board of the plaintiff’s mare in controversy.
A lien upon personal property, at common law, is founded on possession, actual or constructive, and the right to detain the property until some claim, in which the lien originates, is satisfied or discharged. It involves the right to an uninterrupted possession, while it exists, and is lost, or waived when possession is voluntarily surrendered.
The owner of a horse put at livery has the right to use and possess it at all times; and hence it is, that the keeper has no lien upon it for the keeping. The nature of the contract between the owner and keeper is such that the elements of a lien are wanting.
*155 The doctrines of particular liens, as applicable to innkeepers, and those who are bound to receive goods, and to bailees for hire, who by their labor and skill impart additional value to the goods, have never been extended by the common law to keepers of livery stables, or agistors of cattle. Chapman v. Allen, Cro. Car. 271; the case of an Hostler, Yelv. 67, f. n. 1; Yorke v. Greenaugh, 2 Ld. Ray. 868; Bevan v. Waters, 3 Car. & Payne, 520; Jackson v. Cummins, 5 Mees. & Welsh. 342; Grinnell v. Cook, 3 Hill, 485 , 491; Story on Agency, § 361, 367.
If the defendant had taken the horse to be kept and cured, as in the case of Lord v. Jones, 24 Maine, 439; or to be kept and trained for a race course, (as in Bevan v. Waters, 3 Car. & Payne, 520,) or for some other special purpose besides the keeping, he might have been entitled to a lien. But in this case there was no proof that the defendant was to keep the plaintiff’s mare for any special purpose, or in a manner different from his ordinary mode of keeping horses in his livery stable. The charge for “ doctoring her,” may have been reasonable; but it was for incidental services rendered in the usual course of keeping, and without any special contract therefor, and cannot create a lien by contract, by usage, or by the particular circumstances of the case.
But if the defendant had a lien upon the mare for her keeping, he cannot, on that account, detain the sleigh, and harness, and robes, replevied. A particular lien for the keeping must be restricted to the thing kept. It is a claim in rem which the keeper cannot extend to other property.
A default must be entered, according to the agreement.
Shepley, C. J., and Tenney, Rice and Appleton, J. J., concurred.