The opinion
Madsen, J.
(concurring)—Although I dissented in State v. Hutchinson, 135 Wn.2d 863, 889 , 959 P.2d 1061 (1998), I must concur in the result of the majority opinion here because Mr. Hutchinson has failed to carry his burden of establishing that the “constitutional error [s] worked to his ‘actual and substantial prejudice.’ ” In re Pers. Restraint of St. Pierre, 118 Wn.2d 321, 328 , 823 P.2d 492 (1992) (quoting In re Pers. Restraint of Haverty, 101 Wn.2d 498, 504 , 681 P.2d 835 (1984)).