holding that the Court of Federal Claims “does not have jurisdiction to review the decisions of district courts . . . relating to proceedings before those courts”
How later courts described this case
- holding that the Court of Federal Claims “does not have jurisdiction to review the decisions of district courts . . . relating to proceedings before those courts”
- explaining that such exceptional or extraordinary circumstances exist when, absent relief, a “grave miscarriage of justice” would result, and the “substantial rights” of the party would be harmed
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
In the United States Court of Federal Claims
(Pro Se)
)
KERRY L. SLOAN, )
)
Plaintiff, )
) No. 20-175C
v. ) (Filed: August 10, 2021)
)
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, )
)
Defendant. )
)
ORDER
On December 15, 2020, Court of Federal Claims Judge Lydia Kay Griggsby granted the
government’s motion to dismiss the above-captioned case for lack of jurisdiction. See Mem. Op.
and Order at 4, Dkt. No. 16 (explaining that this Court lacks jurisdiction over claims based on the
Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, because that constitutional provision is not
money-mandating); id. at 6 (explaining that, despite Plaintiff’s citation to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1495 and
2513 as the basis for his claim for monetary damages, Plaintiff did not allege any facts which
could demonstrate that he was entitled to relief pursuant to that statute). Accordingly, judgment
was entered and the case dismissed. Dkt. No. 17. On August 4, 2021, having received a
submission from Plaintiff, the Court directed the Clerk of Court to return Plaintiff’s documents
unfiled because the case had already been dismissed. See Order, Dkt. No. 18; see also Dkt. No.
18-1 (deficiency memorandum attached to that order).
The Court is now in receipt of Plaintiff’s most recent submission to the Clerk, consisting
of: (1) Plaintiff’s motion entitled “Unresolved Claim,” stating that this Court now has
jurisdiction under the Federal Tort Claims Act (“FTCA”), seeking damages pursuant to the
Tucker Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1491, and reasserting his claim for relief pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1495;
(2) a copy of the second page of Plaintiff’s original complaint, see Compl. at 2, Dkt. No. 1; (3) a
copy of the Court’s June 8, 2020 Show Cause Order; and (4) a copy of a July 13, 2021 order
dismissing for lack of jurisdiction a claim filed by Mr. Sloan in the Northern District of
Oklahoma in relation to his criminal case before that court.
Even if the Court were to construe Plaintiff’s filing as a motion for relief pursuant to Rule
60(b) of the Rules of the Court of Federal Claims (“RCFC”), for the reasons set forth below,
Plaintiff has not established that he is entitled to relief from judgment under RCFC 60(b).
RCFC 60(b) states that the Court “may relieve a party . . . from a final judgment, order,
or proceeding” for any of six enumerated reasons:
1
(1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect;
(2) newly discovered evidence that, with reasonable diligence,
could not have been discovered in time to move for a new trial
under RCFC 59(b);
(3) fraud (whether previously called intrinsic or extrinsic),
misrepresentation, or misconduct by an opposing party;
(4) the judgment is void;
(5) the judgment has been satisfied, released, or discharged; it is
based on an earlier judgment that has been reversed or vacated;
or applying it prospectively is no longer equitable; or
(6) any other reason that justifies relief.
RCFC 60(b).
“As a remedial provision, Rule 60(b) is to be ‘liberally construed for the purpose of doing
substantial justice.’” Patton v. Sec’y of Dep’t of Health & Human Servs., 25 F.3d 1021, 1030
(Fed. Cir. 1994) (citing 7 James W. Moore & Jo Desha Lucas, Moore’s Federal Practice
¶¶ 60.18[8], 60.19 (2d ed. 1993)). At the same time, “[t]he United States Supreme Court has
‘cautioned that the Rule should only be applied in extraordinary circumstances.’” Perry v. United
States, 558 F. App’x 1004, 1006 (Fed. Cir. 2014) (quoting Liljeberg v. Health Servs. Acquisition
Corp., 486 U.S. 847, 864 (1988)) (alterations omitted); see also Kennedy v. Sec’y of Health &
Human Servs., 99 Fed. Cl. 535, 548, aff’d, 485 F. App’x 435 (Fed. Cir. 2012) (explaining that
such exceptional or extraordinary circumstances exist when, absent relief, a “grave miscarriage
of justice” would result, and the “substantial rights” of the party would be harmed). Therefore, in
ruling on a motion under RCFC 60(b), a court must strike “a proper balance between the
conflicting principles that litigation must be brought to an end and that justice should be done.”
Hutchins v. Zoll Med. Corp., 492 F.3d 1377, 1386 (Fed. Cir. 2007) (quoting 11 Charles A.
Wright, Arthur R. Miller & Mary Kay Kane, Federal Practice and Procedure § 2851 (2d ed.
1995)).
Having considered Plaintiff’s submission, the Court concludes that none of Rule 60(b)’s
grounds for relief are met here. Mr. Sloan does not identify a specific subsection of RCFC 60(b)
pursuant to which he requests that the Court grant him relief from its earlier judgment. But
attached to his motion is an order issued by Judge Claire V. Eagan of the United States District
Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma dismissing for lack of jurisdiction his claims filed in
that court. In the order, Judge Eagan explained that the court presiding over Mr. Sloan’s criminal
case lacked jurisdiction over his civil claim for monetary damages pursuant to Bivens v. Six
Unknown Named Agents of Fed. Bureau of Narcotics, 403 U.S. 388 (1971). Citing that order,
the FTCA, Bivens, and 28 U.S.C. § 1491(a)(1), Mr. Sloan asserts that his claim before this Court
is now “ripe for litigation.” 1
1
To the extent that Mr. Sloan’s submission is intended to challenge the order issued by the
district court, this Court lacks jurisdiction to review decisions of the Federal district courts.
Joshua v. United States, 17 F.3d 378, 379 (Fed. Cir. 1994) (holding that the Court of Federal
Claims “does not have jurisdiction to review the decisions of district courts . . . relating to
proceedings before those courts”).
2
However, Mr. Sloan’s motion, which restates claims made in his initial complaint, does
not allege that he is entitled to relief from judgment due to a mistake; newly discovered
evidence; 2 fraud; or because the judgment is void, or has been satisfied, released or discharged.
In short, Mr. Sloan has not met any of the criteria which could justify relief under RCFC
60(b)(1)–(5). And he has not pointed to exceptional or extraordinary circumstances under which
this Court could grant relief pursuant to RCFC 60(b)(6). As explained in Judge Griggsby’s
December 15, 2020 Order, this Court lacks jurisdiction over claims based on the Fourth
Amendment to the United States Constitution, because that constitutional provision is not
money-mandating. Mem. Op. and Order at 4. Likewise, claims asserting a cause of action under
Bivens “lie outside the jurisdiction of the Court of Federal Claims” because “[t]he Tucker Act
grants the Court of Federal Claims jurisdiction over suits against the United States, not against
individual federal officials.” Brown v. United States, 105 F.3d 621, 624 (Fed. Cir. 1997). And
claims under the FTCA are also outside the Court’s subject matter jurisdiction. See Robleto v.
United States, 634 F. App’x 306, 308–09 (Fed. Cir. 2015) (per curiam); see also 28 U.S.C.
§ 1346(b)(1). Further, Plaintiff has not alleged any new facts which could demonstrate that he is
entitled to relief pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1495 and 2513. In other words, Mr. Sloan does not
reference any other money-mandating source of substantive law that would confer subject-matter
jurisdiction over any potentially related claims upon this Court under the Tucker Act.
Accordingly, Plaintiff has not provided the Court with any reason that he is entitled to
relief from judgment or demonstrated any “extraordinary circumstances” justifying relief under
any of the grounds set forth in RCFC 60(b)(1)–(6). Therefore, his motion is DENIED.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Elaine D. Kaplan
ELAINE D. KAPLAN
Chief Judge
2
RCFC 60(b)(2) does not provide any basis for the Court to grant Mr. Sloan relief from the
judgment based upon the additional documents he has appended to his motion. That provision
authorizes relief from judgment where the movant supplies “newly discovered evidence that,
with reasonable diligence, could not have been discovered in time to move for a new trial under
RCFC 59(b).” RCFC 60(b)(2). “In order to prevail on a Rule 60(b)(2) motion, a movant must
demonstrate . . . that the evidence is material and controlling and clearly would have produced a
different result if presented before the original judgment.” Venture Indus. Corp. v. Autoliv ASP.
Inc., 457 F.3d 1322, 1328 (Fed. Cir. 2006) (quoting Good v. Ohio Edison Co., 149 F.3d 413, 423
(6th Cir. 1998)) (omission in original). Plaintiff has made no such allegation here.
3