People v. Mayberry

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Illinois Official Reports the accuracy and

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document

Appellate Court Date: 2021.04.07

11:52:37 -05'00'

People v. Mayberry, 2020 IL App (1st) 181806

Appellate Court THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v.

Caption DAVID MAYBERRY, Defendant-Appellant.

District & No. First District, First Division

No. 1-18-1806

Filed September 8, 2020

Decision Under Appeal from the Circuit Court of Cook County, No. 13-CR-1952; the

Review Hon. Neil J. Linehan, Judge, presiding.

Judgment Affirmed.

Counsel on Richard Dvorak, of Dvorak Law Offices, LLC, of Willowbrook, for

Appeal appellant.

Kimberly M. Foxx, State’s Attorney, of Chicago (Alan J. Spellberg,

Hareena Meghani-Wakely, and William Bruce, Assistant State’s

Attorneys, of counsel), for the People.

Panel JUSTICE COGHLAN delivered the judgment of the court, with

opinion.

Presiding Justice Fitzgerald Smith and Justice Pucinski concurred in

the judgment and opinion.

OPINION

¶1 Following a shooting incident on October 7, 2012, defendant David Mayberry was

convicted of the attempted murders of Sedgwick Reavers, Marlon Triplett, Sharrod Corhn,

Anthony Wise, and Daniel Willis. On appeal, Mayberry argues that his conviction must be

reversed because (1) the trial court admitted improper hearsay testimony that “Lil Dave from

our hood” was the shooter, (2) the trial court erred by excluding evidence that an alternate

suspect committed the shootings, and (3) Mayberry’s counsel was ineffective for failing to

move to suppress Willis’s identification of him. We disagree and affirm.

¶2 I. BACKGROUND

¶3 At around 4:30 p.m. on October 7, 2012, Reavers was driving to his home in the Roseland

area of Chicago, accompanied by his brother Triplett and his friends Corhn and Wise. Reavers

parked outside the house, and the four men exited the car. As they were walking to the house,

a man opened fire on them from behind.

¶4 Corhn testified that when he heard the gunshots behind him, he fled without looking back

to see who the shooter was. Corhn, Triplett, and Wise all ran into the gangway alongside the

house. (Corhn did not see what happened to Reavers.) At the end of the gangway was a small

gate, which Triplett and Wise jumped over; Corhn climbed over the gate, slower than the others

because he had been shot in the foot. He could still hear gunfire behind him as he was climbing.

¶5 By the time Corhn made it over the gate, Wise was gone. Triplett, who had also been shot,

was lying on the ground. Corhn helped Triplett to his feet and asked, “Who was that?” Triplett

did not reply. With Triplett limping from his injuries, the two of them jogged a couple blocks

to a neighbor’s house and told them to call an ambulance. Once they were inside, Corhn again

asked, “Who was that?” Triplett said, “Lil Dave from our hood.” The defense raised a hearsay

objection to this testimony, but the trial court admitted it as an excited utterance.

¶6 Reavers testified that when he heard the gunshots, he looked behind him and saw the

shooter, then ran for the gangway with the others. As he reached the gangway, he was shot in

the hip and fell to the ground, unable to run farther.

¶7 The shooting was witnessed by Willis, an off-duty Chicago police officer who lived in

Roseland. Willis was driving home in his personal vehicle when he saw a man step from

between two parked cars and fire at a group of men standing across the street. Willis estimated

he was around 30 to 50 feet away from the shooter when he initially saw him.

¶8 Willis observed the victims run into a nearby gangway. The shooter briefly pursued them,

crossing in front of Willis’s car, and then came back the other way, again crossing in front of

Willis’s car before running into an alley. Willis drove into the alley, accelerated, and hit a

speed bump, causing his car to go “up in the air” and then stop. The shooter also stopped,

turned around, and fired two shots at Willis’s car, striking the windshield. He was standing

approximately 50 feet away and Willis could see his face.

¶9 Willis opened his car door and, while using the door as cover, fired around six shots at the

shooter. The shooter fled. Willis cautiously drove to the exit of the alley, but the shooter was

nowhere in sight. According to Willis, the entire exchange lasted around 30 to 45 seconds.

¶ 10 Afterwards, police and paramedics arrived on the scene. Reavers, Corhn, and Triplett were

all taken to the hospital and treated for gunshot wounds. When Triplett was brought to the

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emergency room, he reported a pain level of 10 out of 10; he had a gunshot wound to the base

of his penis, two gunshot holes on the front of his right scapula, and two gunshot holes on his

right buttock. Meanwhile, at the scene, Willis described the shooter to police as a black man

around 6’0” to 6’1” tall, with a light complexion and wearing a black skull cap, a black hoodie,

and dark pants.

¶ 11 On the same day, Tiffany Davis was visiting her mother, who lived in Roseland around

two blocks away from Reavers and Triplett’s house. Shortly after 4:30 p.m., while Davis was

in the living room, she heard gunshots and looked out the window to see what was happening.

She saw a man wearing a black hoodie and dark pants walking down the sidewalk towards

107th Street. Davis watched him until he disappeared from her sight. Shortly afterwards, the

man re-appeared, walking the other way. Then the man appeared a third time, again walking

toward 107th Street, but he was no longer wearing the black hoodie; instead, he had on a white

T-shirt. A silver Oldsmobile Alero pulled up nearby, the driver popped open the back door, the

man jumped inside, and the car drove away. Davis estimated the entire encounter was 5 to 10

minutes long.

¶ 12 After the car left, Davis heard sirens and saw police in the area. She went outside and told

the officers what she had seen. One of those officers was Officer Hernandez. After hearing

Davis’s story, Hernandez searched the area and, two-to-four houses away, found a black skull

cap and a black hoodie behind a bush. Hernandez guarded the items until they were collected

by an evidence technician.

¶ 13 In the days following the incident, Willis had several conversations with Charlene Hardley,

who was Reavers and Triplett’s grandmother. Hardley provided Willis with a name: David

Mayberry. After their final conversation on November 8, 2012, Willis looked up David

Mayberry on Facebook, found a picture of him, and recognized him as the shooter. 1

¶ 14 Willis forwarded this information to detectives who were working on the case. Later that

evening, detectives showed Willis an array of six photos, including Mayberry’s photo. Willis

identified Mayberry as the shooter and was “100 percent certain” of his identification. On the

same day, police showed the same photo array to Davis, who identified Mayberry as the person

she saw walking back and forth in front of her mother’s house.

¶ 15 At trial, defense counsel vigorously cross-examined Willis regarding his identification.

Counsel asked if it was true that Willis initially only gave police a vague description of the

shooter as a black man in his 20s wearing black clothes. Counsel also asked: “[I]sn’t it true

that your memory of the incident got better, much better, after you saw the Facebook page?”

Willis denied both of these things, saying that he gave police a detailed description and that

Mayberry’s face was “etched in [his] memory” from the actual incident. He stated that, as a

former SWAT officer, he learned over the years to pay attention to details.

¶ 16 Defense counsel additionally questioned Willis about the photo lineup. Willis

acknowledged that the six lineup photos had different colored backgrounds—including light

blue, yellow, and gray—but Mayberry’s photo was the only one with a white background.

Willis also acknowledged that Mayberry was the only light-skinned individual in the lineup.

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Willis also had multiple conversations about the case with Michelle Robinson, who was Reavers

and Triplett’s mother, but he could not recall whether she pointed him towards Mayberry’s Facebook

page.

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¶ 17 On December 21, 2012, detectives interviewed Reavers, who was in prison for an unrelated

offense. Reavers viewed a photo array and signed a photo of Mayberry. He also signed a lineup

advisory form stating that he understood that he was not required to make an identification and

that the suspect might or might not be in the photo lineup. Nevertheless, at trial, Reavers

testified that he was “100 percent sure” that the shooter was not Mayberry, with whom he had

been friends since he was 12 years old. He claimed that in the December 21 interview, the

detectives asked him if he knew anyone in the photo array; he told them that he knew Mayberry

and signed Mayberry’s photo solely to signify that fact. He denied telling the detectives that

Mayberry was the one who shot him. He admitted that he “beat [Mayberry] up” a week or two

before the shooting, but he claimed the incident was not indicative of ill will between them,

saying: “I fight with all my friends and brothers.”

¶ 18 In contrast, Detective Danny Stover, one of the interviewing detectives, testified that

Reavers identified Mayberry as the shooter. Reavers told Stover that he and Mayberry, who

was also known as Lil Dave, were both members of the Black P. Stone Nation. A week or two

before the shooting, Reavers got into a fight with Mayberry because he believed Mayberry had

wronged a friend of his. During the shooting, while Reavers was lying in the gangway

pretending to be dead, he saw that Mayberry was the shooter. Reavers signed the picture of

Mayberry in the photo array, but then told Stover: “I’m not going to testify. I’m not coming to

court. I’ll let the streets take care of [Mayberry].”

¶ 19 Mayberry was arrested on December 28, 2012. The next day, Willis and Davis both

identified Mayberry at an in-person lineup. A DNA sample from Mayberry was compared with

DNA found on the hoodie recovered at the scene. 2 Three DNA profiles were present on the

hoodie, one of which was identified as the major profile and matched Mayberry’s DNA profile.

This DNA profile would be expected to occur in approximately 1 in 240 quintillion black, 1 in

2.3 sextillion white, or 1 in 15 sextillion Hispanic unrelated individuals. Additionally, gunshot

residue testing of the hoodie revealed gunshot residue on the left cuff, the right cuff, and the

inside of the right front pocket.

¶ 20 Finally, Kimberly Hofsteadter, an employee at the Cook County Department of

Corrections, published several phone calls made by Mayberry while he was in jail. In one of

the calls, Mayberry discussed selling a silver Oldsmobile Alero.

¶ 21 The jury found Mayberry guilty of the attempted murders of Reavers, Triplett, Corhn,

Wise, and Willis. Mayberry was sentenced to an aggregate term of 155 years’ imprisonment.

¶ 22 II. ANALYSIS

¶ 23 Mayberry argues that his conviction must be reversed because (1) the trial court admitted

improper hearsay testimony that “Lil Dave from [the] hood” was the shooter, (2) the trial court

erred by excluding evidence that the gun used in the shooting was also used in another crime

while Mayberry was in custody on this case, and (3) Mayberry’s counsel was ineffective for

failing to move to suppress Willis’s identification of him. We consider these contentions in

turn. 3

2

The skull cap did not contain any DNA profiles suitable for comparison.

3

Although neither party has raised this issue, we note that Mayberry’s 66-page opening brief

exceeds the 50-page limit provided in Rule 341(b)(1). Ill. S. Ct. R. 341(b)(1) (eff. May 25, 2018). We

caution Mayberry’s counsel that Rule 341’s length limits are not inconsequential, and parties who

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¶ 24 A. Triplett’s Identification of Mayberry

¶ 25 Mayberry first argues that the trial court erred in allowing Corhn to testify that Triplett told

him “Lil Dave from [the] hood” was the shooter. The State argues that Triplett’s statement was

correctly admitted as an excited utterance.

¶ 26 Mayberry acknowledges that he has forfeited this issue by failing to raise it in his posttrial

motion. People v. Enoch, 122 Ill. 2d 176, 186 (1988) (to preserve issue for review, defendant

must both object at trial and raise the issue in a posttrial motion). Mayberry nevertheless argues

that we may consider the issue under the plain error doctrine, which allows us to review “clear

and obvious” unpreserved errors when either (1) the evidence is so closely balanced that the

error threatened to tip the scales against the defendant or (2) the error “is so serious that it

affected the fairness of the defendant’s trial and challenged the integrity of the judicial

process.” People v. Piatkowski, 225 Ill. 2d 551, 565 (2007).

¶ 27 We begin by considering whether any error occurred. See People v. Johnson, 218 Ill. 2d

125, 139 (2005) (“Clearly, there can be no plain error if there is no error ***.”). Hearsay is an

out-of-court statement, other than one made by the testifying declarant, offered to prove the

truth of the matter asserted. Ill. R. Evid. 801(c) (eff. Oct. 15, 2015). In general, hearsay is

inadmissible (Ill. R. Evid. 802 (eff. Jan. 1, 2011)), but an exception exists for excited

utterances, defined as “statement[s] relating to a startling event or condition made while the

declarant was under the stress of excitement caused by the event or condition” (Ill. R. Evid.

803(2) (eff. Apr. 26, 2012)). Such statements have enhanced reliability because when people

are under physical or mental shock, the stress of the situation typically causes them to express

their genuine beliefs as to facts they have just observed. People v. Connolly, 406 Ill. App. 3d

1022, 1024 (2011). Thus, for this exception to apply, there must be (1) an event sufficiently

startling to produce a “spontaneous and unreflecting” statement, (2) an absence of time to

fabricate, and (3) a relation between the statement and the circumstances of the event. People

v. Sutton, 233 Ill. 2d 89, 107 (2009). Whether a statement qualifies as an excited utterance is

within the discretion of the trial court. Id.

¶ 28 Mayberry does not contest that the shooting was a sufficiently startling event (see People

v. Elrod, 190 Ill. App. 3d 1004, 1013 (1989) (gunshot wound is sufficiently startling to produce

an unreflected response)) or that Triplett’s statement related to the circumstances of the

shooting. Rather, Mayberry argues that Triplett’s statement was not an excited utterance

because he was no longer experiencing an ongoing emergency by the time he identified “Lil

Dave” as the shooter.

¶ 29 But the excited utterance exception is not limited to statements made during an ongoing

emergency. Rather, the critical inquiry is “whether the statement was made while the

excitement of the event predominated.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) People v. Williams,

193 Ill. 2d 306, 353 (2000). For instance, in Elrod, 190 Ill. App. 3d at 1013, a shooting victim

made a statement to a detective while being wheeled into the emergency room within 10

minutes of the shooting. Although the shooting was already over, and the victim had been

removed to a place of safety to receive medical care, his statement qualified as an excited

exceed them do so at their peril. Lundy v. Farmers Group, Inc., 322 Ill. App. 3d 214, 218 (2001).

Nevertheless, we decline to strike the brief, as the excessive length does not impair our review of the

issues. Barrett v. Fonorow, 343 Ill. App. 3d 1184, 1188 (2003) (declining to strike a brief for exceeding

length limitations where rule violation did not hamper the court’s review of the issues).

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utterance because the circumstances indicated that it “obviously sprang from the shock of the

event and not from conscious deliberation or calculation.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.)

Id. at 1014; see also People v. Perkins, 2018 IL App (1st) 133981, ¶ 71 (shooting victim’s

statement to police qualified as an excited utterance even though it occurred an hour and a half

after the shooting, while the victim was being treated in the emergency room).

¶ 30 Here, Triplett identified “Lil Dave” as the shooter immediately after being ambushed and

shot and then limping a couple blocks to a neighbor’s house. He was sitting in the vestibule of

the house, waiting for an ambulance while bleeding and in excruciating pain. As our supreme

court stated in Sutton, 233 Ill. 2d at 108, “[w]e believe it is inconceivable *** that [the victim]

would have spent the time under these conditions to attempt to fabricate a story or statement

about the event.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Thus, the trial court correctly admitted

his statement as an excited utterance.

¶ 31 For the first time on appeal, Mayberry also argues that admission of Triplett’s statement

violated his right to confront his accusers under Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36 (2004).

Crawford held that the confrontation clause of the sixth amendment bars “testimonial” hearsay

statements from being admitted against a criminal defendant, unless the declarant is

unavailable to testify and the defendant had a prior opportunity to cross-examine the declarant.

Id. at 53-54.

¶ 32 The State argues that no error occurred because Triplett’s statement was not “testimonial.”

To decide whether a statement is testimonial, we must determine “whether, *** viewed

objectively, the ‘primary purpose’ of the conversation was to ‘creat[e] an out-of-court

substitute for trial testimony.’ ” Ohio v. Clark, 576 U.S. ___, ___, 135 S. Ct. 2173, 2180 (2015)

(quoting Michigan v. Bryant, 562 U.S. 344, 358 (2011)). Thus, statements not made to law

enforcement officers are “much less likely to be testimonial” than statements to law

enforcement officers. Id. at ___, 135 S. Ct. at 2181; see also Crawford, 541 U.S. at 68 (the

term “testimonial” applies “at a minimum” to police interrogations, as well as testimony at a

preliminary hearing, before a grand jury, or at a prior trial).

¶ 33 Our supreme court has held that a testimonial statement is one that (1) is made in a solemn

fashion and (2) is intended to establish a particular fact. Sutton, 233 Ill. 2d at 111 (citing People

v. Stechly, 225 Ill. 2d 246, 281, 282 (2007)).

“A statement is made in a solemn fashion if it is formal (such as under oath or made to

a police officer) or if there is some threat of consequences for dishonesty. [Citations.]

A statement is intended to establish a particular fact if the declarant is acting in a

manner analogous to a witness at trial, giving information about past events that could

potentially be relevant to a later criminal prosecution.” People v. Cleary, 2013 IL App

(3d) 110610, ¶ 56 (citing Stechly, 225 Ill. 2d at 281-82, and Sutton, 233 Ill. 2d at 119-

20).

¶ 34 In this case, Triplett’s statement to Corhn was not made in a solemn fashion. Corhn was a

friend and a fellow victim of the shooting, not a law enforcement official or other authority

figure who could impose consequences for dishonesty. Moreover, given the severity of

Triplett’s wounds, a reasonable person in his position would not have anticipated that what he

said to his friend while waiting for medical personnel to arrive would later be used in a

prosecution. In sum, under the circumstances, we do not find that the primary purpose of the

conversation was to create an out-of-court substitute for trial testimony. See People v. Lisle,

376 Ill. App. 3d 67, 81 (2007) (shooting victim’s statement to aunt, made 18 minutes after the

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shooting while waiting for medical personnel to arrive, was not testimonial). Accordingly,

admission of Triplett’s statement did not violate Crawford.

¶ 35 B. Alternate-Suspect Evidence

¶ 36 Mayberry next argues that the trial court improperly excluded evidence that the gun used

in the shooting was also used in an unrelated shooting while Mayberry was in custody on this

case.

¶ 37 As noted, the shooting occurred on October 7, 2012. Mayberry was arrested on December

28, 2012; no weapon was recovered at that time. On January 16, 2013, there was a shooting at

99th Street in Chicago, after which police recovered a gun discarded on the side of the road.

Ballistics testing revealed that the discarded gun was the same gun used by the shooter in the

present case. Mayberry’s fingerprints were not present on the gun.

¶ 38 The State filed a motion in limine to prohibit Mayberry from introducing any evidence as

to the recovery of the gun. Mayberry argued that the evidence was relevant because it created

reasonable doubt as to whether he was in possession of the gun on the date of the shooting.

Following arguments by the parties, the trial court granted the State’s motion, finding the

evidence “too remote and too speculative.” The court explained:

“[T]hese guns are as fluid as anything can be on the street. I could do a murder and

hand it off to somebody else five hours later and it be used in another crime. It’s a small

item. It’s something that can go back and forth between people. It’s something that can

be hidden.”

¶ 39 The admissibility of evidence is within the trial court’s sound discretion, and we will not

reverse the trial court’s ruling absent an abuse of discretion. People v. Kirchner, 194 Ill. 2d

502, 539 (2000). In general, a defendant may present evidence regarding an alternate suspect

if the evidence is relevant, i.e., it makes the existence of a material fact more or less likely than

it would be without the evidence. Id. However, such evidence is properly excluded if its

connection to the crime at issue is overly remote or speculative. Id. at 539-40; People v.

Beaman, 229 Ill. 2d 56, 75 (2008); see also Wilson v. Firkus, 457 F. Supp. 2d 865, 886 (N.D.

Ill. 2006) (because a defendant has a sixth amendment right to present evidence on his own

behalf, it is not constitutionally permissible to alter ordinary relevancy rules when it comes to

admission of third-party exculpatory evidence, but it is permissible to exclude evidence “that

is unreliable or of marginal relevance to the case at hand”).

¶ 40 Here, Mayberry intended to put forth the perpetrator of the January 16, 2013, shooting as

an alternate suspect for the shootings in this case, which occurred more than three months

earlier. But possession of the gun—a small handheld item that can easily be given to, or taken

by, another person—is the only link between these incidents. Cf. People v. Davis, 278 Ill. App.

3d 532, 540 (1996) (evidence was insufficient to convict defendant of murder even though

defendant was the owner and last known possessor of the gun used in the fatal shooting).

Particularly in light of the trial court’s cogent explanation for its decision, we do not find that

the trial court abused its discretion in excluding this evidence as overly remote and speculative.

¶ 41 In this regard, the present case is analogous to Kirchner, 194 Ill. 2d 502, where the

defendant was charged with fatally stabbing multiple victims. His friend Warner testified that

defendant stole the murder knife from his house on the day of the murders. Defendant sought

to introduce evidence that Warner was in possession of the knife several weeks before the

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murders. Kirchner held that exclusion of this evidence was proper because (1) it was “too

remote” to establish that Warner possessed the knife at the time of the murders and (2) it did

not undermine Warner’s claim that defendant stole the knife. Id. at 540. Similarly, in this case,

the fact that another individual possessed the gun on January 16, 2013, does not undermine the

State’s claim that Mayberry possessed it three months earlier on October 7, 2012.

¶ 42 Mayberry cites Firkus, 457 F. Supp. 2d 865, Beaman, 229 Ill. 2d 56, People v. Wilson, 149

Ill. App. 3d 293 (1986), and People v. Nitti, 312 Ill. 73 (1924), as cases where alternate-suspect

evidence was found to be relevant and material to the defense. These cases are distinguishable

because they all involved a significantly stronger nexus between the alternate suspect and the

crime at issue. In Firkus, 457 F. Supp. 2d 865, the nexus was modus operandi: defendant was

charged with the unprovoked stabbing of a victim at a bus stop. Thus, it was relevant that a

third party, Wagner, committed five unprovoked stabbing attacks in the same two-week period

within an approximate one-mile radius, particularly since one of Wagner’s attacks was

strikingly similar to the crime for which defendant was charged (it occurred in a nearly

identical manner at a bus stop six blocks away). Id. at 886-87. By contrast, the record does not

reflect any similarity in the modus operandi of the October 7 and January 16 shootings, or any

other commonalities between the crimes.

¶ 43 Beaman, 229 Ill. 2d 56, Wilson, 149 Ill. App. 3d 293, and Nitti, 312 Ill. 73, all involved

alternate suspects who had a connection to the victims and were linked to the crimes by

circumstances, motivation, or both. In Beaman, 229 Ill. 2d at 74, the alternate suspect was the

victim’s ex-boyfriend. He had a history of domestic abuse and a pending charge for domestic

battery, and he refused to cooperate with a polygraph examination; police considered him a

“viable suspect” at the time of defendant’s trial. Id. at 67-68. In Wilson, 149 Ill. App. 3d at 296,

the alternate suspect had been involved in a violent argument with the victims hours before

they were murdered, his fingerprints were found at the scene of the crime, and the day after

the bodies were discovered, he was arrested while driving a car belonging to one of the victims.

Finally, in Nitti, 312 Ill. at 89-90, the alternate suspect was the victim’s son who, two weeks

before the victim’s disappearance, got into a fight with the victim and nearly beat him

unconscious.

¶ 44 Again, the record does not reflect that the alleged perpetrator of the January 16 shooting

had any such connection to the present case. Accordingly, Mayberry’s cases are inapposite,

and the trial court acted within its discretion in barring him from introducing alternate-suspect

evidence.

¶ 45 C. Willis’s Identification

¶ 46 Mayberry finally argues that his counsel was ineffective for failing to move to suppress

Willis’s identification of him. He argues that there was “a very substantial likelihood of

irreparable misidentification” (internal quotation marks omitted) (People v. Gabriel, 398 Ill.

App. 3d 332, 348 (2010)) because Willis looked up Mayberry’s photo on Facebook prior to

viewing the photo array in which he identified him as the shooter.

¶ 47 To prove ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must show that (1) counsel’s

performance was objectively unreasonable and (2) defendant was thereby prejudiced. People

v. Patterson, 2014 IL 115102, ¶ 81 (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 694

(1984)). For the performance prong, we are mindful that counsel’s decision not to file a motion

to suppress is typically “ ‘a matter of trial strategy, which is entitled to great deference.’ ”

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People v. Bew, 228 Ill. 2d 122, 128 (2008) (quoting People v. White, 221 Ill. 2d 1, 21 (2006)).

For the prejudice prong, Mayberry bears the burden of demonstrating “that the unargued

suppression motion is meritorious, and that a reasonable probability exists that the trial

outcome would have been different had the evidence been suppressed.” People v. Henderson,

2013 IL 114040, ¶ 15.

¶ 48 Here, we find that no prejudice could have resulted to Mayberry from his counsel’s actions

because even without Willis’s identification, the evidence against Mayberry was

overwhelming. Minutes after the shooting, Triplett identified the shooter as “Lil Dave” (i.e.,

Mayberry), whom he knew from the neighborhood. A couple blocks away, Davis observed

Mayberry walking past her window, wearing clothes that matched the shooter’s clothes, before

he took off his hoodie and jumped into a getaway vehicle. Shortly thereafter, police recovered

Mayberry’s hoodie and a black skull cap discarded behind a bush, and Mayberry’s hoodie

tested positive for gunshot residue on both cuffs and on the inside of the right front pocket.

¶ 49 Finally, Reavers viewed a photo array and signed a photo of Mayberry, whom he knew

since he was 12 years old. He also signed a lineup advisory form indicating that the suspect

might or might not be in the photo array. Although Reavers denied at trial that Mayberry was

the shooter, Stover contradicted Reavers’ testimony in this regard, and Reavers admitted

fighting with Mayberry a week or two before the shooting.

¶ 50 In light of this evidence, we find no reasonable probability that the outcome of the trial

would have been different if Willis’s identification had been suppressed. Accordingly, we

reject Mayberry’s ineffective assistance of counsel claim. See Patterson, 2014 IL 115102, ¶ 87

(claims of ineffective assistance of counsel may be decided on Strickland’s prejudice prong

alone).

¶ 51 III. CONCLUSION

¶ 52 For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

¶ 53 Affirmed.

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