The opinion
In the United States Court of Federal Claims
OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
Filed: January 26, 2021
* * * * * * * * * * * * *
ZINA SANDERS, * UNPUBLISHED
*
Petitioner, * No. 18-452V
*
v. * Special Master Gowen
*
SECRETARY OF HEALTH * Attorneys’ Fees and Costs;
AND HUMAN SERVICES, * Order Concluding Proceedings.
*
Respondent. *
* * * * * * * * * * * * *
Donald P. Edwards, Law Office of Donald P. Edwards, Atlanta, GA, for petitioner.
Mallori B. Openchowski, United States Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for respondent.
DECISION ON ATTORNEYS’ FEES AND COSTS1
On September 3, 2020, Zina Sanders (“petitioner”) filed a motion for attorneys’ fees and
costs. Petitioner’s Motion for Attorney Fees (“Fees App.”) (ECF No. 43). For the reasons
discussed below, petitioner’s motion is granted and award $19,288.89 in attorneys’ fees and
costs.
I. Procedural History
On March 27, 2018, petitioner filed a petition pursuant to the National Vaccine Injury
Compensation Program.2 Petition (ECF No. 1). Petitioner alleged that as a result of receiving
the inactivated polio vaccine (“IPV”) on March 28, 2015, she suffered a neurological condition.
Id. at ¶¶ 2-7. Petitioner also submitted medical records accompanying her petition. Petitioner’s
1
Pursuant to the E-Government Act of 2002, see 44 U.S.C. § 3501 note (2012), because this opinion contains a
reasoned explanation for the action in this case, I am required to post it on the website of the United States Court of
Federal Claims. The court’s website is at http://www.uscfc.uscourts.gov/aggregator/sources/7. This means the
opinion will be available to anyone with access to the Internet. Before the opinion is posted on the court’s
website, each party has 14 days to file a motion requesting redaction “of any information furnished by that party:
(1) that is a trade secret or commercial or financial in substance and is privileged or confidential; or (2) that
includes medical files or similar files, the disclosure of which would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
privacy.” Vaccine Rule 18(b). An objecting party must provide the court with a proposed redacted version of the
opinion. Id. If neither party files a motion for redaction within 14 days, the opinion will be posted on the
court’s website without any changes. Id.
2
The Program comprises Part 2 of the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, 42 U.S.C. §§ 300aa-10 et
seq. (hereinafter “Vaccine Act” or “the Act”). Hereafter, individual section references will be to 42 U.S.C. § 300aa
of the Act.
Exhibits (“Pet. Ex.”) 1-6. Between July 16, 2018 and October 22, 2018, petitioner filed
additional medical records. See Pet. Exs. 7-13).
On February 19, 2019, respondent filed his Rule 4(c) report, stating that this case is not
appropriate for compensation under the terms of the Act. Respondent’s Report (“Resp. Rept.”)
at 1 (ECF No. 23). Respondent stated that the “medical records fail to provide preponderant
proof that petitioner has indeed been diagnosed with the condition for which she seeks
compensation, a “GBS mimicking” neurological condition.” Id. at 10. Additionally, respondent
observed that petitioner had yet to offer a reputable scientific or medical theory establishing that
the IPV vaccination was the cause of her injury. Id. at 11.
On March 26, 2019, I held an initial status conference in this case. Scheduling Order
(ECF No. 24). During the status conference I stated, “Based on a review of the existing medical
records and Respondent’s report, this case may be difficult for petitioner to prevail without a
clear diagnosis and additional medical evidence that supports the diagnosis.” Id. at 2. I ordered
petitioner to file updated medical records, which were requested by respondent and file an expert
report to support vaccine causation. Id.
Petitioner filed updated medical records on May 14, 2019. Pet. Exs. 14-16 (ECF No. 26).
On October 1, 2019, petitioner filed a letter from Dr. Albert Cook, M.D., which stated that he
had reviewed petitioner’s medical records and performed additional diagnostic tests on the
petitioner to try to establish a diagnosis that accounts for her neurologic changes. Pet. Expert
Report (ECF No. 34). Dr. Cook stated that “she has multiple features on her neurological exam
that are consistent with prior injury to the right cerebral hemisphere,” and that he hoped he could
offer a more precise diagnosis after reviewing her prior military medical records. Id.
On October 24, 2019, I held a second status conference in this case. Scheduling Order
(ECF No. 36). During the status I explained that the onset of petitioner’s symptoms, within
twenty-four hours of receiving the IPV vaccine, is highly unusual. Id. I also stated that
petitioner should obtain all medical records from three years prior to the vaccine, which may
help shed light on the petitioner’s injury or diagnosis. Id. Petitioner was granted sixty days to
file additional medical records. Id.
On December 18, 2019, petitioner filed a motion for an extension of time to file
additional medical records to permit her to be considered for admission to a specialized program.
Pet. Mot. for Enlargement of Time (ECF No. 37). Petitioner requested that deadlines for this
case bee stayed until a determination whether she qualifies for an appointment in the specialized
program. Id. On December 26, 2019, I granted petitioner’s motion and stayed additional
deadlines. Order Granting Petitioner’s Motion (ECF No. 38). I ordered petitioner to file a status
report as soon as petitioner’s status with the specialized program was made available. Id.
On February 2, 2020, petitioner filed a status report stating that she was not accepted into
the specialized program and she intends to dismiss her petition. Pet. Status Rept. (ECF No. 39).
On March 12, 2020, petitioner filed a Stipulation for Dismissal, requesting that the petition be
dismissed without prejudice pursuant to Rule 21(a)(1)(B). Stipulation for Voluntary Dismissal
(ECF No. 40).
2
On March 13, 2020, I issued an Order Concluding Proceedings, dismissing the petition
without prejudice. Order Concluding Proceedings (ECF No. 41).
On September 3, 2020, petitioner filed the instant motion for attorneys’ fees and costs.
Fees App. Petitioner is requesting $19,339.40 in attorneys’ fees and $791.99 in costs, for a total
of $20,131.39. Fees App. Attachment 1 at 6.
Respondent filed a response to petitioner’s motion on September 24, 2020. Resp.
Response (ECF No. 45). Respondent deferred to the court regarding whether the statutory
requirements for an award of attorneys’ fees and costs are met in this case. Resp. Response at 2.
Respondent stated that litigations costs must be reasonable and special masters are accorded
“wide discretion in determining the reasonableness” of a petitioner’s request for both attorneys’
fees and costs. Id. at 3 (citing Perreira v Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 27 Fed. Cl. 29, 34
(1992), aff’d, 33 F. 3d 1375 (Fed. Cir. 1994). Therefore, respondent respectfully requests that
the Court exercise its discretion and determine a reasonable award for attorneys’ fees and costs.
Id. at 4.
This matter is now ripe for adjudication.
II. Legal Standard
The Vaccine Act provides that reasonable attorney’s fees and costs “shall be awarded”
for a petition that results in compensation. § 15(e)(1)(A)-(B). Even when compensation is not
awarded, reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs “may” be awarded “if the special master or court
determines that the petition was brought in good faith and there was a reasonable basis for which
the claim was brought.” § 15(e)(1). The Federal Circuit has reasoned that in formulating this
standard, Congress intended “to ensure that vaccine injury claimants have readily available a
competent bar to prosecute their claims.” Cloer v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 675 F.3d
1358, 1362 (Fed. Cir. 2012).
“Good faith” and “reasonable basis” are two distinct requirements. Simmons v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., 875 F.3d 632, 635 (Fed. Cir. 2017) (citing Chuisano v. Sec’y of Health
& Human Servs., 116 Fed. Cl. 276, 289 (2014)). “Good faith” is a subjective test, satisfied
through subjective evidence. Cottingham v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 971 F.3d 1337
(2020).
Petitioners “bea[r] the burden of establishing the hours expended, the rates charged, and
the expenses incurred” are reasonable. Wasson v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 24 Cl. Ct.
482, 484 (1993). Adequate proof of the claimed fees and costs should be presented when the
motion is filed. Id. at 484 n.1. The special master has the discretion to reduce awards sua
sponte, independent of enumerated objections from the respondent. Sabella v. Sec’y of Health &
Human Servs., 86 Fed. Cl. 201, 208-09 (Fed. Cl. 2009); Savin v. Sec’y of Health & Human
Servs., 85 Fed. Cl. 313 (Fed. Cl. 2008), aff’d No. 99-537V, 2008 WL 2066611 (Fed. Cl. Spec.
Mstr. Apr. 22, 2008). Special masters may look to their experience and judgment to reduce the
number of hours billed to a level they find reasonable for the work performed. Saxton v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., 3 F.3d 1517, 1521 (Fed. Cir. 1993). A line-by-line evaluation of the
3
billing records is not required. Wasson, 24 Cl. Ct., aff’d in relevant part, 988 F.2d 131 (Fed Cir.
1993) (per curiam).
III. Analysis
I find no reason to doubt the good faith and reasonable basis for which the claim was
brought. Petitioner asserted that she suffered a neurological condition soon after and as a result
of receiving the IPV vaccination as part of her military service. Although it ultimately appeared
unlikely that petitioner would be entitled to recovery after a careful review of the case, including
the medical records, petitioner’s counsel complied with court orders and filed the motion to
conclude proceedings after it became evident that she would be unable to establish entitlement at
this time. Accordingly, I find that petitioner should be awarded reasonable attorneys’ fees and
costs.
A. Hourly Rate
A “reasonable hourly rate” is defined as the rate “prevailing in the community for similar
services by lawyers of reasonably comparable skill, experience, and reputation.” Avera, 515 F.
3d at 1348. In general, this rate is based on “the forum rate for the District of Columbia” rather
than “the rate in the geographic area of the practice of petitioner’s attorney.” Rodriquez v. Sec’y
of Health & Human Servs., 632 F.3dd 1381, 1384 (Fed. Cir. 2011) (citing Avera, 515 F. 3d at
1349).
For cases in which forum rates apply, McCulloch provides the framework for
determining the appropriate hourly rate range for attorneys’ fees based upon the attorney’s
experience. McCulloch v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 09-293V, 2015 WL 56343323
(Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 1, 2015). The Office of Special Masters has adopted the framework
set forth in McCulloch and has promulgated updated rates for subsequent years. In this case, Mr.
Edwards practices in Atlanta, Georgia and has been awarded forum rates in the past. Therefore,
forum rates apply in this case.
Petitioner requests compensation for attorneys, Mr. Donald Edwards and Mr. Cameron
D. Hawkins. Petitioner requests that Mr. Edwards be reimbursed at an hourly rate of $465.00 per
hour for work performed in 2015 through 2020. Fees App. Attachment 1. Petitioner requests
that Mr. Hawkins be reimbursed at an hourly rate of $350.00 per hour for work performed on her
case in 2018 and 2019. Id.
The rate of $465.00 per hour for work performed in 2015-2018 exceeds the forum rate
established by the Office of Special Masters for an attorney of Mr. Edwards experience. The Fee
Schedule shows that a lawyer with 44 years of experience, like Mr. Edwards, is entitled to
$385.00-430.00 per hour in 2015 and 2016; $394.00-440.00 in 2017 and $407-455 in 2018. Mr.
Edwards is an experienced trial attorney within the Vaccine Injury Program. As such, I will
award Mr. Edwards $430.00 per hour for work performed in 2015 and 2016; $440.00 per hour
for his work performed in 2017; and $455.00 per hour for work performed in 2018.3 This hourly
3
Office of Special Masters Attorneys’ Forum Hourly Rate Fee Scheduled, accessed at:
http://www.cofc.uscourts.gov/node/2914
4
rate is consistent with other awards for Mr. Edwards in the Vaccine Program. See Means v.
Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 12-740V, 2017 WL 2856411, at *1-2 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr.
June 5, 2017) (reducing requested attorney’s hourly rate to the highest fee schedule hourly rate).
Mr. Edwards will be awarded $465.00 per hour for work performed in 2019 and 2020.
When Mr. Hawkins worked on petitioner’s case, he had ten years of experience
practicing the law and his rates requested are within the forum rate fee schedule. Therefore, Mr.
Hawkins will be awarded $350.00 per hour for work performed in 2018 and 2019 on petitioner’s
case.
B. Reasonable Time Expended
Attorneys’ fees are awarded for the “number of hours reasonably expended on the
litigation.” Avera, 515 F.3d at 1348. Counsel should not include in their fee requests hours that
are “excessive, redundant, or otherwise unnecessary.” Saxton v. Sec’y of Health & Human
Servs., 3 F.3d 1517, 1521 (Fed. Cir. 1993) (quoting Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 434
(1983). “Unreasonably duplicative or excessive billing” includes “an attorney billing for a single
task on multiple occasions, multiple attorneys billing for a single task, attorneys billing
excessively for intra-office communications, attorneys billing excessive hours, [and] attorneys
entering erroneous billing entries.” Raymo v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 129 Fed. Cl. 691,
703 (2016).
Petitioner’s fee application requests compensation for a total of 46.10 hours of work
performed from 2015 to 2020. I have reviewed the billing records and finds the number of hours
billed reasonable. These hours include reviewing and obtaining medical and military records,
drafting the petition, participating in status conferences and conferring with experts. As noted
above, the hourly rate for Mr. Edwards will be reduced for the period of 2015 to 2018, and as
such, petitioner’s attorneys’ fees will be reduced by $842.50.
C. Costs
Petitioner’s counsel requests $791.99 in costs, including the filing fees and payments for
obtaining medical records. Fees App. Appendix 1. These costs are typical costs incurred by
attorneys within the Vaccine Program. Therefore, I find these costs reasonable and awards them
in full.
D. Conclusion
In accordance with the foregoing, petitioner’s application for attorneys’ fees and costs is
GRANTED. I award the following reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs:
Attorneys’ Fees Requested: $19,339.40
Reduction to Forum Rate -$842.50
Attorneys’ Fees Awarded: $18,496.90
5
Attorneys’ Costs Requested: $791.99
No Reduction
Attorneys’ Costs Awarded: $791.99
Attorneys’ Fees and Costs Awarded: $19,288.89
Accordingly, I award the following:
1) A lump sum in the amount of $19,288.89, representing reimbursement for
attorneys’ fees and costs, in the form of a check payable jointly to petitioner and
petitioner’s counsel, Mr. Donald Edwards, Edwards & Hawkins, LLC. 4
In the absence of a motion for review filed pursuant to RCFC Appendix B, the Clerk of
the Court shall enter judgment in accordance herewith.5
IT IS SO ORDERED.
s/Thomas L. Gowen
Thomas L. Gowen
Special Master
4
This amount is intended to cover all legal expenses incurred in this matter. This award encompasses all charges by
the attorney against at client, “advanced costs,” and fees for legal services rendered. Furthermore, Section 15(e)(3)
prevents an attorney from charging or collecting fees (including costs) that would be in addition to the amount
awarded herein. See generally Beck v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 924 F.2d 1029 (Fed. Cir. 1991).
5
Entry of judgment is expedited by each party’s filing notice renouncing the right to seek review. Vaccine Rule
11(a).
6