The opinion
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
FILED
regarded as precedent or cited before any Nov 30 2020, 8:50 am
court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK
Indiana Supreme Court
the defense of res judicata, collateral Court of Appeals
and Tax Court
estoppel, or the law of the case.
APPELLANT, PRO SE ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Jonathan L. Hummel Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Westville, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
Courtney Staton
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Jonathan L. Hummel, November 30, 2020
Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No.
20A-CR-775
v. Appeal from the Starke Circuit
Court
State of Indiana, The Honorable Kim Hall, Judge
Appellee-Plaintiff. Trial Court Cause No.
75C01-1112-FA-16
Pyle, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-775 | November 30, 2020 Page 1 of 14
Statement of the Case
[1] Jonathan Hummel (“Hummel”), pro se, appeals the trial court’s denial of his
motion to correct error. Concluding that the trial court did not abuse its
discretion by denying Hummel’s motion, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
[2] We affirm.
Issue
Whether the trial court abused its discretion by denying
Hummel’s motion to correct error.
Facts1
[3] In April 2012, in cause number 75C01-1112-FA-16 (“Cause FA-16”), Hummel
pled guilty to Class A felony dealing in a narcotic drug; Class B felony robbery;
Class B felony aiding, inducing, or causing robbery; and Class D felony
criminal mischief in exchange for the dismissal of a Class D felony resisting law
1
We note that our review of this appeal has been somewhat hampered by the sparse record presented to this
Court. Because Hummel’s Appendix includes only some of the pleadings filed in this case, we have culled
some of the preliminary facts of this case from the chronological case summary (“CCS”) included in
Hummel’s Appendix and from an opinion in a prior appeal involving Hummel. See Hummel v. State, 110
N.E.3d 423 (Ind. Ct. App. 2018). The State cites to facts contained within pleadings in the CCS from
Hummel’s underlying criminal cause that it obtained from the online resource of mycase.in.gov. The State
did not, however, include these pleadings in an Appellee’s Appendix, see Ind. Appellate Rule 50(B)(2), nor
did it request for this Court to take judicial notice of the pleadings. See Ind. Evid. R. 201. Nevertheless, we
will take judicial notice of the records and pleadings filed in Hummel’s underlying cause so that we may set
out the relevant procedural facts that led to this appeal. Lastly, we note that Hummel included a copy of the
transcript in his Appendix. “Because the Transcript is transmitted to the Court on Appeal pursuant to
[Appellate] Rule 12(B), [an appellant] should not reproduce any portion of the Transcript in the Appendix.”
App. R. 50(F).
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enforcement charge and the dismissal of other pending cases against him.2 The
Honorable Kim Hall (“Judge Hall” or “the trial court”) was the presiding judge
in Cause FA-16 and continues to be so at the time of this appeal. In May 2012,
the trial court imposed an aggregate thirty-one and one-half (31½) year sentence
“as agreed in the plea agreement.”3 Hummel v. State, 110 N.E.3d 423, 425 (Ind.
Ct. App. 2018).
[4] Thereafter, Hummel filed pro se motions seeking to have his sentences run
concurrently. The trial court denied the motions, noting that his plea
agreement set forth his sentencing and that the trial court had no discretion to
run his sentence concurrently.
[5] Hummel later filed a pro se post-conviction petition in cause number 75C01-
1512-PC-4 (“Cause PC-4”). A special judge was appointed to preside over
Hummel’s post-conviction proceeding. In February 2017, the special judge
held an evidentiary hearing on Hummel’s post-conviction petition. When
Hummel requested to be placed on purposeful incarceration, the State had “no
objection, and the parties agree[d] to modify the terms of the plea agreement”
in exchange for the dismissal of Hummel’s post-conviction petition. (App. Vol.
2 at 18). The special judge initially accepted the parties’ agreement and
2
The plea agreement is not contained in Hummel’s Appendix.
3
The trial court imposed a twenty (20) year sentence for Hummel’s Class A felony conviction, ten (10) years
for both of his Class B felony convictions, and a one and one-half (1½) year sentence for his Class D felony
conviction. The trial court ordered the two Class B felony sentences to run concurrently to each other and
consecutively to the Class A felony sentence, and it ordered the Class D felony sentence to be served
consecutively to the remaining sentences.
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dismissed Hummel’s post-conviction petition. However, less than an hour
later, the special judge informed the parties that he did not have authority to
accept the agreement that modified the sentence in the underlying criminal
Cause FA-16 because he had been appointed to preside only over the post-
conviction case. The special judge then revoked his acceptance of the parties’
agreement and reinstated Hummel’s post-conviction case.
[6] Hummel then appealed the special judge’s revocation of the parties’ agreement,
arguing that the special judge in the post-conviction proceeding had authority to
accept the parties’ agreement that modified his original sentence. In September
2018, this Court held that the special judge “had authority to accept the
agreement between the State and Hummel” and that “the State [wa]s bound by
the terms of that agreement.” Hummel, 110 N.E.3d at 428. We, therefore,
remanded the case to the special judge “to re-enter its original order enforcing
the parties’ agreement and dismissing Hummel’s PCR petition.” Id. at 429.
[7] Thereafter, on December 21, 2018, the parties filed an “Agreed Sentence
Modification” (“Agreed Sentence Modification”). (App. Vol. 2 at 2). This
Agreed Sentence Modification provided in relevant part, as follows:
3. Since [Hummel’s] incarceration in the Indiana
Department of Correction, [he] had participated in and
successfully completed a wide variety of programs in an
attempt to rehabilitate himself.
4. [Hummel] contacted the Starke County Prosecutor’s
Office and requested a modification of sentence. The State
has agreed to modify the sentence in the following way:
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a. The sentence in Count V [Class D felony criminal
mischief] will now be served concurrently with the
other counts.
b. The final five years of [Hummel’s] incarceration
may[]be served on work release or home detention
depending on which program will accept him when
he reaches the final stages of his incarceration.
[Hummel] will make all arrangements and provide
proof to the Court of his acceptance before being
released to begin that phase of his sentence. This
results in a thirty[-]year incarceration with the final
five years of [his] sentence on Community
Corrections.
c. This modification will occur based on his overall
sentence not on the sentence with good time credit
included in the calculation.
d. As part of this agreed modification[,] [Hummel] will
withdraw his pending Petition for Post-Conviction
Relief . . . .
(App. Vol. 2 at 2-3).4
[8] That same day, the special judge entered an order granting the modification of
Hummel’s sentence as set out in the parties’ Agreed Sentence Modification.
The special judge also issued an amended abstract of judgment for the sentence
modification in Cause FA-16. Specifically, the special judge made the sentence
4
The parties filed the Agreed Sentence Modification under Cause FA-16.
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for criminal mischief in Count V concurrent to the remaining counts and
included a verbatim recitation of the language contained in subsections (b) and
(c) of the Agreed Sentence Modification.5 The special judge, however, did not
mark on this amended abstract that Hummel was eligible for purposeful
incarceration. Thereafter, the court sent the amended abstract of judgment to
the Indiana Department of Correction (“DOC”).
[9] Thereafter, Hummel filed various motions in his underlying criminal cause.
Apparently, Hummel filed these motions and addressed them to the special
judge from his post-conviction case. The special judge, however, was no longer
presiding since Hummel’s post-conviction petition in Cause PC-4 had been
dismissed. In May 2019, Judge Hall issued an order clarifying that he was still
the presiding judge over Hummel’s underlying criminal cause in Cause FA-16.
[10] Hummel continued to file various letters and motions, including a motion for
concurrent sentences and petitions to be directly placed in community
corrections. Ultimately, on February 6, 2020, Hummel sent the trial court a
letter, which the trial court treated as a motion. Hummel stated that he should
be, but was not, in purposeful incarceration, and he directed the trial court’s
attention to this Court’s 2018 opinion in which this Court remanded the case
5
The language from the two subsections was included as a comment in the Judge’s Recommendation section
of the abstract of judgment.
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with instructions for the special judge to accept the parties’ agreement regarding
purposeful incarceration.
[11] On February 11, 2020, the trial court issued an order modifying Hummel’s
sentencing order to include purposeful incarceration. The trial court’s order
recited the procedural history regarding Hummel’s post-conviction proceeding
and Hummel’s agreement with the State that his sentence would include
purposeful incarceration. Noting that the special judge had failed to include the
purposeful incarceration notation in the amended abstract of judgment, the trial
court ordered that Hummel’s abstract of judgment be amended to include
purposeful incarceration. The trial court’s order also indicated that the trial
court would otherwise consider a sentence modification upon Hummel’s
successful completion of a DOC-approved treatment program of purposeful
incarceration. The trial court sent the amended abstract of judgment to the
DOC.
[12] On February 27, 2020, the trial court held a sentence status hearing. Hummel
appeared pro se and telephonically for the hearing.6 During the hearing, the
trial court noted that there had been some “confusing circumstances” with
Hummel’s post-conviction case, the special judge, and the parties’ agreements
in that case. (Tr. Vol. 2 at 4). The trial court again clarified that the post-
6
The telephonic portion of the hearing was not transcribed due to some technical difficulties, but the trial
court made a record of what had been discussed during the telephone hearing and that transcript was filed
with this Court.
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conviction case in Cause PC-4 had been dismissed and that the special judge
was not involved in Cause FA-16. The trial court stated that it was “making
sure that the criminal court and the judge for this criminal case, recognize[d]
and honor[ed] the modification that came to this criminal case, from the special
judge in the PCR case.” (Tr. Vol. 2 at 7). The trial court specifically stated that
it had reviewed the agreements and modifications between Hummel and the
State. The trial court noted that it had already added purposeful incarceration
to Hummel’s amended abstract of judgment, and it recognized that the State
had agreed: (1) to reduce Hummel’s aggregate sentence by one and one-half
years to thirty years; and (2) that the last five years of that thirty-year sentence
could be served in a work release or home detention program, depending on
where he might be accepted. The parties evidently discussed the potential dates
of when Hummel’s time in the DOC would end and when his ability to
participate in a work release or home detention program would begin. Hummel
apparently told the trial court that he had received some “time cuts” from the
DOC and suggested that his incarceration at the DOC should end prior to his
requirement to serve the twenty-five-year executed time as set out in his
agreement. (Tr. Vol. 2 at 5). The trial court explained that Hummel’s time in
the DOC would end after twenty-five years and that, with “day-for-day
credit[,]” meant twelve and one-half years of incarceration in the DOC, which
would “put him into the year 2024 before he would be considered to be
transferred from the DOC to a community corrections program.” (Tr. Vol. 2 at
5).
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[13] Aside from the agreements stemming from Hummel’s post-conviction case in
Cause PC-4, the trial court and Hummel also apparently discussed whether
Hummel’s sentence could be otherwise modified upon the completion of a
purposeful incarceration program. The trial court noted that Hummel had
indicated that he had completed educational and rehabilitative programs that
qualified for purposeful incarceration. The trial court instructed Hummel that
he needed to “provide some documentation” before the trial court would
“recognize anything that he’s done to qualify him for modification, based on
purposeful incarceration.” (Tr. Vol. 2 at 6).
[14] That same day, the trial court issued an “Order of Clarification[.]” (App. Vol. 2
at 10). The trial court noted that it was “now fully informed” of the procedural
history in Cause PC-4 and Cause FA-16, and it ordered that its prior February
11, 2020 order “should be modified to include the changes to [Hummel’s]
sentence as set forth in the Agreed Sentence Modification Order entered on
December 21, 2018, and to include Purposeful Incarceration.” (App. Vol. 2 at
10). The trial court also explained that “[u]pon successful completion of the
clinically appropriate substance abuse treatment program as determined by
IDOC, or an alternative program that satisfies the definition of ‘Purposeful
Incarceration’, the Court w[ould] consider a modification to these sentences
prior to [Hummel] serving twenty-five (25) years of the total thirty (30) year
sentence, from the date of the original Sentencing Order, May 17, 2012,
together with good time credit, to-wit: day for day.” (App. Vol. 2 at 12)
(emphasis added).
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[15] On March 2, 2020, Hummel filed a motion to correct error. Hummel argued
that “[n]ow this matter has been clarified that the State and Hummel agreed to
purposeful incarceration and an agreed sentence modification[,] the court
should proceed to modify Jonathan Hummel’s sentence accordingly[.]” (App.
Vol. 2 at 7). In Hummel’s prayer for relief, he asked the trial court to forward a
new abstract of judgment to the DOC. At the bottom of his motion, Hummel
included a handwritten note, indicating that he was in the process of gathering
information to show that he had completed a purposeful incarceration program.
The trial court denied Hummel’s motion to correct error, noting that “[a]fter the
last hearing, the court agreed to modify the sentence in the manner requested in
this motion to correct errors” and that “[t]herefore, this motion is moot.” (App.
Vol. 2 at 7). Hummel now appeals.7
Decision
[16] Hummel argues that the trial court abused its discretion by denying his motion
to correct error. “We review a trial court’s denial of [a] motion to correct error
for an abuse of discretion, reversing only where the trial court’s judgment is
clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances before it or
where the trial court errs on a matter of law.” Perkinson v. Perkinson, 989 N.E.2d
758, 761 (Ind. 2013).
7
This Court initially granted the State’s motion to dismiss this appeal but then reinstated the appeal upon
Hummel’s petition for rehearing.
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[17] At the outset, we note that Hummel has chosen to proceed pro se. It is well
settled that pro se litigants are held to the same legal standards as licensed
attorneys. Evans v. State, 809 N.E.2d 338, 344 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004), trans.
denied. Thus, pro se litigants are bound to follow the established rules of
procedure and must be prepared to accept the consequences of their failure to
do so. Id. “We will not become a party’s advocate, nor will we address
arguments that are inappropriate, improperly expressed, or too poorly
developed to be understood.” Barrett v. State, 837 N.E.2d 1022, 1030 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2005), trans. denied.
[18] This appeal stems from Hummel’s request for the trial court in Cause FA-16 to
apply the agreements made in Hummel’s post-conviction Cause PC-4 that
ultimately modified his sentence in Cause FA-16. This appeal was specifically
precipitated by Hummel’s February 2020 letter, which the trial court treated as
a motion, in which Hummel sought to have the trial court amend the abstract
of judgment in Cause FA-16 to reflect that Hummel was to be placed in
purposeful incarceration. The trial court granted Hummel’s purposeful
incarceration motion, amended the abstract of judgment, and sent it to the
DOC. Due to the convoluted procedural intertwining that existed between
Cause FA-16 and Cause PC-4, the trial court held a sentence status hearing to
ensure that the modification agreements made in Cause PC-4, including the
purposeful incarceration agreement and the Agreed Sentence Modification,
would be “recognize[d] and honor[ed]” in Cause FA-16. (Tr. Vol. 2 at 7).
Hummel then filed a motion to correct error, stating that “[n]ow this matter has
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been clarified that the State and Hummel agreed to purposeful incarceration
and an agreed sentence modification[,] the court should proceed to modify
Jonathan Hummel’s sentence accordingly[.]” (App. Vol. 2 at 7). In Hummel’s
prayer for relief, he asked the trial court to forward a new abstract of judgment
to the DOC. The trial court denied Hummel’s motion to correct error, noting
that the motion was “moot” because the trial court had already provided the
relief sought. (App. Vol. 2 at 7).
[19] We agree that Hummel’s motion to correct error was moot. “[W]hen we are
unable to provide effective relief upon an issue, the issue is deemed moot, and
we will not reverse the trial court’s determination where absolutely no change
in the status quo will result.” Sainvil v. State, 51 N.E.3d 337, 342 (Ind. Ct. App.
2016) (citations omitted), trans denied. Because the trial court had already
provided the relief Hummel sought in his motion to correct error, we conclude
that the trial court did not abuse its discretion by denying Hummel’s motion to
correct error.
[20] Hummel, however, attempts to raise issues not contained in his purposeful
incarceration motion or his motion to correct error. His remaining arguments
appear to relate to the date that he will potentially begin a community
corrections program of either work release or home detention and the duration
that he will have to serve in such a program. Hummel contends that the trial
court is “trying to deny [him] of his Community Corrections sentence” because
the trial court indicated that any community corrections program would begin
after Hummel serves the executed portion of his sentence as set out in the
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parties’ agreement. Hummel argues that he should receive educational credit
time under INDIANA CODE § 35-50-6-3.3, which he contends would make him
eligible to begin community corrections earlier and would entitle him to serve
only two and one-half years in a community corrections program “when that
time comes[.]” (Hummel’s Br. 10). Hummel suggests that “[t]his matter could
simply be cleared up with a phone call to [the former prosecutor who entered
into the Agreed Sentence Modification].” (Hummel’s Br. 6).
[21] We will not review these arguments for multiple reasons. First, Hummel has
waived the arguments because he did not raise these arguments to the trial court
in his purposeful incarceration motion or his motion to correct error. See
Flowers v. State, 154 N.E.3d 854, 868 (Ind. Ct. App. 2020) (explaining that an
issue not raised before the trial court is waived for appellate review).
Additionally, Hummel’s arguments are not ripe. “Ripeness relates to the
degree to which the defined issues in a case are based on actual facts rather than
on abstract possibilities . . . and are capable of being adjudicated on an
adequately developed record.” Indiana Dep’t of Envtl. Mgmt. v. Chem. Waste
Mgmt., Inc., 643 N.E.2d 331, 336 (Ind. 1994). A court may not review an issue
that is not ripe. Garau Germano, P.C. v. Robertson, 133 N.E.3d 161, 167 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2019), reh’g denied, trans. denied. “[A] claim is not ripe for adjudication if it
rests upon contingent future events that may not occur as anticipated, or indeed
may not occur at all.” Id. at 168 (internal quotation marks and citations
omitted). Here, Hummel is not appealing from the trial court’s denial of a
motion for credit time. Indeed, the record before us does not reveal that
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Hummel has filed such a motion.8 Because Hummel is arguing about abstract
or contingent future events, his arguments are not ripe for review at this time.
[22] Affirmed.
Vaidik, J., and Brown, J., concur.
8
We note that any request for educational credit time under INDIANA CODE § 35-50-6-3.3 would be treated as
a petition for relief under Post-Conviction Rule 1. See Pollard v. State, 78 N.E.3d 663, 664 (Ind. Ct. App.
2017).
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