The opinion
TENNESSEE BUREAU OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION CLAIMS
IN THE COURT OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION CLAIMS
AT MURFREESBORO
RONDA A. CAMPBELL, ) Docket No. 2019-05-0540
Employee, )
V. )
MARTEN TRANSPORT, LLC, ) State File No. 32087-2019
Employer, )
And )
AGRI GENERAL INS. CO., ) Judge Dale Tipps
Insurance Carrier. )
EXPEDITED HEARING ORDER DENYING REQUESTED BENEFITS
This case came before the Court on November 14, 2019, for an Expedited Hearing
on whether Ms. Campbell is entitled to benefits. To receive these benefits, Ms. Campbell
must show that she is likely to establish at a hearing on the merits that her injuries arose
primarily out of and in the course and scope of her employment. For the reasons below,
the Court holds Ms. Campbell failed to meet this burden because her injury occurred
during a deviation from her employment. Therefore, the Court holds that she is not
entitled to benefits at this time.
History of Claim
Ms. Campbell works as a truck driver for Marten Transport, a company that
provides trucking services for Walmart in Tennessee. She testified that she drove a
regular route from the Walmart distribution center in Shelbyville to a store near Dayton,
with several deliveries along the way.
On the morning of April 23, 2019, Ms. Campbell had completed her deliveries and
was returning to Shelbyville, when she decided to stop at the At Home store in
Chattanooga to buy a gift for her mother.’ The store was closed when she arrived, so she
parked her truck and went into her sleeper compartment to rest until the store opened.
"Ms. Campbell contended that she had permission from her dispatcher to make this stop, but Marten
denied that she asked for or received permission.
While Ms. Campbell slept, a tow-truck operator hooked onto the cab of her truck and
raised the front of it off the ground.” He then pounded on the door to wake her up. Ms.
Campbell was still groggy when she opened the door and did not realize the cab had been
elevated. As aresult, she fell to the ground and injured her head, shoulder, and left wrist.
Ms. Campbell made her purchase, drove the truck back to Shelbyville, and
reported the accident to Michael Ternberg, Marten’s workers’ compensation claim
representative. He instructed Ms. Campbell to go to a walk-in clinic. Four clinics
refused to treat her, so she went to the emergency room where she discovered she had
broken her wrist. Ms. Campbell began treating with Dr. Brian Peterson, an orthopedic
specialist. That treatment was unauthorized, however, and Marten denied her claim on
May 2.
On cross-examination, Ms. Campbell admitted Marten required her to follow a
specific route from Dayton to Shelbyville. She agreed that Exhibit 12 was a map that
accurately depicted her prescribed return route.
Mr. Ternberg testified he denied Ms. Campbell’s claim because she deviated from
her job duties to perform a personal errand.”
Ms. Campbell requested that the Court order Marten to pay her medical expenses
and to reimburse her for the bills she paid personally. She also requested temporary
disability benefits.
Marten contended that Ms. Campbell was not entitled to benefits because: 1) the
Court lacks jurisdiction; 2) she knowingly and voluntarily sought or accepted benefits in
another state; and, 3) her injury did not arise primarily out of and in the course and scope
of her employment because she deviated from her route. Marten asked the Court to deny
her request.
Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law
Ms. Campbell must provide sufficient evidence from which this Court might
determine she is likely to prevail at a hearing on the merits. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-
239(d)(1) (2019); McCord v. Advantage Human Resourcing, 2015 TN Wrk. Comp. App.
Bd. LEXIS 6, at *7-8, 9 (Mar. 27, 2015).
* The parking lot was posted, “No Truck Parking.”
* Both parties introduced a great deal of evidence about Qualcom — the electronic communications system
by which Marten communicates with its drivers and tracks their movements. Similarly, the Court heard
evidence about whether Ms. Campbell was legally parked at the time of the accident and whether she
complied with Marten’s safety policies in the way she exited her truck. Because the Court finds Ms.
Campbell distinctly departed from her work duties, it need not summarize this testimony.
2
Forum-Selection Clause
Marten first contended that the Court has no jurisdiction because Ms. Campbell
consented to the exclusive jurisdiction of Wisconsin workers’ compensation law as a
condition precedent to her employment. It argued this constitutes a reasonable forum-
selection clause and that these clauses are generally enforceable in Tennessee. The Court
disagrees and finds that, as a matter of law, the alleged forum-selection clause is invalid.’
Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-6-114(a) provides: “No contract or
agreement, written or implied, or rule, regulation or other device, shall in any manner
operate to relieve any employer, in whole or in part, of any obligation created by this
chapter[.]” Ms. Campbell and Marten meet the statutory definitions of employee and
employer in Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-6-102, and Ms. Campbell alleged she
suffered injuries in Tennessee while performing her employment duties for Marten.
These facts entitle her to seek benefits under the Tennessee Workers’ Compensation
Law. To the extent Marten’s forum-selection clause purports to relieve Marten of the
obligation to provide Tennessee workers’ compensation benefits, it is void. See Fred
Travis v Carter Express, 2018 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 67, at 17-18 (Dec. 21,
2018) (prospective forum-selection clauses are void as against public policy and are
invalid under section 50-6-114(a)).
Election of Remedies
An employee can waive her right to pursue workers’ compensation benefits under
Tennessee law where the employee elects to pursue benefits under the laws of another
state. To make this election, the employee must have: “(a) affirmatively acted to obtain
benefits in another state; or (b) knowingly and voluntarily accepted benefits under the
law of another state.” However, the “mere acceptance of benefits” under the laws of
another state, without proof that it was a knowing and voluntary acceptance, is
insufficient to show a binding election of remedies. Goodwin v. Morristown Driver's
Servs., Inc., 2019 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 37, at *9 (July 31, 2019).
In this case, no proof demonstrates that Ms. Campbell affirmatively acted to obtain
benefits in Wisconsin. To the contrary, Mr. Ternberg testified that he alone made the
decision to deny Ms. Campbell’s claim and that no Wisconsin state agency or court was
involved. Thus, Ms. Campbell did not waive her right to Tennessee Workers’
Compensation benefits under the first part of the election analysis.
Regarding the second part, Marten contends that Ms. Campbell admitted she
* It is unclear whether the provision at issue is a forum-selection clause or if it is really a choice of law
provision. The Court finds it need not make this determination, as either type of agreement is void.
3
knowingly and voluntarily accepted benefits under the law of another state. It relies on
Ms. Campbell’s recorded statement, where she agreed with Mr. Ternberg’s question, “Do
you understand this claim is being handled under the state of Wisconsin Workers’
Compensation Act and in the state of Wisconsin?” Marten also notes that Ms.
Campbell’s Petition for Benefit Determination states “Claim denied on 2 May 2019 via
phone call from Mike Ternberg. Want to appeal decision / file new claim in TN where I
work/live.”
A threshold problem with Marten’s argument is that it requires Ms. Campbell to
accept benefits. This she could not do, as Marten denied her claim without ever
providing any medical treatment or temporary disability benefits.
More importantly, an employee who receives voluntarily-paid benefits does not
make a binding election “if benefits were received and accepted by the employee without
knowledge on his part that he could have made a claim in Tennessee, or without the
degree of knowledge which is required in order for a binding election to be made.” Hale
v. Commercial Union Assurance Cos., 637 S.W.2d 865, 869-870 (Tenn. 1982). No
evidence suggests that Ms. Campbell knew she could make a claim in Tennessee until
she did so. Nor does any proof indicate that she had the degree of knowledge required to
make a knowing, intentional election. Instead, Marten simply informed her (incorrectly)
that her claim was being handled under Wisconsin law. The Court finds this practice
both questionable and inadequate to constitute an election of remedies.
Compensability
To prove a compensable injury, Ms. Campbell must show that her alleged injury
arose primarily out of and in the course and scope of her employment. Marten did not
dispute that Ms. Campbell injured herself while exiting her truck. However, it contended
that she was not in the course and scope of her employment at the time.
A traveling employee is generally considered to be in the course of employment
continuously during the duration of the entire trip, except when there is a distinct
departure on a personal errand. McCann v. Hatchett, 19 S.W.3d 218, 221 (Tenn. 2000).
The parties agree that Ms. Campbell was a traveling employee. The question, therefore,
is whether her trip to At Home constituted a distinct departure on a personal errand. The
Court finds that it did.
The Court recognizes that the physical deviation from her route was not
geographically significant (approximately five miles), but it was a distinct departure.”
* Ms. Campbell disagreed that she deviated as much as five miles from her route, arguing that the parking
lot was actually right next to I-24. She is correct about the location of the parking lot, but according to
the map showing her route, she was not yet supposed to be on I-24.
4
Further, the nature of the deviation seems more important than the distance traveled.
Ms. Campbell correctly argued that some acts of comfort and convenience, such as
bathroom breaks or meal stops, are incidental to the employment. These contribute to the
furtherance of an employer’s interest, and injuries that occur during such stops are
deemed to have arisen out of the employment. See McCormick vy. Aabakus, Inc., 101
S.W.3d 60, 63 (Tenn. Workers’ Comp. Panel Oct. 5, 2000). However, she admitted that
the sole reason for this stop was to purchase a gift, not for food, fuel, or a bathroom
break. Ms. Campbell’s decision to leave her route and park her truck was based on
purely personal considerations. This differs fundamentally from a comfort stop, in that it
provided no benefit to Marten. Therefore, it represents a distinct departure on a personal
errand.
Ms. Campbell contended that she had Marten’s permission to make the stop. Even
if this were true, the Court is unaware of any authority that granting permission for a
departure changes the analysis set out in McCann. Instead, it seems the focus should
remain on the question of whether Ms. Campbell’s deviation from her route provided any
benefit to Marten. Absent any proof of a benefit, the Court cannot find at this time that
she is likely to prevail on proving that her injury arose out of the course and scope of her
employment.
IT IS, THEREFORE, ORDERED as follows:
1. Ms. Campbell’s claims against Marten Transport for the requested medical and
temporary disability benefits are denied at this time.
2. This case is set for a Scheduling Hearing on January 29, 2020, at 9:00 a.m. You
must call toll-free at 855-874-0473 to participate. Failure to call might result in a
determination of the issues without your further participation. All conferences are
set using Central Time.
ENTERED November 22, 2019.
fide ZF
Judge Dale Tipps
Court of Workers’ Compensation Claims
APPENDIX
Exhibits:
Affidavit of Ronda Campbell
Records from Tennova Healthcare
Records from Tennova Ortho
Wage statement
August 23, 2019 payroll printout
View Load document
Tennova accounts receivable printout (Identification Only)
Medical payment receipts and summaries (Identification Only)
Satellite photo of At Home parking lot
10. Petition for Benefit Determination
11. Driver Log
12. Google map printout of return route
13. Google map printout of return route and detour to At Home
14. Invoice from Mostler’s Towing
15. Investigation notes
16. Transcript of Ronda Campbell’s recorded statement
17. Qualcom printout
CHNAKRWN >
Technical record:
1. Petition for Benefit Determination
2. Dispute Certification Notice
3. Request for Expedited Hearing
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I certify that a copy of the Expedited Hearing Order was sent as indicated on
November 22, 2019.
Employer Attorney
Name Certified | Email | Service sent to:
Ronda Campbell, x Fields1961@ yahoo.com
Self-represented Employee
Robin Rasmussen, xX rrasmussen @ drmlawmemphis.com
fy ff
Loner, ltd
Penny Shruné/ Court Clerk
Court of Wokers’ Compensation Claims
WC.CourtClerk @ th.gov
Expedited Hearing Order Right to Appeal:
If you disagree with this Expedited Hearing Order, you may appeal to the Workers’
Compensation Appeals Board. To appeal an expedited hearing order, you must:
1. Complete the enclosed form entitled: “Expedited Hearing Notice of Appeal,” and file the
form with the Clerk of the Court of Workers’ Compensation Claims within seven
business days of the date the expedited hearing order was filed. When filing the Notice
of Appeal, you must serve a copy upon all parties.
2. You must pay, via check, money order, or credit card, a $75.00 filing fee within ten
calendar days after filing of the Notice of Appeal. Payments can be made in-person at
any Bureau office or by U.S. mail, hand-delivery, or other delivery service. In the
alternative, you may file an Affidavit of Indigency (form available on the Bureau’s
website or any Bureau office) seeking a waiver of the fee. You must file the fully-
completed Affidavit of Indigency within ten calendar days of filing the Notice of
Appeal. Failure to timely pay the filing fee or file the Affidavit of Indigency will
result in dismissal of the appeal.
3. You bear the responsibility of ensuring a complete record on appeal. You may request
from the court clerk the audio recording of the hearing for a $25.00 fee. If a transcript of
the proceedings is to be filed, a licensed court reporter must prepare the transcript and file
it with the court clerk within ten business days of the filing the Notice of
Appeal. Alternatively, you may file a statement of the evidence prepared jointly by both
parties within ten business days of the filing of the Notice of Appeal. The statement of
the evidence must convey a complete and accurate account of the hearing. The Workers’
Compensation Judge must approve the statement before the record is submitted to the
Appeals Board. If the Appeals Board is called upon to review testimony or other proof
concerning factual matters, the absence of a transcript or statement of the evidence can be
a significant obstacle to meaningful appellate review.
4. If you wish to file a position statement, you must file it with the court clerk within ten
business days after the deadline to file a transcript or statement of the evidence. The
party opposing the appeal may file a response with the court clerk within ten business
days after you file your position statement. All position statements should include: (1) a
statement summarizing the facts of the case from the evidence admitted during the
expedited hearing; (2) a statement summarizing the disposition of the case as a result of
the expedited hearing; (3) a statement of the issue(s) presented for review; and (4) an
argument, citing appropriate statutes, case law, or other authority.
For self-represented litigants: Help from an Ombudsman is available at 800-332-2667.
LB-1099
EXPEDITED HEARING NOTICE OF APPEAL
Tennessee Division of Workers’ Compensation
www. tn.gov/labor-wid/weomp.shtml
wce.courtclerk@tn.gov
1-800-332-2667
Docket #:
State File #/YR:
Employee
Vv.
Employer
Notice
Notice is given that
[List name(s) of all appealing party(ies) on separate sheet if necessary]
appeals the order(s) of the Court of Workers’ Compensation Claims at
to the Workers’ Compensation Appeals
Board. [List the date(s) the order(s) was filed in the court clerk’s office]
Judge
Statement of the Issues
Provide a short and plain statement of the issues on appeal or basis for relief on appeal:
Additional Information
Type of Case [Check the most appropriate item]
L] Temporary disability benefits
L] Medical benefits for current injury
LC Medical benefits under prior order issued by the Court
List of Parties
Appellant (Requesting Party): At Hearing: LJEmployer LJEmployee
Address:
Party’s Phone: Email:
Attorney's Name: BPR#:
Attorney’s Address: Phone:
Attorney's City, State & Zip code:
Attorney’s Email:
* Attach an additional sheet for each additional Appellant *
rev. 10/18 Page 1 of 2 RDA 11082
Employee Name: SF#: DOI:
Appellee(s)
Appellee (Opposing Party): At Hearing: L]JEmployer LJEmployee
Appellee’s Address:
Appellee’s Phone: Email:
Attorney’s Name: BPR#:
Attorney’s Address: Phone:
Attorney’s City, State & Zip code:
Attorney’s Email:
* Attach an additional sheet for each additional Appellee *
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I,
Expedited Hearing Notice of Appeal by First Class, United States Mail, postage prepaid, to all parties
and/or their attorneys in this case in accordance with Rule 0800-02-22.01(2) of the Tennessee Rules
of Board of Workers’ Compensation Appeals on this the day of , 20
, certify that | have forwarded a true and exact copy of this
[Signature of appellant or attorney for appellant]
LB-1099 rev. 10/18 Page 2 of 2 RDA 11082
Tennessee Bureau of Workers’ Compensation
220 French Landing Drive, I-B
Nashville, TN 37243-1002
800-332-2667
AFFIDAVIT OF INDIGENCY
I, , having been duly sworn according to law, make oath that
because of my poverty, | am unable to bear the costs of this appeal and request that the filing fee to appeal be
waived. The following facts support my poverty.
1. Full Name: 2. Address:
3. Telephone Number: 4. Date of Birth:
5. Names and Ages of Ail Dependents:
Relationship:
Relationship:
Relationship:
Relationship:
6. lam employed by:
My employer’s address is:
My employer’s phone number is:
7. My present monthly household income, after federal income and social security taxes are deducted, is:
$
8. | receive or expect to receive money from the following sources:
AFDC $ per month beginning
ssl $ per month beginning
Retirement $ per month beginning
Disability $ per month beginning
Unemployment $ per month beginning
Worker's Comp.$ per month beginning
Other $ per month beginning
LB-1108 (REV 11/15) RDA 11082
9. My expenses are:
Rent/House Payment $ permonth Medical/Dental $ per month
Groceries $ per month Telephone $ per month
Electricity $ per month School Supplies $ per month
Water $ per month Clothing $ per month
Gas $ per month Child Care $ per month
Transportation $ per month Child Support $ per month
Car $ per month
Other $ per month (describe: )
10. Assets:
Automobile $ (FMV)
Checking/Savings Acct. $
House $ __ (FMV)
Other $ Describe:
11. My debts are:
Amount Owed To Whom
| hereby declare under the penalty of perjury that the foregoing answers are true, correct, and complete
and that I am financially unable to pay the costs of this appeal.
APPELLANT
Sworn and subscribed before me, a notary public, this
day of , 20
NOTARY PUBLIC
My Commission Expires:
LB-1108 (REV 11/15) RDA 11082