The opinion
FILED
Jun 13, 2018
03:20 PM(CT)
TENNESSEE
WORKERS' COMPENSATION
APPEALS BOARD
TENNESSEE BUREAU OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION
WORKERS’ COMPENSATION APPEALS BOARD
William Simpson ) Docket No. 2017-08-0805
)
v. ) State File No. 46115-2017
)
City Auto, LLC, et al. )
)
)
Appeal from the Court of Workers’ )
Compensation Claims )
Deana Seymour, Judge )
Affirmed and Remanded – Filed June 13, 2018
In this interlocutory appeal, the employee alleged he passed out at work due to excessive
heat, fell, and struck the concrete floor. The employer argued the employee’s syncopal
episode was caused by an unrelated medical condition, the accident was idiopathic, and
the claim was not compensable. The trial court determined the employee had come
forward with sufficient evidence to indicate a likelihood of prevailing at trial on the issue
of compensability and awarded medical and temporary disability benefits. In addition,
the trial court denied the employee’s request for attorneys’ fees. Both parties appealed.
We affirm the trial court’s decision and remand the case.
Judge Timothy W. Conner delivered the opinion of the Appeals Board in which Presiding
Judge Marshall L. Davidson, III, and Judge David F. Hensley joined.
Monica Rejaei, Memphis, Tennessee, for the employee-appellant/appellee, William
Simpson
Gordon C. Aulgur, Lansing, Michigan, for the employer-appellee/appellant, City Auto,
LLC
Factual and Procedural Background
William Simpson (“Employee”), a 59-year-old resident of Shelby County,
Tennessee, worked for City Auto, LLC (“Employer”), as an automobile technician.
Employer had two shops on its premises and, on June 20, 2017, Employee was working
alone in what the parties referred to as the “second shop.” Both parties agreed that the
interiors of the shops become extremely hot on summer days. Although the shops were
1
not air-conditioned, Employer provided industrial fans to help circulate air, as well as ice-
cold water, Gatorade, ice-cold towels, and popsicles. Employee estimated that, even with
the fans operating, it was between 115 and 120 degrees inside the shop on a hot day.
On this particular date, Employee had been working alone in the second shop
when he started to feel hot. He sat down, drank some water, and put a wet towel around
his head. Because he continued to feel bad, he decided to walk to the other shop and
report to his supervisor that he was not feeling well. With respect to this point, the
testimony of the parties differed. Employer’s witnesses testified Employee came into the
main shop and began to discuss a problem with the lift that was used in the second shop
to repair vehicles. The service advisor to whom Employee spoke when he entered the
main shop, Stephanie Oakes, denied Employee made any comments about feeling hot or
experiencing other heat-related symptoms.1 Nevertheless, both Employee and Ms. Oakes
testified that during this conversation, Employee started to have difficulty speaking,
turned pale, and then stumbled backwards. Ms. Oakes stated that Employee “zoned out
in a way, kind of like hazy eyes . . . and then just fell backwards.” When he fell back, his
head struck the concrete floor, and he remained unconscious for an unknown period of
time.2
Employer called 911, and paramedics arrived at the scene. After regaining
consciousness, Employee told the paramedics he did not recall the fall and stated he did
not want to be taken to a hospital. Ms. Oakes testified Employee was “pretty
disoriented” after the fall, and a co-worker took a photograph of the back of Employee’s
head to show him where he was bleeding. Various co-workers encouraged Employee to
go to a hospital but, ultimately, at Employee’s request, Employer’s shuttle driver drove
him home.
Employee testified he insisted on going home first because he did not want to
worry his wife. When he arrived home, his wife immediately transported him to a local
hospital where he was admitted. Employee testified he remained in “neurology ICU” for
“18 to 20 days.”3 He was diagnosed with a traumatic head injury and has been treated
primarily by Dr. Ahmad Al-Hamda, a neurologist. Employer denied Employee’s claim
for workers’ compensation benefits, asserting Employee’s injuries were idiopathic in
nature and not compensable.
1
Employee described Ms. Oakes as his “boss,” but Ms. Oakes testified that, as a service advisor, she
discusses service repair tickets with the technicians but has no supervisory responsibilities over the
technicians.
2
Medical records from Baptist Hospital (“Baptist”) indicate Employee suffered a “traumatic subdural
hemorrhage with loss of consciousness of 30 minutes or less.” He was also diagnosed with “hypertensive
heart disease with heart failure” and “anxiety disorder.” Another provider at Baptist noted Employee
“had syncopal episode[,] hit head[,] and had roughly 2 min [loss of consciousness].” In that same report,
“occupational exposure” was listed as a risk factor.
3
Medical records from Baptist indicate that 7 days of his 18-day hospital stay were spent in ICU.
2
At the expedited hearing, Employee stated he continued to experience difficulty
speaking, could not focus on tasks, and had memory problems. He claimed he cannot
drive, cannot return to work, and will be forced to retire. In addition, Employee denied
any history of strokes, seizures, or prior head trauma.
Following the expedited hearing, the trial court determined Employee had come
forward with sufficient evidence to indicate he would likely prevail at trial on the issue of
compensability, and it ordered Employer to provide both medical and temporary total
disability benefits. The trial court also denied Employee’s interlocutory request for
attorney’s fees. Both parties have appealed.
Standard of Review
The standard we apply in reviewing a trial court’s decision presumes that the
court’s factual findings are correct unless the preponderance of the evidence is otherwise.
See Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-239(c)(7) (2017). When the trial judge has had the
opportunity to observe a witness’s demeanor and to hear in-court testimony, we give
considerable deference to factual findings made by the trial court. Madden v. Holland
Grp. of Tenn., Inc., 277 S.W.3d 896, 898 (Tenn. 2009). However, “[n]o similar
deference need be afforded the trial court’s findings based upon documentary evidence.”
Goodman v. Schwarz Paper Co., No. W2016-02594-SC-R3-WC, 2018 Tenn. LEXIS 8, at
*6 (Tenn. Workers’ Comp. Panel Jan. 18, 2018). Similarly, the interpretation and
application of statutes and regulations are questions of law that are reviewed de novo with
no presumption of correctness afforded the trial court’s conclusions. See Mansell v.
Bridgestone Firestone N. Am. Tire, LLC, 417 S.W.3d 393, 399 (Tenn. 2013). We are
also mindful of our obligation to construe the workers’ compensation statutes “fairly,
impartially, and in accordance with basic principles of statutory construction” and in a
way that does not favor either the employee or the employer. Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-
116 (2017).
Analysis
At an expedited hearing, an employee need not prove each and every element of
his or her claim by a preponderance of the evidence in order to obtain temporary
disability benefits or medical benefits. See McCord v. Advantage Human Resourcing,
No. 2014-06-0063, 2015 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 6, at *9 (Tenn. Workers’
Comp. App. Bd. Mar. 27, 2015). Instead, an employee has the burden to come forward
with sufficient evidence from which the trial court can determine that the employee is
likely to prevail at a hearing on the merits consistent with Tennessee Code Annotated
section 50-6-239(d)(1). Id. Thus, while an injured worker retains the burden of proof at
all stages of a workers’ compensation claim, a trial court can grant relief at an expedited
hearing if the court is satisfied that the employee has met the burden of showing he or she
is likely to prevail at a hearing on the merits. Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-239(d)(1).
3
On the other hand, “this lesser evidentiary standard . . . does not relieve an
employee of the burden of producing evidence of an injury by accident that arose
primarily out of and in the course and scope of employment at an expedited hearing, but
allows some relief to be granted if that evidence does not rise to the level of a
‘preponderance of the evidence.’” Buchanan v. Carlex Glass Co., No. 2015-01-0012,
2015 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 39, at * 6 (Tenn. Workers’ Comp. App. Bd. Sept.
29, 2015). On appeal, it is our responsibility to conduct an in-depth examination of the
trial court’s factual findings and conclusions, see Wilhelm v. Krogers, 235 S.W.3d 122,
126 (Tenn. 2007), within the mandate set out in Tennessee Code Annotated sections 50-
6-217(a)(3) (2017) and 50-6-239(c)(7).
Idiopathic Fall
In its notice of appeal, Employer asserts the trial court erred in determining
Employee’s injuries were not caused by an idiopathic fall. This is a misstatement of the
trial court’s rationale. Instead of concluding Employee’s injuries were not caused by an
idiopathic fall, the trial court determined that, even if Employee’s fall was caused by an
idiopathic condition, his injuries are compensable “if an employment hazard causes or
exacerbates the injury.” McCaffery v. Cardinal Logistics, No. 2015-08-0218, 2015 TN
Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 50, at *10 (Tenn. Workers’ Comp. App. Bd. Dec. 10,
2015) (internal citation and quotations marks omitted). The trial court then noted three
factors supporting its determination regarding medical causation. First, Employee
testified without contradiction he was working in a hot, humid, and dusty shop when he
began to feel ill. Second, the trial court relied on Dr. Al-Hamda’s opinion that
Employee’s syncopal episode was causally related to his hot work environment. Third,
the trial court noted no other medical proof had been offered suggesting any other cause
of Employee’s syncopal episode.
We addressed a similar argument in Frye v. Vincent Printing Co., No. 2016-06-
0327, 2016 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 34 (Tenn. Workers’ Comp. App. Bd. Aug.
2, 2016). In that case, the employee alleged she became dizzy due to exposure to a
workplace chemical, resulting in a fall. Id. at *2-3. In response to the employer’s
argument that the employee’s fall was idiopathic in nature and not compensable, we
noted, “an accidental injury arises out of employment when there is apparent to the
rational mind, upon consideration of all the circumstances, a causal connection between
the conditions under which the work is required to be performed and the resulting
injury.” Id. at *13-14 (quoting Phillips v. A&H Constr. Co., 134 S.W.3d 145, 151 (Tenn.
2004)). With that principle in mind, we affirmed the trial court’s interlocutory award of
benefits. Id. at *14-15.
In the present case, Employee’s unrefuted testimony was that he was working in a
hot, humid, and dusty environment when he began to feel ill. Within five minutes of
walking to the main shop, he began to stumble over his speech, became pale, and fell
backwards, striking his head on the concrete floor. Moreover, in response to an inquiry
4
from Employee’s counsel, Dr. Al-Hamda agreed that Employee’s dizziness and
subsequent loss of consciousness were “a direct result of working in heated temperatures”
and that the working conditions “contributed more than fifty percent (50%) in causing his
injuries, considering all causes.” Dr. Al-Hamda also wrote a letter stating Employee had
suffered a “traumatic brain injury from heat stroke,” and that Employee had been unable
to work since the date of the incident. Employer offered no evidence of a pre-existing
medical condition that could cause dizziness or a loss of consciousness, and offered no
medical opinion contradicting Dr. Al-Hamda’s opinions. Under these circumstances, we
conclude the preponderance of the evidence supports the trial court’s determination that
Employee is likely to prevail at trial in establishing the compensability of his claim.
Denial of Attorneys’ Fees
Employee has appealed the trial court’s denial of his interlocutory request for
attorneys’ fees, asserting the trial court erred in determining this case does not fall within
the “extremely limited circumstances” supporting such an award. See Thompson v.
Comcast Corp., No. 2017-05-0639, 2018 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 1, at *31
(Tenn. Workers’ Comp. App. Bd. Jan. 30, 2018). In support of his argument, Employee
asserts that an interlocutory award of attorneys’ fees is justified because Employer:
(1) reached its own medical conclusion that Employee’s injuries were due to an
idiopathic condition without obtaining an expert opinion; (2) continued its denial of the
claim even after receiving Dr. Al-Hamda’s responses to Employee’s causation inquiry;
and (3) failed to seek an expert medical opinion contradicting the opinions offered by Dr.
Al-Hamda. Moreover, Employee offers two policy arguments supporting its claim for
attorneys’ fees. First, Employee asserts a ruling in favor of awarding attorneys’ fees at an
interlocutory stage of the case would “discourage employers from blanket denying claims
absent [a] legitimate basis.” Second, Employee argues such an award would “show
counsel that represent injured workers in Tennessee that they can be compensated for
their zealous advocacy.”
In Andrews v. Yates Services, LLC, No. 2016-05-0854, 2018 TN Wrk. Comp. App.
Bd. LEXIS 22 (Tenn. Workers’ Comp. App. Bd. May 8, 2018), we addressed an
interlocutory request for attorneys’ fees.4 Id. at *5. In affirming the trial court’s decision
to deny the employee’s request for attorneys’ fees and expenses based on an alleged
wrongful denial of a claim, we first noted that the statute “vests the trial court with
discretion to award or not to award attorneys’ fees and expenses” and that “we will
review any such decision under an abuse of discretion standard.”5 Id. at *12. Second, we
4
This was the second appeal in that case. See also Andrews v. Yates Services, LLC, No. 2016-05-0854,
2017 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 35 (Tenn. Workers’ Comp. App. Bd. May 23, 2017).
5
As explained by the Tennessee Supreme Court, “[a]n abuse of discretion occurs when a court strays
beyond the applicable legal standards or when it fails to properly consider the factors customarily used to
guide the particular discretionary decision.” Lee Med., Inc. v. Beecher, 312 S.W.3d 515, 524 (Tenn.
2010).
5
emphasized that a trial court could consider whether the employer’s decision to deny a
claim was “incorrect, erroneous, or otherwise inconsistent with the law or facts at the
time the decision was made.” Id. at *13. Third, we noted that, “in evaluating an
employee’s claim for attorneys’ fees and expenses, a trial court may consider not only
information reasonably available to an employer at the time the denial decision was
made, but also pertinent, additional information or subsequent events that bear on the
denial decision.” Id. at *13 n.5.
In the present case, the trial court quoted our opinion in Thompson for the
proposition that an interlocutory award of attorneys’ fees and expenses should be made
only in “extremely limited circumstances” due to the “uncertainties inherent in litigation,
the limited issues typically addressed at expedited hearings, the fact that discovery and
medical proof often are incomplete at an interlocutory stage of a case, . . . and the fact
that a trial judge’s determinations at an interlocutory hearing are subject to change at any
time prior to the entry of a final compensation order.” See Thompson, 2018 TN Wrk.
Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 1, at *28-29. The trial court then determined that “this case does
not fall within ‘extremely limited circumstances’ to justify an award of attorneys’ fees at
this interlocutory stage.”
Employer argues that the causation inquiry Employee’s counsel sent to Dr. Al-
Hamda was incomplete or misleading. Employer also asserts that the medical records
submitted to date revealed no evidence of “heat stroke” or other heat-related maladies
that caused Employee’s syncopal episode. Next, Employer argues that Employee failed
to establish any “special hazard of employment” that caused or contributed to his injury,
because he suffered a syncopal episode of unknown cause, fell straight back, and struck
nothing during his fall other than the floor. Under the circumstances, we cannot conclude
the trial court abused its discretion in denying Employee’s interlocutory request for
attorneys’ fees.6
Conclusion
We conclude the trial court did not err in awarding temporary disability and
medical benefits based on its determination that Employee is likely to prevail at trial in
establishing the compensability of his claim. We also conclude the trial court did not
abuse its discretion in denying Employee’s interlocutory request for attorneys’ fees. The
trial court’s order is affirmed in its entirety, and the case is remanded to the trial court for
further proceedings.
6
With respect to Employee’s policy arguments, we note that nothing prohibits Employee from re-
asserting a claim for attorneys’ fees and expenses at the final compensation hearing.
6
TENNESSEE BUREAU OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION
WORKERS’ COMPENSATION APPEALS BOARD
William Simpson ) Docket No. 2017-08-0805
)
v. ) State File No. 46115-2017
)
City Auto, LLC, et al. )
)
)
Appeal from the Court of Workers’ )
Compensation Claims )
Deana Seymour, Judge )
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the Appeals Board’s decision in the
referenced case was sent to the following recipients by the following methods of service
on this the 13th day of June, 2018.
Name Certified First Via Fax Via Sent to:
Mail Class Fax Number Email
Monica Rejaei X mrejaei@nstlaw.com
Gordon Aulgur X gordon.aulgur@accidentfund.com
Deana Seymour, X Via Electronic Mail
Judge
Kenneth M. Switzer, X Via Electronic Mail
Chief Judge
Penny Shrum, Clerk, X Penny.Patterson-Shrum@tn.gov
Court of Workers’
Compensation Claims
Jeanette Baird
Deputy Clerk, Workers’ Compensation Appeals Board
220 French Landing Dr., Ste. 1-B
Nashville, TN 37243
Telephone: 615-253-0064
Electronic Mail: WCAppeals.Clerk@tn.gov