The opinion
In the United States Court of Federal Claims
OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
No. 18-1476V
(Not to be published)
*************************
KAREN GOLDIE, *
* Chief Special Master Corcoran
*
* Filed: December 6, 2019
Petitioner, *
v. *
* Attorney’s Fees and Costs;
SECRETARY OF HEALTH * Reasonable Basis; Guillain Barré
AND HUMAN SERVICES, * Syndrome; Chronic Inflammatory
* Demyelinating Polyneuropathy.
Respondent. *
*
*************************
James M. Kelly, Robbins, Kelly, Patterson & Tucker, LPA, Cincinnati, OH, for Petitioner.
Robert Paul Coleman, III, U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Washington, D.C., for Respondent.
DECISION AWARDING ATTORNEY’S FEES AND COSTS 1
On September 26, 2018, Karen Goldie filed a Petition seeking compensation under the
National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (“Vaccine Program”). 2 Petitioner alleged that she
developed Guillain-Barré syndrome (“GBS”) and Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating
Polyneuropathy (“CIDP”) after receiving the influenza (“flu”) vaccine on October 16, 2015. Pet.
at 1 (ECF No. 1). Unable to maintain expert support for her claim, Ms. Goldie filed a Motion
1
Although this Decision has been formally designated “not to be published,” it will nevertheless be posted on the
Court of Federal Claims’s website in accordance with the E-Government Act of 2002, 44 U.S.C. § 3501 (2012)). This
means that the Decision will be available to anyone with access to the internet. As provided by 42 U.S.C. § 300aa-
12(d)(4)(B), however, the parties may object to the Decision’s inclusion of certain kinds of confidential information.
Specifically, under Vaccine Rule 18(b), each party has fourteen days within which to request redaction “of any
information furnished by that party: (1) that is a trade secret or commercial or financial in substance and is privileged
or confidential; or (2) that includes medical files or similar files, the disclosure of which would constitute a clearly
unwarranted invasion of privacy.” Vaccine Rule 18(b). Otherwise, the whole Decision will be available to the public
in its current form. Id.
2
The Vaccine Program comprises Part 2 of the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99-660,
100 Stat. 3758, codified as amended, 42 U.S.C. §§ 300aa-10 through 34 (2012) [hereinafter “Vaccine Act” or “the
Act”]. Individual section references hereafter will be to § 300aa of the Act.
seeking dismissal of the Petition the following year, on October 7, 2019, and I subsequently
dismissed the action. Decision, dated October 11, 2019 (ECF No. 19).
On November 5, 2019, Petitioner filed a motion seeking a final award of attorney’s fees
and costs. Mot. for Final Att’ys’ Fees and Costs (ECF No. 20) (“Mot.”). Ms. Goldie requested
$38,613.75 3 in attorney’s fees. Mot. at 3. As the invoice attached to the Fees Motion demonstrates,
Mr. James M. Kelly, Esq. worked on the matter between late-March 2018 and the present date,
along with one legal assistant. 4 Ex. 1 to Mot. Petitioner also requests costs in the total sum of
$5,635.86, reflecting filing fees and the work of a single expert who consulted on the matter. Mot.
at 4; Ex. 3 to Mot.; Ex. 4 to Mot.
Respondent reacted to the fees request on November 19, 2019. See Response, dated Nov.
19, 2019 (ECF No. 23). He indicates in his Response that he is satisfied that the statutory
requirements for an attorney’s fees and costs award are met in this case but defers to my discretion
the calculation of a proper amount to be awarded. Id. at 2–3.
Now, having had the opportunity to review all filings in light of the medical record, I hereby
(and for the reasons set forth below) GRANT IN PART AND DENY IN PART Petitioner’s
motion.
I. Brief Factual Summary
Petitioner received the flu vaccine on October 16, 2015. Pet. at 1. Several months later, on
January 6, 2016, Petitioner presented to the emergency department of Miami Valley Hospital and
complained of upper body weakness that had persisted since its onset on December 18, 2015. Ex.
3 at 5–6, 12. A physical examination revealed equal, but diminished strength in both upper
extremities as well as mild weakness in her lower extremities. Id. at 14, 16. Despite these findings,
Petitioner’s overall appearance was good, and she was discharged home with instructions to
follow-up with neurology and her primary care physician. Id. at 16. She was also told to return to
the emergency department if her symptoms worsened. Id.
Petitioner returned to the emergency department at Miami Valley Hospital on January 9,
2016 and complained of worsening weakness. Id. at 43. Her lower extremity weakness was so
severe that she was unable to ambulate and required mobility assistance. Id. at 53. She was
admitted for “further monitoring, evaluation, and continued diagnostic testing for her generalized
weakness and inability to ambulate.” Id. at 43–44.
3
Petitioner’s motion reflects a pre-filing reduction of actual fees incurred at a rate of twelve and a half percent to
account for duplicative work that was conducted by Mr. Kelly and his paralegal inadvertently. Mot. at 3.
4
Petitioner did not file a General Order No. 9 Statement in connection with her fee application (and counsel does
not request any costs personally incurred by Petitioner).
2
An EMG and nerve conduction study performed on January 13, 2016 showed evidence of
a peripheral polyneuropathy. Id. at 75. That same day, Ms. Goldie underwent a lumbar puncture.
Id. at 76. The results of the lumbar puncture showed elevated protein levels. Id. at 123. Acute
inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (“AIDP”)—a common GBS variant—became the
most favored etiology for Ms. Goldie’s condition. Id. at 76, 80. Additionally, her treating
physicians noted that she “did report recent vaccinations in [September]. This could be an atypical
presentation.” Id. at 80. Ms. Goldie was treated with a five-day course of IVIG with marked
improvements in her condition. Id. at 89, 102. She was discharged home on January 18, 2016. Id.
at 162.
In the months that followed, Ms. Goldie experienced several relapses in her GBS-like
symptoms requiring hospitalization and continued treatment with IVIG. See id. at 599, 946. Given
the persistent relapsing and remitting nature of her symptoms, Ms. Goldie was diagnosed with
CIDP. Id. at 946; see also Ex. 6 at 40, filed Sept. 26, 2018 (ECF No. 5-6). Following her diagnosis,
Ms. Goldie continued to experience several more relapses that required hospitalization and IVIG
treatment. Ex. 3 at 1143, 2389, 2654. In an effort to further limit the number of relapses she was
experiencing, Ms. Goldie began plasma exchange treatments in April 2017. Id. at 3293. Despite
experiencing significant improvements with weekly plasma exchange, Ms. Goldie still
experienced relapses requiring hospitalization in September and October 2017, as well as January
2018. Id. at 4057–58, 4901–02, 5757–58; Ex. 7 at 16, filed Sept. 26, 2018 (ECF No. 5-7).
Following her January 2018 hospital admission, Ms. Goldie experienced improvement in
her condition. See Affidavit of Karen Goldie at 6, filed as Ex. 2 on Sept. 26, 2018 (ECF No. 5-2).
She regained mobility and the ability to perform most activities of daily living without difficulty.
Id. On March 15, 2018, she had a follow-up appointment as well as a colonoscopy. Ex. 3 at 6386.
The colonoscopy revealed a neuroendocrine carcinoid tumor, which was subsequently removed.
Id.
II. Analysis
A. Petitioner’s Claim had Reasonable Basis
Vaccine Program attorneys are not automatically entitled to a fees award in unsuccessful
cases like this one. Rather, such a claim must be shown to have possessed “reasonable basis”—
meaning that it had some objective basis upon which to proceed, in light of the “totality of the
circumstances.” See, e.g., Chuisano v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 116 Fed. Cl. 276, 286
(2014) (citing McKellar v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 101 Fed. Cl. 303, 303 (2011));
Allicock v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 15-485V, 2016 WL 3571906, at *4–5 (Fed. Cl.
Spec. Mstr. May 26, 2016), aff’d on other grounds, 128 Fed. Cl. 724 (2016); Gonzalez v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., No. 14-1072V, 2015 WL 10435023, at *5–6 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr.
Nov. 10, 2015).
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Here, I find Petitioner’s claim had sufficient objective basis to entitle her to a fee award
under the applicable reasonable basis analysis. Claims that vaccines can cause GBS and CIDP are
common enough in the Program to have facial credibility. Even though this claim was unsuccessful
(due primarily to the lack of expert support for Petitioner’s proposed theory of causation following
the discovery of her neuroendocrine carcinoid tumor), it was based on evidence, including
diagnostic test results and treater support, of GBS and CIDP following vaccine administration. In
addition, the claim’s objective deficiencies were only revealed after an expert pointed them out.
Mot. at 2. There was enough evidence in the record to support bringing the claim, and Respondent
for his part does not otherwise contest reasonable basis.
B. The Requested Hourly Rates are Reasonable
Determining the appropriate amount of the fees award is a two-part process. The first part
involves application of the lodestar method—“multiplying the number of hours reasonably
expended on the litigation times a reasonable hourly rate.” Avera v. Sec’y of Health & Human
Servs., 515 F.3d 1343, 1347–48 (Fed. Cir. 2008) (quoting Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 888
(1984)). The second part involves adjusting the lodestar calculation up or down to take relevant
factors into consideration. Id. at 1348. This standard for calculating a fee award is considered
applicable in most cases where a fee award is authorized by federal statute. Hensley v. Eckerhart,
461 U.S. 424, 429–37 (1983).
An attorney’s reasonable hourly rate is determined by the “forum rule,” which bases the
proper hourly rate on the forum in which the relevant court sits (Washington, D.C., for Vaccine
Act cases), except where an attorney’s work was not performed in the forum and there is a
substantial difference in rates (the Davis exception). Avera, 515 F.3d at 1348 (citing Davis Cty.
Solid Waste Mgmt. & Energy Recovery Special Serv. Dist. v. U.S. Envtl. Prot. Agency, 169 F.3d
755, 758 (D.C. Cir. 1999)). A 2015 decision established the hourly rate ranges for attorneys with
different levels of experience who are entitled to the forum rate in the Vaccine Program. See
McCulloch v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 09-293V, 2015 WL 5634323, at *19 (Fed. Cl.
Spec. Mstr. Sept. 1, 2015).
Mr. Kelly is a named partner of Robbins, Kelly, Patterson & Tucker, LPA, located in
Cincinnati, Ohio, a jurisdiction that has been deemed “in forum.” See Mollica on behalf of A.M. v.
Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 15-1520V, 2017 WL 2807954, at *2 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr.
May 23, 2017). He is therefore entitled to the forum rates established in McCulloch and
subsequently embraced by the Office of Special Masters. 5 Upon consideration, given the
information proffered by Petitioner herein about Mr. Kelly along with his overall experience, the
5
See Office of Special Masters Attorneys’ Hourly Rate Fee Schedule: 2018–2019,
https://www.uscfc.uscourts.gov/node/2914 (last accessed on Dec. 5, 2019).
4
quality of his work, and his reputation in the legal community, I find that the rates requested are
reasonable for the work completed herein.
C. Some of the Hours Expended are Unreasonable
While I find the rates requested in this case to be reasonable, I find certain of the hours
expended in this matter unreasonable. In assessing the number of hours eligible for
reimbursement, the courts must exclude those “hours that are excessive, redundant, or otherwise
unnecessary, just as a lawyer in private practice ethically is obligated to exclude such hours from
his fee submission.” Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 434 (1983). Likewise, “[h]ours that are
not properly billed to one’s client also are not properly billed to one’s adversary pursuant to
statutory authority.” Id. at 433–44 (emphasis in original); see also Sabella v. Sec’y of Health &
Human Servs., No. 02-1627V, 2008 WL 4426040, at *28 (Fed. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 23, 2008) aff’d
in part & rev’d in part (on other grounds), Sabella v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 86 Fed. Cl.
201 (2009). Should a special master find the hours expended are unreasonable, the special master
may reduce a fees request sua sponte, regardless of whether respondent filed an objection to a
particular request. Riggins v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 99-382V, 2009 WL 3319818,
at *7 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. June 15, 2011), mot. for rev. denied, 106 Fed. Cl. 600 (withdrawn),
aff’d, 406 Fed App’x 479 (Fed. Cir. 2011). In making such a reduction, the special master is not
required to afford the petitioner the opportunity to explain the unreasonable request because such
justification should have been provided in the initial request. Sebella, 86 Fed. Cl. at 208–09.
But what tasks constitute “excessive, redundant, or otherwise unnecessary” hours
expended? The instant matter provides two examples: performing medical research and
performing general research regarding the Vaccine Program.
Prior to filing a claim in the Vaccine Program, attorneys are encouraged to perform
independent research on filing procedures to ensure an efficient and complete review of the claim.
They are also encouraged to research the merits of the case before them. But this kind of
generalized background work is not compensable. See Curran v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs.,
No. 15-804, 2017 WL 1718791, at *4 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Marc. 24, 2017) (“[i]n any Vaccine
Program claim, counsel are expected to perform some due diligence before filing, which may
require an expenditure of time reviewing materials connected to the claim before it is filed. That
time is not reimbursed via the Program, but is instead properly viewed as borne by the attorney
as business cost.” (emphasis added)).
General research conducted for the purpose of familiarizing oneself with medical
terminology, filing procedures, and case law are not recoverable tasks under the Vaccine Act. See
Helton v. Sec’y of Health & human Servs., No. 16-0234V, 2017 WL 4020452, at *5 (Fed. Cl. Spec.
Mstr. Aug. 28, 2017) (holding that “’it is inappropriate for counsel to bill time for educating
themselves about basic aspects of the Vaccine Program’” (citing Matthews v. Sec’y of Health &
Human Servs., No. 14-1111V, 2016 WL 2853910, at *2 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Apr. 18, 2016));
5
Carter v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 04-1500V, 2007 WL 2241877, at *5 (Fed. Cl.
Spec. Mstr. July 13, 2017) (finding that “[a]n inexperienced attorney may not ethically bill his
client to learn about an area of law in which he is unfamiliar. If an attorney may not bill his client
for this task, the attorney may also not bill the Program for this task.”); see also Hocraffer v. Sec’y
of Health & Human Servs., No. 99-533V, 2011 WL 3705153, at *26 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. July 25,
2011) (finding that “the primary medical research is performed appropriately by the experts, not
counsel.”); Hammitt v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 07-170V, 2011 WL 1827221, at *5
(Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Apr. 7, 2011) (noting that “[a]though an attorney must review and understand
medical literature to prosecute a case, most attorneys are not qualified to conduct the research on
medical issues”).
Mr. Kelly reported a total of 10.2 hours of research related to “GBS and CIDP medical
conditions,” “GBS, CIDP symptomology and treatment,” vaccine court rules,” “case research on
vaccine docket, CIDP cases, decisions and settlements,” and “article on paraneoplastic syndromes
secondary to neuroendocrine tumors.” Ex. 1 to Mot. Similarly, Mr. Kelly’s paralegal reported a
total of 7.6 hours of research related to “GBS and AIDP,” “medical procedure,” “CIDP cases and
awards,” “GBS and CIDP cases filed with vaccine court,” “CIDP cases heard before special
master[] Corcoran,” “paraneoplastic syndrome,” “carcinoid and paraneoplastic neuropathies,” and
“Loving elements of proof of aggravation of injury.” Id. Though counsel no doubt needed to
familiarize himself with Program requirements and the facts of this case, the nearly eighteen hours
spent researching general information about the alleged injury and associated treatments, Vaccine
Program rules, prior fee decisions, and prior entitlement decisions alleging GBS and CIDP far
exceed the scope of compensable research contemplated by the Vaccine Act. See Helton, 2017
WL 4020452, at *5; Hammitt, 2011 WL 1827221, at *5. Accordingly, I will reduce Petitioner’s
award of fees for almost eighteen hours spent conducting medical and general Program research
by seventy-five percent—equaling a reduction of $4,077.75. 6
D. The Requested Costs are Reasonable
I will next turn to costs. Just as they are required to establish the reasonableness of
requested fees, petitioners must also demonstrate that requested litigation costs are reasonable.
Perreira v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 27 Fed. Cl. 29, 34 (Fed. Cl. 1992); Presault v. United
States, 52 Fed. Cl. 667, 670 (Fed. Cl. 2002). When petitioners fail to carry their burden, such as
by not providing appropriate documentation to substantiate a requested cost, special masters have
refrained from awarding compensation. See, e.g., Gardner-Cook v. Sec’y of Health & Human
Servs., No. 99-480V, 2005 WL 6122520, at *4 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. June 30, 2005).
6
Multiplying Mr. Kelly’s 10.2 hours expended by 0.75 (the percentage by which I deemed it necessary to reduce the
requested fees award), and subsequently multiplying by Mr. Kelly’s hourly rate of $425 results in a reduction of
$3,251.25. Multiplying the 7.6 hours expended by Mr. Kelly’s paralegal by the reduction rate of 0.75 and multiplying
the product by the requested paralegal rate of $145 results in a reduction of $826.50. In sum, the aforementioned
reductions equal $4,077.75.
6
Petitioner requests $5,635.86 in overall costs. Mot. at 4; Ex. 3 to Mot.; Ex. 4 to Mot. This
amount includes the cost of postage, expert consultation fees, and medical record requests. Mot.
at 3–4; Ex. 3 to Mot.; Ex. 4 to Mot. These costs are typical of Vaccine Program litigation, and
Petitioner has provided adequate documentation supporting them. Additionally, the medical expert
retained in this matter provided services that assisted in the resolution of this case. Therefore, I
find reimbursement of the requested expert costs reasonable. I thus find the requested costs to be
reasonable and shall award them without reduction.
CONCLUSION
I hereby GRANT IN PART Petitioner’s motion for attorney’s fees and costs. An award of
$40,171.86 (representing $34,536.00 in attorney’s fees, plus $5,635.86 in costs) shall be made in
the form of a check payable jointly to Petitioner and Petitioner’s counsel, Mr. James Kelly, Esq.
Requested Amount Amount Awarded Difference
James Kelly, Esq. $22,944.69 $19,693.44 $3,251.25
Paralegal $15,669.06 $14,842.56 $826.50
Costs $5,635.86 $5,635.86 $0.00
Total $44,249.61 $40,171.86 $4,077.75
In the absence of a motion for review filed pursuant to RCFC Appendix B, the clerk of the
Court SHALL ENTER JUDGMENT in accordance with the terms of this decision.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
/s/ Brian H. Corcoran
Brian H. Corcoran
Chief Special Master
7