The opinion
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
J. G., : SEALED CASE
Petitioner :
: No. 381 C.D. 2018
v. : Submitted: March 14, 2019
:
Department of Human Services, :
Respondent :
BEFORE: HONORABLE ROBERT SIMPSON, Judge
HONORABLE ANNE E. COVEY, Judge (P.)
HONORABLE ELLEN CEISLER, Judge
OPINION NOT REPORTED
MEMORANDUM OPINION
BY JUDGE SIMPSON FILED: April 23, 2019
I. Introduction
In this sealed child abuse expunction case, J.G. (Mother) petitions for
review of an order of the Department of Human Services (Department), Bureau of
Hearings and Appeals (BHA), that denied her appeal from an indicated report
identifying Mother and her husband, R.W. (Stepfather), as perpetrators of child
abuse as defined by the Child Protective Services Law (CPSL), 23 Pa. C.S. §§6301-
6386. The report identified Mother’s then six-year-old son, J.P. (Child), as the
victim of the abuse. The BHA adopted, in its entirety, a recommendation by Barbara
Shadie Nause (ALJ Nause) to deny Mother’s appeal on the basis that the County of
Philadelphia Department of Human Services (County DHS) successfully met its
burden of producing substantial evidence of Mother’s physical abuse of Child.
Mother contends ALJ Nause’s recommendation, which the BHA
adopted, is legally erroneous and unsupported by substantial evidence. In particular,
Mother asserts ALJ Nause erroneously applied the rebuttable evidentiary
presumption of abuse in Section 6381(d) of the CPSL, 23 Pa. C. S. §6381(d). Mother
also argues that ALJ Nause’s conclusion that Child’s injury resulted from child
abuse, rather than a fall at school, was not supported by substantial evidence. Rather,
Mother asserts the ALJ based her decision on a clear but unstated finding that Child’s
inconsistent reports of abuse were credible.
The Department, however, contends Mother waived her right to
challenge the BHA’s January 19, 2018 order on the merits by failing to file a petition
for review within 30 days of that order. Further, the Department asserts Mother
waived the right to challenge the Secretary’s February 7, 2018 order denying
reconsideration by failing to address the Secretary’s denial of reconsideration in her
petition for review or brief.
For the reasons that follow, we dismiss Mother’s petition for review of
the BHA’s order denying her administrative appeal.
II. Background
In July 2017, based upon its investigation, County DHS filed an
indicated report of child abuse identifying Mother and Stepfather as perpetrators of
physical abuse of Child. In response, Mother and Stepfather filed appeals. In
November 2017, ALJ Joseph Woitko (ALJ Woitko) presided over an evidentiary
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hearing on the appeals. In lieu of submitting briefs, the parties presented closing
arguments. In December 2017, the record closed.
In January 2018, ALJ Nause issued a recommended adjudication and
made the following findings. Child, six years old at the time of the alleged abuse,
resided with Mother and Stepfather. In May 2017, County DHS received a referral
alleging Child had a left femur fracture as a result of being beaten by Mother and
Stepfather. County DHS assigned Intake Caseworker John Garvin (Caseworker) to
investigate the alleged abuse of Child. Caseworker proceeded to a hospital and
interviewed Child. He also interviewed Mother, Stepfather, and Child’s attending
nurse. At the hospital, Child disclosed, without prompting, that Mother and
Stepfather beat him.
During her interview with Caseworker, Mother disclosed that Child
experienced pain for approximately three weeks prior to his hospitalization. Mother
denied beating Child. However, she acknowledged that she used physical discipline
in the household and that she administered the discipline. During his interview,
Stepfather denied the allegations of abuse against him.
Caseworker also interviewed individuals from Child’s school.
According to school personnel, Child fell on May 12, 2017.
At the hospital, Caseworker observed a full-length cast, from hip to
ankle, on Child’s left leg. Prior to being placed in the cast, Child could not walk.
Child’s maternal grandmother carried him to the hospital. While in the cast, Child
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could not bathe without assistance or attend school. As a result of his injuries,
County DHS placed Child with his biological father, T.P. (Father), in August 2017.
At the hearing, Dr. Peter Pizzutollo, M.D. (Pediatrician), a board-
certified orthopedic surgeon, qualified as an expert in children’s orthopedic surgery
and child abuse evaluation. Pediatrician obtained a history and examined Child
during an office visit. About five days prior to the office visit, Pediatrician obtained
Child’s X-rays and a lab test performed at the hospital. Child’s grandmother
transported him to Pediatrician’s office and provided Child’s medical history.
During the office visit, Child disclosed to Pediatrician that Mother and
Stepfather told him to hold onto a pole while they beat him because he wet the bed
three times. When Pediatrician attempted to examine Child’s left hip, Child could
barely move his left hip without experiencing severe pain. Child also experienced
severe pain when attempting to flex his leg about 20 degrees above the table.
Pediatrician could not examine Child’s range of motion in his hip because of Child’s
severe pain. Pediatrician opined that although Child appeared to be comfortable
while sitting, he would experience pain with motion. Pediatrician determined that
Child’s nerve function, blood vessels and circulation were fine. However, any
attempt to move Child’s hip was painful.
Pediatrician reviewed Child’s X-rays and lab studies. He opined that
Child’s lab studies were normal. However, Pediatrician opined that Child’s X-rays
indicated a significant widening of the growth center of the upper end of the left
thigh, which would coincide with an injury through the growth zone. Pediatrician
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diagnosed Child with a Salter-Harris Type One (Salter One) fracture, which
indicates a fracture that goes through the growth plate. However, the bone above it
and below it did not become displaced.
As a result of the diagnosis, and in order to allow for proper healing,
Pediatrician admitted Child to the hospital and placed him in a spica cast. The cast
went around Child’s waist and down his entire left leg in order to keep him from
moving.
Pediatrician opined that a Salter One fracture could be caused by a
motor vehicle accident or a fall from a significant height. However, Pediatrician
opined that a Salter One fracture could not be caused from being pushed by a peer
at school or from rough play.
Pediatrician also explained why the hospital did not initially diagnose
Child with a Salter One fracture. He explained that the injury is a subtle change in
the growth plate. Therefore, the radiologist may not have noticed the change based
on a lack of subspecialty or expertise in this area.
Pediatrician based his diagnosis of a Salter One fracture on his physical
examination of Child and a review of Child’s X-rays, which showed that the growth
plate on the left side was wider than the growth plate on the right side. Pediatrician
further opined that Child’s Salter One fracture indicated that Child was a victim of
physical child abuse. Pediatrician also opined that Child would have experienced
5
severe pain and discomfort from the inflicted injury. Pediatrician testified that his
opinions were within a reasonable degree of medical certainty.
At the hearing, Mother denied the allegations of physical abuse.
Mother acknowledged that she used physical discipline in her household. However,
Mother claimed she stopped using physical discipline in May 2017. Mother
suggested that Claimant’s injuries could have been caused by a fall at school.
Stepfather and Child did not testify at the hearing. Father did not
provide any testimony regarding the allegations of child abuse.
ALJ Nause found the testimony of Caseworker and Pediatrician to be
credible. However, ALJ rejected the testimony of Mother as to how Child sustained
his injuries as not credible.
In analyzing the applicable law, ALJ Nause recognized that County
DHS has the burden of presenting substantial evidence that Mother and Stepfather
committed child abuse in violation of the CPSL. Substantial evidence, in the context
of a child abuse proceeding, has been defined as “evidence which outweighs
inconsistent evidence and which a reasonable person would accept as adequate to
support a conclusion.” 23 Pa. C.S. §6303(a); A.O. v. Dep’t of Pub. Welfare, 838
A.2d 35 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2003). In an expunction case, the burden is on the county
agency to present evidence that outweighs any contrary evidence that the petitioner
committed child abuse. L.S. v. Dep’t of Pub. Welfare, 828 A.2d 480 (Pa. Cmwlth.
2003).
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Further, Section 6303(a) defines “perpetrator” as a “person who has
committed child abuse,” including: a parent of a child, a paramour or former
paramour of the child’s parent, an individual, 14 years of age or older who is
responsible for the welfare of a child, and an individual, 14 years of age or older who
resides in the same home as the child. 23 Pa. C.S. §6303(a). Section 6303(b.1) of
the CPSL defines “child abuse” as the intentional, knowing or reckless causation of
bodily injury to a child through any recent act or failure to act. 23 Pa. C.S.
§6303(b.1). “Bodily Injury” is defined as “Impairment of physical condition or
substantial pain.” 23 Pa. C.S. §6303(a).
Here, ALJ Nause noted that in this multi-caregiver case, Mother
qualified as a perpetrator because she is Child’s biological mother. The ALJ further
noted that Stepfather qualified as a perpetrator because he is the child’s stepfather
and lives in the same residence as Child.
ALJ Nause also recognized that Section 6381(d) of the CPSL, relating
to prima facie evidence of abuse in court proceedings, provides:
Prima facie evidence of abuse.--Evidence that a child has
suffered child abuse of such a nature as would ordinarily
not be sustained or exist except by the reason of the acts
or omissions of the parent or other person responsible for
the welfare of the child shall be prima facie evidence of
child abuse by the parent or other person responsible for
the welfare of the child.
23 Pa. C.S. §6381(d).
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The ALJ also reviewed our Supreme Court’s decision in In re L.Z., 111
A.3d 1164 (Pa. 2015). The L.Z. Court examined prior intermediate appellate
interpretations of Section 6381(d), which limited the prima facie presumption of
abuse to one parent who was present at the time of the injury. The Court concluded
these prior decisions were too restrictive. Like here, the situation in L.Z. involved
multiple caregivers. Ultimately, the Supreme Court determined that, when
applicable, the presumption of abuse in Section 6381(d) required each parent or
person responsible for the child’s care to provide evidence rebutting the presumption
that he or she actually inflicted the injury or failed in their duty to protect the child.
Summarizing the evidence presented by County DHS, including
Pediatrician’s medical opinions, ALJ Nause observed that Child’s injuries impaired
his ability to walk and caused him substantial pain. ALJ’s Adj., 1/9/18, at 15.
Therefore, ALJ Nause concluded that the evidence clearly showed that Child
suffered physical child abuse. Id.
ALJ Nause also determined that the prima facie presumption in 23 Pa.
C.S. §6381(d) applies in the present case because Mother and Stepfather were
Child’s caretakers during the time period in which the abuse occurred. L.Z. To that
end, ALJ Nause determined Mother could not rebut the presumption and was unable
to provide a plausible explanation for Child’s injury. In particular, ALJ Nause
reasoned:
[Mother] acknowledged that she has used physical
discipline in her household, yet claims she stopped using
physical discipline in May 2017. In addition, [Mother]
suggested that [Child’s] injury could have been caused
from a fall at school. However, [Mother’s] theory
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regarding [Child’s] injury was implausible and
contradicted by the credible medical testimony.
[Pediatrician] opined that a Salter One fracture could be
caused from a motor vehicle accident or a fall from a
significant height but could not be caused from being
pushed by a peer at school or from rough play. Therefore,
the testimony of [Mother] regarding the possible cause of
[Child’s] injury was not credible.
ALJ’s Adj. at 15.
ALJ Nause further observed that Stepfather did not submit any
evidence or testimony to rebut the presumption that he committed child abuse.
Therefore, ALJ Nause determined that neither Mother nor Stepfather rebutted the
presumption of abuse. Accordingly, ALJ Nause found that Mother and Stepfather
failed to rebut the presumption that they were the individuals who committed child
abuse upon Child. Id.
In making this determination, ALJ Nause explained that she need not
determine “beyond all doubt” whether the physical abuse occurred. Id. Rather, the
County DHS had the burden to provide substantial evidence of child abuse
committed by Mother and Stepfather. Here, County DHS met this burden.
Therefore, ALJ Nause concluded that Mother’s and Stepfather’s appeals should be
denied. ALJ’s Adj. at 16.
Thereafter, the BHA, after reviewing ALJ Nause’s recommended
adjudication, adopted it in its entirety. See BHA Order, 1/19/18. Stepfather did not
seek review of the BHA’s order. Mother filed a request for reconsideration, which
the Secretary denied by order dated February 7, 2018. Mother eventually filed a
9
petition for review, which this Court deemed filed on February 26, 2018, the date of
Mother’s pro se letter of appeal.1
III. Discussion
A. Waiver
We first address the Department’s contentions regarding waiver. The
Department argues: (a) Mother waived the right to challenge the BHA’s January 19,
2018, order on the merits by failing to file a petition for review within 30 days of the
order; and (b) Mother waived the right to challenge the Secretary’s February 7, 2018,
order denying reconsideration by failing to address the order in her brief.
1. Argument
First, the Department contends that Mother lacks any authority to
challenge the BHA’s January 19, 2018, decision on the merits because Pa. R.A.P.
1512(a) requires that a petition for review of a quasi-judicial order be filed within
30 days after the entry of the order. A party who fails to file a petition for review
within the 30-day appeal period loses the ability to challenge the merits of the
decision. Keith v. Dep’t of Pub. Welfare, 551 A.2d 333 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1988).
Here, the Department asserts, Mother filed a pro se letter on February
26, 2018, which this Court preserved as the date of filing her appeal. On March 26,
2018, Mother filed a petition for review identifying the BHA’s January 19, 2018,
1
Appellate review of an agency decision is limited to determining whether the agency’s
findings were supported by substantial evidence, whether the agency committed an error of law,
or whether the agency violated the appellant’s constitutional rights. R.J.W. v. Dep’t of Human
Servs., 139 A.3d 270 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2016).
10
order as the order over which this Court has jurisdiction. However, because the 30-
day appeal period expired, the Department argues the only order that Mother could
appeal is the February 7, 2018, order denying her request for reconsideration.
Therefore, the Department argues Mother’s challenge to the merits of the BHA’s
decision and order is waived.
Second, the Department contends Mother’s petition for review and
brief challenge only the BHA decision and the only matter this Court may review is
the order denying reconsideration. Therefore, the Department contends Mother
waived any argument that the Secretary abused her discretion in denying
reconsideration. Issues must be raised in a party’s petition for review and in the
Statement of Questions and Argument sections of the party’s appellate brief. City
of Philadelphia v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd. (Ford-Tilghman), 996 A.2d 569 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2010).
In support of its position, the Department cites K.G. v. Dep’t of Human
Services, 187 A.3d 276 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2018), wherein a mother named as a
perpetrator of child abuse in an indicated report challenged the merits of a BHA
decision denying her appeal. In response, the Department argued that the only issue
properly before this Court was whether the Secretary abused his discretion by
denying the mother’s request for reconsideration. In so doing, the Department noted
that the mother did not address the merits of the Secretary’s decision.
In K.G., this Court determined the mother waived her challenge to the
Secretary’s denial of reconsideration by failing to raise it in her petition for review
11
or in her appellate brief. The Department maintains that the issues in K.G. mirror
the pending issues in this matter. In short, Mother failed to challenge the appropriate
issues in her petition for review and brief.
As a result of these waivers, the Department argues this case must be
considered moot. Under the mootness doctrine, a case may be dismissed for
mootness at any time by the court, because, generally, an actual case or controversy
must exist at all stages of the judicial or administrative process. Pa. Liquor Control
Bd. v. Dentici, 542 A.2d 229 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1988). The Department asserts, in light
of K.G., Mother’s failure to raise arguments pertinent to the Secretary’s order
denying reconsideration renders this case moot.
2. Analysis
With respect to the BHA’s decision and order, Mother filed her pro se
appeal letter on February 26, 2018, more than 30 days after the BHA issued its order
on January 19, 2018. Timeliness of an appeal is jurisdictional in nature; if an appeal
is untimely, this Court is without jurisdiction to review the merits of the case. Keith;
Peace v. Dep’t of Pub. Welfare, 501 A.2d 1164 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1985). Consequently,
Mother’s untimely challenge to the merits of the BHA’s decision must be deemed
waived. Keith.
With respect to the Secretary’s order denying reconsideration, we note
that Mother initially indicated in her pro se letter, dated February 26, 2018, that she
was appealing the Secretary’s February 7, 2018 order denying reconsideration.
However, in her ancillary petition for review, dated March 26, 2018, Mother sought
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review of the BHA’s January 19, 2018 decision on the merits. In so doing, Mother
abandoned her challenge to the Secretary’s order denying reconsideration.
Therefore, given these circumstances, we must dismiss Mother’s alleged pro se
appeal of the Secretary’s order denying reconsideration because she abandoned any
right to review of that order by not challenging it in her ancillary petition for review.
See Walsh v. Dep’t of Human Servs. (Pa. Cmwlth., Nos. 2018 C.D. 2015, 2558 C.D.
2015, filed July 1, 2016) (unreported)2 2016 WL 3571386 (where the petitions for
review do not address the order denying reconsideration, we will not review it).
B. Merits of BHA Decision and Order
As discussed above, we must hold Mother failed to preserve her
challenge to the merits of the BHA’s decision and order. Keith. Consequently, we
dismiss Mother’s challenge to the merits of the BHA’s decision denying her
administrative appeal. Id. Nonetheless, even if not waived, Mother’s arguments
fail.
1. Presumption of Abuse
a. Argument
Mother contends that ALJ Nause, who did not preside at the hearing,
erroneously applied the prima facie presumption of abuse in 23 Pa. C.S. §6381(d) in
this case. In addition, Mother asserts, even assuming the ALJ properly applied the
presumption, proof that the child was not in the parent’s care when the injury
occurred will rebut the presumption. T.H. v. Dep’t of Human Servs., 145 A.3d 1191
2
This Court’s unreported opinions may be cited for their persuasive value, but not as
binding precedent. Section 414(a) of the Commonwealth Court’s Internal Operating Procedures;
210 Pa. Code §69.414(a).
13
(Pa. Cmwlth. 2016). As such, Mother maintains that the preponderance of the
evidence in this case established that Child’s injury occurred when he was pushed
and fell at school.
b. Analysis
In an expunction case, the county agency bears the burden of
establishing the report of abuse is accurate and supported by substantial evidence,
which the CPSL defines as evidence which outweighs inconsistent evidence and
which a reasonable person would accept as adequate to support a conclusion. R.J.W.
v. Dep’t of Human Servs., 139 A.3d 270 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2016). An ALJ is free to
accept or reject the testimony of any witness, in whole or in part. Id. Further,
determinations regarding credibility and the weight of the evidence are solely within
the province of the ALJ. Id.
Pediatrician opined that Child’s fracture could not be caused by being
pushed at school or engaging in rough play. ALJ’s Adj., Finding of Fact (F.F.) No.
39; ALJ’s Hr’g, Notes of Testimony (N.T.), 11/28/17, at 131. Child experienced
severe pain from his femur fracture. F.F. No. 44; N.T. at 121. Pediatrician opined,
within a reasonable degree of medical certainty, that child abuse was the most likely
diagnosis. F.F. No. 43; N.T. at 136. To that end, Pediatrician noted there was no
history of any significant injury, and Child’s history of what was being done to him
supported a conclusion of child abuse. N.T. at 136. In short, Pediatrician testified
that Child’s injuries could not have resulted from a fall at school. ALJ Nause
accepted Pediatrician’s testimony and opinions as credible. F.F. No. 51. Therefore,
Mother’s competency challenge to Pediatrician’s testimony fails.
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In addition, we recognize that the presumption of abuse only establishes
prima facie evidence of abuse, which can be rebutted. L.Z. In light of the ALJ’s
negative credibility finding regarding Mother’s testimony that Child’s fall at school
caused his injury, Mother failed to rebut the presumption in 23 Pa. C.S. §6381(d).
2. ALJ’s Credibility Determinations
a. Argument
Mother also argues that ALJ Nause, who did not preside at the hearings,
obviously credited Child’s reports of abuse over Mother’s denials of abuse without
explaining her credibility determination in favor of Child. Mother cites Daniels v.
Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (Tristate Transport), 828 A.2d 1043 (Pa.
2003), a workers’ compensation case where our Supreme Court held that credibility
determinations based upon review of a transcript must be explained by some
articulation of an objective basis for the determination. Mother points out that this
Court applied Daniels in A.G. v. Department of Human Services (Pa. Cmwlth., No.
965 C.D. 2017, filed June 6, 2018), 2018 WL 2708530, and remanded for the
issuance of a new decision.
b. Analysis
Unlike the situation in A.G., ALJ Nause’s credibility determinations
are sufficient to meet the Daniels standard. ALJ Nause found Pediatrician’s
testimony credible. F.F. No. 51. ALJ Nause also specifically credited Pediatrician’s
testimony that Child’s Salter One fracture could not have been caused by a push
15
from a peer at school or by rough play. F.F. No. 39; N.T. at 136. Moreover, ALJ
Nause recapped Pediatrician’s testimony and opinions and stated:
The credible medical testimony provided coupled with the
medical records and the [County DHS] testimony
introduced at the time of the hearing demonstrated
[Child’s] injury impaired his ability to walk and caused
him substantial pain; therefore [County DHS] met its
burden to show [Child] suffered bodily injury. Therefore,
the undersigned finds the evidence clearly supports that
[Child] was physically abused.
ALJ’s Adj. at 15. ALJ Nause further stated Mother’s theory regarding Child’s
injury was implausible and contradicted by Pediatrician’s credible medical
testimony. Id. Therefore, ALJ Nause rejected Mother’s testimony as not credible.
Id. ALJ Nause’s credibility determinations are adequate for appellate review.
Daniels; A.G.
IV. Conclusion
As discussed above, Mother’s untimely petition for review of the
BHA’s order adopting ALJ Nause’s recommendation to deny Mother’s and
Stepfather’s administrative appeals in this case deprives this Court of jurisdiction to
address the merits of Mother’s appeal. Therefore, we dismiss Mother’s appeal of
the BHA order on that basis. However, even assuming that the merits of Mother’s
appeal were properly before the Court, we discern no error or abuse of discretion in
the BHA’s decision and order denying Mother’s administrative appeal.
ROBERT SIMPSON, Judge
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IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
J. G., : SEALED CASE
Petitioner :
: No. 381 C.D. 2018
v. :
:
Department of Human Services, :
Respondent :
ORDER
AND NOW, this 23rd day of April, 2019, for the reasons stated in the
foregoing opinion, Petitioner J.G.’s petition for review of the order of the
Department of Human Services, Bureau of Hearings and Appeals, dated January 19,
2018, is DENIED and DISMISSED as untimely filed.
ROBERT SIMPSON, Judge