The opinion
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Daryl E. Merriwether :
:
v. : No. 1641 C.D. 2016
: Submitted: July 14, 2017
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, :
Department of Transportation, :
Bureau of Driver Licensing, :
Appellant :
BEFORE: HONORABLE P. KEVIN BROBSON, Judge
HONORABLE ANNE E. COVEY, Judge
HONORABLE DAN PELLEGRINI, Senior Judge
OPINION NOT REPORTED
MEMORANDUM OPINION
BY JUDGE BROBSON FILED: September 25, 2017
Appellant Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of
Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing (Department), appeals from an order of
the Court of Common Pleas of Lackawanna County (trial court), which sustained
the statutory appeal of Appellee Daryl E. Merriwether (Merriwether) of an
eighteen-month suspension of her driving privilege. The Department contends that
the trial court erred or abused its discretion by sustaining Merriwether’s petition to
appeal nunc pro tunc. We now reverse.
By official notice with a mailing date of February 8, 2016, the
Department notified Merriwether that her driver’s license would be suspended for
a period of eighteen months pursuant to Section 1547(b)(1)(ii) of the Vehicle
Code.1 (Reproduced Record (R.R.) at 6a-8a.) This suspension arose from
Merriwether’s refusal to submit to chemical testing in connection with her
December 23, 2015 arrest for violating Section 3802 of the Vehicle Code2 (relating
to driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol or a controlled substance). (Id.;
Appellant’s Br. at 5.) The effective date of this suspension was to be
March 14, 2016. (R.R. at 6a-8a.) Merriwether had thirty days to appeal the
decision, with the deadline to file an appeal being March 9, 2016. (Id.) On
March 23, 2016, two weeks after the filing deadline, Merriwether filed a petition
for appeal nunc pro tunc, arguing that she was unable to file the appeal on a timely
basis due to personal illness and a death in her family. (Id. at 3a-4a.)
The trial court conducted a hearing on April 20, 2016. (Id.
at 23a-39a). Merriwether testified to her personal hardships prior to the filing
deadline. (Id. at 27a-37a.) Merriwether testified that on January 1, 2016, a family
1
75 Pa. C.S. § 1547(b)(1)(ii). Section 1547(b)(1)(ii) of the Vehicle Code provides:
(b) Suspension for refusal.—
(1) If any person placed under arrest for a violation of section
3802 is requested to submit to chemical testing and refuses to do
so, the testing shall not be conducted but upon notice by the police
officer, the department shall suspend the operating privilege of the
person as follows:
...
(ii) For a period of 18 months if any of the following apply:
...
(B) The person has, prior to the refusal under this
paragraph, been sentenced for:
(I) an offense under section 3802[.]
2
75 Pa. C.S. § 3802.
2
member (her great grandmother) passed away, resulting in her having to frequently
travel out-of-state over the following weeks. (Id. at 27a-34a.) Merriwether
testified that one of these travels resulted in her being in New York from on or
about February 14, 2016 until on or about February 17, 2016. (Id. at 34a.) After
she returned, she retrieved her mail sometime between February 24 and
February 27, 2016, whereupon she received the notice of suspension from the
Department. (Id. at 28a, 34a-35a.)
Merriwether then testified that she had called the Department in an
attempt to appeal the suspension of her license on March 11, 2016, two days after
the deadline to file an appeal had passed. (Id. at 36a.) A representative of the
Department informed her that appeals could not be initiated through the phone and
that, due to the passing of the deadline, Merriwether would not be able to appeal
and would be subject to the license suspension. (Id.) Thereafter, Merriwether
testified to conducting her own research and filing with the trial court a petition to
appeal nunc pro tunc on March 23, 2016. (Id. at 37a.)
The trial court found Merriwether’s testimony to be credible and
allowed her to appeal nunc pro tunc due to the unforeseeable circumstances of a
death in the family and personal illness. (Id. at 30a, 38a.) The trial court thereafter
conducted a hearing on the merits of the underlying driver’s license suspension,
following which it issued an order sustaining Merriwether’s appeal and ordering
the Commonwealth to reinstate her driving privileges.3 The Department then
appealed to this Court.
3
The arresting officer failed to appear at the hearing on the merits, so the Department
was unable to present certain evidence in support of its case.
3
On appeal, the Department argues that the trial court erred in
sustaining Merriwether’s appeal because Merriwether did not file a timely appeal
and did not present necessary evidence to permit her to appeal nunc pro tunc.
More specifically, the Department argues that: (1) Merriwether did not establish
sufficient non-negligent circumstances to qualify for an appeal nunc pro tunc; and
(2) she did not proceed with reasonable diligence once she knew of the necessity to
take action.
Generally, a licensee who wishes to appeal from a suspension of
driving privileges has thirty days from the date which the entry is ordered. 42 Pa.
C.S. § 5571(b); Williamson v. Dep’t of Transp., Bureau of Driver Licensing,
129 A.3d 597, 601 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2015). Where that order is served by mail, as it
was in the instant case, the date of mailing is considered the date of entry of the
order. See 42 Pa. C.S. § 5572; Williamson, 129 A.3d at 601. Appeals filed beyond
the thirty-day appeal period are “untimely and deprive the common pleas court of
subject matter jurisdiction over such appeals.” Dep’t of Transp., Bureau of Driver
Licensing v. Maddesi, 588 A.2d 580, 582 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1991). An appeal may be
permitted nunc pro tunc only where: (1) delay in the filing of the appeal was
caused by extraordinary circumstances involving fraud, a breakdown in the
administrative process, or non-negligent circumstances related to the appellant, her
counsel, or a third party; and (2) the party proceeded with reasonable diligence
once she knew of the necessity to take action. Schofield v. Dep’t of Transp.,
Bureau of Driver Licensing, 828 A.2d 510, 513 (Pa. Cmwlth.), appeal denied,
837 A.2d 1179 (Pa. 2003).
Additionally, in order to be considered “non-negligent
circumstances,” the Pennsylvania Supreme Court has established a three-part
4
test: (1) the appellant’s notice of appeal was filed late as a result of non-negligent
circumstances, either as they relate to the appellant or the appellant’s
counsel; (2) the appellant filed the notice of appeal shortly after the expiration date;
and (3) the appellee was not prejudiced by the delay. Criss v. Wise,
781 A.2d 1156, 1159 (Pa. 2001). The exception of an appeal nunc pro tunc due to
non-negligent circumstances is meant to apply only in “unique and compelling
cases in which the appellant has clearly established that she attempted to file an
appeal, but unforeseeable and unavoidable events precluded her from actually
doing so.” Id. at 1160.
This Court’s scope of review of a trial court’s decision to allow an
appeal nunc pro tunc is limited to determining whether the trial court abused its
discretion or committed an error of law. Baum v. Dep’t of Transp., Bureau of
Driver Licensing, 949 A.2d 345, 347 n.5 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2008). Within this scope,
an abuse of discretion must represent “a manifestly unreasonable exercise of
judgment, or a final result that evidences partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill-will.”
Centrum Prime Meats, Inc. v. Pa. Liquor Control Bd., 455 A.2d 742, 745 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 1983).
Here, the trial court found Merriwether’s testimony credible and was
satisfied that the rationale provided by Merriwether established non-negligent
circumstances for filing her appeal. In its opinion, the trial court reasoned:
Here, Merriwether, the petitioner, filed [her] appeal on
March 23, 2016, 45 days after the mail date of the
Official Notice of the Suspension letter sent to [her] by
the Commonwealth. Merriwether was unable to file [her]
appeal within the statutory 30 days because [she] was ill
and then an immediate family member passed away,
which involved the attendance of a funeral. These
circumstances in the eyes of the court are extraordinary
circumstances outside Merriwether’s control, which lead
5
[sic] to the two-week delay in the filing of [her] appeal.
The court found [her] circumstances to be extraordinary
such that the 15-day tardiness in the filing of [her] appeal
was excusable.
(R.R. at 71a-72a.) The trial court’s rationale, however, is not in accord with the
facts of the case.
A review of the record reveals that the timeline of events relating to
the passing of Merriwether’s family member does not coincide with the timeframe
of the suspension letter and subsequent appeal deadline. Per Merriwether’s
testimony, her family member passed away on January 1, 2016, with the funeral
being held January 10, 2016. (Id. at 27a, 40a.) Thereafter, Merriwether further
testified to being out of state on February 6, and February 14 through
February 17, 2016. (Id. at 33a-34a.) Merriwether did not testify to being away
from home for any other time period pertinent to the instant case.
The Department mailed the notice of suspension to Merriwether on
February 8, 2016. (Id. at 6a-8a.) Thus, the notice may have been in Merriwether’s
mailbox prior to her period of absence from February 14 through
February 17, 2016. Even if she had not received the notice prior to her departure,
Merriwether still would have had almost three weeks in which to file a timely
appeal once she returned, because she returned on February 17, 2016, and the
appeal deadline was March 9, 2016. Instead, Merriwether testified that upon
returning on February 17, 2016, she did not check her mail for another week,
receiving the notice on approximately February 24, 2016. (Id. at 34a-35a.)
Even after receiving the notice, Merriwether took no further action
until March 11, 2016—two days after the filing deadline and over two weeks after
she testified to receiving the notice. (Id. at 36a.) On March 11, 2016, Merriwether
called the Department in an attempt to appeal the notice, but a Department
6
representative informed her that the deadline had passed and that a phone call was
not the correct method to perfect an appeal. (Id.) Thereafter, Merriwether filed her
petition to appeal nunc pro tunc on March 23, 2016—two weeks after the deadline
and four weeks after receiving the notice. (Id. at 36a-38a.)
Although this Court is sympathetic to the loss of a loved one, the facts
of the case indicate that the funeral was approximately two months before the
deadline to appeal, and, even after returning from her travels and receiving the
notice, Merriwether still had almost two full weeks in order to file an appeal. In
her own testimony, Merriwether does not seek to use the funeral and travelling to
excuse her untimely submission; rather, she uses them merely to show how
“chaotic” the beginning of the year 2016 was for her. (Id. at 32a-33a.)
Although it is undisputed that Merriwether was dealing with a variety
of circumstances in the beginning of 2016,4 a petition to appeal nunc pro tunc
“must be filed within a reasonable time after the occurrence of the extraordinary
circumstance.” City of Philadelphia v. Tirrill, 906 A.2d 663, 667 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2006), appeal denied, 916 A.2d 1103 (Pa. 2007). Untimeliness of only
one day, when uncorroborated by evidence for the reason of delay, has been
grounds for denial of nunc pro tunc petitions by this Court. See Smith v. Dep’t of
4
In addition to the death and subsequent funeral of her family member, Merriwether and
the trial court also cited personal illness as a contributing factor towards Merriwether’s untimely
filing. (R.R. at 3a, 71a.) In its brief, the Department correctly points out that there is no record
evidence to that effect. (Appellant’s Br. at 21.) The only allusions to personal illness are
contained in Merriwether’s petition to appeal nunc pro tunc and the trial court’s opinion.
(R.R. at 3a, 71a.) Thus, Merriwether provided no evidence of record of her illness.
Accordingly, this Court has directed its focus to Merriwether’s circumstances supported by
record evidence.
7
Transp., Bureau of Driver Licensing, 749 A.2d 1065, 1067 (Pa. Cmwlth.), appeal
denied, 795 A.2d 980 (Pa. 2000). This Court does not see such evidence that
would support the trial court’s conclusion that Merriwether’s untimely filing was
excusable.
Accordingly, the order of the trial court is reversed.
P. KEVIN BROBSON, Judge
8
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Daryl E. Merriwether :
:
v. : No. 1641 C.D. 2016
:
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, :
Department of Transportation, :
Bureau of Driver Licensing, :
Appellant :
ORDER
AND NOW, this 25th day of September, 2017, the order of the Court
of Common Pleas of Lackawanna County is hereby REVERSED.
P. KEVIN BROBSON, Judge